UMH PROPERTIES, INC.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 25, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Feb 25, 2026
What changed in Risk Factors?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-26.
0001493152-25-008351
Item 1A. – Risk FactorsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-25.
0001493152-26-008042
Item 1A. – Risk FactorsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 85 previous paragraphs and 89 current paragraphs.
69 unchanged; 15 reworded; 4 added; 0 removed; 1 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 10 previous and 11 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (4)
Current report
In the event our third-party lending program is terminated, either by Triad Financial Servies or by us, we would seek to develop an internal lending program so that we could continue to offer home financing to prospective residents of our communities. Such an internal lending program would expose us to additional risks, including additional risks associated with non-compliance with requirements imposed by federal and state consumer finance laws and regulations.
Current report
Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable to security breaches as the techniques used in attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases may not be detected. The risk of a data breach or security failure, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, has generally increased due to the rise in new technologies, such as ransomware and generative artificial intelligence and other machine learning techniques (“AI”), and the increasing sophistication and activities of the perpetrators of attempted attacks and intrusions, including as a result of the intensification of state-sponsored cybersecurity attacks during periods of geopolitical conflict. The rapid evolution and increased adoption of AI by us and our third-party service providers may also heighten our cybersecurity risks by making cyber-attacks more difficult to detect, contain and mitigate.
Current report
***The use of AI presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact us.***We intend to continue to adopt and integrate AI tools into our operations to enhance efficiencies and streamline existing systems. However, the development and maintenance of AI tools may entail substantial risks. While these tools hold promise in optimizing processes and driving efficiencies, as with many technological innovations, they also pose inherent risks. These include, but are not limited to, the potential for inaccuracy, bias, intellectual property infringement, or misappropriation, as well as concerns regarding data privacy and cyber security.
Reworded paragraphs (15)
Previous wording
The termination of our third-party lending program could adversely affect us. S&F currently relies exclusively on its third-party lending program for all loan origination and servicing activity. As a result, the termination of our third-party lending program could impact our ability to continue with our home financing activities.
Current wording
The termination of our third-party lending program could adversely affect us. S&F currently relies exclusively on its third-party lending program for all loan origination and servicing activity. As a result, the termination of our third-party lending program could impact our ability to continue with our home financing activities. In the event the third-party lending program is terminated, either by the third party or by us, we would seek to develop an internal lending program so that we could continue to offer home financing to prospective residents of our communities. Such an internal lending program could expose us to additional risks, including additional risks associated with non-compliance with requirements imposed by federal and state consumer finance laws and regulations.
Previous wording
Rent control legislation may harm our ability to increase rents. State and local rent control laws in certain jurisdictions may limit our ability to increase rents and to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. In 2019, the State of New York enacted the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019, which, among other things, set maximum collectible rent increases. Rent control also affects three of our manufactured home communities in New Jersey. Enactment of such laws has been considered at various times in other jurisdictions. We presently expect to continue to maintain properties, and may purchase additional properties, in markets that are either subject to rent control or in which rent related legislation exists or may be enacted.
Current wording
Rent control legislation may harm our ability to increase rents. State and local rent control laws in certain jurisdictions may limit our ability to increase rents and to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. In 2019, the State of New York enacted the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019, which, among other things, set maximum collectible rent increases. Rent control also currently affects three of our manufactured home communities in New Jersey and, effective March 1, 2026, statewide rent control will limit rent increases on all of our New Jersey manufactured home communities. Enactment of such laws has been considered at various times in other jurisdictions. We presently expect to continue to maintain properties, and may purchase additional properties, in markets that are either subject to rent control or in which rent-related legislation exists or may be enacted.
Previous wording
Of the 139 manufactured home communities we operated as of December 31, 2024, 45 have their own wastewater treatment facility or water distribution system, or both. At these locations, we are subject to compliance with monthly, quarterly and yearly testing for contaminants as outlined by the individual state’s environmental protection agencies.
Current wording
Of the 145 manufactured home communities we operated as of December 31, 2025, 47 have their own wastewater treatment facility or water distribution system, or both. At these locations, we are subject to compliance with monthly, quarterly and yearly testing for contaminants as outlined by the individual state’s environmental protection agencies.
