RGC RESOURCES INC

Previous wording

materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company’s forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of the Company’s business include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the following discussion and within Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors are difficult to predict and many are beyond the Company’s control. Accordingly, while the Company believes its forward-looking statements to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that they will approximate actual experience or that the expectations derived from them will be realized. When used in the Company’s documents or news releases, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “target,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “potential,” “forecast,” “budget,” “assume,” “indicate” or similar words or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “can,” “could,” “may,” or “might” are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Current wording

This report contains forward-looking statements that relate to future transactions, events or expectations. In addition, Resources may announce or publish forward-looking statements relating to such matters as anticipated financial performance, business prospects, investments, inflation, ratemaking, debt refinancing, technological developments, new products, research and development activities, operational impacts and similar matters. These statements are based on management’s current expectations and information available at the time of such statements and are believed to be reasonable and are made in good faith. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. In order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor, the Company notes that a variety of factors could cause the Company’s actual results and experience to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company’s forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of the Company’s business include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the following discussion and within Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors are difficult to predict and many are beyond the Company’s control. Accordingly, while the Company believes its forward-looking statements to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that they will approximate actual experience or that the expectations derived from them will be realized. When used in the Company’s documents or news releases, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “target,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “potential,” “forecast,” “budget,” “assume,” “indicate” or similar words or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “can,” “could,” “may,” or “might” are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Previous wording

The three-month and six-month earnings presented herein should not be considered as reflective of the Company’s consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025. The total revenues and margins realized during the first six months reflect higher billings due to the weather-sensitive nature of the natural gas business.

Current wording

The three-month and nine-month earnings presented herein should not be considered as reflective of the Company’s consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025. The total revenues and margins realized during the first nine months reflect higher billings due to the weather-sensitive nature of the natural gas business.

Previous wording

Resources is an energy services company primarily engaged in the regulated sale and distribution of natural gas to approximately 63,700 residential, commercial and industrial customers in Roanoke, Virginia and surrounding localities through its Roanoke Gas subsidiary. Midstream, a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, is a less than 1% investor in both the MVP and Southgate. The utility operations of Roanoke Gas are regulated by the SCC, which oversees the terms, conditions and rates charged to customers for natural gas service, safety standards, extension of service and depreciation. The Company is also subject to regulation from the United States Department of Transportation in regard to the construction, operation, maintenance, safety and integrity of its transmission and distribution pipelines. FERC regulates the prices for the transportation and delivery of natural gas to the Company’s distribution system and underground storage services. In addition, the Company is subject to other regulations which are not necessarily industry specific.

Current wording

Resources is an energy services company primarily engaged in the regulated sale and distribution of natural gas to approximately 62,700 residential, commercial and industrial customers in Roanoke, Virginia and surrounding localities through its Roanoke Gas subsidiary. Midstream, a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, is a less than 1% investor in both the MVP and Southgate. The utility operations of Roanoke Gas are regulated by the SCC, which oversees the terms, conditions and rates charged to customers for natural gas service, safety standards, extension of service and depreciation. The Company is also subject to regulation from the United States Department of Transportation in regard to the construction, operation, maintenance, safety and integrity of its transmission and distribution pipelines. FERC regulates the prices for the transportation and delivery of natural gas to the Company’s distribution system and underground storage services. In addition, the Company is subject to other regulations which are not necessarily industry specific.

Previous wording

On February 2, 2024, primarily in response to continued inflationary pressures, Roanoke Gas filed for an annual non-gas base rate increase of $4.33 million. The filing also reflected an increase in the Company's authorized return on equity from 9.44% to 10.35%. The new interim non-gas base rates went into effect for customer billings on or after July 1, 2024, subject to refund. On October 16, 2024, the Company reached a settlement with the SCC staff on all outstanding issues in the case. Under the terms of the settlement, the Company agreed to an annual incremental revenue requirement increase of $4.08 million based on a return on equity of 9.90%. On April 10, 2025, the SCC issued a final order approving the settlement in its entirety. The order also directed Roanoke Gas to refund the excess revenues collected during the time the interim rates were in effect with interest. The refund to customers, which was accrued in fiscal 2024 and reflected in regulatory liabilities, is expected to be completed during the Company's third quarter of fiscal 2025.

Current wording

On February 2, 2024, primarily in response to continued inflationary pressures, Roanoke Gas filed for an annual non-gas base rate increase of $4.33 million. The filing also reflected an increase in the Company's authorized return on equity from 9.44% to 10.35%. The new interim non-gas base rates went into effect for customer billings on or after July 1, 2024, subject to refund. On October 16, 2024, the Company reached a settlement with the SCC staff on all outstanding issues in the case. Under the terms of the settlement, the Company agreed to an annual incremental revenue requirement increase of $4.08 million based on a return on equity of 9.90%. On April 10, 2025, the SCC issued a final order approving the settlement in its entirety. The order also directed Roanoke Gas to refund the excess revenues collected during the time the interim rates were in effect with interest. The refunds to customers, which had previously been accrued as a regulatory liability, were made to customers in May 2025.

