NRX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

This proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”), the attached Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Notice”) and the enclosed proxy card are being mailed to stockholders of record on or about August 21, 2024 and are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of NRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” or “us”) for use at our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), to be held on October 8, 2024, at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time, in virtual-only format athttps://www.cstproxy.com/nrxpharma/2024, and at any adjournments or postponements thereof. Although not part of this Proxy Statement, we are also sending along with this Proxy Statement, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which includes our financial statements and related notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (as amended on Form 10-K/A, the “2023 Annual Report”).

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON OCTOBER 11, 2024.

This Proxy Statement and our 2023 Annual Report are available for viewing, printing and downloading atwww.nrxpharma.com.

Additionally, you can find a copy of our 2023 Annual Report on the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the“SEC”) athttps://www.sec.gov**, or in the**“Financial Information”** section of the**“Investor Relations”** section of our website athttps://www.nrxpharma.com. You may also obtain a printed copy of our 2023 Annual Report, free of charge, from us by sending a written request to: Attention: Secretary, NRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1201 North Market Street, Suite 111**,Wilmington, DE 19801. Exhibits to the 2023 Annual Report will be provided upon written request and payment of an appropriate processing fee.