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Atlas Lithium Corp

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 4, 2026.

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About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Mar 4, 2026

ATLX$1.64-2.4%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-14.

0001493152-25-010384

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-04.

0001493152-26-008854

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 119 previous paragraphs and 166 current paragraphs.

99 unchanged; 15 reworded; 51 added; 4 removed; 1 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 44 previous and 48 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (51)

Current report

Risks Related to the Assembly, Commissioning, and Operation of Our DMS Plant

Current report

Our DMS Plant was manufactured in South Africa to our specifications by a third-party contractor which delegated certain work to subcontractors. The disassembled plant was shipped to Brazil mostly in containers with some bulk items as well and is currently in storage at a secure facility in Minas Gerais state. While we believe the assembly of the DMS Plant will be successful and that it will operate as expected, there are material risks associated with the assembly, commissioning, and ongoing operation of the DMS Plant.

Current report

Assembly of the DMS Plant will require us to retain employees or contractors with the necessary expertise, including project management and construction supervision services. Such personnel may not be readily available when needed or on terms favorable to us. Although we have strengthened our internal capabilities through the appointment of a Project Management Officer and Vice President of Engineering with experience from significant mining projects in Brazil, we continue to depend on certain consultants and contractors for specific technical requirements. Any inability to retain qualified contractors or their failure to perform in accordance with their agreements could result in delays in our ability to execute on our business plan and adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Current report

We may incur delays or cost overruns in assembling the DMS Plant and achieving the readiness of such processing facility to commence production. Potential causes of delay include, without limitation: the discovery of unusual or unexpected conditions during assembly; industrial accidents or equipment malfunctions; labor shortages, disputes, or work stoppages; permitting or regulatory delays; weather conditions or natural disasters; supply chain disruptions affecting the delivery of necessary equipment or materials; and the unavailability of suitable machinery, equipment, or skilled labor. Additionally, litigation by third parties such as non-governmental organizations could interfere with the permitting process or cause delays in project development.

Current report

If assembly of the DMS Plant requires longer than expected due to component damage, labor issues, contractor performance issues, or other factors, we could incur additional costs associated with extended storage, increased labor, or procurement of replacement parts. We cannot provide any assurance that the assembly will be completed on schedule or within budget.

Current report

Once assembled, operation of the DMS Plant will incur ongoing operating costs and our financial position and results of operations may be materially impacted if we are unable to fund such expenses and if our production costs are higher than the revenues from the sale of our lithium products. Equipment malfunctions or breakdowns during the term of operation could require us to incur substantial repair or replacement costs, potentially resulting in production downtimes and business interruption. We may face difficulty timely finding spare machines or parts to fix broken equipment. Additionally, fluctuations in the cost of fuel, power, materials, and supplies could result in increases in operating costs beyond our initial estimates.

Current report

We are subject to the effects of changing prices.

Current report

Inflation rates have been relatively low and stable over the previous three decades; however, inflation rates rose significantly between 2021 and 2024. Although inflation rates have stabilized at a moderate level, future economic shocks, such as those due to tariffs and trade wars, could increase inflation levels going forward. We bear the costs of operating and maintaining our assets, including labor and material costs as well as drilling and exploration costs. Although we may be able to reduce some of our exposure to price increases through the prices we charge, competitive market pressures may affect our ability to pass along price adjustments, which may result in reductions in our operating margins and cash flows in the future.

Current report

Our operations and projects are subject to a range of transitional and physical risks related to climate change.

Current report

We believe that climate change has the potential to impact on the regions and sites in which we operate, as well as the surrounding communities. Long-term potential physical climate risks include, but are not limited to, higher temperature in all regions, higher intensity storm events in all regions, impacts to annual precipitation depending upon the latitude and proximity of the site to oceans.

