Bank of Marin Bancorp

Previous wording

The allowance for credit losses on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis at the balance sheet date to present the net amount of loans expected to be collected. The allowance for losses on unfunded loan commitments is based on estimates of the probability that these commitments will be drawn upon according to historical utilization experience, expected loss severity, and loss rates as determined for pooled funded loans. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is a liability account included in interest payable and other liabilities. Management estimates these allowances quarterly using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Current wording

The allowance for credit losses on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis at the balance sheet date to present the net amount of loans expected to be collected. The allowance for losses on unfunded loan commitments is based on estimates of the probability that these commitments will be drawn upon according to historical utilization experience, expected loss severity, and loss rates as determined for pooled funded loans. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is a liability account included in interest payable and other liabilities. Management estimates these allowances quarterly using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit loss experience among the Bank and peer groups provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses.

Previous wording

Our allowance model is particularly sensitive to forecasted and seasonally-adjusted actual California unemployment rates, which increased to 5.1% at December 31, 2023, from 4.1% at December 31, 2022. The ACL model incorporates a one-year forecast. For periods beyond the forecast horizon, the economic factors revert to historical averages on a straight-line basis over a one-year period. We performed a sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2023, and estimated that a 100 basis point change (e.g., 4.5% to 5.5%) in the forecasted unemployment rates over the next four quarters would result in about a 5% change to our allowance for credit losses on loans. This impact does not consider changes to other assumptions for either the quantitative factors, such as probability of default, loss given default, loan mix or cash flows, prepayment/curtailment rates, and individually analyzed loans, or qualitative factors as discussed in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Additionally, because current economic conditions and forecasts can change, as future events are inherently difficult to predict, the estimated credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments could change significantly.

Current wording

Our allowance model is particularly sensitive to forecasted and seasonally-adjusted actual California unemployment rates, which increased to 5.5% at December 31, 2024, from 5.1% at December 31, 2023. The ACL model incorporates a one-year forecast. For periods beyond the forecast horizon, the economic factors revert to historical averages on a straight-line basis over a one-year period through the remaining lives of the loans. We performed a sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2024, and estimated that a 100 basis point change (e.g., 4.5% to 5.5%) in the forecasted unemployment rates over the next four quarters would result in about a 6% changeto our allowance for credit losses on loans. This impact does not consider changes to other assumptions for either the quantitative factors, such as probability of default, loss given default, loan mix or cash flows, prepayment/curtailment rates, and individually analyzed loans, or qualitative factors as discussed in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting

Previous wording

While we believe we use the best information available to determine the allowance for credit losses, our results of operations could be significantly affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in determining the allowance. For information regarding critical estimates related to our allowance for credit losses methodology, the provision for credit losses, and risks to asset quality and lending activity, see ITEM 1A - Risk Factors, the Allowance for Credit Losses section in ITEM 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,

Current wording

While we believe we use the best information available to determine the allowance for credit losses, our results of operations could be significantly affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in determining the allowance. For information regarding critical estimates related to our allowance for credit losses methodology, the provision for credit losses, and risks to asset quality and lending activity, see ITEM 1A - Risk Factors, the Allowance for Credit Losses section in ITEM 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Note 3 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans in ITEM 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.

Previous wording

In 2023, the Company assessed goodwill for impairment by performing a quantitative assessment, which encompassed an income approach and a market approach. The income approach considered such factors as the estimated future cash flows of our reporting unit based on internal long-term forecasts, assumptions concerning potential synergies and other economic benefits, and a discount rate used to present value such cash flows to determine the fair value. The market approach utilized observable market data from comparable public companies, including price-to-tangible book value ratios, to estimate the Company’s fair value. The market approach also incorporated a control premium to represent the Company’s expectation of a hypothetical acquisition. Management used judgment in the selection of comparable companies and included those with similar business activities, and related operating environments. In addition, the selection and weighting of the various fair value techniques may result in higher or lower estimates of fair value. Judgment is applied in determining the weightings between the income approach and the market approach in determining fair value. The results of this assessment indicated the value of goodwill was not impaired as of our annual impairment testing date of November 30, 2023, and there were no changes to our assessment through December 31, 2023.