Previous wording
Our joint venture relationship with Nuveen Real Estate may subject us to risks, including limitations on our decision-making authority and the risk of disputes, which could adversely affect us. We have entered into joint venture arrangements with Nuveen Real Estate to acquire manufactured home communities that are recently developed or under development. It is possible that our joint venture partner, Nuveen Real Estate, may have business interests, goals, priorities or concerns that are different from our business interests, goals, priorities or concerns. Although we manage the joint venture entities and their properties, we do not have full control over decisions and require approval of Nuveen Real Estate for major decisions. As a result, we may face the risk of disputes, including potential deadlocks in making decisions. In addition, the joint venture agreements provide that until the capital contributions to the joint venture entities are fully funded or the joint venture is terminated, and unless Nuveen declines an acquisition proposed by us, the joint venture will be the exclusive vehicle for us to acquire any manufactured home communities that meet the joint venture’s investment guidelines. Nuveen Real Estate will have the right to remove and replace us as managing member of the joint venture entities and manager of the joint venture’s properties if we breach certain obligations or certain events occur, in which event Nuveen Real Estate may elect to buy out our interest in the applicable joint venture entity at 98% of its value. There are also significant restrictions on our ability to exit the joint venture. Any of these provisions could adversely affect us.
Current wording
Our joint venture relationship with Nuveen Real Estate may subject us to risks, including limitations on our decision-making authority and the risk of disputes, which could adversely affect us. We have entered into joint venture arrangements with Nuveen Real Estate under which we operate three manufactured home communities that are recently developed. It is possible that our joint venture partner, Nuveen Real Estate, may have business interests, goals, priorities or concerns that are different from our business interests, goals, priorities or concerns. Although we manage the joint venture entities and their properties, we do not have full control over decisions and require approval of Nuveen Real Estate for major decisions. As a result, we may face the risk of disputes, including potential deadlocks in making decisions. In addition, the joint venture agreements provide that until the capital contributions to the joint venture entities are fully funded or the joint ventures are terminated, and unless Nuveen declines an acquisition proposed by us, the joint ventures will be the exclusive vehicle for us to acquire any manufactured home communities that meet the joint venture’s investment guidelines. Nuveen Real Estate will have the right to remove and replace us as managing member of the joint venture entities and manager of the joint venture’s properties if we breach certain obligations or certain events occur, in which event Nuveen Real Estate may elect to buy out our interest in the applicable joint venture entity at 98% of its value. There are also significant restrictions on our ability to exit the joint ventures. Any of these provisions could adversely affect us.
Previous wording
We are subject to risks associated with the current interest rate environment, and changesin interest rates may affect our cost of capital and, consequently, our financial results***.*** Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility, may slow economic growth and/or cause a recession, and may affect our ability to complete potential acquisitions. Because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, in periods of rising interest rates, such as the current interest rate environment, our cost of funds would increase, which could adversely affect our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations, ability to make distributions to shareholders, and the cost of refinancing. and reduce our access to the debt or equity capital markets. Increased interest rates could also adversely affect the value of our properties to the extent that it decreases the amount buyers may be willing to pay for our properties and could result in the decline of the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock and Common Stock and any other securities we issue, which may adversely impact our ability and willingness to raise equity capital on favorable terms, including through our At-the-Market Sale Programs (as defined below). Additionally, if we choose to hedge any interest rate risk, we cannot assure that any such hedge will be effective or that our hedging counterparty will meet its obligations to us. As a result, increased interest rates, including any future increases in interest rates, could adversely affect us.
Current wording
We are subject to risks associated with the current interest rate environment, and changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and, consequently, our financial results. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility, may slow economic growth and/or cause a recession, and may affect our ability to complete potential acquisitions. Because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, in periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could adversely affect our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations, ability to make distributions to shareholders, and the cost of refinancing and reduce our access to the debt or equity capital markets. Increased interest rates could also adversely affect the value of our properties to the extent that it decreases the amount buyers may be willing to pay for our properties and could result in the decline of the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock and Common Stock and any other securities we issue, which may adversely impact our ability and willingness to raise equity capital on favorable terms, including through our At-the-Market Sale Programs (as defined below). Additionally, if we choose to hedge any interest rate risk, we cannot assure that any such hedge will be effective or that our hedging counterparty will meet its obligations to us. As a result, increased interest rates, including any future increases in interest rates, could adversely affect us.