Previous wording

The SAVE Plan and Rider provides the Company with a mechanism through which it recovers costs related to qualified SAVE infrastructure investments on a prospective basis, until a rate application is filed incorporating these investments in non-gas base rates. Roanoke Gas filed and received approval from the SCC for an updated annual SAVE Rider rate which became effective October 1, 2024. As a result of the updated SAVE Rider, SAVE Plan revenues increased by approximately $283,000 and $555,000, respectively, for the three-month and six-month periods ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same periods last year when the recovery of all prior SAVE Plan investment was incorporated into the non-gas base rates that were effective January 1, 2023. The updated SAVE Rider is expected to result in approximately $1,389,000 of annualized SAVE-related revenues during fiscal 2025. Additional information regarding the SAVE Plan and Rider is provided under the Regulatory section below.

Current wording

The SAVE Plan and Rider provides the Company with a mechanism through which it recovers costs related to qualified SAVE infrastructure investments on a prospective basis, until a rate application is filed incorporating these investments in non-gas base rates. Roanoke Gas filed and received approval from the SCC for an updated annual SAVE Rider rate which became effective October 1, 2024. As a result of the updated SAVE Rider, SAVE Plan revenues increased by approximately $299,000 and $855,000, respectively, for the three-month and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods last year when the recovery of all prior SAVE Plan investment was incorporated into the non-gas base rates that were effective January 1, 2023. The updated SAVE Rider is expected to result in approximately $1,489,000 of annualized SAVE-related revenues during fiscal 2025. Additional information regarding the SAVE Plan and Rider is provided in Note 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Previous wording

The WNA mechanism reduces the volatility in earnings due to the variability in temperatures during the heating season. The WNA is based on the most recent 30-year temperature average and provides the Company with a level of earnings protection when weather is warmer than normal and provides its customers with price protection when weather is colder than normal. The WNA allows the Company to recover from its customers the lost margin (excluding gas costs) from warmer-than-normal weather and correspondingly requires the Company to refund the excess margin earned for colder-than-normal weather. The WNA mechanism used by the Company is based on a linear regression model that determines the value of a single heating degree day and thereby estimates the revenue adjustment based on weather variance from normal. Any billings or refunds related to the WNA are completed following each WNA year, which extends for the 12-month period from April to March. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reduced revenues by approximately $27,000 under the WNA model for weather that was in line with normal compared to accruing approximately $1,694,000 in additional revenues for weather that was 18% warmer than normal for the corresponding period last year. For the six months ended March 31, 2025, the Company accrued approximately $473,000 in additional revenues for weather that was 2% warmer than normal compared to approximately $2,868,000 in additional revenues for weather that was 17% warmer than normal for the corresponding period last year. The WNA balance for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2025 was approximately $1,393,000, which will be collected from customers during the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

Current wording

The WNA mechanism reduces the volatility in earnings due to the variability in temperatures during the heating season. The WNA is based on the most recent 30-year temperature average and provides the Company with a level of earnings protection when weather is warmer than normal and provides its customers with price protection when weather is colder than normal. The WNA allows the Company to recover from its customers the lost margin (excluding gas costs) from warmer-than-normal weather and correspondingly requires the Company to refund the excess margin earned for colder-than-normal weather. The WNA mechanism used by the Company is based on a linear regression model that determines the value of a single heating degree day and thereby estimates the revenue adjustment based on weather variance from normal. Any billings or refunds related to the WNA are completed following each WNA year, which extends for the 12-month period from April to March. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company accrued approximately $493,000 and $966,000 in additional revenues under the WNA model for weather that was 22% and 4% warmer than normal, respectively, compared to approximately $821,000 and $3,689,000 in additional revenues for weather that was 48% and 19% warmer than normal for the corresponding periods last year. The adjusted WNA balance for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2025 was approximately $1,473,000, and was collected from customers during May and June 2025.

Previous wording

The Company has an approved rate structure to mitigate the impact of the financing costs of its natural gas inventory. Under this rate structure, Roanoke Gas recognizes revenue by applying the ICC factor, based on the Company’s weighted-average cost of capital, including interest rates on short-term and long-term debt, and the Company’s authorized return on equity, to the average cost of natural gas inventory during the period. Total ICC revenues decreased by approximately $48,000 and $101,000 for the three-month and six-month periods ended March 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding periods last year, due to lower natural gas commodity prices during the 2024 summer storage injection season resulting in a lower average cost of natural gas in storage. Accordingly, fiscal 2025 ICC revenues are expected to continue to remain below last year's levels.