Current report

Physical risks related to extreme weather events such as extreme precipitation, flooding, longer wet or dry seasons, flooding and drought conditions, increased temperatures, sea level rise, landslides, mine flooding, landslides, wildfires or brushfires, or more severe storms may have financial implications for the business. In particular, the effects of changes in rainfall and intensities, water shortages and changing storm patterns have from time to time adversely impacted, and may in the future adversely impact, our costs, production levels and financial performance.

Current report

There is also the potential for disruption to transport routes associated with the distribution of our products. For example, essential roads for entering in our mine sites, may be subject to a risk of flooding due to the potential for an increase in average temperatures, which may be related to climate change. Severe storm events can also result in unpermitted off-site discharges, slope instability, mine pit erosion and structural failures, tailings storage facility overtopping and other impacts, including water storage and treatment facility capacity considerations. Extended dry seasons or unseasonal dry conditions could exacerbate dust generation from operating activities that may require additional controls for continued operation or result in compliance breaches. Changing climatic conditions may also affect the likelihood of meeting closure success criteria and require adjustments to mine site rehabilitation and closure plans. The higher potential for extreme heat conditions may affect equipment efficiency.

Current report

Such events can temporarily slow or halt operations due to physical damage to assets, reduced worker productivity for safety protocols on site related to extreme temperatures or lightening events, worker aviation and bus transport to or from the site, and local or global supply route disruptions that may limit transport of essential materials, chemicals and supplies, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position. Additional financial impacts could include increased capital or operating costs to increase water storage and treatment capacity, obtain or develop maintenance and monitoring technologies, increase resiliency of facilities and establish supplier climate resiliency and contingency plans.

Current report

An increase in frequency and duration of extreme weather conditions can be followed by extended power outages. Energy disruptions can have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position due to production delays or additional costs to ensure business continuity through reliable sources of on-site power generation. Energy transmission and supply may be impacted by wildfires, which may interrupt electrical power transmission lines to mine sites, and that may pose risks to on-site facilities and energy generators, fuel dispensing systems and supplies. In jurisdictions that rely on purchased hydroelectric power, such as in Brazil, extreme drought and extended dry seasons may impact the electric utility’s water supplies needed to generate hydroelectric power purchased by the mine to run operations, which would result in higher costs and/or limit energy availability for continuity of operations as well as impact our environmental systems and processes.

Current report

Our operations and projects are subject to a range of risks related to transitioning the business to meet regulatory, societal and investor expectations for operating in a low-carbon economy.

Current report

Climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy is expected to impact on our operations in a number of ways. Mining activities are an energy and fuel intensive business, currently resulting in a significant carbon footprint. Transitioning to a low-carbon economy will require significant investment and may entail extensive policy, legal, technology, and market changes to address mitigation and adaptation requirements related to climate change. Depending on the nature, speed, focus and jurisdiction of these changes, transition risks may pose varying levels of financial and reputational risk to the business.

Current report

A number of governments or governmental bodies, including Brazil, have introduced or are contemplating regulatory changes in response to the potential impacts of climate change that are viewed as the result of emissions from the combustion of carbon-based fuels.

Current report

Policy and regulatory risk related to actual and proposed changes in climate- and water-related laws, regulations and taxes developed to regulate the transition to a low-carbon economy may result in increased costs for our operations and our suppliers, including increased energy, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting and other costs to comply with such regulations. Regulatory uncertainty may cause us to incur higher costs and lower economic returns than originally estimated for new development projects and operations, including closure reclamation obligations.

Current report

The development and deployment of technological improvements or innovations will be required to support the transition to a low-carbon economy, which could result in write-offs and early retirement of existing assets, increased costs to adopt and deploy new practices and processing including planning and design for mines, development of alternative power sources, site level efficiencies and other capital investments. Our investments in these technologies may also expose us to legal, operational and reputational and other risks. The pace of development of such technologies may be inadequate, such technologies may be insufficient, and we may not be able to deploy such technologies at a commercial scale.

