Hamilton Lane INC

Previous wording

•in recent years, there has been increased competition for investment opportunities resulting from the increased amount of capital invested in private markets alternatives and high liquidity in debt markets, and the increased competition for investments may reduce our returns in the future;

Current wording

•in recent years, there has been increased competition for investment opportunities resulting from increased amount of capital invested in the private markets, which may increase the cost and reduce the availability of suitable investments, thereby reducing our investment returns in the future;

Previous wording

•the performance of particular funds also will be affected by risks of the industries and businesses in which they invest; and

Current wording

•the performance of particular funds will also be affected by risks of the industries and businesses in which they invest; and

Previous wording

Our success largely depends on the identification and availability of suitable investment opportunities for our clients, and in particular the success of funds in which our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts invest. The availability of investment opportunities will be subject to market conditions and other factors outside of our control and the control of the private markets fund managers with which we invest. Past returns of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts have benefited from investment opportunities and general market conditions that may not continue or reoccur, including favorable borrowing conditions in the debt markets, and there can be no assurance that our specialized funds, customized separate accounts, advisory accounts or the underlying funds in which we invest will be able to avail themselves of comparable opportunities and conditions. There can also be no assurance that the private markets funds we select will be able to identify sufficient attractive investment opportunities to meet their investment objectives. Further, the due diligence investigations we conduct before recommending investments to our clients may not uncover all facts relevant to the suitability of such opportunities. See “—The due diligence process that we undertake in connection with investments may not reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment” for more information on the risks we face in connection with the due diligence process.

Current wording

Our success largely depends on the identification and availability of suitable investment opportunities for our clients, and in particular the success of funds in which our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts invest. The availability of investment opportunities will be subject to market conditions and other factors outside of our control and the control of the private markets fund managers with which we invest. For example, markets in the last few years experienced meaningful headwinds, including elevated interest rates and volatile geopolitical conditions. Past returns of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts have benefited from investment opportunities and general market conditions that may not continue or reoccur, including favorable borrowing conditions in the debt markets during such historical periods, and there can be no assurance that our specialized funds, customized separate accounts, advisory accounts or the underlying funds in which we invest will be able to avail themselves of comparable opportunities and conditions. There can also be no assurance that the private markets funds we select will be able to identify sufficient attractive investment opportunities to meet their investment objectives. Further, the due diligence investigations we conduct before recommending investments to our clients may not uncover all facts relevant to the suitability of such opportunities. See “—The due diligence process that we undertake in connection with investments may not reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment” for more information on the risks we face in connection with the due diligence process.

Previous wording

Our revenue from our investment management business is derived from fees earned for our management of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts, incentive fees, including carried interest and performance fees, with respect to certain of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts, and monitoring and reporting fees. In the event that our specialized funds, customized separate accounts or individual investments perform poorly, our revenues and earnings derived from incentive fees will decline, and it will be more difficult for us to raise capital for new specialized funds or gain new or retain current customized separate account clients in the future. Furthermore, underlying investments within our specialized funds and customized separate accounts reflect valuations reported elsewhere in this Form 10-K that are determined as of December 31, 2024. Decreases in public markets and credit indices as well as decreases in current or future estimated performance of underlying portfolio companies in quarters ending after that date may result in negative valuation adjustments that will be reported on a three-month lag in accordance with our accounting policy. Adverse investment valuations directly impact our investments, equity in income of investees, unrealized carried interest, AUM and AUA for the period. In addition, if carried interest that was previously distributed to us exceeds the amounts to which we are ultimately entitled, we may be required to repay that amount under a “clawback” obligation. The risk of clawback can occur as a result of diminished investment performance. If we are unable to repay the amount of the clawback, we would be subject to liability for a breach of our contractual obligations. If we are unable to raise or are required to repay capital, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Current wording

Our revenue from our investment management business is derived from fees earned for our management of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts, incentive fees, including carried interest and performance fees, with respect to certain of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts, and monitoring and reporting fees. In the event that our specialized funds, customized separate accounts or individual investments perform poorly, our revenues and earnings derived from incentive fees and certain management fees will decline, and it will be more difficult for us to raise capital for new specialized funds or gain new or retain current customized separate account clients in the future. Furthermore, underlying investments within our specialized funds and customized separate accounts reflect valuations reported elsewhere in this Form 10-K that are determined as of December 31, 2025. Decreases in public markets and credit indices as well as decreases in current or future estimated performance of underlying portfolio companies in quarters ending after that date may result in negative valuation adjustments that will be reported on a three-month lag in accordance with our accounting policy. Adverse investment valuations directly impact our investments, equity in income of investees, unrealized carried interest, AUM and AUA for the period. In addition, if carried interest that was previously distributed to us exceeds the amounts to which we are ultimately entitled, we may be required to repay that amount under a “clawback” obligation. The risk of clawback can occur as a result of diminished investment performance. If we are unable to repay the amount of the clawback, we would be subject to liability for a breach of our contractual obligations. If we are unable to raise or are required to repay capital, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Previous wording

We seek to maintain excellent relationships with general partners and managers of investment funds, including those in which we have previously made investments for our clients and those in which we may in the future invest, as well as sponsors of investments that might provide direct investment opportunities in portfolio companies alongside the sponsoring fund manager. However, because of the number of investors seeking to gain access to investment funds and direct investment opportunities managed or sponsored by the top performing fund managers, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the opportunity to invest on behalf of our clients in all or a substantial portion of the investments we select, or that the size of the investment opportunities available to us will be as large as we would desire. Access to secondary investment opportunities is also highly competitive and is often controlled by a limited number of general partners, fund managers and intermediaries.

Current wording

We seek to maintain excellent relationships with general partners and managers of investment funds, including those in which we have previously made investments for our clients and those in which we may in the future invest, as well as sponsors of investments that might provide direct investment opportunities in portfolio companies alongside the sponsoring fund manager. However, because of the number of investors seeking to gain access to investment funds and direct investment opportunities managed or sponsored by the top performing fund managers, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the opportunity to invest on behalf of our clients in all or a substantial portion of the investments we select, or that the size of the investment opportunities available to us will be as large as we would desire or that the terms of the investments will be as favorable as we have come to expect. Access to secondary investment opportunities is also highly competitive and is often controlled by a limited number of general partners, fund managers and intermediaries.

Previous wording

As we expand the scope of our business, we increasingly confront potential and actual conflicts of interest relating to our advisory and investment management businesses. For example, we may recommend that various advisory clients invest in specialized funds managed by us. Additionally, allocating investment opportunities appropriately frequently involves significant and subjective judgments, and the risk that allocation decisions could be challenged as inconsistent with our obligations under applicable law, governing fund agreements or our own policies cannot be eliminated. It is possible that actual, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to investor dissatisfaction, litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. As a registered investment adviser, we owe our clients a fiduciary duty and are required to provide disinterested advice. Furthermore, as we form and launch more registered investment companies under the Investment Company Act, the risk of triggering potential issues under Section 17 of the Investment Company Act, which prohibits certain transactions between registered investment companies and their affiliates, increases. Identification of the affiliates affected by Section 17 is complex, and at times, subject to interpretive judgment. The SEC may disagree with our interpretation of these prohibitions, heightening our regulatory risks and the risk that an investor and/or a regulator could claim that a transaction violated these rules.

Current wording

As we expand the scope of our business, as well as the investor channels through which our products are offered, we increasingly confront potential and actual conflicts of interest relating to our advisory and investment management businesses. For example, we may recommend that various advisory clients invest in specialized funds managed by us. Additionally, allocating investment opportunities appropriately frequently involves significant and subjective judgments, and the risk that allocation decisions could be challenged as inconsistent with our obligations under applicable law, governing fund agreements or our own policies cannot be eliminated. It is possible that actual, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to investor dissatisfaction, litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. As a registered investment advisor, we owe our clients a fiduciary duty and are required to provide disinterested advice. Furthermore, as we form and launch more registered investment companies under the Investment Company Act, the risk of triggering potential issues under Section 17 of the Investment Company Act, which prohibits certain transactions between registered investment companies and their affiliates, increases. Identification of the affiliates affected by Section 17 is complex, and at times, subject to interpretive judgment. The SEC may disagree with our interpretation of these prohibitions, heightening our regulatory risks and the risk that an investor and/or a regulator could claim that a transaction violated these rules.

