Sunrun Inc
For the period ended Jun 30, 2024. Filed Aug 6, 2024.
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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Jun 30, 2024 · Filed Aug 6, 2024
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-03-31; filed 2024-05-08.
0001469367-24-000092
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-06-30; filed 2024-08-06.
0001469367-24-000146
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 102 previous paragraphs and 121 current paragraphs.
73 unchanged; 28 reworded; 9 added; 1 removed; 0 previous and 11 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 13 previous and 18 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (9)
Current report
The Cost of solar energy systems and product sales increased to 96% of revenue from solar energy systems and product sales during the three months ended June 30, 2024, from 94% during the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily as the result of sales price increases lagging cost increases, as well as reduced pricing realized in our distribution business.
Current report
General and Administrative Expense. The $3.8 million increase in General and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount driving higher employee compensation costs. Additionally, there were increases related to information technology related consulting costs, when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Current report
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Current report
Revenue
Current report
Operating Expenses
Current report
General and Administrative Expense. The $1.8 million increase in General and administrative expenses was primarily related to an increase in information technology related consulting costs, when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Current report
Non-Operating Expenses, net
Current report
Income Tax Benefit
Current report
The decrease in income tax benefit of $27.8 million is primarily attributable to the reduction of losses allocable to the controlling interests, offset by increased benefit from transferring investment tax credits and a reduced expense related to the valuation allowance.
Removed paragraphs (1)
Previous report
General and Administrative Expense. The $2.0 million decrease in General and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease of $1.341 million in amortization of intangibles from the prior period, as the intangibles were fully amortized in 2023.
Reworded paragraphs (28)
Previous wording
We have experienced substantial growth in our business and operations since our inception in 2007, as well as through our acquisition of Vivint Solar on October 8, 2020. As of March 31, 2024, we operate the largest fleet of residential solar energy systems in the United States. We have a Networked Solar Energy Capacity of 6,873 megawatts as of March 31, 2024, which represents the aggregate megawatt production capacity of our solar energy systems that have been recognized as deployments, from our inception through the measurement date. Gross Earning Assets as of March 31, 2024 were approximately $15.0 billion. Please see the section entitled “Key Operating Metrics” for more details on how we calculate Networked Solar Energy Capacity and Gross Earning Assets.
Current wording
We have experienced substantial growth in our business and operations since our inception in 2007, as well as through our acquisition of Vivint Solar on October 8, 2020. As of June 30, 2024, we operate the largest fleet of residential solar energy systems in the United States. We have a Networked Solar Energy Capacity of 7,058 megawatts as of June 30, 2024, which represents the aggregate megawatt production capacity of our solar energy systems that have been recognized as deployments, from our inception through the measurement date. Gross Earning Assets as of June 30, 2024 were approximately $15.7 billion. Please see the section entitled “Key Operating Metrics” for more details on how we calculate Networked Solar Energy Capacity and Gross Earning Assets.
Previous wording
As of March 31, 2024, we had 65 active investment funds, which are described below. We have established different types of investment funds to implement our asset monetization strategy. Depending on the nature of the investment fund, cash may be contributed to the investment fund by the investor upfront or in stages based on milestones associated with the design, construction or interconnection status of the solar energy systems. The cash contributed by the fund investor is used by the investment fund to purchase solar energy systems. The investment funds either own or enter into a master lease with a Sunrun subsidiary for the solar energy systems, Customer Agreements and associated incentives. We receive on-going cash distributions from the investment funds representing a portion of the monthly customer payments received. We use the upfront cash, as well as on-going distributions to cover our costs associated with designing, purchasing and installing the solar energy systems. In addition, we also use debt, equity and other financing strategies to fund our operations. The allocation of the economic benefits between us and the fund investor and the corresponding accounting treatment varies depending on the structure of the investment fund.