Current report

There will be varied and complex market impacts due to climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy. There will be shifts in supply and demand for certain commodities, products and services in connection with evolving consumer and investor sentiments. Market perceptions of the mining sector, and, in particular, the role that certain metals will or will not play in the transition to a low-carbon economy remains uncertain. Potential financial impacts may include reduced investment in certain minerals due to shifts in investor sentiment, increased production costs due to changing input prices, re-pricing of land valuation and assets, potential cost increases by insurers and lenders, and potential increases in taxation of the mining and metals sector.

Current report

Should the mining and metals sector not respond quickly enough to meeting globally accepted science-based reductions required to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change, industry members may be subject to an increased risk of future climate litigation. Over time, litigation may also apply to other resource intensive sectors that fail to set and/or meet long-term reduction targets. While we are not currently subject to any lawsuits related to climate, no assurances can be provided that similar suits will not be brought in the future.

Current report

There is currently no generally accepted global definition (legal, regulatory or otherwise) of, nor market consensus as to what criteria qualify as, “green,” “social,” “sustainable” or “sustainability-linked” (and, in addition, the requirements of any such label may evolve from time to time), and therefore no assurance is or can be given that we will meet any or all investor expectations.

Current report

We are vulnerable to concentration risks because our operations are currently exclusive to Brazil.

Current report

Our exploration and mining activities are currently entirely located in Brazil. Because of our geographic concentration, our operations are more vulnerable to local economic downturns and adverse project-specific risks than those of larger, more diversified companies.

Current report

We are dependent upon information technology and operational technology systems, which are subject to disruption, damage, failure or cybersecurity attacks and risks associated with implementation, upgrade, operation and integration.

Current report

Our business operations rely heavily on technology platforms and systems to manage and optimize our diverse mining assets. These systems are critical to ensuring safety, operational efficiency, cost management, and meeting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. However, the increasing sophistication of cybersecurity threats, coupled with the adoption of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and cloud-based platforms, poses important risks to our operations, financial performance, and reputation.

Current report

Our systems, as well as those of our third-party service providers, vendors, and partners, face a wide range of cybersecurity threats, including: Ransomware, malware, and phishing schemes targeting critical systems and sensitive data; unauthorized access and breaches affecting intellectual property, financial information, and operational data; vulnerabilities introduced through supply chain dependencies and third-party security weaknesses; human error, design flaws, and system misconfigurations.

Current report

The adoption of new technologies and the adoption of remote and flexible work arrangements enhances our operational capabilities but introduces additional risks. AI, for example, has the potential to improve efficiency and safety, it also presents unique vulnerabilities, including algorithmic biases that could lead to inaccurate decisions or unintended outcomes; data integrity risks, such as manipulation or corruption of datasets used to train AI systems; unauthorized access or exploitation of AI-powered systems, potentially compromising operations or sensitive data.

Current report

Additionally, the increased interconnectivity of automated and cloud-based systems and increase of remote workforce expands our cyber-attack surface, requiring heightened vigilance and advanced security measures.

Current report

Our cybersecurity measures, including the use of muti-factor authentication, data encryption, and firewall use, among other technologies, are intended to protect our technology platforms and address risks associated cybersecurity threats, including those stemming from the implementation of emerging technologies. While these efforts are designed to align with industry’s best practices, no system can eliminate all risks, especially given the pace of technological advancement and the evolving nature and increased frequency of cyber threats. In addition, we do not carry specific cybersecurity insurance to help mitigate such costs due to increased premiums and limited market availability. For additional information about steps we have taken to enhance our cybersecurity, please see “Item 1C. Cybersecurity.”

Current report

Therefore, a successful cyberattack or other cybersecurity incident could result in future production and operational downtimes, data corruption, and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. Any material breaches, disruptions, or loss of business-critical information, our systems and procedures for preparing and protecting against such attempts and mitigating such risks may prove to be insufficient against future attacks. These events may subject us to significant expenses, remediation costs, disputes, financial losses, regulatory actions or investigations, litigation, reputational harm, and delays in the deployment of critical technologies, that could result in damages, material fines and penalties, and harm to our reputation, any of which could have a significant effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. The risks associated with the implementation of emerging technologies, if not effectively mitigated, could undermine the benefits of these advancements and impact our competitive position.