Current wording

In both 2024 and 2023, the Company assessed goodwill for impairment by performing a quantitative assessment, which encompassed an income approach and two market approaches (peer metrics and recent transactions). The income approach considered such factors as the estimated future cash flows of our reporting unit based on internal long-term forecasts, assumptions concerning potential synergies and other economic benefits, and a discount rate used to present value such cash flows to determine the fair value. The market approach utilized observable market data from comparable public companies, including price-to-tangible book value ratios, to estimate the Company’s fair value. The market approach also incorporated a control premium to represent the Company’s expectation of a hypothetical acquisition. Management used judgment in the selection of comparable companies and included those with similar business activities, and related operating environments. In addition, the selection and weighting of the various fair value techniques may result in higher or lower estimates of fair value. Judgment is applied in determining the weightings between the income approach and the market approach in determining fair value. The results of these assessments indicated the value of goodwill was not impaired as of our annual impairment testing dates of November 30, 2024 and 2023, and there were no changes to our assessment through December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

•Our loan portfolio continues to perform well, with classified loans at 1.56% of total loans as of December 31, 2023, compared to 1.34% as of December 31, 2022. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans made up $23.7 million, or 73%, of total classified loans as of December 31, 2023. Non-accrual loans were 0.39% and 0.12% of total loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Bank continues to proactively identify and manage credit risk within the loan portfolio.

Current wording

•Classified loans made up 2.17% of total loans as of December 31, 2024, compared to 1.56% as of December 31, 2023. The Bank continues to proactively identify and manage credit risk within the loan portfolio.

Previous wording

•Total deposits decreased by $283.3 million to $3.290 billion as of December 31, 2023, from $3.573 billion as of December 31, 2022. As discussed further below, the decline was primarily due to a combination of outflows related to planned business acti vities, some balance declines associated with loan relationships exited during the year, and a number of customers moving cash into alternative investments to capture higher returns, a portion of which was directed to our own wealth management group. In addition, we had some deposit run-off as a result of regional bank failures and industry disruptions in the first half of the year. Non-interest bearing deposits continue to remain strong compared to our peers and madeup 43.8% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023, compared to 51.5% as of December 31, 2022. We believe we are appropriately competitive in regard to deposit pricing, given our relationship banking model, which differentiates Bank of Marin through exceptional service. Estimated uninsured and/or uncollateralized deposits comprised 28% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023.

Current wording

•Total deposits decreased by $70.1 million to $3.220 billion as of December 31, 2024, from $3.290 billion as of December 31, 2023. Non-interest bearing deposits continue to remain strong compared to our peers and madeup 43.5% of total deposits as of December 31, 2024, compared to 43.8% as of December 31, 2023. We believe we are appropriately competitive in regard to deposit pricing, given our relationship banking model, which differentiates Bank of Marin through exceptional service. Estimated uninsured and/or uncollateralized deposits comprised 29% of total deposits as of December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

•All capital ratios were above well-capitalized regulatory requirements. Bancorp's total risk-based capital ratio was 16.89% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 15.90% as of December 31, 2022. Tangible common equity to tangible assets ("TCE ratio") increased to 9.73% as of December 31, 2023, from 8.21% as of December 31, 2022. While we do not intend to sell our held-to-maturity securities, the TCE ratio, net of after-tax unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities as if the losses were realized, was 7.80% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 6.15% as of December 31, 2022 (refer to the discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure in the section below entitled Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures).

Current wording

•All capital ratios were above well-capitalized regulatory requirements. Bancorp's total risk-based capital ratio was 16.54% as of December 31, 2024, compared to 16.89% as of December 31, 2023. Tangible common equity to tangible assets ("TCE ratio") increased to 9.93% as of December 31, 2024, from 9.73% as of December 31, 2023. While we do not intend to sell our held-to-maturity securities, the TCE ratio, net of after-tax unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities as if the losses were realized, was 7.85% as of December 31, 2024 (refer to the discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure in the section below entitled Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures).

Previous wording

•The Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share on January 25, 2024, which was the 75 th consecutive quarterly dividend paid by Bancorp. The dividend was paid on February 15, 2024 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 8, 2024.

Current wording

•The Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share on January 23, 2025, which was the 79 th consecutive quarterly dividend paid by Bancorp. The dividend was paid on February 13, 2025 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 6, 2025.

Previous wording

The following table presents the effects of changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average rates on tax-equivalent net interest income for the years indicated. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balances multiplied by prior period rates. Rate variances are equal to the increase or decrease in rates multiplied by prior period average balances. Mix variances are attributable to the change in yields or rates multiplied by the change in average balances.