Previous wording
We may be adversely affected if we fail to qualify as a REIT*.*If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be allowed to deduct distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income and will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates and possibly increased state and local taxes. In addition, we might be barred from qualification as a REIT for the four years following the year of disqualification. The additional tax incurred at regular corporate rates would reduce significantly the cash flow available for distribution to shareholders and for debt service. Furthermore, we would no longer be required to make any distributions to our shareholders as a condition to REIT qualification. Any distributions to shareholders would be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, although such dividend distributions to non-corporate shareholders would be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% (and potentially a federal tax on net investment income of 3.8%), provided applicable requirements of the Code are satisfied. Furthermore, corporate shareholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction on the distributions, subject to limitations under the Code. Additionally, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, non-corporate shareholders would no longer be able to deduct up to 20% of our dividends (other than capital gain dividends and dividends treated as qualified dividend income), as would otherwise generally be permitted for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026.
Current wording
We may be adversely affected if we fail to qualify as a REIT*.*If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be allowed to deduct distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income and will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates and possibly increased state and local taxes. In addition, we might be barred from qualification as a REIT for the four years following the year of disqualification. The additional tax incurred at regular corporate rates would reduce significantly the cash flow available for distribution to shareholders and for debt service. Furthermore, we would no longer be required to make any distributions to our shareholders as a condition to REIT qualification. Any distributions to shareholders would be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, although such dividend distributions to non-corporate shareholders would be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% (and potentially a federal tax on net investment income of 3.8%), provided applicable requirements of the Code are satisfied. Furthermore, corporate shareholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction on the distributions, subject to limitations under the Code. Additionally, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, non-corporate shareholders would no longer be able to deduct up to 20% of certain qualified REIT dividends (other than capital gain dividends and dividends treated as qualified dividend income), that is available under current law. While initially scheduled to expire in 2025, recent legislation has made this deduction permanent.
Previous wording
There is a risk of changes in the tax law applicable to REITs. Because the IRS, the U.S. Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, we cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Numerous changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws are proposed on a regular basis. Any of such legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and, therefore, may adversely affect taxation of us and/or our investors. Additionally, the REIT rules are continually under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, which may result in revisions to regulations and interpretations in addition to statutory changes. Furthermore, members of the U.S. Congress and the Trump administration have expressed intent to pass legislation to change or repeal parts of currently enacted tax law, including, in particular, legislation that will increase corporate tax rates from the current flat rate of 21%. If enacted, certain proposed changes could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results. Importantly, legislation has been proposed in several states specifically taxing REITs. If such legislation were to be enacted, our income from such states would be adversely impacted.
Current wording
There is a risk of changes in the tax law applicable to REITs. Because the IRS, the U.S. Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, we cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Numerous changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws are proposed on a regular basis. Any of such legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and, therefore, may adversely affect taxation of us and/or our investors. Additionally, the REIT rules are continually under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, which may result in revisions to regulations and interpretations in addition to statutory changes. Furthermore, legislative proposals to increase corporate tax rates or otherwise modify the U.S. federal income tax system are periodically introduced. The timing, likelihood and content of any such legislation are uncertain, and any enacted changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Importantly, legislation has been proposed in several states specifically taxing REITs. If such legislation were to be enacted, our income from such states would be adversely impacted.
Previous wording
***Global and regional economic conditions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth.***Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, slower growth or recession, tighter credit, higher interest rates and high unemployment could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth. In addition, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions could have a significant impact on our suppliers. Further, our business and properties could be materially adversely affected by changes in national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations) and their impact on macroeconomic conditions. Coupled with changes in Federal Reserve policies on interest rates and other economic disruptions, such circumstances may exacerbate inflation and adversely affect economic and market conditions, the level and volatility of real estate and securities prices and the liquidity of our investments. As military conflicts and related economic sanctions continue to evolve, it has become increasingly difficult to predict the impact of these events.