Current report

In addition, we are subject to various legislation, regulations, directives and guidelines from federal, state, local and foreign agencies, that are intended to strengthen cybersecurity measures required for information and operational technology, and that apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information. Failure to comply with any of applicable legal requirements could result in enforcement action against us, including fines, which could harm our reputation and have a significant effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows.

Current report

We expect significant growth in the number of our employees if we determine that a mine at any of our properties is commercially feasible, we are able to raise sufficient funding and we elect to develop the property. This growth will place substantial demands on us and our management. Our ability to assimilate new personnel will be critical to our performance. We will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees. We will also have to adopt and implement new systems in all aspects of our operations. This will be particularly critical in the event we decide not to use contract miners on any of our properties. We have no assurance that we will be able to recruit the personnel required to execute our programs or to manage these changes successfully.

Current report

A portion of our workforce is represented by labor unions and therefore subject to collective bargaining agreements.

Current report

Our operations are dependent upon the efforts of our employees and, consequently, our maintenance of good relationships with our employees. Due to union activities or other employee actions, we could experience labor disputes, work stops or other disruptions in production, exploration or other business activities that could adversely affect us.

Current report

A portion of our workforce is represented by labor unions, as mandated under Brazilian law, and are therefore be subject to collective bargaining agreements, and if we are unable to enter into new agreements or renew existing agreements before they expire, our workers subject to collective bargaining agreements could engage in strikes or other labor actions that could materially disrupt our ability to conduct our operations.

Current report

We cannot predict the outcome of future negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering existing or potential future employees.

Current report

Our Reliance on Third-Party Consultants and Contractors Has and Could Continue to Adversely Affect Our Operations, Cost Structure, and Competitive Position

Current report

We rely on third-party consultants, contractors, and service providers to perform critical functions across our operations, [including geological and metallurgical analysis, mine planning, engineering, construction, environmental and permitting support, logistics, and specialized technical services]. Many of these activities require highly specialized expertise, regulatory familiarity, and operational experience that is difficult to source or replace on short notice.

Current report

These third parties may not perform their services in accordance with contractual requirements, applicable laws and regulations, or industry standards, or may lack the technical expertise, personnel, or financial resources necessary to execute complex or mission-critical work. Any failure by a third-party consultant or contractor to perform as expected, meet project timelines, or comply with contractual or regulatory obligations—including as a result of breach, insolvency, labor constraints, or competing priorities—could result in project delays, increased costs, operational disruptions, reduced production, or the inability to advance or maintain mining operations as planned. Current high levels of demand for talent in our industry present challenges in attracting and retaining qualified technical personnel with the necessary specialized knowledge.

Showing the first 40 of 51 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.

Removed paragraphs (4)

Previous report

We depend on information technology systems that are subject to cybersecurity threats, disruption, damage or failure.

Previous report

We depend on information technology and operational technology systems in the operation of our business. Our systems, and those of our third-party vendors, may be targeted by increasingly sophisticated threat actors. These threats include continually evolving cybersecurity risks from a variety of sources such as malware, extortion, employee error or malfeasance, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters and defects in design. Cybersecurity risk is increasingly difficult to measure and cannot be easily mitigated due to the rapidly evolving nature of the threats and threat actors. Additionally, unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems for company information through fraud or other means of deception. Our systems and procedures for preparing and protecting against such attempts and mitigating such risks may prove to be insufficient. Any material compromise or breach of our IT systems could have an adverse impact on our business and operations, including damage to our reputation and competitiveness, remediation costs, litigation or regulatory actions. In addition, new technology that could result in greater operational efficiency, such as artificial intelligence, may further expose our operations and computer systems to the risk of cybersecurity incidents.