Current wording

The following table presents the effects of changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average rates on tax-equivalent net interest income for the years indicated. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balances multiplied by prior period rates. Rate variances are equal to the increase or decrease in rates multiplied by prior period average balances. Mix variances are attributable to the change in yields or rates multiplied by the change in average balances including one day more in the year ended 2024.

Previous wording

In response to the evolving risks to economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the FOMC made two emergency federal funds rate cuts totaling 150 basis points in March 2020. The federal funds rate range remained between 0.0% and 0.25% through the beginning of 2022, putting downward pressure on our asset yields and net interest margin. Beginning in March 2022, the FOMC began successive increases to the federal funds rate due to evolving inflation risks, international political unrest, and oil and other supply chain disruptions. As a result of seven rate adjustments during 2022, the federal funds target rate range increased to between 4.25% and 4.50% at year-end 2022 and our net interest margin increased gradually over the course of the year. In 2023, on each of February 1 st, March 22 nd, May 3 rd, and July 26 th, the FOMC increased the target rate by 25 basis points to a range of 5.25% to 5.50%. Rising interest rates and first quarter disruptions in the banking industry resulted in rapid increases in the cost of funds through rising deposit costs and increased borrowings, putting pressure on the net interest margin. Additional rate increases are not widely anticipated in 2024, as Federal Reserve policymakers continue to monitor inflation and economic developments throughout the year. See ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk for further information.

Current wording

In response to the evolving risks to economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the FOMC made two emergency federal funds rate cuts totaling 150 basis points in March 2020. The federal funds rate range remained between 0.0% and 0.25% through the beginning of 2022, putting downward pressure on our asset yields and net interest margin. The FOMC began increasing rates in March 2022, totaling seven rate increases in 2022 and four additional rate increases in 2023, and ended the year of 2023 at a federal funds target rate range between 5.25% and 5.50%. Rising interest rates resulted in rapid increases in the cost of funds through rising deposit costs and increased average borrowings, putting pressure on our net interest margin. Because market interest rates remained high for longer than many market participants anticipated, during the second quarter of 2024, we sold securities with relatively low yields and redeployed the proceeds to pay off borrowings, invest in higher yielding loans and securities, and position the balance sheet for future acquisitions of similar assets.

Previous wording

The provision in 2023 was due primarily to adjustments to qualitative risk factors from continued uncertainty about inflation and recession risks, the potential impact of rapidly increasing interest rates and other external factors on both our non-owner-occupied commercial real estate and construction portfolios, loan and collateral concentration risks in our construction and commercial real estate portfolios, heightened portfolio management in light of current economic conditions, and continued negative trends in adversely graded loans and/or collateral values for our non-owner occupied commercial real estate office and multi-family real estate portfolios. The allowance for individually evaluated loans increased for a small number of loans that exhibited credit risk characteristics over time that were not indicative of pooled loans in the CECL calculation, including collateral valuation issues caused by persistently higher than average vacancy rates and estimated credit losses from other adjustments to discounted expected cash flows or estimated loss rates. Other elements of the provision included a $406 thousand loss on the note sale of an owner-occupied agricultural commercial real estate loan to an unrelated third party that was charged to the allowance concurrent with the sale and a slight increase in Moody's Analytics' Baseline Forecast of California's unemployment rate, partially offset by the impact of a $45.0 million overall decrease in loans.

Current wording

The provision in 2023 was due primarily to adjustments to qualitative risk factors from continued uncertainty about inflation and recession risks, the potential impact of rapidly increasing interest rates and other external factors on both our non-owner-occupied commercial real estate and construction portfolios, loan and collateral concentration risks in our construction and commercial real estate portfolios, heightened portfolio management in light of current economic conditions, and continued negative trends in adversely graded loans and/or collateral values for our non-owner occupied commercial real estate office and multi-family real estate portfolios.