Current wording
As of June 30, 2024, we had 62 active investment funds, which are described below. We have established different types of investment funds to implement our asset monetization strategy. Depending on the nature of the investment fund, cash may be contributed to the investment fund by the investor upfront or in stages based on milestones associated with the design, construction or interconnection status of the solar energy systems. The cash contributed by the fund investor is used by the investment fund to purchase solar energy systems. The investment funds either own or enter into a master lease with a Sunrun subsidiary for the solar energy systems, Customer Agreements and associated incentives. We receive on-going cash distributions from the investment funds representing a portion of the monthly customer payments received. We use the upfront cash, as well as on-going distributions to cover our costs associated with designing, purchasing and installing the solar energy systems. In addition, we also use debt, equity and other financing strategies to fund our operations. The allocation of the economic benefits between us and the fund investor and the corresponding accounting treatment varies depending on the structure of the investment fund.
Previous wording
We currently utilize three legal structures in our investment funds, which we refer to as: (i) pass-through financing obligations, (ii) partnership flips and (iii) joint venture (“JV”) inverted leases. We reflect pass-through financing obligations on our consolidated balance sheet as a pass-through financing obligation. We record the investor’s interest in partnership flips or JV inverted leases (which we define collectively as “consolidated joint ventures”) as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. These consolidated joint ventures are usually redeemable at our option and, in certain cases, at the investor’s option. If redemption is at our option or the consolidated joint ventures are not redeemable, we record the investor’s interest as a noncontrolling interest and account for the interest using the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. If the investor has the option to put their interest to us, we record the investor’s interest as a redeemable noncontrolling interest at the greater of the HLBV and the redemption value.
Current wording
We currently utilize two legal structures in our investment funds, which we refer to as: (i) pass-through financing obligations, and (ii) partnership flips. We reflect pass-through financing obligations on our consolidated balance sheet as a pass-through financing obligation. We record the investor’s interest in partnership flips as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. If redemption is at our option, we record the investor’s interest as a noncontrolling interest and account for the interest using the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. If the investor has the option to put their interest to us, we record the investor’s interest as a redeemable noncontrolling interest at the greater of the HLBV and the redemption value.
Previous wording
◦Gross Earning Assets Contracted Period represents the present value of the remaining net cash flows (discounted at 6%) during the initial term of our Customer Agreements as of the measurement date. It is calculated as the present value of cash flows (discounted at 6%) we expect to receive from Subscribers in future periods, after deducting expected operating and maintenance costs based on the service agreements underlying each fund, equipment replacements costs, distributions to tax equity partners in consolidated joint venture partnership flip structures, and distributions to project equity investors. We include cash flows we expect to receive in future periods from tax equity partners, government incentive and rebate programs, contracted sales of solar renewable energy credits, and awarded net cash flows from grid service programs with utility or grid operators.
Current wording
◦Gross Earning Assets Contracted Period represents the present value of the remaining net cash flows (discounted at 6%) during the initial term of our Customer Agreements as of the measurement date. It is calculated as the present value of cash flows (discounted at 6%) we expect to receive from Subscribers in future periods, after deducting expected operating and maintenance costs based on the service agreements underlying each fund, equipment replacements costs, distributions to tax equity partners in partnership flip structures, and distributions to project equity investors. We include cash flows we expect to receive in future periods from tax equity partners, government incentive and rebate programs, contracted sales of solar renewable energy credits, and awarded net cash flows from grid service programs with utility or grid operators.
Previous wording
Gross Earning Assets is forecasted as of a specific date. It is forward-looking, and we use judgment in developing the assumptions used to calculate it. Factors that could impact Gross Earning Assets include, but are not limited to, customer payment defaults, or declines in utility rates or early termination of a contract in certain circumstances, including prior to installation. We believe it is useful for investors to evaluate the future expected cash flows from all customers that have been deployed through the respective measurement date, less estimated costs to maintain such systems and estimated distributions to tax equity partners in consolidated joint venture partnership flip structures, and distributions to project equity investors. Various assumptions are made when calculating these metrics. Gross Earning Assets utilize a 6% unlevered discount rate (weighted average cost of capital or “WACC”) to discount future cash flows to the present period. Furthermore, this metric assumes that customers renew after the initial contract period at a rate equal to 90% of the rate in effect at the end of the initial contract term. For Customer Agreements with 25-year initial contract terms, a 5-year renewal period is assumed. For a 20-year initial contract term, a 10-year renewal period is assumed. In all instances, we assume a 30-year customer relationship, although the customer may renew for additional years, or purchase the system. Estimated cost of servicing assets has been deducted and is estimated based on the service agreements underlying each fund.