Previous report

We have a contractual dispute with RTEK International DMCC, the outcome of which is unknown at this time, and our business and operations could be negatively impacted by the termination of the Technical Services Agreement with RTEK International DMCC.

Previous report

We have a contractual dispute with RTEK International DMCC with respect to the Second A&R RTEK Agreement (as defined in this Annual Report) and are currently assessing all avenues available to us related to the resolution of this dispute. and if arbitration ensues, we may incur arbitration-related costs, which may negatively impact our financial position and results of operations. To the extent the Second A&R RTEK Agreement terminates other than as currently provided under the terms of the agreement, while we believe that we can effectively utilize our current team to fulfill the services required to be delivered under the Second A&R RTEK Agreement, we may need to recruit additional talent and expertise to address some of the aspects of the services covered under the Second A&R RTEK Agreement. Current high levels of demand for talent in our industry present challenges in attracting and retaining qualified technical personnel with the necessary specialized knowledge.
Reworded paragraphs (15)

Previous wording

We have an accumulated deficit of approximately $144.4 million as of December 31, 2024. We expect to continue to incur losses unless and until such time as our projects or properties acquired in the future enter into commercial production and generate sufficient revenues to fund continuing operations and we are able to develop at least one economic deposit. If we are unable to generate cash flows from our operations, we will not be able to earn profits and may be unable to continue operations. At this early stage of our operation, we also expect to face the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties encountered by companies at the mineral exploration stage. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in addressing these risks and uncertainties and our failure to do so could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition.

Current wording

We have an accumulated deficit of approximately $171.6 million as of December 31, 2025. We expect to continue to incur losses unless and until such time as our projects or properties acquired in the future enter into commercial production and generate sufficient revenues to fund continuing operations and we are able to develop at least one economic deposit. If we are unable to generate cash flows from our operations, we will not be able to earn profits and may be unable to continue operations. At this early stage of our operation, we also expect to face the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties encountered by companies at the mineral exploration stage. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in addressing these risks and uncertainties and our failure to do so could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition.

Previous wording

Approximately 60% of our workforce is unionized. We may experience labor shortages and work stoppages due to localized or industry strikes. A prolonged work stoppage or strike by unionized employees could increase costs and affect our ability to conduct our research, development or production activities. In addition, upon the expiration of existing collective bargaining agreements, we may not reach new agreements, or such agreements may not be on terms satisfactory to us.

Current wording

Approximately 58% of our workforce is unionized. We may experience labor shortages and work stoppages due to localized or industry strikes. A prolonged work stoppage or strike by unionized employees could increase costs and affect our ability to conduct our research, development or production activities. In addition, upon the expiration of existing collective bargaining agreements, we may not reach new agreements, or such agreements may not be on terms satisfactory to us.

Previous wording

In order to finance our current operations and future capital needs, we will require additional funds through the issuance of additional equity and/or debt securities or other financings. Depending on the type and the terms of any financing we pursue, stockholders’ rights and the value of their investment in our shares could be reduced. Any additional equity financing will dilute shareholdings, and new or additional debt financing, if available, may involve restrictions on financing and operating activities. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2024, we issued an aggregate of 2,062,973 shares of our common stock in capital raising transactions, including (i) 191,723 shares sold pursuant to an At the Market Offering Agreement, and (ii) 1,871,250 shares sold pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. In addition, if we issue secured debt securities, the holders of the debt would have a claim to our assets that would be prior to the rights of stockholders until the debt is paid. Interest on such debt securities would increase costs and negatively impact operating results.

Current wording

In order to finance our current operations and future capital needs, we will require additional funds through the issuance of additional equity and/or debt securities or other financing facilities. Depending on the type and the terms of any financing we pursue, stockholders’ rights and the value of their investment in our shares could be reduced. Any additional equity financing will dilute shareholdings, and new or additional debt financing, if available, may involve restrictions on financing and operating activities. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2025, we issued an aggregate of 10,127,566 shares of our common stock in capital raising transactions, including (i) 7,627,566 shares sold pursuant to an At the Market Offering Agreement, and (ii) 2,500,000 shares sold to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. In addition, if we issue secured debt securities, the holders of the debt would have a claim to our assets that would be prior to the rights of stockholders until the debt is paid. Interest on such debt securities would increase costs and negatively impact operating results.