Current wording
***Global and regional economic conditions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth.***Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, slower growth or recession, tighter credit, higher interest rates and high unemployment could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth. In addition, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions could have a significant impact on our suppliers. Further, our business and properties could be materially adversely affected by changes in national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances and/or conflicts (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations, such as the ongoing disruption in the Middle East), the possibility of such conflicts widening, and their impact on macroeconomic conditions. Coupled with changes in Federal Reserve policies on interest rates and other economic disruptions, such circumstances may exacerbate inflation and adversely affect economic and market conditions, the level and volatility of real estate and securities prices and the liquidity of our investments. As military conflicts and related economic sanctions continue to evolve, it has become increasingly difficult to predict the impact of these events.
Previous wording
Further, Mr. Eugene W. Landy owns a 9.6% interest, Mr. Samuel A. Landy owns a 4.8% interest, Mr. Daniel Landy, who is also an officer of the Company and is Samuel A. Landy’s son, owns a 0.96% interest, and the Samuel Landy Family Limited Partnership (of which Daniel Landy is the sole general partner) owns a 0.96% interest inthe OZ Fund, that was formed by the Company in 2022. In addition, one of the Company’s independent directors owns a 0.96% interest in the OZ Fund.
Current wording
Further, Mr. Eugene W. Landy owns a 9.6% interest, Mr. Samuel A. Landy owns a 4.8% interest, Mr. Daniel Landy, who is also an officer of the Company and is Samuel A. Landy’s son, owns a 0.96% interest, and the Samuel Landy Family Limited Partnership (of which Daniel Landy is the sole general partner) owns a 0.96% interest in the OZ Fund, that was formed by the Company in 2022. In addition, one of the Company’s independent directors owns a 0.96% interest in the OZ Fund.
Previous wording
Third-party expectations relating to environmental, social and governance factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks. There is an increasing focus from certain investors concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to environmental, social and governance factors. In addition, there is an increased focus on such matters by various regulatory authorities, including the SEC, and the activities and expense required to comply with new regulations or standards may be significant. Some investors may use these factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. Third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports on companies have increased in number, resulting in varied and in some cases inconsistent standards. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ corporate responsibility practices are assessed and the regulations applicable thereto are evolving, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives or activities to satisfy such new criteria or regulations. Further, if we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria or do not meet the criteria of a specific third-party provider, some investors may conclude that our policies with respect to corporate responsibility are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. Furthermore, if our competitors’ corporate responsibility performance is perceived to be superior to ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest in our competitors instead of us. In addition, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of our initiatives and goals with respect to environmental, social and governance matters, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, our initiatives are not executed as planned, or we do not satisfy our goals, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected.
Current wording
Third-party expectations relating to sustainability initiatives may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks. There is an increasing focus from certain investors concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to sustainability initiatives. In addition, there is an increased focus on such matters by various regulatory authorities, including the SEC, and the activities and expense required to comply with new regulations or standards may be significant. Some investors may use these factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. Third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports on companies have increased in number, resulting in varied and in some cases inconsistent standards. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ corporate responsibility practices are assessed and the regulations applicable thereto are evolving, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives or activities to satisfy such new criteria or regulations. Further, if we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria or do not meet the criteria of a specific third-party provider, some investors may conclude that our policies with respect to corporate responsibility are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. Furthermore, if our competitors’ corporate responsibility performance is perceived to be superior to ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest in our competitors instead of us. In addition, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of our initiatives and goals with respect to environmental, social and governance matters, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, our initiatives are not executed as planned, or we do not satisfy our goals, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected.
Previous wording
***Dividends on our capital stock do not qualify for the reduced federal tax rates available for some dividends (i.e., they are not qualified dividends).***Income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at preferential rates. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Although these rules do not adversely affect our taxation or the dividends payable by us, to the extent that the preferential rates continue to apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive an investment in us to be relatively less attractive than an investment in the stock of a non-REIT corporation that pays qualified dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of, and per share trading price of, our capital stock. It should be noted that the TCJA provides for a deduction from income for individuals, trusts and estates up to 20% of certain REIT dividends, which reduces the effective tax rate on such dividends below the effective tax rate on interest, though the deduction is generally not as favorable as the preferential rate on qualified dividends. The deduction for certain REIT dividends, unlike the favorable rate for qualified dividends, currently expires after 2025.