Current wording

The Company has an approved rate structure to mitigate the impact of the financing costs of its natural gas inventory. Under this rate structure, Roanoke Gas recognizes revenue by applying the ICC factor, based on the Company’s weighted-average cost of capital, including interest rates on short-term and long-term debt, and the Company’s authorized return on equity, to the average cost of natural gas inventory during the period. Total ICC revenues decreased by approximately $44,000 and $145,000 for the three-month and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2025 compared to the corresponding periods last year, due to lower natural gas commodity prices during the 2024 summer storage injection season resulting in a lower average cost of natural gas in storage and lower storage balances in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2025. Accordingly, fiscal 2025 and 2026 ICC revenues are expected to continue to remain below last year's levels.

Previous wording

In March 2023, Roanoke Gas began operating the RNG facility, through a cooperative agreement with the Western Virginia Water Authority, to produce commercial quality RNG for delivery into its distribution system. Roanoke Gas is allowed to recover the costs associated with the investment in RNG facilities and the related operating costs through an RNG Rider added to customer bills. Customers receive the benefit of environmental credits generated through the production of RNG. Roanoke Gas recognized approximately $429,000 and $817,000 in RNG revenue for the three and six months ended March 31, 2025 compared to approximately $517,000 and $818,000 for the corresponding periods in the prior year.

Current wording

In March 2023, Roanoke Gas began operating the RNG facility, through a cooperative agreement with the Western Virginia Water Authority, to produce commercial quality RNG for delivery into its distribution system. Roanoke Gas is allowed to recover the costs associated with the investment in RNG facilities and the related operating costs through an RNG Rider added to customer bills. Customers receive the benefit of environmental credits generated through the production of RNG. Roanoke Gas recognized approximately $479,000 and $1,296,000 in RNG revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $394,000 and $1,211,000 for the corresponding periods in the prior year.

Previous wording

Net income increased by $1,232,818 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to the implementation of higher non-gas base rates effective July 1, 2024, slightly offset by lower equity earnings from the MVP as the project transitioned from construction to in service.

Current wording

Net income increased by $381,720 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to increased equity earnings from the MVP as the project was service for the entire quarter in fiscal 2025 compared to less than a month during the same period in the prior year.

Previous wording

Total operating revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period last year, increased by approximately 12% primarily due to the implementation of a non-gas base rate increase, along with higher delivered volumes, gas costs and SAVE revenues, slightly offset by a decrease in WNA revenue. The non-gas base rate increase implemented in 2024 was the main contributing factor to an approximate $3.6 million increase in non-gas volumetric revenues. In addition, total heating degree days increased by 21% from the same period last year, resulting in a 17% increase in the weather-sensitive residential and commercial volumes, while transportation and interruptible volumes increased 27% primarily driven by business activity of a single, multi-fuel customer during the quarter. The Company expects this customer's usage to remain elevated in the near term, although much of this volume has a lower margin contribution. Total gas costs also increased over the prior period primarily due to pipeline capacity charges increasing over $800,000 as a result of higher rates and additional capacity. The Company has been notified that capacity charges from other suppliers, which do not impact margin, will increase meaningfully in the coming months, subject to refund, as these suppliers undergo rate-making through FERC. While the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome, these costs and potential refunds will be passed through to customers. SAVE Plan revenues increased as Roanoke Gas continues to invest in qualified SAVE infrastructure projects, resulting in approximately $283,000 more revenue compared to the same period in the prior year. WNA revenues declined approximately $1,721,000 from the corresponding period last year as weather was in line with the 30-year normal during the current period compared to 18% warmer than normal during the prior period.

Current wording

Total operating revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period last year, increased by approximately 19% primarily due to higher gas costs, delivered volumes and SAVE revenues, along with the implementation of a non-gas base rate increase, slightly offset by a decrease in WNA revenue. Gas costs were the main contributing factor to the increase in operating revenues over the prior period primarily due to pipeline capacity charges increasing over $2,000,000 as a result of higher rates and MVP capacity. Pipeline capacity charges, which do not impact margin, increased meaningfully during the period, subject to refund, due to FERC rate increase proceedings. While the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome, these costs and potential refunds will be passed through to customers. In addition, SAVE Plan revenues increased as Roanoke Gas continues to invest in qualified SAVE infrastructure projects, resulting in approximately $299,000 more revenue compared to the same period in the prior year. Transportation and interruptible volumes increased 15% primarily driven by business activity of a single, multi-fuel customer during the quarter. The Company expects this customer's usage to remain elevated in the near term, although much of this volume has a lower margin contribution. These increased volumes, coupled with the non-gas base rate increase implemented in July 2024, contributed to an approximate $272,000 increase in non-gas volumetric revenues. WNA revenues declined approximately $328,000 from the corresponding period last year as weather was 22% warmer than the 30-year normal during the current period compared to 48% warmer than normal during the prior period.