Previous wording

Our success depends on our ability to retain our senior management team and to recruit and retain additional qualified investment, sales and other professionals. However, we may not be successful in our efforts, as the market for investment professionals is extremely competitive. The individuals that comprise our senior management team possess substantial experience and expertise and, in many cases, have significant relationships with certain of our clients. Accordingly, the loss or prolonged absence of any one of our senior management team or other key personnel could adversely affect certain client relationships, reduce our productivity or limit our ability to successfully execute our investment strategies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the governing agreements of our specialized funds typically require the suspension of the investment period if, depending on the fund, between two and ten designated members of our senior management team either cease to devote sufficient professional time to or cease to be employed by HLA, often called a “key person event,” or in connection with certain other events. Senior managing directors have left the firm in the past and others may do so in the future. While we cannot predict the impact that the departure of any single senior managing director will have on our ability to achieve our investment objectives, any change to our senior management team could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Our success depends on our ability to retain our senior management team and to recruit and retain additional qualified investment, sales and other professionals. However, we may not be successful in our efforts, as the market for investment professionals is extremely competitive. The individuals that comprise our senior management team possess substantial experience and expertise and, in many cases, have significant relationships with certain of our clients. Accordingly, the loss or prolonged absence of any one of our senior management team or other key personnel could adversely affect certain client relationships, reduce our productivity or limit our ability to successfully execute our investment strategies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the governing agreements of our specialized funds typically require the suspension of the investment period if, depending on the fund, between two and ten designated members of our senior management team either cease to devote sufficient professional time to or cease to be employed by HLA, often called a “key person event,” or in connection with certain other events. Senior managing directors have left the firm in the past and others may do so in the future. While we cannot predict the impact that the departure of any single senior managing director will have on our ability to achieve our investment objectives, any change to our senior management team could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In order to retain and attract qualified investment professionals, we expect to continue to experience a general rise in compensation and benefits expense commensurate with expected growth in headcount and with the need to maintain competitive compensation levels, which could cause our total employee compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of our total revenue to increase and adversely affect our profitability. We also expect to continue to invest both in maintaining our corporate culture and in recruitment activities that serve to increase our pipeline of qualified candidates. If we are not successful in maintaining our culture, we may not be successful in retaining our personnel, and the costs to recruit, train, and retain qualified professionals may increase and adversely impact our profitability. In addition, we may not be able to find suitable successors promptly or be successful in integrating them.

Previous wording

We intend to expand our business and may formulate new business strategies or enter into new geographic markets or strategic partnerships, which may result in additional risks and uncertainties in our business.

Current wording

We intend to expand our business and may formulate new business strategies, offer new products or services or enter into new geographic markets or strategic partnerships, which may result in additional risks and uncertainties in our business.

Previous wording

We currently generate substantially all of our revenue from asset management and advisory services. However, we have and intend to continue to grow our business by offering additional products and services, by formulating new business strategies, by entering into, or expanding our presence in, new geographic markets and by entering into selected strategic partnerships and corporate investments. These activities have and could continue to increase our operational costs and subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar, or from which we are currently exempt, which may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk. For example, we have recently undertaken business initiatives to reach an increasing number of retail investors in the United States and around the world, including seeking to tokenize certain of our funds, which exposes us to greater levels of risk, including heightened litigation, regulatory enforcement and reputational risks. The distribution of retail products, including through tokenization and digital securities exchanges, whether directly or through market intermediaries, can be complex and could expose us to allegations of improper conduct and/or actions by regulators within and outside the United States with respect to, among other things, product suitability, investor classification, compliance with securities laws, conflicts of interest and the adequacy of disclosure to customers to whom our products are distributed through those channels. To the extent distribution of our retail or other products is through third-party distributors with whom we engage, we may not be able to effectively monitor or control the manner of their distribution, which could result in claims that products distributed through such channels are distributed to customers for whom they are unsuitable or that they are distributed in an otherwise inappropriate manner. We are exposed to the risks of reputational damage and legal liability to the extent such third parties we engage, whom we do not control, improperly sell our products to investors. This risk increases as the number of third-party distributors increases.

Current wording

We currently generate substantially all of our revenue from asset management and advisory services. However, we have grown, and intend to continue to grow, our business by offering additional products and services, by formulating new business strategies, by entering into, or expanding our presence in, new geographic markets and by entering into strategic partnerships and corporate investments. These activities have and could continue to increase our operational costs and subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar, or from which we are currently exempt, which may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk. For example, we have recently undertaken business initiatives to reach an increasing number of retail investors in the United States and around the world, including by offering tokenized access to certain of our funds, launching additional evergreen funds, introducing daily-priced interval funds, and establishing new vehicles intended for EEA retail investors and Asia-Pacific investors. These initiatives, as well as our tokenization and digital-distribution initiatives, exposes us to greater levels of risk, including heightened litigation, regulatory enforcement and reputational risks, while also increasing our compliance burden and requiring more complex administration and accounting operations. In addition, distribution of retail products, including through tokenization and digital distribution, whether directly or through market intermediaries, can be complex and could expose us to allegations of improper conduct and/or actions by regulators within and outside the United States with respect to, among other things, product suitability, investor classification, compliance with securities laws, conflicts of interest or the adequacy of disclosure.

Previous wording

In addition, our evergreen funds contain terms that permit investors to request redemption or repurchase of their interests on a periodic basis and, subject to certain limitations, include limits on the aggregate amount of such interests that may be redeemed or repurchased in a given period. Challenging market or economic conditions and liquidity needs could cause elevated redemption or repurchase requests from investors in such products, which can limit the amount of such redemption or repurchase requests that are fulfilled. Such limitations may subject us to reputational harm and may make such vehicles less attractive to investors, which could have a material adverse effect on the cash flows of such vehicles. This may in turn negatively impact the revenues we derive from such vehicles. For more information on the risks associated with our evergreen funds, see “—The exercise of redemption or repurchase rights by investors in our evergreen funds may adversely affect our revenues.”

Current wording

In addition, our evergreen funds contain terms that permit investors to request redemption or repurchase of their interests on a periodic basis, subject to certain limitations, including limits on the aggregate amount of such interests that may be redeemed or repurchased in a given period. Challenging market or economic conditions, negative media coverage, changes in intermediary recommendations, increased competition from substitute products and liquidity needs could cause elevated redemption or repurchase requests from investors in such products, which can limit the amount of such redemption or repurchase requests that are fulfilled. We may redeem or repurchase fewer interests than requested or suspend redemptions or repurchases entirely. Such limitations may subject us to reputational harm and may make such vehicles less attractive to investors, which could have a material adverse effect on the cash flows of such vehicles. This may in turn negatively impact the revenues we derive from such vehicles. For more information on the risks associated with our evergreen funds, see “—The exercise of redemption or repurchase rights by investors in our evergreen funds may adversely affect our revenues.”

Previous wording

To the extent we introduce new types of investment structures, products or services, we will face numerous risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with the possibility that we have insufficient expertise to engage in such activities profitably or without incurring inappropriate amounts of risk, that we do not have the required investment of capital and other resources and that we could potentially lose clients due to the perception that we are no longer focusing on our core business. Further, the expansion into new geographies and strategies (including making products available on the blockchain and through tokenization and digital securities exchanges) has demanded greater management attention and dedication of resources to manage the increasing complexity of operations and regulatory compliance, thereby increasing the risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions being brought against us. Our initiatives to expand our retail investor base, including outside of the United States, requires the investment of significant time, effort and resources, including the hiring of additional personnel, the implementation of new operational, compliance and other systems and processes and the development or implementation of new technology. There is no assurance that our efforts to further grow the assets we manage on behalf of retail investors will be successful.