Current wording
Gross Earning Assets is forecasted as of a specific date. It is forward-looking, and we use judgment in developing the assumptions used to calculate it. Factors that could impact Gross Earning Assets include, but are not limited to, customer payment defaults, or declines in utility rates or early termination of a contract in certain circumstances, including prior to installation. We believe it is useful for investors to evaluate the future expected cash flows from all customers that have been deployed through the respective measurement date, less estimated costs to maintain such systems and estimated distributions to tax equity partners in partnership flip structures, and distributions to project equity investors. Various assumptions are made when calculating these metrics. Gross Earning Assets utilize a 6% unlevered discount rate (weighted average cost of capital or “WACC”) to discount future cash flows to the present period. Furthermore, this metric assumes that customers renew after the initial contract period at a rate equal to 90% of the rate in effect at the end of the initial contract term. For Customer Agreements with 25-year initial contract terms, a 5-year renewal period is assumed. For a 20-year initial contract term, a 10-year renewal period is assumed. In all instances, we assume a 30-year customer relationship, although the customer may renew for additional years, or purchase the system. Estimated cost of servicing assets has been deducted and is estimated based on the service agreements underlying each fund.
Previous wording
Consideration from customers is considered variable due to the performance guarantee under Customer Agreements and liquidated damage provisions under SREC contracts in the event minimum deliveries are not achieved. Customer Agreements with a performance guarantee provide a credit to the customer if the system’s cumulative production, as measured on various PTO anniversary dates, is below our guarantee of a specified minimum. Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of such revenue will not occur. If our estimate of the future production shortfall amount for Customer Agreements with a performance guarantee was 10% higher, the additional reduction to revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2024 would have been less than $3.4 million. Our estimated production shortfall reduced revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 by less than $8.3 million more than the prior year’s period. We have historically estimated an immaterial amount of liquidated damages pursuant to SREC contracts, and actual damages have not been materially different from estimates, nor material in amount during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Current wording
Consideration from customers is considered variable due to the performance guarantee under Customer Agreements and liquidated damage provisions under SREC contracts in the event minimum deliveries are not achieved. Customer Agreements with a performance guarantee provide a credit to the customer if the system’s cumulative production, as measured on various PTO anniversary dates, is below our guarantee of a specified minimum. Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of such revenue will not occur. If our estimate of the future production shortfall amount for Customer Agreements with a performance guarantee was 10% higher, the additional reduction to revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2024 would have been less than $3.6 million. Our estimated production shortfall reduced revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2024 by less than $7.9 million more than the prior year’s period. We have historically estimated an immaterial amount of liquidated damages pursuant to SREC contracts, and actual damages have not been materially different from estimates, nor material in amount during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Previous wording
The carrying values of our long-lived assets, including solar energy systems, are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Factors that we consider in deciding when to perform an impairment review would include significant negative industry or economic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in our use of the assets. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of the carrying value of each asset group to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining life. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, we amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no indicators of impairment and therefore no cash flow analysis was performed.
Current wording
The carrying values of our long-lived assets, including solar energy systems, are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Factors that we consider in deciding when to perform an impairment review would include significant negative industry or economic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in our use of the assets. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of the carrying value of each asset group to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining life. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, we amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no indicators of impairment and therefore no cash flow analysis was performed.
Previous wording
Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. Revenue from solar energy systems sales decreased by $163.8 million compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in the proportion of customers choosing to enter into a Customer Agreement versus purchasing a system outright using a loan, likely due to increased interest rates. Product sales decreased by $44.3 million, primarily due to the lower average sales price of solar energy products, as well as lower sales volume of solar energy products to installers of solar energy systems compared to the prior year, due to easing of supply chain constraints.