Previous wording

Our quarterly and annual revenue, operating results and financial results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period based on activities related to our exploration projects. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2023, costs associated with our exploration activities were significantly higher than in prior years, which contributed to a substantial increase to our net loss for the year as compared to the prior year. Our revenues, if any, net loss and results of operations may also fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control including, but not limited to, lack of sufficient working capital, equipment malfunction and breakdowns, inability to timely find spare machines or parts to fix the broken equipment, regulatory or licensing delays, deteriorations in our labor relations, changes in the prices of commodities or in the cost of our key inputs, currency fluctuations and severe weather phenomena.

Current wording

Our quarterly and annual revenue, operating results and financial results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period based on activities related to our exploration projects. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2025, costs associated with our stock based compensation were significantly lower than in prior years, which contributed to a substantial decrease to our net loss for the year as compared to the prior year. Our revenues, if any, net loss and results of operations may also fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control including, but not limited to, lack of sufficient working capital, equipment malfunction and breakdowns, inability to timely find spare machines or parts to fix the broken equipment, regulatory or licensing delays, deteriorations in our labor relations, changes in the prices of commodities or in the cost of our key inputs, currency fluctuations and severe weather phenomena.

Previous wording

Our ability to recruit and assimilate new personnel will be critical to our performance. We compete with other mining companies in the recruitment and retention of qualified managerial and technical employees. As we grow, we will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees. If we are unable to successfully compete for qualified employees, our exploration and development programs may be slowed down or suspended.

Current wording

Our ability to recruit and assimilate new personnel will be critical to our performance. We will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees, and our inability to successfully do so will adversely affect our plans.

Previous wording

We have historically relied on third-party technical consultants for various aspects of our Neves Project development. While we have strengthened our internal capabilities through the appointment of a Project Management Officer and Vice President of Engineering, who brings experience from multibillion-dollar mining projects in Brazil, we continue to depend on certain consultants for specific technical requirements. Also, there is significant competition for the services of these consultants in Brazil. Given this dependency, the consultants’ potential delivery of inadequate technical materials, or non-compliance with their contractual obligations, inclusive of exclusivity provisions, exposes us to significant operational and financial risks.

Current wording

We have historically relied on third-party technical consultants for various aspects of our MGLP development. While in 2025 we have strengthened our internal capabilities through the appointment of a Project Management Officer and Vice President of Engineering, who brings experience from multibillion-dollar mining projects in Brazil, we continue to depend on certain consultants for specific technical requirements. Also, there is significant competition for the services of these consultants in Brazil. Given this dependency, the consultants’ potential delivery of inadequate technical materials, or non-compliance with their contractual obligations, inclusive of exclusivity provisions, exposes us to significant operational and financial risks.

Previous wording

We are required to obtain governmental permits in order to conduct development and mining operations, a process which is often costly and time-consuming.

Current wording

We are required to obtain governmental permits in order to conduct development and mining operations, a process which is often costly, time-consuming and subject to the interference of third parties.

Previous wording

Private parties, such as environmental activists, frequently attempt to intervene in the permitting process and to persuade regulators to deny necessary permits or seek to overturn permits that have been issued. Obtaining the necessary government permits involves numerous jurisdictions, public hearings and possibly costly undertakings. These third-party actions can materially increase the costs and cause delays in the permitting process and could cause us to not proceed with the development or operation of a property. In addition, our ability to successfully obtain key permits and approvals to explore for, develop, operate and expand operations will likely depend on our ability to undertake such activities in a manner consistent with the creation of social and economic benefits in the surrounding communities, which may or may not be required by law. Our ability to obtain permits and approvals and to successfully operate in particular communities may be adversely affected by real or perceived detrimental events associated with our activities.