Current wording

To the extent we introduce new types of investment structures, products or services, we will face numerous risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with the possibility that we have insufficient expertise to engage in such activities profitably or without incurring inappropriate amounts of risk, that we do not have the required investment of capital and other resources and that we could potentially lose clients due to the perception that we are no longer focusing on our core business. Further, the expansion into new geographies and strategies (including making products available on the blockchain and through tokenization and digital securities exchanges) and the launch of daily-priced vehicles has demanded greater management attention and dedication of resources to manage the increasing complexity of operations and regulatory compliance, thereby increasing the risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions being brought against us. Our initiatives to expand our retail investor base, including outside of the United States, requires the investment of significant time, effort and resources, including the hiring of additional personnel, upfront costs in connection with distribution through wirehouses, the implementation of new operational, technological, compliance systems and processes and the development of valuation and liquidity-management frameworks tailored to registered funds and daily-priced products. There is no assurance that our efforts to further grow the assets we manage on behalf of retail investors will be successful. Further, in light of the August 2025 Executive Order on Democratizing Access to Alternative Assets for 401(k) Investors, there may be significant future opportunity for the alternative asset management industry to increase the distribution of products to retail investors through 401(k) accounts. We are likely to face significant competition in addressing such opportunity, which could require us to spend substantial time, effort and resources, and may not ultimately be successful in increasing distribution of our products in this channel. In addition, such expansions increase various risks including the potential for litigation and regulatory scrutiny, oversight or disclosure requirements.

Previous wording

We have and will continue to provide resources to foster the development of new product offerings and business strategies by our investment professionals and launch successor and related products, such that our new strategies seek to achieve a level of scale and profitability. To raise new funds and pursue new strategies, we have and expect to continue to use our balance sheet capital to warehouse seed investments, which may decrease the liquidity available for other parts of our business. In the past, we have supplemented our balance sheet capital for this purpose with proceeds of privately placed debt, and we may choose to issue additional debt in the future to further supplement our capital. If a new strategy or fund does not develop as anticipated or our balance sheet assets cease to provide adequate liquidity, we may be forced to realize losses or become limited in our ability to seed new funds or strategies or support existing ones as currently contemplated. Further, we have from time to time and intend to continue to explore opportunities to grow our business via acquisitions, partnerships, investments or other strategic transactions and have and may continue to use our balance sheet capital or issue shares of Class A common stock to do so. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify, negotiate or complete such transactions, that any completed transactions will produce favorable financial results or that we will be able to successfully integrate an acquired business with ours. Further, our strategic initiatives include the acquisition of minority interests in third parties, in which case we will be subject to additional risks and uncertainties in that we may be dependent upon, and subject to liability for, losses or reputational damage relating to, systems, controls and personnel that are not under our control. In addition, if we choose to issue equity to fund an acquisition, our stockholders may experience dilution.

Current wording

We have and will continue to provide resources to foster the development of new product offerings and business strategies by our investment professionals and launch successor and related products, such that our new strategies seek to achieve a level of scale and profitability. To raise new funds and pursue new strategies, we have and expect to continue to use our balance sheet capital to warehouse seed investments, which may decrease the liquidity available for other parts of our business. In the past, we have supplemented our balance sheet capital for this purpose with proceeds of privately placed debt, and we may choose to issue additional debt in the future to further supplement our capital. If a new strategy or fund does not develop as anticipated or our balance sheet assets cease to provide adequate liquidity, we may be forced to realize losses or become limited in our ability to seed new funds or strategies or support existing ones as currently contemplated. Further, we have from time to time explored, and intend to continue to explore, opportunities to grow our business via acquisitions, partnerships, investments or other strategic transactions and have and may continue to use our balance sheet capital or issue shares of Class A common stock to do so. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify, negotiate or complete such transactions, that any completed transactions will produce favorable financial results or that we will be able to successfully integrate an acquired business with ours. Further, our strategic initiatives include the acquisition of minority interests in third parties, in which case we will be subject to additional risks and uncertainties in that we may be dependent upon, and subject to liability for, losses or reputational damage relating to, systems, controls and personnel that are not under our control. In addition, if we choose to issue equity to fund an acquisition, our stockholders may experience dilution.

Previous wording

The revenues that we earn are driven in part by the amount of capital committed by our clients for investment, our fundraising efforts and the pace at which we make investments on behalf of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts. Declines in the pace or the size of fundraising efforts or investments reduce our revenues. The private markets investing environment continues to see increased competition, which can make fundraising and the deployment of capital more difficult. In addition, many other factors cause declines in the pace of investment, including a market environment characterized by high prices or uncertainty, the unavailability of suitable opportunities for investors and clients to exit existing investments and redeploy realized capital into new investments, the inability of our investment professionals to identify attractive investment opportunities and decreased availability of financing on attractive terms or decreased availability of investor capital, including potentially as a result of a challenging fundraising environment or heightened requests for redemptions or repurchases in our evergreen funds. Further, we may fail to consummate identified investment opportunities because of business, regulatory or legal complexities or uncertainty and adverse developments in the U.S. or global economy, financial markets or geopolitical conditions, and our ability to deploy capital in certain countries may be adversely impacted by U.S. and foreign government policy changes and regulations. In addition, if we are unable to deploy capital at a pace that is sufficient to offset the pace of realizations, our fee revenues could decrease.

Current wording

The revenues that we earn are driven in part by the amount of capital committed by our clients for investment, our fundraising efforts and the pace at which we make investments on behalf of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts. Declines in the pace or the size of fundraising efforts or investments reduce our revenues. The private markets investing environment continues to see increased competition and elevated interest rates, which can make fundraising and the deployment of capital more difficult. In addition, many other factors cause declines in the pace of investment, including a market environment characterized by high prices or uncertainty, the unavailability of suitable opportunities for investors and clients to exit existing investments and redeploy realized capital into new investments, the inability of our investment professionals to identify attractive investment opportunities and decreased availability of financing on attractive terms or decreased availability of investor capital, including potentially as a result of a challenging fundraising environment or heightened requests for redemptions or repurchases in our evergreen funds. Further, we may fail to consummate identified investment opportunities because of business, regulatory or legal complexities or uncertainty and adverse developments in the U.S. or global economy, financial markets or geopolitical conditions, and our ability to deploy capital in certain countries may be adversely impacted by U.S. and foreign government policy changes and regulations. In addition, if we are unable to deploy capital at a pace that is sufficient to offset the pace of realizations, our fee revenues could decrease.

Previous wording

Our indebtedness may expose us to substantial risks, and our cash balances are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held.

Current wording

Our indebtedness may expose us to substantial risks, including to the extent we fail to comply with certain covenants, and our cash balances are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held.

Previous wording

We maintain a Term Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “Term Loan Agreement”), a 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement”), a 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan and Security Agreement (the “2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement”) and a Revolving Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “Revolving Loan Agreement” and, together with the Term Loan Agreement, the 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement and the 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement, the “Loan Agreements”) with JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan”), as successor to First Republic Bank. On October 8, 2024, we issued $100,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.28% senior notes due October 15, 2029 (the “Senior Notes”), pursuant to a note purchase agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) in a private placement among HLA and the purchasers party thereto.

Current wording

We maintain a Term Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “Term Loan Agreement”), a 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement”), a 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan and Security Agreement (the “2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement”) and a Revolving Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, the “Revolving Loan Agreement” and, together with the Term Loan Agreement, the 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement and the 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement, the “Loan Agreements”) with JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan”). Additionally, in 2024, we issued $100,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.28% senior notes due October 15, 2029 (the “Senior Notes”), pursuant to a note purchase agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) in a private placement among HLA and the purchasers party thereto.

Previous wording

The Term Loan Agreement matures on July 1, 2029, the 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement matures on April 1, 2030, the 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement matures on October 1, 2029 and the Revolving Loan Agreement matures on October 7, 2027. For more information on our Loan Agreements and Senior Notes, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Senior Notes and Loan Agreements”.