Current wording
Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. Revenue from solar energy systems sales decreased by $147.2 million compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in the proportion of customers choosing to enter into a Customer Agreement versus purchasing a system outright using a loan, likely due to increased interest rates. Product sales decreased by $4.8 million, primarily due to the lower average sales price of solar energy products, as well as lower sales volume of solar energy products to installers of solar energy systems compared to the prior year, due to easing of supply chain constraints.
Previous wording
The Cost of customer agreements and incentives decreased to 83% of revenue from customer agreements and incentives during the three months ended March 31, 2024, from 96% during the three months ended March 31, 2023. This decrease is primarily due to customer pricing increases catching up to costs.
Current wording
The Cost of customer agreements and incentives decreased to 77% of revenue from customer agreements and incentives during the three months ended June 30, 2024, from 89% during the three months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease is primarily due to customer pricing increases catching up to costs.
Previous wording
Cost of Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. The $163.9 million decrease in Cost of solar energy systems and product sales was primarily due to the corresponding net decrease in the solar energy systems and product sales discussed above.
Current wording
Cost of Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. The $140.4 million decrease in Cost of solar energy systems and product sales was primarily due to the corresponding net decrease in the solar energy systems and product sales discussed above.
Previous wording
Sales and Marketing Expense. The $50.6 million decrease in Sales and marketing expense was primarily attributable to decreases in headcount driving lower employee compensation and costs to acquire customers through our sales lead generating partners. Included in Sales and marketing expense is $17.0 million and $12.2 million of amortization of costs to obtain Customer Agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current wording
Sales and Marketing Expense. The $43.2 million decrease in Sales and marketing expense was primarily attributable to decreases in headcount driving lower employee compensation and costs to acquire customers through our sales lead generating partners. Included in Sales and marketing expense is $17.3 million and $13.8 million of amortization of costs to obtain Customer Agreements for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Previous wording
Interest Expense, net. The increase in Interest expense, net of $49.5 million was primarily related to additional non-recourse debt entered into subsequent to March 31, 2023. Included in net interest expenseis $8.4 million and $7.5 million of non-cash interest recognized under Customer Agreements that have a significant financing component for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current wording
Interest Expense, net. The increase in Interest expense, net of $50.0 million was primarily related to additional non-recourse debt entered into subsequent to June 30, 2023. Included in net interest expenseis$8.6 million and $7.6 million of non-cash interest recognized under Customer Agreements that have a significant financing component for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Previous wording
The decrease in income tax benefit of $57.4 million is primarily attributable to decreased loss allocable to the controlling interest and an increase in valuation allowance on federal net operating losses in the current year compared to prior year.
Current wording
The increase in income tax benefit of $29.6 million is primarily attributable to a benefit from transferring investment tax credits and a reduced expense related to the valuation allowance on federal net operating losses in the current year compared to prior year.
Previous wording
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests was primarily the result of an addition of five new investment funds since March 31, 2023, for which the HLBV method was used in determining the amount of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Investment funds generally allocate more loss to the noncontrolling interest in the first several years after fund formation.
Current wording
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests was primarily the result of an addition of 7 new investment funds since June 30, 2023, for which the HLBV method was used in determining the amount of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Investment funds generally allocate more loss to the noncontrolling interest in the first several years after fund formation.
Previous wording
Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $79.0 million increase in Revenue from customer agreements was primarily due to new systems placed in service in the period from April 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024, plus a full three months of revenue recognized in 2024 for systems placed in service in the first three months of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such revenue related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023. Revenue from incentives consisted primarily of sales of SRECs. The $2.6 million decrease related to the timing and volume of SREC sales which were responsive to market conditions.
Current wording
Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $162.6 million increase in Revenue from customer agreements was primarily due to new systems placed in service in the period from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, plus a full six months of revenue recognized in 2024 for systems placed in service in the first six months of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such revenue related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023. Revenue from incentives consisted primarily of sales of SRECs. The $0.5 million decrease related to the timing and volume of SREC sales which were responsive to market conditions.