Previous wording

Non-interest expenses increased $2.6 million to $75.3 million in 2022 from $72.6 million in 2021. Significant fluctuations were as follows:

Current wording

Non-interest expenses increased$2.3 millionto $81.8 million in 2024 from $79.5 million in 2023. Significant fluctuations were as follows:

Previous wording

The provision for income taxes totaled $6.1 million at an effective tax rate of 23.6% in 2023, compared to $16.9 million at an effective tax rate of 26.6% in 2022 and $11.7 million at an effective tax rate of 26.0% in 2021. The decrease in the provision for income taxes in 2023, as compared to 2022, reflected lower pre-tax income. The 300 basis point decrease in the effective tax rate in 2023, as compared to 2022, was primarily due to a larger proportional effect of permanent tax differences on lower pretax income and higher tax-exempt BOLI income. This decrease was partially offset by a reduction in the tax-exempt interest exclusion (due to a larger IRC Section 291(e) interest expense disallowance), compared to 2022. The 60 basis point increase in the effective tax rate in 2022 as compared to 2021 was primarily due to lower BOLI income and the smaller proportion of tax-exempt loan and investment securities interest income to pre-tax income in 2022, partially offset by the non-deductible merger expenses and executive compensation in 2021.

Current wording

The benefit for income taxes totaled $5.4 million at an effective tax rate of 39.2% in 2024, compared to the provision of $6.1 million at an effective tax rate of 23.6% in 2023 and $16.9 million at an effective tax rate of 26.6% in 2022. The reversal in the provision for income taxes in 2024, reflected the impact of the net loss before taxes in the year of $13.8 million compared to net income before taxes of $26.0 million in 2023. The 15.6% increase in the effective tax rate in 2024, as compared to 2023, was due to the treatment of certain permanent differences while in a loss position, such as in 2024. The 300 basis point decrease from 2022 to 2023 was primarily due to a larger proportional effect of permanent tax differences on lower pretax income and higher tax-exempt BOLI income. This decrease was partially offset by a reduction in the tax-exempt interest exclusion (due to a larger IRC Section 291(e) interest expense disallowance), compared to 2022.

Previous wording

We maintain an investment securities portfolio to provide liquidity and generate earnings on funds that have not been loaned to customers. Management determines the maturities and types of securities to be purchased based on liquidity and interest rate risk position, and the desire to attain a reasonable investment yield balanced with risk exposure. The tables below show the composition of the debt securities portfolio by weighted average life at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Weighted average life takes into account the issuer's right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. The weighted average life of the investment portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately 6.6 and 6.8 years, respectively. The effective duration of the investment portfolio was 5.2 and 5.0 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Current wording

We maintain an investment securities portfolio to provide liquidity and generate earnings on funds that have not been loaned to customers. Management determines the maturities and types of securities to be purchased based on liquidity and interest rate risk position, and the desire to attain a reasonable investment yield balanced with risk exposure. The tables below show the composition of the debt securities portfolio by weighted average life at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Weighted average life takes into account the issuer's right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. The weighted average life of the investment portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 5.9 and 6.6 years, respectively. The effective duration of the investment portfolio was 4.8 and 5.2 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Previous wording

The amortized cost of our investment securities portfolio decreased by $326.1 million, or 17.5%, in 2023. In 2023, we sold $214.5 million in available-for-sale securities with an average yield of 2.35%, as part of a balance sheet restructuring, including $75.2 million in debentures of government sponsored agencies, $69.6 million in agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), $25.0 million in corporate bonds, $15.4 million in SBA-backed securities, $14.6 million in agency mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), $13.2 million in obligations of state and political subdivisions, and $1.4 million in asset-backed securities. Offset by a $2.8 million pre-tax gain from the sale of our remaining holdings of Visa Inc. Class B restricted common stock, these sales of available-for-sale securities generated a net pre-tax loss of $5.9 million.

Current wording

The amortized cost of our investment securities portfolio decreased by $240.2 million, or 15.6%, in 2024. In 2024, we sold $325.2 million in available-for-sale securities with an average yield of 1.94%, as part of a balance sheet restructuring, including $190.5 million in agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), $65.0 million in debentures of government sponsored agencies, $39.8 million in agency mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), $18.4 million in SBA-backed securities, $6.0 million in corporate bonds and $5.5 million in obligations of state and political subdivisions. The sales of available-for-sale securities generated a net pre-tax loss of $32.5 million.

Previous wording

We consider agency debentures and CMOs issued by U.S. government sponsored entities to have low credit risk as they carry the credit support of the U.S. federal government. The debentures, CMOs and MBS issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies, SBA-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities made up 86.6% of the portfolio as of December 31, 2023, compared to 86.7% at December 31, 2022. See the discussion in the section captioned “Securities May Lose Value Due to Credit Quality of the Issuers” in ITEM 1A Risk Factors above.