Current wording

The Term Loan Agreement matures on July 1, 2029, the 2020 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement matures on April 1, 2030, the 2022 Multi-Draw Term Loan Agreement matures on October 1, 2029 and the Revolving Loan Agreement matures on October 7, 2027. For more information on our Loan Agreements and

Previous wording

We expect to continue to utilize debt to finance and grow our operations, which will expose us to the typical risks associated with the use of leverage. An increase in leverage could make it more difficult for us to withstand adverse economic conditions or business plan variances, to take advantage of new business opportunities, or to make necessary capital expenditures. Any portion of our cash flow required for debt service will not be available for our operations, distributions, dividends, stock repurchases or other purposes. Any substantial decrease in net operating cash flows or any substantial increase in expenses could make it difficult for us to meet our debt service requirements or force us to modify our operations. Further, there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain new borrowings or refinance existing borrowings on favorable terms when they mature. Our level of indebtedness may make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and reduce our flexibility in responding to changing business, regulatory and economic conditions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

We expect to continue to utilize debt to finance and grow our business and operations, including warehousing investments for our funds, which will expose us to the typical risks associated with the use of leverage. An increase in leverage could make it more difficult for us to withstand adverse economic conditions or business plan variances, to take advantage of new business opportunities, or to make necessary capital expenditures. Any portion of our cash flow required for debt service will not be available for our operations, distributions, dividends, stock repurchases or other purposes. Any substantial decrease in net operating cash flows or any substantial increase in expenses could make it difficult for us to meet our debt service requirements or force us to modify our operations. Further, there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain new borrowings or refinance existing borrowings on favorable terms when they mature. Our level of indebtedness may make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and reduce our flexibility in responding to changing business, regulatory and economic conditions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

In addition, the availability of capital from our Loan Agreements and our cash balances are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held. Events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any such events or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems or the fear of market-wide liquidity problems. Our material credit facility consists of our Loan Agreements, which are now held at JPMorgan since its purchase of First Republic after that bank’s failure. While the balances and liquidity of the accounts we maintained at First Republic were not materially adversely affected by that bank’s failure, if any of the financial institutions at which we maintain account balances or upon which we rely for credit were to become unstable or insolvent, our ability to access existing cash, cash equivalents and investments, or to access existing or enter into new banking arrangements or facilities to pay operational and other costs, could be threatened or lost, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Our account balances at each institution typically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)

Current wording

In addition, the availability of capital from our Loan Agreements and our cash balances are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held. Events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any such events or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems or the fear of market-wide liquidity problems. Our material credit facility consists of our Loan Agreements, which are now held at JPMorgan. If any of the financial institutions at which we maintain account balances or upon which we rely for credit were to become unstable or insolvent, our ability to access existing cash, cash equivalents and investments, or to access existing or enter into new banking arrangements or facilities to pay operational and other costs, could be threatened or lost, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Our account balances at each institution typically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage of $250,000 per depositor, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. In some cases, we have transferred uninsured cash balances to money market mutual funds.

Previous wording

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the financial covenants contained in our Loan Agreements and the Note Purchase Agreement, including requirements that we maintain a consolidated leverage ratio within a specified range, specified amounts of management fees, a specified amount of adjusted EBITDA, and a specified minimum tangible net worth (as defined in those agreements). These restrictions may limit our flexibility in operating our business, and any failure to comply with these financial and other covenants, if not waived, would cause a default or event of default. Our obligations under the Loan Agreements are secured by substantially all of our assets. In the case of an event of default, creditors may exercise rights and remedies, including the rights and remedies of a secured party, under such agreements and applicable law, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information on our Senior Notes and Loan Agreements, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Senior Notes and Loan Agreements”.

Current wording

The Loan Agreements and the Note Purchase Agreement contain, and any future debt instruments may contain, financial and other covenants that impose requirements on us and limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in certain transactions or activities, including but not limited to: incurring additional debt; providing guarantees in respect of obligations of other persons; making loans, advances and investments; maintaining account balances at other financial institutions; making certain payments in respect of equity interests (including the payment of dividends and other distributions, redemptions and similar payments, payments in respect of warrants, options and other rights, and payments in respect of subordinated indebtedness); and entering into transactions with investment funds and affiliates. Additionally, we are required to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio within a specified range, specified amounts of management fees, a specified amount of adjusted EBITDA, and a specified minimum tangible net worth (as defined in those agreements). These restrictions may limit our flexibility in operating our business, and any failure to comply with these financial and other covenants, if not waived, would cause a default or event of default. Our obligations under the Loan Agreements are secured by substantially all of our assets. In the case of an event of default, creditors may exercise rights and remedies, including the rights and remedies of a secured party, under such agreements and applicable law, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Certain of the specialized funds and customized separate accounts we manage, the funds in which we invest and portfolio companies within our funds and customized separate accounts currently rely on leverage. If our specialized funds, customized separate accounts or the companies in which our specialized funds or customized separate accounts invest raise capital in the structured credit, leveraged loan and high yield bond markets, the results of their operations may suffer if such markets experience dislocations, contractions or volatility. Any such events could adversely impact the availability of credit to businesses generally, the cost or terms on which lenders are willing to lend, or the strength of the overall economy.

Current wording

Certain of the specialized funds and customized separate accounts we manage, the funds in which we invest and portfolio companies within our funds and customized separate accounts currently rely on leverage and are expected to continue to do so. Certain of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts, as well as the companies in which our specialized funds or customized separate accounts invest, raise capital in structured credit, leveraged loan and high yield bond markets. If elevated interest rates persist or further increase or credit markets experience continued or increasing dislocations, contractions or volatility, the results of operations of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts, as well as the companies in which our specialized funds or customized separate accounts invest, may suffer. Any such events could adversely impact the availability of credit to businesses generally, the cost or terms on which lenders are willing to lend, or the strength of the overall economy.

Previous wording

The absence of available sources of sufficient debt financing for extended periods of time or an increase in either the general levels of interest rates or in the risk spread demanded by sources of indebtedness would make it more expensive to finance those investments, and, in the case of rising interest rates, decrease the value of fixed-rate debt investments made by our funds. Certain investments may also be financed through fund-level credit facilities, which may or may not be available for refinancing on favorable terms, or at all, at the end of their respective terms. Further, the cost of borrowing may not be covered by the appreciation of the assets in the investment, which could be exacerbated in difficult market conditions and adversely impact our revenues. We also make arrangements with financial institutions for loans and to hold cash balances on behalf of our clients to fund contributions to and hold distributions from investments. The availability of capital from these debt facilities and cash balances is exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held. Adverse developments that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any such events or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems or the fear of market-wide liquidity problems. If the financial institutions at which our specialized funds’, customized separate accounts’, clients’ or investors’ credit facilities or cash account balances are held were to be placed into receivership or become insolvent, their ability to access existing cash, cash equivalents and investments, or to access existing or new banking arrangements or facilities to fund commitments, could be threatened or lost, which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and results of operations. Account balances at these institutions typically exceed FDIC insurance coverage of $250,000 per depositor, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. Finally, limitations on the deductibility of interest expense on indebtedness used to finance our specialized funds’ investments reduce the after-tax rates of return on the affected investments and make it more costly to use debt financing. Any of these factors may have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Current wording

Reductions in available sources of debt financing, an extended or increased tightening in credit markets, or an increase in either the general levels of interest rates or in the risk spread demanded by sources of indebtedness would make it more expensive to finance investments made by our specialized funds and customized separate accounts and, in the case of rising interest rates, decrease the value of fixed-rate debt investments made by our funds. Certain investments may also be financed through fund-level credit facilities, which may or may not be available for refinancing on favorable terms, or at all, at the end of their respective terms. Further, the cost of borrowing may not be covered by the appreciation of the assets in the investment, which could be exacerbated in difficult market conditions and adversely impact our revenues. We also make arrangements with financial institutions for loans and to hold cash balances on behalf of our clients to fund contributions to and hold distributions from investments. The availability of capital from these debt facilities and cash balances is exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held. Adverse developments that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any such events or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems or the fear of market-wide liquidity problems. If the financial institutions at which our specialized funds’, customized separate accounts’, clients’ or investors’ credit facilities or cash account balances are held were to be placed into receivership or become insolvent, their ability to access existing cash, cash equivalents and investments, or to access existing or new banking arrangements or facilities to fund commitments, could be threatened or lost, which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and results of operations. Account balances at these institutions typically exceed FDIC insurance coverage of $250,000 per depositor, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. Finally, limitations on the deductibility of interest expense on indebtedness used to finance our specialized funds’ investments reduce the after-tax rates of return on the affected investments and make it more costly to use debt financing. Any of these factors may have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Previous wording

Similarly, private markets funds’ portfolio companies regularly utilize the corporate debt markets to obtain additional financing for their operations. The leveraged capital structure of such businesses increases the exposure of the funds’ portfolio companies to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, financial institution risks discussed above, downturns in the economy or deterioration in the condition of such business or its industry. If the portfolio companies in our funds default on their indebtedness, or otherwise seek or are forced to restructure their obligations or declare bankruptcy, we could lose some or all of our investment and suffer reputational harm. Any adverse impact caused by the use of leverage by portfolio companies in which we directly or indirectly invest could in turn adversely affect the returns of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts.