Previous wording

Gross utility margin increased over the same period last year primarily as a result of the implementation of new non-gas base rates and increases in SAVE revenues and delivered volumes, offset by the reduction in WNA. As discussed in the Overview section, the WNA model adjusts for the impact of variability of temperatures during the heating season. The WNA model calculates what the corresponding volumes would be if temperatures were equivalent to the 30-year normal during each period and adjusts for the difference in margin from normal. In applying the WNA model to both the current and prior years, the WNA adjusted volumes would have been nearly the same between periods and the increase in volumetric margin net of the WNA reflects the impact of the non-gas rate increase and the increased usage by the single multi-fuel customer. The changes in the components of gas utility margin are summarized below:

Current wording

Gross utility margin increased over the same period last year primarily as a result of the aforementioned increases in SAVE revenues, as well as increased RNG revenues, slightly offset by the reduction in ICC revenues. As discussed in the Overview section, the WNA model adjusts for the impact of variability of temperatures during the heating season. The WNA model calculates what the corresponding volumes would be if temperatures were equivalent to the 30-year normal during each period and adjusts for the difference in margin from normal. In applying the WNA model to both the current and prior years, the volumetric margin, net of the WNA, decreased slightly by approximately $56,000 due a decrease of 17% in WNA adjusted residential and commercial delivered volumes. The SAVE Plan and RNG Riders contributed an additional $299,000 and $85,000, respectively, to margin, while ICC revenues decreased by approximately $44,000 due to lower cost of gas in storage.

Previous wording

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $201,545, or 15%, primarily due to higher property taxes associated with growth in utility property and increased valuations.

Current wording

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $118,077, or 19%, due to higher property taxes associated with growth in utility property and increased valuations.

Previous wording

Depreciation expense increased by $304,714, or 6%, consistent with an increase in utility property balances.

Current wording

Depreciation expense increased by $211,637, or 8%, consistent with an increase in utility property balances.

Previous wording

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate decreased by $428,209, or 35%. With the MVP in service, the Company now recognizes its share of operational earnings from the MVP, favorably adjusted for the amortization of a basis difference that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022, which did not fully replace the amount of AFUDC recognized while construction activities were ongoing during the second quarter of fiscal 2024. See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the MVP.

Current wording

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate increased by $489,478. With the MVP in service, the Company now recognizes its share of operational earnings from the MVP, favorably adjusted for the amortization of a basis difference that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022, which exceeded the amount of AFUDC recognized during the prior period as construction activities were winding down at the end of the project. See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the MVP.

Previous wording

Other income, net increased by $726,696 primarily due to an approximate $565,000 decrease in benefit plan costs other than service cost, coupled with an increase of approximately $203,000 in revenue sharing related to the asset management agreements, which are described in more detail in the Asset Management section.

Current wording

Other income, net increased by $313,349 primarily due to an approximate $284,000 decrease in benefit plan costs other than service cost, coupled with an increase of approximately $68,000 in revenue sharing related to the asset management agreement, which is described in more detail in the Asset Management section.

Previous wording

Roanoke Gas' interest expense increased by $94,215, or 5%, as total average debt outstanding increased by approximately $5,025,000, associated with net borrowings under the Company's line-of-credit. Midstream's interest expense increased by $113,104, or 9%, as the average interest rate on Midstream's total debt increased from 4.95% to 5.22% related to higher interest rates on the variable-rate credit facilities that were refinanced in fiscal 2024, coupled with an approximate $1,541,000 increase in total average debt outstanding during the period. See Notes 6 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's debt.

Current wording

Interest expense decreased by $54,339, or 4%, as the weighted-average interest rate on total debt decreased from 4.42% during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 to 4.12% during the third quarter of fiscal 2025. Roanoke Gas' interest expense decreased by $45,984, or 5%, as total average debt outstanding decreased by approximately $2,671,000 associated with net payments on the Company's line-of-credit. See Notes 6 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's debt.

Previous wording

Income tax expense increased by $419,690, or 22%, corresponding to an increase in pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 23.5% and 23.1% for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate is below the combined statutory state and federal rate due to the amortization of excess deferred taxes and tax credits.