Current wording

We consider agency debentures and CMOs issued by U.S. government sponsored entities to have low credit risk as they carry the credit support of the U.S. federal government. The debentures, CMBSs, CMOs and MBS issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies, SBA-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities made up 85.1% of the portfolio as of December 31, 2024, compared to 86.6% at December 31, 2023. See the discussion in the section captioned “Securities May Lose Value Due to Credit Quality of the Issuers” in ITEM 1A Risk Factors above.

Previous wording

The portion of the portfolio outside the state of California is distributed among twelve states. Of the total investment in obligations of state and political subdivisions, the largest concentrations outside California are in Texas (37.1%), Washington (15.4%), and Wisconsin (9.0%). Our investments in obligations issued by municipal issuers in Texas are either guaranteed by the AAA-rated Texas Permanent School Fund ("PSF"), rated AAA without enhancement, or backed by revenue sources from essential services (such as utilities and transportation).

Current wording

The portion of the portfolio outside the state of California is distributed among twelve states. Of the total investment in obligations of state and political subdivisions, the largest concentrations outside California are in Texas (38.4%), Washington (15.7%), and Wisconsin (9.4%). Our investments in obligations issued by municipal issuers in Texas are either guaranteed by the AAA-rated Texas Permanent School Fund ("PSF"), rated AAA without enhancement, or backed by revenue sources from essential services (such as utilities and transportation).

Previous wording

Loans decreased by $18.8 million in 2023, or 1%, to $2.074 billion as of December 31, 2023, from $2.093 billion as of December 31, 2022. Loan originations were $144.1 million in 2023, compared to $240.2 million in 2022. Non-PPP payoffs were $107.3 million in 2023, compared to $258.5 million in 2022. PPP loan payoffs during 2023 and 2022 were $2.5 million and $107.7 million, respectively. The majority of the payoffs were a result of asset sales, cash payoffs, project completions, and purposeful relationship exits, all of which showcased the Bank's focus on credit quality and proactive engagement with customers. It should be noted that only a minimal amount was refinanced. In addition, $53.1 million of loan amortization from scheduled repayments, net of credit line utilization, contributed to the decline in loan balances for 2023. The originations and payoffs noted above, combined with utilization on lines of credit and amortization on existing loans, resulted in a net decrease for this period.

Current wording

Loans increased by $9.5 million in 2024, or 0.5%, to $2.083 billion as of December 31, 2024, from $2.074 billion as of December 31, 2023. Organic loan originations were $152.6 million in 2024, compared to $144.1 million in 2023. Loan purchases totaled $35.7 million in 2024, compared to none in the prior year. Non-PPP payoffs were $120.2 million in 2024, compared to $107.1 million in 2023. PPP loan payoffs during 2024 and 2023 were $443 thousand and $2.7 million, respectively. The majority of the payoffs were a result of cash payoffs and asset sales. In addition, $57.4 million of loan amortization from scheduled repayments, net of credit line utilization, contributed to the change in loan balances for 2024. The originations and payoffs noted above, combined with utilization on lines of credit and amortization on existing loans, resulted in a net increase for this period.

Previous wording

Non-PPP payoffs as a percentage of beginning-of-year loan balances were 5.1% in 2023 and 11.5% in 2022. Approxim ately 90%, of total loans were secured by real estate as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. For additional information on loan concentration risk, see ITEM 1A, Risk Factors.

Current wording

Approximately 89% and 90% of total loans were secured by real estate as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For additional information on loan concentration risk, see ITEM 1A, Risk Factors.

Previous wording

Commercial real estate loans increased by $5.8 million in 2023, compared to a $34.6 million decrease in 2022. The increase in 2023 was comprised of the $27.5 million increase within the non-owner occupied loan portfolio, partially offset by the $21.7 million decrease within the owner-occupied loan portfolio. The decrease in 2022 was primarily due to cash paydowns as part of ongoing deleveraging, refinancing, and asset sales. Of the commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2023, 79% were non-owner occupied and 21% were owner-occupied. Almost the entire commercial real estate loan portfolio is comprised of term loans for which the primary source of repayment is either the cash flow from leasing activities of the real estate collateral or the operating cash flow of the owner occupant.