Current wording
Dividends on our capital stock do not qualify for the reduced federal tax rates available for some dividends (i.e., they are not qualified dividends). Income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at preferential rates. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Although these rules do not adversely affect our taxation or the dividends payable by us, to the extent that the preferential rates continue to apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive an investment in us to be relatively less attractive than an investment in the stock of a non-REIT corporation that pays qualified dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of, and per share trading price of, our capital stock. It should be noted that the TCJA provides for a deduction from income for individuals, trusts and estates up to 20% of certain REIT dividends, which reduces the effective tax rate on such dividends below the effective tax rate on interest, though the deduction is generally not as favorable as the preferential rate on qualified dividends. While initially scheduled to expire in 2025, recent legislation has made this deduction permanent.
Previous wording
***We face risks relating to cybersecurity attacks which could adversely affect our business, cause loss of confidential information and disrupt operations.***We rely extensively on information technology to process transactions and manage our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our business information and that of our tenants, clients, vendors and employees on our network. This data is hosted on internal, as well as external, computer systems. Our external systems are hosted by third-party service providers that may have access to such information in connection with providing necessary information technology and security and other business services to us. This information may include personally identifiable information such as social security numbers, banking information and credit card information. We employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate potential breaches or disclosure of this confidential information. We have established a Cybersecurity Subcommittee of our Audit Committee to review and provide high level guidance on cybersecurity related issues of importance to the Company. We also maintain cyber risk insurance to provide some coverage for certain risks arising out of data and network breaches. While we continue to improve our cybersecurity and take measures to protect our business, we and our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers (including through malware, ransomware, computer viruses, and email phishing schemes) or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, fire, flood or other physical event, or other disruptions. Any such breach or disruption could compromise the confidential information of our employees, customers and vendors to the extent such information exists on our systems or on the systems of third-party providers. We may be unable to identify, investigate or remediate cyber events or incidents because attackers are increasingly using sophisticated techniques and tools (including generative artificial intelligence and other machine learning techniques) that can avoid detection, circumvent security controls, and even remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. Such an incident could result in potential liability or a loss of confidence and legal claims or proceedings; damage our reputation, competitiveness, stock price and long-term value; increase remediation, cybersecurity protection and insurance premium costs; disrupt and affect our business operations; or have material adverse effects on our business. There can be no assurance that our security measures taken to manage the risk of a security breach, cyber-attack or disruption will be effective or that attempted security breaches, cyber-attacks or disruptions would not be successful or damaging.
Current wording
***We face risks relating to cybersecurity attacks which could adversely affect our business, cause loss of confidential information and disrupt operations.***We rely extensively on information technology to process transactions and manage our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our business information and that of our tenants, clients, vendors and employees on our network. This data is hosted on internal, as well as external, computer systems. Our external systems are hosted by third-party service providers that may have access to such information in connection with providing necessary information technology and security and other business services to us. This information may include personally identifiable information such as social security numbers, banking information and credit card information. We employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate potential breaches or disclosure of this confidential information. We have established a Cybersecurity Subcommittee of our Audit Committee to review and provide high level guidance on cybersecurity related issues of importance to the Company. We also maintain cyber risk insurance to provide some coverage for certain risks arising out of data and network breaches. While we continue to improve our cybersecurity and take measures to protect our business, we and our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers (including through malware, ransomware, computer viruses, and email phishing schemes) or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, fire, flood or other physical event, or other disruptions. Any such breach or disruption could compromise the confidential information of our employees, customers and vendors to the extent such information exists on our systems or on the systems of third-party service providers.
Previous wording
As new technologies, including tools that harness generative artificial intelligence and other machine learning techniques, rapidly develop and become accessible, the use of such new technologies by us will present additional known and unknown risks, including, among others, the risk that confidential information may be stolen, misappropriated or disclosed and the risk that we may rely on incorrect, unclear or biased outputs generated by such technologies, any of which could have an adverse impact on us and our business.