Current wording

In addition, we may invest in businesses with capital structures that have significant leverage. The leveraged capital structure of such businesses increases the exposure of the funds’ portfolio companies to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, decreases in credit availability, financial institution risks discussed above, downturns in the economy or deterioration in the condition of such business or its industry. Tighter credit conditions or higher interest rates may also make it more difficult or more expensive for portfolio companies to refinance or extend existing indebtedness, comply with financial covenants or access incremental debt financing, which could increase the risk of default or restructuring. These factors may make such companies less able to cope with changes in business and economic conditions and may impair the operations, value or sustainability of such companies. If the portfolio companies in our funds default on their indebtedness, or otherwise seek or are forced to restructure their obligations or declare bankruptcy, we could lose some or all of our investment and suffer reputational harm. Any adverse impact caused by the use of leverage by portfolio companies in which we directly or indirectly invest could in turn adversely affect the returns of our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts.

Previous wording

Our business is exposed to the risk that clients that owe us money for our services may not pay us, and investors may default on their obligations to fund their commitments. We believe that these risks increase during periods of economic uncertainty, such as in the case of difficult or volatile market and geopolitical conditions, and if the financial institutions holding cash to be used for funding commitments are in financial distress. If investors in our specialized funds and certain customized separate accounts default on their obligations to fund commitments, there may be adverse consequences on the investment process, and we could incur losses and be unable to meet underlying capital calls. For example, investors in most of our specialized funds make capital commitments to those funds that we are entitled to call from those investors at any time during prescribed periods. We depend on investors fulfilling and honoring their commitments when we call capital from them for those funds to consummate investments and otherwise pay their obligations when due. In addition, certain of our funds and customized separate accounts utilize lines of credit to fund investments. Because interest expense and other costs of borrowings under lines of credit are an expense of the fund or account, the fund’s or account’s net multiple of invested capital may be reduced, as well as the amount of carried interest generated. Any material reduction in the amount of carried interest generated may adversely affect our revenues. We have not had clients or investors fail to honor capital calls to any meaningful extent.

Current wording

Our business is exposed to the risk that clients that owe us money for our services may not pay us, and investors may default on their obligations to fund their commitments. We believe that these risks increase during periods of economic uncertainty, such as in the case of difficult or volatile market and geopolitical conditions, and if the financial institutions holding cash to be used for funding commitments are in financial distress. If investors in our specialized funds and certain customized separate accounts default on their obligations to fund commitments, there may be adverse consequences on the investment process, and we could incur losses and be unable to meet underlying capital calls. For example, investors in many of our specialized funds make capital commitments to those funds that we are entitled to call from those investors at any time during prescribed periods. We depend on investors fulfilling and honoring their commitments when we call capital from them for those funds to consummate investments and otherwise pay their obligations when due. In addition, certain of our funds and customized separate accounts utilize lines of credit to fund investments. Because interest expense and other costs of borrowings under lines of credit are an expense of the fund or account, the fund’s or account’s net multiple of invested capital may be reduced, as well as the amount of carried interest generated. Any material reduction in the amount of carried interest generated may adversely affect our revenues. We have not had clients or investors fail to honor capital calls to any meaningful extent.

Previous wording

When clients retain us to manage assets on their behalf, they specify certain guidelines regarding investment allocation and strategy that we are required to observe in the management of their portfolios. Our failure to comply with these guidelines and other limitations could result in clients terminating their investment management agreement with us, as these agreements generally are terminable without cause on 30 to 90 days’ notice. Clients could also sue us for breach of contract and seek to recover damages from us. Even if we comply with all applicable investment guidelines, a client may be dissatisfied with its investment performance or our services or fees, and may terminate their customized separate accounts or advisory accounts or be unwilling to commit new capital to our specialized funds, customized separate accounts or advisory accounts. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business.

Current wording

When clients retain us to manage assets on their behalf as discretionary manager of a customized separate account, they specify certain guidelines regarding investment allocation and strategy that we are required to observe in the management of their portfolios. Our failure to comply with these guidelines and other limitations could result in clients terminating their investment management agreement with us, as these agreements generally are terminable without cause on 30 to 90 days’ notice. Clients could also sue us for breach of contract and seek to recover damages from us. Even if we comply with all applicable investment guidelines, a client may be dissatisfied with its investment performance or our services or fees, and may terminate their customized separate accounts or advisory accounts or be unwilling to commit new capital to our specialized funds, customized separate accounts or advisory accounts. Any of these events could cause a reduction to our AUM and consequently cause our earnings to decline and materially and adversely affect our business.

Previous wording

There is a risk that our employees, advisors or third-party service providers could engage in misconduct that adversely affects our business. We are subject to a number of laws, obligations and standards arising from our advisory and investment management businesses and our discretionary authority over the assets we manage. The violation of these laws, obligations and standards by any of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers would adversely affect our clients and us by subjecting us to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties or material fines, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation and a general loss of investor confidence. Our business also often requires that we deal with confidential matters of great significance to companies and funds in which we may invest for our clients. If our employees, advisors or third-party service providers were to engage in fraudulent activity, violate regulatory standards or improperly use or disclose sensitive or confidential information, we could be subject to legal or regulatory action and suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial position and current and future business relationships. The pervasiveness of social media and electronic communications and the increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence could also lead to faster and wider dissemination of any adverse publicity or inaccurate information about us, making effective remediation more difficult and further magnifying the reputational risks associated with negative publicity. It is not always possible to detect or deter misconduct, and the precautions we take that seek to detect and prevent undesirable activity may not be effective. In addition, we allow our employees to work on a hybrid schedule or remotely, which has required us to develop and implement additional precautions in order to detect and prevent employee misconduct. Such additional precautions, which may include the implementation of security and other restrictions, may make our systems more difficult and costly to operate and may not be effective in preventing employee misconduct in a remote work environment. If one of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers were to engage in misconduct or were to be accused of misconduct, our business and our reputation could be materially and adversely affected. See “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Extensive government regulation, compliance failures and changes in law or regulation could adversely affect us.”

Current wording

There is a risk that our employees, advisors or third-party service providers could engage in misconduct that adversely affects our business. We are subject to a number of laws, obligations and standards arising from our advisory and investment management businesses and our discretionary authority over the assets we manage. The violation of these laws, obligations and standards by any of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers would adversely affect our clients and us by subjecting us to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties or material fines, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation, reputational damage and a general loss of investor confidence. Our business also often requires that we deal with confidential matters of great significance to companies and funds in which we may invest for our clients. If our employees, advisors or third-party service providers were to engage in fraudulent activity, violate regulatory standards or improperly use or disclose sensitive or confidential information, we could be subject to legal or regulatory action and suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial position and current and future business relationships. The pervasiveness of social media and electronic communications and the increasing prevalence of AI could also lead to faster and wider dissemination of any adverse publicity or inaccurate information about us, making effective remediation more difficult and further magnifying the reputational risks associated with negative publicity. It is not always possible to detect or deter misconduct, and the precautions we take that seek to detect and prevent undesirable activity may not be effective. In addition, we allow our employees to work on a hybrid schedule or remotely, which has required us to develop and implement additional precautions in order to detect and prevent employee misconduct. Such additional precautions, which may include the implementation of security and other restrictions, may make our systems more difficult and costly to operate and may not be effective in preventing employee misconduct in a remote work environment. If one of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers were to engage in misconduct or were to be accused of misconduct, our business and our reputation could be materially and adversely affected. See “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Extensive government regulation, compliance failures and changes in law or regulation could adversely affect us.”