Previous wording
Cost of Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $32.6 million increase in Cost of customer agreements and incentives was primarily due to the new systems placed in service in the period from April 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024, plus a full three months of costs recognized in 2024 for systems placed in service in the three months of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such expenses related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023.
Current wording
Cost of Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $62.6 million increase in Cost of customer agreements and incentives was primarily due to the new systems placed in service in the period from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, plus a full six months of costs recognized in 2024 for systems placed in service in the six months of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such expenses related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023.
Previous wording
The Cost of solar energy systems and product sales increased to 115% of revenue from solar energy systems and product sales during the three months ended March 31, 2024, from 93% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as the result of a $22.1 million increase in inventory reserves related to the wind-down of the AEE Solar operations.
Current wording
The Cost of solar energy systems and product sales increased to 106% of revenue from solar energy systems and product sales during the six months ended June 30, 2024, from 94% during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily as the result of a $22.1 million increase in inventory reserves related to the wind-down of the AEE Solar operations.
Previous wording
Research and Development Expense. The $7.5 million increase in Research and development expense was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount driving higher employee compensation costs, as well as an increase in support related consulting costs.
Current wording
Research and Development Expense. The $13.2 million increase in Research and development expense was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount driving higher employee compensation costs, as well as an increase in support related consulting costs.
Previous wording
Other Income (Expense), net. The increase in other income (expense), net of $114.9 million related primarily to gains on derivatives, as well as a $30.9 million gain on extinguishment of debt mainly related to the repurchase of convertible senior notes recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2024, with no such comparable activity in the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Current wording
Other Income, net. The increase in Other income, net of $138.2 million related primarily to gains on extinguishment of debt mainly recognized in the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024, with no such comparable activity in the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Previous wording
As of March 31, 2024, we had cash of $487.3 million, which consisted of cash held in checking and savings accounts with financial institutions. We finance our operations mainly through a variety of financing fund arrangements that we have formed with fund investors, cash generated from our sources of revenue and borrowings from secured credit facilities arrangements with syndicates of banks and from secured, long-term non-recourse loan arrangements. In 2023, we received $1.0 billion of new commitments on secured credit facilities arrangements with syndicates of banks and $0.8 billion of commitments from secured, long-term non-recourse loan arrangements. Our principal uses of cash are funding our business, including the costs of acquisition and installation of solar energy systems, satisfaction of our obligations under our debt instruments and other working capital requirements. As of March 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings of $387.0 million on our $447.5 million credit facility maturing in November 2025. In February 2024, we amended one of our subsidiary’s senior secured credit facility to, among other things, increase the total commitments from $1.8 billion to $2.4 billion and extend the maturity date from April 2025 to April 2028. In February 2024, we amended our bank line of credit to, among other things, reduce the total commitments from $600.0 million to $447.5 million, and to extend the maturity date from January 2025 to November 2025. This maturity date can be further extended to March 2027, if we meet certain liquidity tests as of September 30, 2024.
Current wording
As of June 30, 2024, we had cash of $707.6 million, which consisted of cash held in checking and savings accounts with financial institutions. We finance our operations mainly through a variety of financing fund arrangements that we have formed with fund investors, cash generated from our sources of revenue and borrowings from secured credit facilities arrangements with syndicates of banks and from secured, long-term non-recourse loan arrangements. In 2023, we received $1.0 billion of new commitments on secured credit facilities arrangements with syndicates of banks and $0.8 billion of commitments from secured, long-term non-recourse loan arrangements. Our principal uses of cash are funding our business, including the costs of acquisition and installation of solar energy systems, satisfaction of our obligations under our debt instruments and other working capital requirements. As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings of $390.9 million on our $447.5 million credit facility maturing in November 2025. In February 2024, we amended one of our subsidiary’s senior secured credit facility to, among other things, increase the total commitments from $1.8 billion to $2.4 billion and extend the maturity date from April 2025 to April 2028. In February 2024, we amended our bank line of credit to, among other things, reduce the total commitments from $600.0 million to $447.5 million, and to extend the maturity date from January 2025 to November 2025. This maturity date can be further extended to March 2027, if we meet certain liquidity tests as of September 30, 2024.