Current wording

Income tax expense increased by $114,413 corresponding to the increase in pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 23.1% for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The effective tax rate is below the combined statutory state and federal rate due to the amortization of excess deferred taxes and tax credits.

Previous wording

Net income increased by $1,482,515 for the six months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to the implementation of higher non-gas base rates and increased natural gas deliveries, partially offset by lower WNA revenues and lower equity earnings from the MVP as the project transitioned from construction to in service, as well as higher interest expense.

Current wording

Net income increased by $1,864,235 for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period last year, primarily due to the implementation of higher non-gas base rates and increased natural gas deliveries, partially offset by lower WNA revenues and lower equity earnings from the MVP as the project transitioned from construction to in service, as well as lower benefit plan costs.

Previous wording

Total operating revenues for thesix months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period last year, increased by approximately 12% primarily due to the implementation of a non-gas base rate increase, along with higher delivered volumes, gas costs and SAVE revenues, partially offset by a decrease in WNA revenue. The non-gas base rate increase implemented in 2024 was the main contributing factor to an approximate $5.2 million increase in non-gas volumetric revenues. In addition, total heating degree days increased by 16% from the same period last year, resulting in a 12% increase in the weather-sensitive residential and commercial volumes, while transportation and interruptible volumes increased 35% primarily driven by business activity of a single, multi-fuel customer during the period. Total gas costs also increased over the prior period primarily due to pipeline capacity charges increasing over $1.6 million as a result of higher rates and additional capacity. As noted in the quarterly comparison above, natural gas demand charges are expected to increase in future quarters. SAVE Plan revenues increased as Roanoke Gas continues to invest in qualified SAVE infrastructure projects, resulting in approximately $555,000 more revenue compared to the same period in the prior year. WNA revenues declined approximately $2.4 million from the corresponding period last year as weather was only 2% warmer than normal during the current period compared to 17% warmer than normal during the prior period.

Current wording

Total operating revenues for thenine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period last year, increased by approximately 13% primarily due to the implementation of a non-gas base rate increase, along with higher delivered volumes, gas costs and SAVE revenues, partially offset by a decrease in WNA revenue. The non-gas base rate increase implemented in 2024 was the main contributing factor to an approximate $5.4 million increase in non-gas volumetric revenues. In addition, total heating degree days increased by 18% from the same period last year, resulting in a 9% increase in the weather-sensitive residential and commercial volumes, while transportation and interruptible volumes increased 28%, primarily driven by business activity of a single, multi-fuel customer during the period. Total gas costs also increased over the prior period primarily due to pipeline capacity charges increasing over $3.7 million as a result of higher rates and MVP capacity. SAVE Plan revenues increased as Roanoke Gas continues to invest in qualified SAVE infrastructure projects, resulting in approximately $855,000 more revenue compared to the same period in the prior year. WNA revenues declined approximately $2.7 million from the corresponding period last year as weather was only 4% warmer than normal during the current period compared to 20% warmer than normal during the prior period.

Previous wording

Gross utility margin increased over the same period last year primarily as a result of the implementation of new non-gas base rates and increases in SAVE revenues, slightly offset by the reduction in ICC revenues. The WNA adjusted volumetric margin increased by approximately $2.8 million primarily due to the new non-gas base rates and increases in transportation and interruptible volumes. The SAVE Plan contributed an additional $555,000 to margin, while ICC revenues decreased by approximately $101,000 due to lower cost of gas in storage.

Current wording

Gross utility margin increased over the same period last year primarily as a result of the implementation of new non-gas base rates and increases in SAVE revenues, slightly offset by the reduction in ICC revenues. The volumetric margin, net of the WNA, increased by approximately $2.7 million primarily due to the new non-gas base rates and increases in transportation and interruptible volumes. The SAVE Plan contributed an additional $855,000 to margin, while ICC revenues decreased by approximately $145,000 due to lower cost of gas in storage.

Previous wording

Operations and maintenance expenses increased by $354,010, or 4%, from the same period last year primarily due to inflationary effects on personnel costs and professional services, and lower capitalized overheads. Personnel costs increased by approximately $62,000 due to increased staffing and the inflationary impact on salaries and benefits. Contracted services increased by approximately $55,000 also due to inflationary pressures. Total capitalized overheads declined by approximately $120,000 due to a reduction in direct construction expenditures related to Roanoke Gas capital projects compared to the same period last year and lower overheads capitalized as part of LNG due to timing of production. Increased corporate insurance premiums and bad debt expense associated with the higher accounts receivable balances accounted for much of the remaining cost increase.