Previous wording

Unlike traditional private market vehicles, which generally do not permit redemptions of fund interests until the liquidation of the fund upon scheduled termination dates, our evergreen funds contain investor liquidity features that permit investors to redeem or repurchase their interests from time to time. Factors that could result in investors leaving our evergreen funds include changes in interest rates or market conditions that make other investments more attractive, changes in or rebalancing due to investors’ asset allocation policies, changes in investor perception regarding our focus or alignment of interest, unhappiness with a fund’s performance or investment strategy, changes in our reputation, departures or changes in responsibilities of key personnel, performance and liquidity needs of fund investors and legal or regulatory issues that investors perceive to have a bearing on the fund. In a declining market, our evergreen vehicles may experience declines in value, and the pace of redemptions and consequent reduction in our assets under management could accelerate. Such declines in value may be both provoked and exacerbated by forced selling of assets, as further described below. Actions taken to meet substantial redemption requests could result in a material adverse effect on the fund’s investments, ability to make new investments or ability to achieve its investment objectives.

Current wording

Unlike traditional drawdown funds, which generally do not permit redemptions of fund interests until the liquidation of the fund upon scheduled termination dates, our evergreen funds, including our funds registered under the Investment Company Act, contain investor liquidity features that permit investors to redeem or repurchase their interests from time to time. Our evergreen funds have grown substantially in recent years and now represent a more significant portion of our AUM and our management and revenues. As these products expand across strategies, geographies and investor types, the potential impact of material redemption or repurchase activity on our business has increased. Factors that could result in investors leaving our evergreen funds include changes in interest rates or market conditions that make other investments more attractive, changes in or rebalancing due to investors’ asset allocation policies, changes in investor perception regarding our focus or alignment of interest, unhappiness with a fund’s performance or investment strategy or liquidity profile, changes in our reputation, negative media coverage of us, our peers or the private markets more broadly, departures or changes in responsibilities of key personnel, performance and liquidity needs of fund investors and legal or regulatory issues that investors perceive to have a bearing on the fund. In a declining market, our evergreen funds, including our funds registered under the Investment Company Act, may experience declines in value, and the pace of redemptions or repurchases and consequent reduction in our assets under management could accelerate. Such declines in value may be both provoked and exacerbated by forced selling of assets, as further described below. Actions taken to meet substantial redemption requests could result in a material adverse effect on the fund’s investments, ability to make new investments or ability to achieve its investment objectives.

Previous wording

To the extent appropriate and permissible under a vehicle’s constituent documents, we may limit redemptions or repurchases in such vehicle for a period of time. This may subject us to reputational harm, make such vehicles less attractive to investors in the future and negatively impact future subscriptions to such vehicles, which could have a material adverse effect on the cash flows of such vehicles and may negatively impact the revenues we derive from them.

Current wording

To the extent appropriate and permissible under a vehicle’s constituent documents and applicable law, we may limit redemptions or repurchases in such vehicle for a period of time. While the use of such tools (or “gates”) is meant to avoid forced asset sales and protect remaining investors in a fund, the use of such tools may be negatively received by investors, as well as distributors or regulators and could lead to negative publicity, which may lead to volatility in the price of our Class A common stock, regulatory inquiries or litigation. Such events may subject us to reputational harm, make such vehicles less attractive to investors in the future and negatively impact future subscriptions to such vehicles, which could have a material adverse effect on the cash flows of such vehicles and may negatively impact the revenues we derive from them. In addition such events could negatively impact future fundraising for our platform more broadly.

Previous wording

In addition, multiple and sustained redemption or repurchase requests could exhaust a fund’s sources of liquidity and create pressure to dispose of investments by a fund sooner than anticipated to satisfy such requests. The investments of such funds are generally illiquid in nature and disposing of such investments within the necessary timeframe could reduce the price at which counterparties are willing to transact. In most cases, transferring such investments requires the consent of a third-party sponsor, and, if such sponsors are unwilling to consent, a fund may need to liquidate a less desirable investment as an alternative. Such accelerated disposition could reduce or eliminate our potential carried interest associated with such investment, and the reduction in such fund’s NAV resulting from the redemption or repurchase would reduce the management fees payable to us.

Current wording

In addition, multiple and sustained redemption or repurchase requests could exhaust a fund’s sources of liquidity and create pressure to dispose of investments by a fund sooner than anticipated to satisfy such requests. The investments of such funds are generally illiquid in nature and disposing of such investments within the necessary timeframe could reduce the price at which counterparties are willing to transact and require the fund to sell investments it would otherwise prefer to continue to hold. In most cases, transferring such investments requires the consent of a third-party sponsor, and, if such sponsors are unwilling to consent, a fund may need to liquidate a less desirable investment as an alternative. Such accelerated disposition could reduce or eliminate our potential carried interest associated with such investment, and the reduction in such fund’s NAV resulting from the redemption or repurchase would reduce the management fees payable to us and may reduce or eliminate any incentive fees or carried interest to which we might otherwise have been entitled.

Previous wording

Finally, the inclusion of redemption or repurchase rights in our evergreen funds create heightened risk of operational error, including with respect to the calculation of NAV. Any such errors could adversely affect the exercise of redemption rights and could adversely affect our revenues and profitability, including as a result of litigation or regulatory investigations.

Current wording

Finally, the inclusion of redemption or repurchase rights in our evergreen funds create heightened risk of operational error, including with respect to the calculation of NAV. Any such errors could adversely affect the exercise of redemption rights and could adversely affect our revenues and profitability, including as a result of investors’ indemnification requirements, litigation and/or regulatory investigations. As we launch and scale funds that strike NAV more frequently, including those that calculate NAV on a daily basis, the complexity and frequency of these operational processes increase as do the potential consequences of any errors.

Previous wording

There are no readily ascertainable market prices for a large number of the investments in our specialized funds, customized separate accounts, advisory accounts or the funds in which we invest. The value of the fund investments of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts is determined periodically by us based on the fair value of such investments as reported by the underlying fund managers. Our valuation of the funds in which we invest is largely dependent upon the processes employed by the managers of those funds. The fair value of investments is determined using a number of methodologies described in the particular funds’ valuation policies. These policies are based on a number of factors, including the nature of the investment, the expected cash flows from the investment, the length of time the investment has been held and other generally accepted valuation methodologies. The value of the equity and credit investments of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts is determined periodically by us using independent third-party valuation firms to aid us in determining the fair value of these investments using generally accepted valuation methodologies. These may include references to market multiples, valuations for comparable companies, public or private market transactions, subsequent developments concerning the companies to which the securities relate, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and projections of such companies made accessible to us and such other factors that we may deem relevant. The methodologies we use in valuing individual investments are based on a variety of estimates and assumptions specific to the particular investments, and actual results related to the investment may vary materially as a result of the inaccuracy of such assumptions or estimates. In addition, because the illiquid investments held by our specialized funds, customized separate accounts, advisory accounts and the funds in which we invest may be in industries or sectors that are unstable, in distress, or undergoing some uncertainty, such investments are subject to rapid changes in value caused by sudden company-specific or industry-wide developments.

Current wording

Our specialized funds, customized separate accounts, advisory accounts and the funds in which we invest generally invest in, among other things, illiquid investments or financial instruments for which there is little, if any, market activity and, accordingly, no readily available market price. We determine the value of fund investments held by our specialized funds and customized separate accounts periodically, based on the fair value of such investments as reported by the underlying fund managers to us. Thus, our valuation of the underlying funds in which we invest is largely dependent upon the processes employed by the underlying fund managers of those funds. The fair value of a fund investment’s underlying assets is determined using a number of methodologies described in the particular fund’s valuation policies, and such fund may engage a third-party valuation agent to assist with such valuation. These valuation methodologies are based on a number of factors, including the nature of the investment, the expected cash flows from the investment, the length of time the investment has been held, restrictions on transfer, local market conditions, control premiums, illiquidity discounts and other generally accepted valuation methodologies, which involve a significant degree of subjective management judgment.

Previous wording

Because there is significant uncertainty in the valuation of, or in the stability of the value of, illiquid investments, the fair values of such investments as reflected in a fund’s NAV do not necessarily reflect the prices that would actually be obtained if such investments were sold. Realizations at values significantly lower than the values at which investments have been reflected in fund NAVs could result in losses for the applicable fund and the loss of potential incentive fees by the fund’s manager and us. Also, a situation in which asset values turn out to be materially different from values reflected in fund NAVs, whether due to error or otherwise, could cause investors to lose confidence in us and may, in turn, result in difficulties in our ability to raise additional capital, retain clients or attract new clients. Further, it is possible that a material fact related to the target of the valuation might be inadvertently omitted from our analysis, resulting in an inaccurate valuation.