Current wording
As new technologies, including tools that harness AI, rapidly develop and become accessible, the use of such new technologies by us will present additional known and unknown risks, including, among others, the risk that confidential information may be stolen, misappropriated or disclosed and the risk that we may rely on incorrect, unclear or biased outputs generated by such technologies, any of which could have an adverse impact on us and our business.
Previous wording
Our competitors may be larger, more diversified, better funded, and have access to more advanced technology, including AI. These competitive advantages may enable our competition to innovate better and more quickly, to compete more effectively, causing us to lose business and profitability. Burgeoning interest in AI may increase our competition and disrupt our business model. AI may lower barriers to entry in our industry and we may be unable to effectively compete with the products or services offered by new competitors. AI-related changes to the products and services may affect our customers’ expectations, requirements, or tastes in ways we cannot adequately anticipate or adapt to, causing our business to lose market share or affect our ability to operate profitably and sustainably.
Current wording
***We operate in an intensely competitive business environment. We may not be as successful as our competitors in keeping pace with developments in technology, including incorporating generative artificial intelligence and machine learning into our business, or adapting to a rapidly changing marketplace.***Our business continues to demand the use of sophisticated systems, software and technology, including AI. These systems, software and technologies must be refined, updated and replaced on a regular basis in order for us to meet our business requirements, our customers’ demands and expectations, and regulatory requirements. If we are unable to do so on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost, our business and/or operating results could be adversely affected. Our competitors may be larger, more diversified, better funded, and have access to more advanced technology, including AI. These competitive advantages may enable our competition to innovate better and more quickly, to compete more effectively, causing us to lose business and profitability. Burgeoning interest in AI may increase our competition and disrupt our business model. AI may lower barriers to entry in our industry and we may be unable to effectively compete with the products or services offered by new competitors. AI-related changes to the products and services may affect our customers’ expectations, requirements, or tastes in ways we cannot adequately anticipate or adapt to, causing our business to lose market share or affect our ability to operate profitably and sustainably.
Previous wording
Our OZ Fund may fail to qualify for the tax benefits available for investments in qualified opportunity zones under the detailed rules adopted by the Internal Revenue Service. Some aspects of the qualified opportunity zone rules adopted by the Internal Revenue Service remain uncertain. Legislation may be needed to clarify certain of the provisions in the qualified opportunity zone rules and to give proper effect to Congressional intent as expressed in the TCJA. No assurance can be provided that additional legislation will be enacted, and even if enacted, that such additional legislation will clearly address all items that require or would benefit from clarification. It is unclear if additional guidance will be released, or in what manner the Treasury Department will resolve any remaining areas of uncertainty. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that our OZ Fund will qualify under the qualified opportunity zone rules as a qualified opportunity zone fund or that the Company will be able to realize, through its investment in the fund, any of the desired tax benefits.
Current wording
***Our OZ Fund may fail to qualify for the tax benefits available for investments in qualified opportunity zones under the detailed rules adopted by the Internal Revenue Service.***Some aspects of the qualified opportunity zone rules adopted by the Internal Revenue Service remain uncertain. Legislation may be needed to clarify certain of the provisions in the qualified opportunity zone rules and to give proper effect to Congressional intent as expressed in the TCJA. No assurance can be provided that additional legislation will be enacted, and even if enacted, that such additional legislation will clearly address all items that require or would benefit from clarification. It is unclear whether additional guidance will be released, or in what manner the Treasury Department will resolve any remaining areas of uncertainty. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that our OZ Fund will qualify under the qualified opportunity zone rules as a qualified opportunity zone fund or that the Company will be able to realize, through its investment in the fund, any of the desired tax benefits.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Such an incident could result in potential liability or a loss of confidence and legal claims or proceedings; damage our reputation, competitiveness, stock price and long-term value; increase remediation, cybersecurity protection and insurance premium costs; disrupt and affect our business operations; or have material adverse effects on our business. Further, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to enhance information security measures and internal processes and procedures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. There can be no assurance that our security measures taken to manage the risk of a security breach, cyber-attack or disruption will be effective or that attempted security breaches, cyber-attacks or disruptions would not be successful or damaging.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
We operate in an intensely competitive business environment. We may not be as successful as our competitors incorporating AI into our business or adapting to a rapidly changing marketplace.