Current wording

Operations and maintenance expenses increased by $720,021, or 5%, from the same period last year primarily due to inflationary effects on personnel costs and contracted services, and lower capitalized overheads. Personnel costs and contracted services increased by approximately $367,000 due to increased staffing and the inflationary impact on salaries and benefits, as well as third party services. Total capitalized overheads declined by approximately $179,000 due to a reduction in direct construction expenditures related to Roanoke Gas capital projects compared to the same period last year and lower overheads capitalized as part of LNG due to timing of production. Increased RNG expenses, corporate insurance premiums and bad debt expense associated with the higher accounts receivable balances accounted for much of the remaining cost increase.

Previous wording

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $111,414, or 16%, due to higher property taxes associated with growth in utility property and increased valuations.

Current wording

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $319,622, or 16%, primarily due to higher property taxes associated with growth in utility property and increased valuations.

Previous wording

Depreciation expense increased by $159,061, or 6%, consistent with an increase in utility property balances.

Current wording

Depreciation expense increased by $516,351, or 6%, consistent with an increase in utility property balances.

Previous wording

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate decreased by $1,041,831, or 39%. With the MVP in service, the Company now recognizes its share of operational earnings from the MVP, favorably adjusted for the amortization of a basis difference that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022. These in-service earnings did not fully replace the amount of AFUDC recognized while construction activities were ongoing during the first half of fiscal 2024. See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the MVP.

Current wording

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate decreased by $552,353, or 19%. With the MVP in service, the Company now recognizes its share of operational earnings from the MVP, favorably adjusted for the amortization of a basis difference that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022. These in-service earnings did not fully replace the amount of AFUDC recognized while construction activities were ongoing during the first eight months of fiscal 2024. See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the MVP.

Previous wording

Other income, net increased by $374,146 primarily due to an approximate $285,000 decrease in benefit plan costs other than service cost, coupled with an increase of approximately $101,000 in revenue sharing related to the asset management agreements, which are described in more detail in the Asset Management section.

Current wording

Other income, net increased by $1,040,045 primarily due to an approximate $848,000 decrease in benefit plan costs other than service cost, coupled with an increase of approximately $270,000 in revenue sharing related to the asset management agreements, which are described in more detail in the Asset Management section.

Previous wording

Interest expense increased by $63,662, or 4%, primarily due to higher borrowing levels. Total average debt outstanding during the second quarter of fiscal 2025 increased by 4% from the second quarter of fiscal 2024. Roanoke Gas' interest expense increased by $30,743, or 3%, as total average debt outstanding increased by approximately $3,612,000 associated with net borrowings under the Company's line-of-credit. Midstream's interest expense increased by $32,919, or 5%, as the total average debt outstanding increased by approximately $1,824,000 associated with net borrowings under Midstream's revolving credit facilities. See Notes 6 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's debt.

Current wording

Interest expense increased by $152,980, or 3%, primarily due to higher borrowing levels, along with higher interest rates on the Company's variable-rate debt. Total average debt outstanding during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 increased by 4% from the first nine months of fiscal 2024. Roanoke Gas' total average debt outstanding increased by approximately $2,445,000 associated with net borrowings under the Company's line-of-credit, while Midstream's total average debt outstanding increased by approximately $2,170,000 during the period. There were minimal fluctuations in the weighted-average interest rates between the periods. See Notes 6 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's debt.

Previous wording

Income tax expense increased by $441,248, or 13%, corresponding to an increase in pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 23.4% and 23.5% for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate is below the combined statutory state and federal rate due to the amortization of excess deferred taxes and tax credits.

Current wording

Income tax expense increased by $555,661, or 16%, corresponding to an increase in pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 23.4% and 23.5% for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate is below the combined statutory state and federal rate due to the amortization of excess deferred taxes and tax credits.

Previous wording

Roanoke Gas uses third-party asset managers to oversee its pipeline transportation, storage rights and gas supply inventories and deliveries in order to provide a secure and reliable source of natural gas to its customers. In return for utilizing the excess capacities of the transportation and storage rights, the asset managers pay Roanoke Gas a monthly utilization fee. In accordance with an SCC order issued in 2018, a portion of the utilization fee is retained by the Company with the balance passed through tocustomers through reduced gas costs. Prior to the MVP being placed in service, Roanoke Gas utilized one asset manager. With the MVP now in service, Roanoke Gas had a second asset management agreement for the utilization of its MVP capacity. On March 26, 2025, the Company entered into a new arrangement with one manager, which replaced the prior two managers, that was effective April 1, 2025 and is set to expire on March 31, 2028.