Previous wording
Additionally, we have purchase commitments, which have the ability to be canceled without significant penalties, with multiple suppliers to purchase $280.4 million of photovoltaic modules, inverters and batteries by the end of the first quarter of 2025. In February 2024, we issued $475.0 million of convertible senior notes with a maturity date of March 1, 2030, for net proceeds of approximately $470.1 million. Our business model requires substantial outside financing arrangements to grow the business and facilitate the deployment of additional solar energy systems. The solar energy systems that are operational are expected to generate a positive return rate over the term of the Customer Agreement, typically 20 or 25 years. However, in order to grow, we will continue to be dependent on financing from outside parties. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms if and when needed, we may be required to reduce planned spending, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. While there can be no assurances, we anticipate raising additional required capital from new and existing investors. We believe our cash, investment fund commitments and available borrowings as further described below will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances, and available credit via our credit facilities. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Current wording
Additionally, we have purchase commitments, which have the ability to be canceled without significant penalties, with multiple suppliers to purchase $196.0 million of photovoltaic modules, inverters and batteries by the end of the first quarter of 2025. In February 2024, we issued $475.0 million of convertible senior notes with a maturity date of March 1, 2030, for net proceeds of approximately $470.1 million. Our business model requires substantial outside financing arrangements to grow the business and facilitate the deployment of additional solar energy systems. The solar energy systems that are operational are expected to generate a positive return rate over the term of the Customer Agreement, typically 20 or 25 years. However, in order to grow, we will continue to be dependent on financing from outside parties. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms if and when needed, we may be required to reduce planned spending, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. While there can be no assurances, we anticipate raising additional required capital from new and existing investors. We believe our cash, investment fund commitments and available borrowings as further described below will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances, and available credit via our credit facilities. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we used $143.1 million in net cash from operating activities. The driver of our operating cash outflow consisted of the cost of our revenue, as well as sales, marketing and general and administrative costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our operating cash outflows were $151.0 million from our net loss excluding non-cash and non-operating items. Changes in working capital resulted in a net cash outflow of $7.9 million.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we used $351.6 million in net cash from operating activities. The driver of our operating cash outflow consisted of the cost of our revenue, as well as sales, marketing and general and administrative costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, our operating cash outflows were $238.3 million from our net loss excluding non-cash and non-operating items. Changes in working capital resulted in a net cash outflow of $113.3 million.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we used $439.3 million in net cash from operating activities. The driver of our operating cash outflow consisted of the cost of our revenue, as well as sales, marketing and general and administrative costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our operating cash outflows were $190.7 million from our net loss excluding non-cash and non-operating items. Changes in working capital resulted in a net cash inflow of $248.6 million.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we used $641.5 million in net cash from operating activities. The driver of our operating cash outflow consisted of the cost of our revenue, as well as sales, marketing and general and administrative costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our operating cash outflows were $348.4 million from our net loss excluding non-cash and non-operating items. Changes in working capital resulted in a net cash inflow of $293.1 million.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we used $535.4 million in cash in investing activities. The majority was used to design, acquire and install solar energy systems and components under our long-term Customer Agreements.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we used $1.1 billion in cash in investing activities. The majority was used to design, acquire and install solar energy systems and components under our long-term Customer Agreements.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we used $510.3 million in cash in investing activities. The majority was used to design, acquire and install solar energy systems and components under our long-term Customer Agreements.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we used $1.2 billion in cash in investing activities. The majority was used to design, acquire and install solar energy systems and components under our long-term Customer Agreements.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we generated $473.9 million from financing activities. This was primarily driven by $71.3 million in net proceeds from fund investors, $409.4 million in net proceeds from debt and $1.1 million in net proceeds from stock-based awards activity, offset by $1.2 million in acquisition of noncontrolling interests and $6.7 million in repayments under finance lease obligations.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we generated $1,550.3 million from financing activities. This was primarily driven by $376.8 million in net proceeds from fund investors, $1,191.0 million in net proceeds from debt and $11.0 million in net proceeds from stock-based awards activity, offset by $19.9 million in acquisition of noncontrolling interests and $13.8 million in repayments under finance lease obligations.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we generated $839.8 million from financing activities. This was primarily driven by $335.9 million in net proceeds from fund investors, $510.3 million in net proceeds from debt, $4.0 million in proceeds from state tax credits, net of recapture and $1.3 million in net proceeds from stock-based awards activity, offset by $7.2 million in acquisition of noncontrolling interests and $4.5 million in repayments under finance lease obligations.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated $1.8 billion from financing activities. This was primarily driven by $640.5 million in net proceeds from fund investors, $1.2 billion in net proceeds from debt, $4.0 million in proceeds from state tax credits, net of recapture and $13.9 million in net proceeds from stock-based awards activity, offset by $14.2 million in acquisition of noncontrolling interests and $10.8 million in repayments under finance lease obligations.