Current wording

Because there is significant uncertainty in the valuation of, or in the stability of the value of, illiquid investments, the fair values of such investments as reflected in a specialized fund’s or customized separate account’s NAV do not necessarily reflect the prices that would actually be obtained if such investments were sold. For example, there may be known or unknown liabilities such as tax exposures with respect to investments, especially those outside the United States, which may not be fully reflected in valuations. Realizations at values significantly lower than the values at which investments have been reflected in specialized fund or customized separate account NAVs would result in reduced gains or increased losses for the applicable fund or customized separate account, a decline in certain asset management fees and the loss of potential incentive fees by us. A situation in which specialized fund or customized separate account asset values are overstated, whether due to error or otherwise, could result in overstated management and incentive fees for a particular period. Further, while it is unlikely that one single instance, or even multiple concurrent instances, of a misstated valuation would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations given our large and increasing base of assets under management, a situation in which asset values turn out to be materially different from values reflected in specialized fund or customized separate account NAVs as a result of any factor or circumstance could trigger various notification requirements, cause investors to lose confidence in us and may result in an unanticipated increase in redemption or repurchase requests for certain of our specialized funds or customized separate accounts and difficulties in our ability to raise additional capital, retain clients or attract new clients, particularly if such issues persist. NAV errors or valuation adjustments in vehicles that strike NAV daily could result in a larger number of impacted shareholders and a greater volume of subscriptions and repurchases executed at incorrect prices than in products that strike NAV monthly or quarterly, which could increase the size and frequency of any required reimbursement, re-processing or other remediation.

Previous wording

The SEC has instituted enforcement actions against advisors for misleading investors about valuation. If the SEC were to investigate and find errors in our methodologies or procedures, we and/or members of our management could be subject to penalties and fines, which could harm our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Current wording

The SEC continues to focus on issues related to valuation of private investment vehicles, including consistent application of the methodology, disclosure and conflicts of interest, in its enforcement, examination, and rulemaking activities. Our increased use of registered interval funds and daily-priced evergreen products may subject our valuation practices to heightened scrutiny. If the SEC were to investigate and find errors in our methodologies or procedures, we and/or members of our management could be subject to penalties and fines, which could harm our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, changes in the factors considered by the SEC in its enforcement, examination, and rulemaking activities could have a significant effect on the results of the valuation methodologies used to value our portfolio, and our reported fair values for these assets could vary materially if these factors from prior quarters were to change significantly.

Previous wording

The investments made by our specialized funds and customized separate accounts and recommended by our advisory services may include high-risk, illiquid assets. We generally have made and expect to continue to make principal investments alongside our investors, as the general partner, in our existing private markets funds and certain customized separate accounts and in any new private markets funds we may establish in the future. The private markets funds in which we invest capital generally invest in securities that are not publicly traded. Even if such securities are publicly traded, many of these funds may be prohibited by contract or applicable securities laws from selling such securities for a period of time. Such funds will generally not be able to sell these securities publicly unless their sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. Accordingly, the private markets funds in which we invest our clients’ capital may not be able to sell securities when they desire and therefore may not be able to realize the full value of such securities. This risk is magnified during times of volatile market conditions and economic and geopolitical uncertainty. The ability of private markets funds to dispose of investments is dependent in part on the public equity and debt markets, to the extent that the ability to dispose of an investment may depend upon the ability to complete an IPO of the portfolio company in which such investment is held or the ability of a prospective buyer of the portfolio company to raise debt financing to fund its purchase. In the current market environment, we have experienced a decrease in attractive opportunities to dispose of investments compared to a year ago. Furthermore, large holdings of publicly traded equity securities can often be disposed of only over a substantial period of time, exposing the investment returns to risks of downward movement in market prices during the disposition period. Contributing capital to these funds is risky, and we may lose some or the entire amount of our specialized funds’ and our clients’ investments.

Current wording

The investments made by our specialized funds and customized separate accounts and recommended by our advisory services may include high-risk, illiquid assets. We generally have made and expect to continue to make principal investments alongside our investors, as the general partner, in our existing private markets funds and certain customized separate accounts and in any new private markets funds we may establish in the future. The private markets funds in which we invest capital generally invest in securities that are not publicly traded. Even if such securities are publicly traded, many of these funds may be prohibited by contract or applicable securities laws from selling such securities for a period of time. Such funds will generally not be able to sell these securities publicly unless their sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. Accordingly, the private markets funds in which we invest our clients’ capital may not be able to sell securities when they desire and therefore may not be able to realize the full value of such securities. This risk is magnified during times of volatile market conditions and economic and geopolitical uncertainty. The ability of private markets funds to dispose of investments is dependent in part on the public equity and debt markets, to the extent that the ability to dispose of an investment may depend upon the ability to complete an IPO of the portfolio company in which such investment is held or the ability of a prospective buyer of the portfolio company to raise debt financing to fund its purchase. The exit environment across many of our private markets strategies remains challenging and attractive opportunities to dispose of investments may be limited. Furthermore, large holdings of publicly traded equity securities can often be disposed of only over a substantial period of time, exposing the investment returns to risks of downward movement in market prices during the disposition period. Contributing capital to these funds is risky, and we may lose some or the entire amount of our specialized funds’ and our clients’ investments.

Previous wording

The portfolio companies in which private markets funds have invested or may invest will sometimes involve a high degree of business and financial risk. These companies may be in an early stage of development, may not have a proven operating history, may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, may be subject to extensive regulatory oversight, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position, may have a high level of leverage, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. See “—Dependence on leverage by certain funds, customized separate accounts and portfolio companies subjects us to volatility and contractions in the debt financing markets and could adversely affect the ability of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts to achieve attractive rates of return on those investments, and cash balances maintained for investments are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held.” In addition, these portfolio companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities, and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Portfolio companies in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be subject to additional risks, including tariffs and trade barriers, changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations, risks associated with different types (and lower quality) of available information, expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse political and regulatory developments.

Current wording

The portfolio companies in which private markets funds have invested or may invest will sometimes involve a high degree of business and financial risk. These companies may be in an early stage of development, may not have a proven operating history, may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, may be subject to extensive regulatory oversight, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position, may have a high level of leverage, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. See “—Dependence on leverage by certain funds, customized separate accounts and portfolio companies subjects us to volatility and contractions in the debt financing markets and could adversely affect the ability of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts to achieve attractive rates of return on those investments, and cash balances maintained for investments are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are held.” In addition, these portfolio companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities, and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Portfolio companies in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be subject to additional risks, including tariffs and trade barriers, changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations, risks associated with different types (and lower quality) of available information, less developed or efficient financial markets, expropriation or confiscatory taxation and a less developed or stable or an adverse political and regulatory environment.

Previous wording

We cannot give assurance as to the degree of diversification that will be achieved in any of our specialized funds or customized separate accounts. Difficult market conditions or slowdowns affecting a particular asset class, industry, geographic region or other category of investment could have a significant adverse impact on a given specialized fund or customized separate account if its investments are concentrated in that area, which could result in lower investment returns. Accordingly, a lack of diversification on the part of a specialized fund or customized separate account could adversely affect its investment performance and affect our ability to raise new funds. All of these factors could, as a result, affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

We cannot give assurance as to the degree of diversification that will be achieved in any of our specialized funds or customized separate accounts. In addition, certain of our specialized funds and customized separate accounts may have overlapping investment exposure. Difficult market conditions or slowdowns affecting a particular asset class, industry, geographic region or other category of investment could have a significant adverse impact on a given specialized fund or customized separate account if its investments are concentrated in that area and could adversely affect multiple specialized funds and customized separate accounts if they have overlapping investments. Accordingly, a lack of diversification on the part of a specialized fund or customized separate account could adversely affect its investment performance and affect our ability to raise new funds. If an overlapping investment performs poorly, becomes impaired or otherwise underperforms, the adverse effects may be felt by more than one specialized fund or customized separate account at the same time and the effect of adverse investment performance may be magnified on our business. All of these factors could, as a result, affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Before making or recommending investments for our clients, we conduct due diligence that we deem reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence, we may be required to evaluate important, complex, and sometimes evolving, business, financial, tax, accounting, technological, environmental, social, governance and legal and regulatory issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors and accountants may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of investment and the parties involved. Nevertheless, when conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, we rely on the information available to us, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations, and such an investigation will not necessarily result in the investment ultimately being successful.