Current wording

In addition, our ability to successfully obtain key permits and approvals to explore for, develop, operate and expand operations will likely depend on our ability to undertake such activities in a manner consistent with the creation of social and economic benefits in the surrounding communities, which may or may not be required by law. Our ability to obtain permits and approvals and to successfully operate in particular communities may be adversely affected by real or perceived detrimental events associated with our activities.

Previous wording

Portions of our revenues may come from the extraction and sale of minerals. Our level of profitability, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on the prices of minerals set by the global markets. The price of minerals may fluctuate widely and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods and technological changes in the markets for the end products. For instance, the price of spodumene concentrate has varied from a high of approximately $8,000 per ton during the fourth quarter of 2022 to a low of approximately $740 during the fourth quarter of 2024, as reported by industry publications. The effect of these factors on the price of minerals, and therefore the economic viability of any of our exploration properties, cannot accurately be predicted.

Current wording

Portions of our revenues may come from the extraction and sale of minerals. Our level of profitability, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on the prices of minerals set by global markets. The price of minerals may fluctuate widely and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods and technological changes in the markets for the end products. The effect of these factors on the price of minerals, and therefore the economic viability of any of our exploration properties, cannot accurately be predicted.

Previous wording

Our ability to successfully develop our lithium resources and generate a return on investment will be affected by changes in the demand for and market price of lithium-based end products. The market price of these products can fluctuate and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control, primarily world supply and demand. Such external economic factors are influenced by changes in international investment patterns, global economic activity and growth, the unknown geopolitical consequences of the wars between Ukraine and Russia and between Israel and Hamas and macro-economic circumstances. For example, in 2023, lithium prices significantly decreased by approximately 75% to 85% from their high in January 2023 to the end of the year. Lithium prices experienced a further decline in 2024. For instance, battery-grade lithium carbonate prices dropped from around CNY ¥100,000 per ton at the beginning of 2024 to approximately CNY ¥75,000 per ton by the end of the year, representing a decrease of about 25%. Throughout 2024, lithium prices were characterized by volatility and a general downward trajectory, influenced by factors such as oversupply in the market, with new lithium production capacity coming online while the growth rate of demand from the electric vehicle and energy storage sectors did not keep pace with the supply expansion. In addition, the price of lithium products is impacted by their purity and performance. We may not be able to effectively mitigate against such fluctuations. High volatility or declines in lithium prices could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to generate revenues and our future profitability generally.

Current wording

Our ability to successfully develop our lithium resources and generate a return on investment will be affected by changes in the demand for and market price of lithium-based end products. The market price of these products can fluctuate and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control, primarily world supply and demand. Such external economic factors are influenced by changes in international investment patterns, global economic activity and growth, the unknown geopolitical consequences of the war between Ukraine and Russia, conflicts in the Middle East, including the ongoing war involving the United States, Israel and Iran, and macro-economic circumstances. We may be unable to effectively mitigate fluctuations in the price of lithium products, and high volatility or declines in lithium prices could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to generate revenues and our future profitability generally.

Previous wording

Mining operations in Brazil are heavily regulated. Any significant change in mining legislation or other changes in Brazil’s current mining environment may slow down or alter our business prospects. Further, countries in which we may wish to sell our mined minerals may impose special taxes, tariffs, or otherwise place limits and controls on consumption of our mined minerals, including tariffs or trade restrictions imposed by the new U.S. presidential administration.

Current wording

Mining operations in Brazil are heavily regulated. Concurrently, the Brazilian government has taken an active role in supporting the development of its domestic rare earths mining and processing industry, including, without limitation, by allocating financial resources to finance important mineral projects, including rare earths. Such government support is of material importance to the Company and the emerging Brazilian rare earths industry due to, among other factors, the presence of established foreign industry leaders and nations, such as China, which aggressively support their rare earths industry. Any significant change in mining legislation or other changes in Brazil’s current mining environment may slow down or alter our business prospects. Further, countries in which we may wish to sell our mined minerals may impose special taxes, tariffs, or otherwise place limits and controls on consumption of our mined minerals, including tariffs or trade restrictions imposed by the new U.S. presidential administration.