Previous wording
As of March 31, 2024, we had committed and available capital of approximately$182.6 million that may only be used to purchase and install solar energy systems. We intend to establish new investment funds in the future, and we may also use debt, equity or other financing strategies to finance our business. For a discussion of the terms and conditions of debt instruments and changes thereof in the period, refer to Note 8, Indebtedness, to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Current wording
As of June 30, 2024, we had committed and available capital of approximately$539.9 million that may only be used to purchase and install solar energy systems. We intend to establish new investment funds in the future, and we may also use debt, equity or other financing strategies to finance our business. For a discussion of the terms and conditions of debt instruments and changes thereof in the period, refer to Note 8, Indebtedness, to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Rearranged current paragraphs (11)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $83.6 million increase in Revenue from customer agreements was primarily due to new systems placed in service in the period from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, plus a full quarter of revenue recognized in 2024 for systems placed in service in the second quarter of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such revenue related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023. Revenue from incentives consisted primarily of sales of SRECs. The $2.1 million increase related to the timing and volume of SREC sales which were responsive to market conditions.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Cost of Customer Agreements and Incentives. The $30.0 million increase in Cost of customer agreements and incentives was primarily due to the new systems placed in service in the period from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, plus a full quarter of costs recognized in the second quarter of 2024 for systems placed in service in the second quarter of 2023 versus only a partial amount of such expenses related to the period in which the assets were in service in 2023.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Research and Development Expense. The $5.7 million increase in Research and development expense was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount driving higher employee compensation costs.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Other Income, net. The increase in other income, net of $23.3 million related primarily to gains on extinguishment of debt, with no such comparable activity in the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. Revenue from solar energy systems sales decreased by $311.0 million compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in the proportion of customers choosing to enter into a Customer Agreement versus purchasing a system outright using a loan, likely due to increased interest rates. Product sales decreased by $49.1 million, primarily due to the lower average sales price of solar energy products, as well as lower sales volume of solar energy products to installers of solar energy systems compared to the prior year, due to easing of supply chain constraints.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The Cost of customer agreements and incentives decreased to 80% of revenue from customer agreements and incentives during the six months ended June 30, 2024, from 92% during the six months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease is primarily due to customer pricing increases catching up to costs.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Cost of Solar Energy Systems and Product Sales. The $304.3 million decrease in Cost of solar energy systems and product sales was primarily due to the corresponding net decrease in the solar energy systems and product sales discussed above.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Sales and Marketing Expense. The $93.8 million decrease in Sales and marketing expense was primarily attributable to decreases in headcount driving lower employee compensation and costs to acquire customers through our sales lead generating partners. Included in Sales and marketing expense is $34.3 million and $26.0 million of amortization of costs to obtain Customer Agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Interest Expense, net. The increase in Interest expense, net of $99.5 million was primarily related to additional non-recourse debt entered into subsequent to June 30, 2023. Included in net interest expenseis$16.9 million and $15.1 million of non-cash interest recognized under Customer Agreements that have a significant financing component for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests was primarily the result of an addition of seven new investment funds since June 30, 2023, for which the HLBV method was used in determining the amount of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Investment funds generally allocate more loss to the noncontrolling interest in the first several years after fund formation.