Current wording

Before making or recommending investments for our clients, we conduct due diligence that we deem reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence, we may be required to evaluate important, complex, and sometimes evolving, business, financial, credit, tax, accounting, technological, environmental, social, governance and legal and regulatory issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors and accountants may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of investment and the parties involved. Nevertheless, when conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, we rely on the information available to us, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations, and such an investigation will not necessarily result in the investment ultimately being successful or in identifying all risks. In addition, we may not identify or foresee future developments that could have a material adverse effect on an investment, including, for example, rapidly changing fundamentals in a certain sector, geography or asset class, or technological disruption of a specific company or asset or an entire industry, including as a result of the rapid development and implementation of AI.

Previous wording

Finally, some matters covered by our due diligence process, such as ESG, are subject to evolving market and regulatory standards, which we may not accurately or fully anticipate. Our ESG framework does not represent a universally recognized standard, because we continue to observe strategy, asset class, geographic, and regulatory differences in approaches implemented across private markets. Additionally, determining the relative financial materiality of ESG factors within a due diligence process can be subjective. The materiality of ESG risks and impacts on an individual potential investment or portfolio depend on many factors, including the relevant industry, country, asset class and investment strategy and can be amplified or mitigated to varying degrees based on other factors within the investment diligence. There is no guarantee that the criteria utilized, or judgment exercised by us or a third-party ESG specialist we may engage will always reflect the beliefs, values, internal policies or preferred practices of any particular client or stakeholder. Further, the nature and scope of our due diligence with respect to ESG will vary based on the investment, which may present challenges in complying with a globally recognized standard, if one emerges in the future.

Current wording

Finally, some matters covered by our due diligence process, such as responsible investing and sustainability considerations, are subject to evolving market and regulatory standards, which we may not accurately or fully anticipate. Our responsible investing and sustainability due diligence framework does not represent a universally recognized standard, as we continue to observe different frameworks and methodologies being implemented throughout the industry. Selecting and evaluating sustainability risks in connection with investing is subjective by nature. The materiality of sustainability risks and potential impacts on an individual investment or portfolio depend on many factors, including the relevant industry, country, asset class and investment strategy. There is no guarantee that the criteria utilized, or judgment exercised by us or a third-party sustainability specialist we may engage will always reflect the beliefs, values, internal policies or preferred practices of any particular client or stakeholder. Further, the nature and scope of our due diligence with respect to responsible investing and sustainability will vary based on the investment, which may present challenges in complying with a globally recognized standard, if one emerges in the future.

Previous wording

Our database of private markets investments includes funds and direct investments that we monitor and report on for our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts. We rely on our database to provide regular reports to our clients, to research developments and trends in private markets and to support our investment processes. We depend on the continuation of our relationships with the general partners and sponsors of the underlying funds and investments in order to maintain current data on these investments and private markets activity. We also rely on the strength of our relationships to encourage voluntary data sharing and engagement on evolving topics, such as ESG. The termination of such relationships or the imposition of restrictions on our ability to use the data we obtain for our reporting and monitoring services could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are also highly dependent upon the technology platforms within which our data is stored and analyzed, and any disruption in the services provided by such platforms, whether temporary or permanent, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively continue to operate our business without interruption. See “—Operational risks may disrupt our business, damage our reputation, result in financial losses or limit our growth.”

Current wording

Our database of private markets investments includes funds and direct investments that we monitor and report on for our specialized funds, customized separate accounts and advisory accounts. We rely on our database to provide regular reports to our clients, to research developments and trends in private markets and to support our investment processes. We depend on the continuation of our relationships with the general partners and sponsors of the underlying funds and investments in order to maintain current data on these investments and private markets activity. We also rely on the strength of our relationships to encourage voluntary data sharing and engagement on evolving topics, such as responsible investing and sustainability. The termination of such relationships or the imposition of restrictions on our ability to use the data we obtain for our reporting and monitoring services could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are also highly dependent upon the technology platforms within which our data is stored and analyzed, and any disruption in the services provided by such platforms, whether temporary or permanent, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively continue to operate our business without interruption. See “—Operational risks may disrupt our business, damage our reputation, result in financial losses or limit our growth.”

Previous wording

We rely heavily on our and our third-party service providers’ financial, accounting, compliance, monitoring, administration, reporting and other data processing systems and technology platforms, including those of our fund administrators and AIFMs, to conduct our business. If any of these systems do not operate properly, are not operated properly or are disabled or fail, including the loss of or unauthorized access to data, whether caused by fire, natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, computer viruses, malicious actors, negligence, acts of terrorism or war or otherwise, or if our third-party service providers fail to perform as expected, we could suffer a disruption of our business, financial loss, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Isolated incidents involving such matters have occurred in the past but have not had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. If any of our third-party service providers access or use our information for the purpose of competing with us or undermining our efforts, we may lose clients and opportunities, which may adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, we face operational risk from errors made in the execution, confirmation or settlement of transactions, as well as errors in recording, evaluating and accounting for them. Our and our third-party service providers’ data processing systems and technology may be unable to accommodate our growth or adequately protect the information of our clients or address security risks, and the cost of maintaining and improving such systems and technology may increase from our current level. Such a failure or an increase in costs related to such information systems and technology, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. A disaster or a disruption in technology or infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications, cloud-based infrastructure or other services used by us, our third-party service providers or other third parties with whom we conduct business, or a disruption directly affecting our principal offices, could negatively impact our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our business continuation or disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that could result from such a disaster or disruption, and insurance and other safeguards may not reimburse us for the full amount of our losses. We are also subject to the risk that the financial institutions with which we maintain credit facilities or cash account balances fail. For more information on this risk, please see “—Our indebtedness may expose us to substantial risks, and our cash balances are exposed to the credit risks of the financial institutions at which they are …

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

We rely heavily on our and our third-party service providers’ financial, accounting, compliance, monitoring, administration, reporting and other data processing systems and technology platforms, including those of our fund administrators and AIFMs, to conduct our business. If any of these systems do not operate properly, or are disabled or fail, including the loss of or unauthorized access to data, whether caused by fire, natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, cyberattack, ransomware, computer viruses, malicious actors, negligence, acts of terrorism or war or otherwise, or if our third-party service providers fail to perform as expected, we could suffer a disruption of our business, financial loss, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Isolated incidents involving such matters have occurred in the past but have not had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. If any of our third-party service providers access or use our information for the purpose of competing with us or undermining our efforts, we may lose clients and opportunities, which may adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, we have experienced errors in the execution, confirmation or settlement of transactions, as well as errors in recording, evaluating and accounting for them. While these occurrences have been immaterial to our operations as a whole, the repeated occurrence of such events in the future could cause us to lose clients and opportunities. Our and our third-party service providers’ data processing systems and technology may be unable to accommodate our growth or adequately protect the information of our clients or address security risks, and the cost of maintaining and improving such systems and technology may increase from our current level. Such a failure or an increase in costs related to such information systems and technology or transaction errors, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, cash flow and reputation. A disaster or a disruption in technology or infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications, cloud-based infrastructure or other services used by us, our third-party service providers or other third parties with whom we conduct business, or a disruption directly affecting our principal offices, could negatively impact our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our business continuation or disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that could result from such a disaster or disruption, and insurance and other safeguards may not reimburse us for the full amount of our losses. For more information on this risk, please see “—Failure to maintain the security of our information technology networks, or those of our third-…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

Failure to maintain the security of our information technology networks, or those of our third-party service providers, or data security breaches could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Current wording

Failure to maintain the security of our information technology networks, or those of our third-party service providers, or data security breaches could result in loss of data, interruptions in our business, harm to our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.