Current wording

Commercial real estate loans increased by $43.0 million in 2024, compared to a $5.8 million increase in 2023. The increase in 2024 was comprised of the $54.2 million increase within the non-owner occupied loan portfolio, partially offset by the $11.2 million decrease within the owner-occupied loan portfolio. Of the commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2024, 80% were non-owner occupied and 20% were owner-occupied. Almost the entire commercial real estate loan portfolio is comprised of term loans for which the primary source of repayment is either the cash flow from leasing activities of the real estate collateral or the operating cash flow of the owner occupant.

Previous wording

With the heightened market concern about non-owner-occupied commercial real estate, and in particular the office sector, we are providing the following additional information: We continue to maintain diversity among property types and within our geographic footprint. In particular, our office commercial real estate portfolio in the City of San Francisco represents just 3% of our total loan portfolio and 6% of our total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate portfolio. As of the last measurement period, the weighted average loan-to-value and weighted average debt-service coverage ratios for the entire non-owner-occupied office portfolio were 59% and 1.60x, respectively. For the thirteen non-owner-occupied office loans in the City of San Francisco, the weighted average loan-to-value and debt-service coverage ratios were 67% and 1.00x, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we conducted a review of the refinance risk in our non-owner-occupied commercial real estate portfolio and evaluated 70 loans with commitments of $1.0 million or more, totaling $184.1 million, that mature or reprice in 2024 and 2025. As a result of our assessment, we determined that the refinance risk on these loans is manageable, with weighted average debt service coverage ratios ranging from 1.52 to 1.69 times for maturities and from 1.20 to 1.59 times for repricings based on current market interest rates. As such, we believe the non-owner-occupied commercial real estate portfolio is well-positioned to absorb a higher rate environment at the loans' repricing or maturity dates.

Current wording

With the heightened market concern about non-owner-occupied commercial real estate, and in particular the office sector, we are providing the following additional information: We continue to maintain diversity among property types and within our geographic footprint. In particular, our office commercial real estate portfolio in the City of San Francisco represents just 3% of our total loan portfolio and 5% of our total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate portfolio.

Previous wording

Cons truction loans decreased by $15.2 million in 2023, compared to a decrease of $5.5 million in 2022. The decrease in 2023 was primarily due to $22.2 million in payoffs and $16.9 million in conversions to commercial real estate financing. These decreases were partially offset by $24.5 million in advances on existing construction loans. The decrease in 2022 was primarily due to $46.6 million in payoffs and $3.6 million in conversions to commercial real estate financing. These decreases were partially offset by $37.5 million advanced on existing construction loans and $7.2 million in new financing. Undisbursed construction loan commitments at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $13.9 million and $43.2 million, respectively.

Current wording

Cons truction loans decreased by $62.2 million in 2024, compared to a decrease of $15.2 million in 2023. The decrease in 2024 was primarily due to $44.5 million in conversions to commercial real estate financing following completion of construction and $15.4 million in payoffs. These decreases were partially offset by $11.5 million in new loans and $4.9 million in advances on existing construction loans. The decrease in 2023 was primarily due to $22.2 million in payoffs and $16.9 million in conversions to commercial real estate financing. These decreases were partially offset by $24.5 million in advances on existing construction loans. Undisbursed construction loan commitments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $8.3 million and $13.9 million, respectively.

Previous wording

The allowance for credit losses on loans is calculated in accordance with ASC 326 based on management's best estimate of current expected credit losses over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for estimated prepayments where applicable. The contractual terms exclude anticipated extensions, renewals and modifications. Relevant available information includes historical credit loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, adjustments to historical loss information may be made for differences in current portfolio-specific risk characteristics, environmental conditions or other relevant factors. All specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are charged off against the allowance. The ultimate adequacy of the allowance depends on a variety of complex factors, some of which may be beyond management's control, such as volatility in the real estate market, changes in interest rates and economic and political environments. Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio and reasonable and supportable forecasts, management believes that the $25.2 million allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 was adequate to absorb expected credit losses in our loan portfolio. For additional information on our allowance for credit losses methodology, refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Current wording

The allowance for credit losses on loans is calculated in accordance with ASC 326 based on management's best estimate of current expected credit losses over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for estimated prepayments where applicable. The contractual terms exclude anticipated extensions, renewals and modifications. Relevant available information includes historical credit loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, adjustments to historical loss information may be made for differences in current portfolio-specific risk characteristics, environmental conditions or other relevant factors. All specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are charged off against the allowance. The ultimate adequacy of the allowance depends on a variety of complex factors, some of which may be beyond management's control, such as volatility in the real estate market, changes in interest rates and economic and political environments. Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio and reasonable and supportable forecasts, management believes that the $30.7 million allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2024 was adequate to absorb expected credit losses in our loan portfolio. For additional information on our allowance for credit losses methodology, refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Previous wording

The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.21% at December 31, 2023 and 1.10% at December 31, 2022.