Current wording

Roanoke Gas uses a third-party asset manager to oversee its pipeline transportation, storage rights and gas supply inventories and deliveries in order to provide a secure and reliable source of natural gas to its customers. In return for utilizing the excess capacities of the transportation and storage rights, the asset manager pays Roanoke Gas a monthly utilization fee. In accordance with an SCC order issued in 2018, a portion of the utilization fee is retained by the Company with the balance passed through tocustomers through reduced gas costs. On March 26, 2025, the Company entered into a new asset manager agreement effective April 1, 2025 and is set to expire on March 31, 2028.

Previous wording

From inception through May 2024, earnings from the LLC were primarily attributable to AFUDC income. With the MVP in operation, the Company recognizes its share of earnings from the LLC, favorably adjusted for a basis difference between the Company's proportional share of assets and its carrying value that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022. This basis difference amortization is a favorable non-cash adjustment over the operational life of the MVP, or 40 years. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded equity in earnings of consolidated affiliate of approximately $801,000 and $1.7 million, respectively, compared to $1.2 million and $2.7 million for the same periods in 2024, with the 2024 amounts being derived from AFUDC. Midstream has received quarterly cash distributions of its share from the LLC of approximately $1.8 million during the first half of fiscal 2025 which was a return on its invested capital. Future quarterly distributions are expected to be of a similar magnitude. The Company is using this cash to pay interest and other expenditures related to Midstream.

Current wording

From inception through May 2024, earnings from the LLC were primarily attributable to AFUDC income. With the MVP in operation, the Company recognizes its share of earnings from the LLC, favorably adjusted for a basis difference between the Company's proportional share of assets and its carrying value that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022. This basis difference amortization is a favorable non-cash adjustment over the operational life of the MVP, or 40 years. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded equity in earnings of consolidated affiliate of approximately $772,000 and $2.4 million, respectively, compared to $283,000 and $3.0 million for the same periods in 2024, with the 2024 amounts being derived from AFUDC. Midstream has received quarterly cash distributions of its share from the LLC totaling approximately $2.7 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 which was a return on its invested capital. Future quarterly distributions are expected to be of a similar magnitude. The Company is using this cash to pay interest and other expenditures related to Midstream.

Previous wording

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $1,258,586 for the six-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to an increase of $506,752 for the six-month period ended March 31, 2024. The following table summarizes the sources and uses of cash:

Current wording

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $1,232,704 for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2025 compared to an increase of $1,028,662 for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2024. The following table summarizes the sources and uses of cash:

Previous wording

Cash flows from operating activities for the six months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $10,632,961 compared to the same period last year. The table below summarizes the significant components of operating cash flows:

Current wording

Cash flows from operating activities for thenine months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $11,216,830 compared to the same period last year. Thetable below summarizes the significant components of operating cash flows:

Previous wording

The increase in operating cash flows is primarily due to higher net income and the cash distribution received from the LLC, along with direct impacts from weather and increased gas costs. During the first half of fiscal 2025, the Company received approximately$1,785,000 in quarterly cash distributions of its share from the LLC, which was has been accounted for as a return on its invested capital. In addition, colder weather and increased gas costs compared to the same period last year resulted in higher accounts receivable and accounts payable balances. Pipeline and storage capacity charges during the first half of 2025 increased over $1,000,000 from the same period in the prior year. Additionally, total commodity costs increased from $3.60 per DTH in the first half of fiscal 2024 to $3.70 per DTH in the first half of fiscal 2025. WNA revenues for the first six months of fiscal 2025 declined by approximately $2.4 million from the same period last year corresponding to a 16% increase in the number of heating degree days between periods. This decline in WNA receivable contributed $2.4 million in additional operating cash. In December 2024, the Company received an approximate $890,000 supplier refund, resulting from a FERC rate case settlement, from one of the interstate pipelines that supply the Company with natural gas.

Current wording

The increase in operating cash flows is primarily due to higher net income and the cash distributions received from the LLC, along with direct impacts from weather and increased pipeline and storage capacity charges. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Company received approximately$2,659,000 in quarterly cash distributions from the LLC, which was has been accounted for as a return on its invested capital. In addition, colder weather and increased gas costs compared to the same period last year resulted in higher accounts receivable and accounts payable balances. Pipeline and storage capacity charges during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 increased over $3,100,000 from the same period in the prior year. Additionally, total commodity costs increased from $3.53 per DTH in the first nine months of fiscal 2024 to $3.69 per DTH in the first nine months of fiscal 2025. WNA revenues for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 declined by approximately $2.7 million from the same period last year corresponding to an 18% increase in the number of heating degree days between periods. This decline in WNA receivable contributed $2.0 million in additional operating cash. In December 2024, the Company received an approximate $890,000 supplier refund, resulting from a FERC rate case settlement, from one of the interstate pipelines that supplies the Company with natural gas.