Previous wording

Our management is required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation. Our management previously determined that a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, and 2022.

Current wording

Our management is required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation.

Previous wording

Although management has determined that such weaknesses have been remediated and that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2024, we cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting once that firm begins our Section 404 reviews, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to capital markets.

Current wording

Although management has determined our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2025, we cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting once that firm begins our Section 404 reviews, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to capital markets.

Previous wording

Materials and products imported into the EU, the United States and other countries are subject to import duties. In addition, we cannot predict whether future Brazilian, U.S. or international laws, regulations or specific or broad trade remedy actions or international agreements may impose additional duties or other restrictions on exports of minerals from Brazil. Any such changes in legislation and government policy may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, in recent periods, the U.S. government has announced and, in particular following the U.S. presidential election in November 2024, may continue to announce, various import tariffs on goods imported from certain trade partners, such as the EU and China, which have resulted, and may continue to result, in reciprocal tariffs on goods exported from the United States to such trade partners. For example, recently the Trump Administration has signed executive orders imposing tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China. An escalating global trade war, including between the United States and China, could harm our business and growth prospects. Trade barriers and other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements around the world have the potential to decrease demand for our minerals and adversely impact the markets in which we operate.

Current wording

Materials and products imported into the EU, the United States and other countries are subject to import duties. In addition, we cannot predict whether future Brazilian, U.S. or international laws, regulations or specific or broad trade remedy actions or international agreements may impose additional duties or other restrictions on exports of minerals from Brazil. Any such changes in legislation and government policy may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, in recent periods, the U.S. government has announced and, in particular following the U.S. presidential election in November 2024, may continue to announce, various import tariffs on goods imported from certain trade partners, such as the EU and China, which have resulted, and may continue to result, in reciprocal tariffs on goods exported from the United States to such trade partners. In February 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down certain of the U.S. presidential administration’s tariffs as exceeding the executive’s statutory authority, and it remains unclear how the administration may shift its trade policies in response to the ruling. For example, following the ruling, the U.S. administration immediately imposed a new 10% global tariff under a different statute that permits tariffs up to 15% for 150 days. An escalating global trade war, including between the United States and China, could harm our business and growth prospects. Trade barriers and other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements around the world have the potential to decrease demand for our minerals and adversely impact the markets in which we operate.

Previous wording

A resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the emergence of a new pandemic, may adversely affect our business. In the recent past, the spread of COVID-19 caused public health officials in both Brazil and the U.S. to recommend precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus, especially as to international travel. In addition, certain states and municipalities in both countries enacted quarantine and “shelter-in-place” regulations and at times required non-essential businesses to close. There is no certainty that a resurgence of COVID-19, or a new pandemic, will not occur with restrictions imposed again in response. It is unclear how such restrictions, if put in place again, would contribute to a general slowdown in the global economy and would affect our business.

Current wording

Natural disasters, including the emergence of a new pandemic, may adversely affect our business. Such events, including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and health emergencies, could disrupt our operations or those of our third party suppliers, damage our facilities, or affect our supply chains. For example, in the recent past, the spread of COVID-19 caused public health officials in both Brazil and the U.S. to recommend precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus, especially as to international travel. In addition, certain states and municipalities in both countries enacted quarantine and “shelter-in-place” regulations and at times required non-essential businesses to close. There is no certainty that future natural disasters or a new pandemic will not result in similar restrictions being imposed. It is unclear how such events and any resulting restrictions would contribute to a general slowdown in the global economy or otherwise affect our business.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Obtaining the necessary government permits involves numerous jurisdictions, public hearings and possibly costly undertakings.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

A resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the emergence of a new pandemic, may adversely affect our business.