Previous wording

Investing activities primarily consist of expenditures related to Roanoke Gas' utility property, which includes replacing aging natural gas pipe with new plastic or coated steel pipe, improvements to the LNG plant and gas distribution system facilities and expansion of its natural gas system to meet new customer demand. The Company is continuing its focus on SAVE infrastructure replacement projects, including the replacement of pre-1973 first generation plastic pipe. New customer demand for natural gas continues to be steady and therefore extending the natural gas distribution system within its service territory is also a priority. Roanoke Gas' total capital expenditures for the six-month period ended March 31, 2025 were approximately $10.7 million compared to $11.3 million during the same period last year. Total fiscal 2025 capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $22 million. Midstream continues to be invested in the LLC; however, the Company did not make capital contributions in 2024 under a prior agreement with the LLC's managing partner. Accordingly, Midstream's ownership percentage declined during the remaining construction period of the project. Now that the MVP is in service, Midstream will incur periodic, future capital investment related to ongoing MVP operations requirements and system improvements. Midstream has and will continue to make capital investments in Southgate. The targeted timing for completion of the Southgate project is 2028.

Current wording

Investing activities primarily consist of expenditures related to Roanoke Gas' utility property, which includes replacing aging natural gas pipe with new plastic or coated steel pipe, improvements to the LNG plant and gas distribution system facilities and expansion of its natural gas system to meet new customer demand. The Company is continuing its focus on SAVE infrastructure replacement projects, including the replacement of pre-1973 first generation plastic pipe. New customer demand for natural gas continues to be steady and therefore extending the natural gas distribution system within its service territory is also a priority. Roanoke Gas' total capital expenditures for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2025 were approximately $15.7 million compared to $16.6 million during the same period last year. Total fiscal 2025 capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $22 million. Midstream continues to be invested in the LLC; however, the Company did not make capital contributions in 2024 or 2025 under a prior agreement with the LLC's managing partner. Accordingly, Midstream's ownership percentage declined during the remaining construction period of the project. Now that the MVP is in service, Midstream will incur periodic, future capital investment related to ongoing MVP operations requirements and system improvements. Midstream has and will continue to make capital investments in Southgate. The targeted timing for completion of the Southgate project is 2028.

Previous wording

Financing activities generally consist of borrowings and repayments under credit agreements, issuance of common stock and the payment of dividends. Net cash flows used in financing activities were approximately $9.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $585,000 million in net cash flows provided by financing activities for the same period last year. The $10.5 million decrease in financing cash flows is primarily attributable to net payments of $7.0 million under Roanoke Gas' line-of-credit during the first six months of fiscal 2025 compared to net borrowings of $2.2 million in the same period last year. Roanoke Gas' net payments were slightly offset by a net increase of $630,000 in Midstream's debt. During the first half of fiscal 2025, Midstream borrowed a net $145,000 compared to repaying $775,000 during the same period in the prior year. Notes 6 and 7 provide details on the Company's line-of-credit and borrowing activity.

Current wording

Financing activities generally consist of borrowings and repayments under credit agreements, issuance of common stock and the payment of dividends. Net cash flows used in financing activities were approximately $11.3 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $517,000 in net cash flows provided by financing activities for the same period last year. The $11.8 million decrease in financing cash flows is primarily attributable to net payments of $6.2 million under Roanoke Gas' line-of-credit during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 compared to net borrowings of $3.3 million in the same period last year.

Previous wording

In addition, Resources issued a total of 59,986 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.2 million. No shares were issued through the ATM program during the first half of fiscal 2025. During the same period last year, Resources issued 164,225 shares for approximately $3.2 million, including 85,501 shares through the ATM program for approximately $1.7 million, net of fees.

Current wording

In addition, Resources issued a total of 74,057 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million. No shares were issued through the ATM program during the first nine months of fiscal 2025. During the same period last year, Resources issued 177,906 shares for approximately $3.5 million, including 85,501 shares through the ATM program for approximately $1.7 million, net of fees.

Previous wording

Management regularly evaluates the Company’s liquidity through a review of its available financing resources and its cash flows. Resources maintains the ability to raise equity capital through its ATM program, private placement or other public offerings. Management believes Roanoke Gas has access to sufficient financing resources to meet its cash requirements for the next year, including the line of credit and the two private shelf facilities. Roanoke Gas may also adjust capital spending, as necessary, if such a need would arise.

Current wording

Management regularly evaluates the Company’s liquidity through a review of its available financing resources and its cash flows. Resources maintains the ability to raise equity capital through its ATM program, private placement or other public offerings. Management believes Roanoke Gas has access to sufficient financing resources to meet its cash requirements for the next year, including the line of credit and the two private shelf facilities. Roanoke Gas may also adjust capital spending if such a need would arise.