Current wording

The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.47% at December 31, 2024 and 1.21% at December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

Non-accrual loans increased by $5.6 million in 2023, primarily due to $7.6 million in loans designated as non-accrual in 2023 comprised mostly of commercial and industrial and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. These increases were partially offset by the payoff of two owner-occupied commercial real estate loans totaling $1.3 million and four home equity loans totaling $421 thousand, the upgrade of a $223 thousand home equity loan and a $91 thousand personal loan to accrual status, as a result of improved financial condition and performance, and $83 thousand in paydowns. Over 66% of the non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2023 were well-secured by either commercial or residential real estate.

Current wording

Non-accrual loans in 2023 were comprised of mostly of commercial and industrial and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Over 66% of the non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2023 were well-secured by either commercial or residential real estate.

Previous wording

BOLI totaled $68.1 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $67.1 million at December 31, 2022. The $1.0 million increase was primarily due to earnings from the BOLI policies.

Current wording

BOLI totaled $71.0 million as of December 31, 2024, compared to $68.1 million at December 31, 2023. The $2.9 million increase was primarily due to the purchase of $1.2 million in new BOLI policies and earnings from the BOLI policies.

Previous wording

Interest receivable and other assets totaled $74.9 million and $79.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $4.9 million decrease was primarily due to an $8.8 million decrease in net deferred tax assets, as discussed below.

Current wording

Interest receivable and other assets totaled $72.3 million and $74.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $2.7 million decrease was primarily due to a $3.7 million decrease in net deferred tax assets, as discussed below.

Previous wording

Net deferred tax assets totaled $35.1 million and $43.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Deferred tax assets consist primarily of tax benefits expected to be realized in future periods related to temporary differences such as allowances for credit losses and unfunded loan commitments, net operating loss carryforwards, and deferred compensation and salary continuation obligations. The $8.8 million decrease in 2023 was primarily due to an $8.5 million decrease in deferred tax assets related to changes in unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities and an $803 thousand decrease in deferred tax assets related to state franchise tax. These decreases in net deferred tax assets were partially offset by a $399 thousand decrease in deferred tax liabilities related to core deposit intangibles. Management believes deferred tax assets will be realizable due to our expectation that earnings will continue to be at a level adequate to realize such tax benefits. Therefore, no valuation allowance was established as of December 31, 2023 or 2022. For additional information, refer to Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Current wording

Net deferred tax assets totaled $30.6 million and $34.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Deferred tax assets consist primarily of tax benefits expected to be realized in future periods related to temporary differences such as allowances for credit losses and unfunded loan commitments, net operating loss carryforwards, and deferred compensation and salary continuation obligations. The $3.7 million decrease in 2024 was primarily due to an $8.4 million decrease in deferred tax assets related to changes in unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities. The decreases in net deferred tax assets was partially offset by a $3.2 million increase in deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards and $1.6 million increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded loan commitments. Management believes deferred tax assets will be realizable due to our expectation that earnings will continue to be at a level adequate to realize such tax benefits. Therefore, no valuation allowance was established as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. For additional information, refer to Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Previous wording

We held $16.7 million of FHLB stock recorded at cost in other assets at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. We received $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $760 thousand in cash dividends in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For additional information, refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Current wording

We held $16.7 million of FHLB stock recorded at cost in other assets at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. We received $1.5 million, $1.3 million and $1.0 million in cash dividends in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For additional information, refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Previous wording

Deposits decreased by $283.3 million, to $3.290 billion at December 31, 2023, compared to $3.573 billion at December 31, 2022. Non-interest bearing deposits declined to 43.8% of total deposits at December 31, 2023, compared to 51.5% at December 31, 2022.

Current wording

Deposits decreased by $70.1 million, to $3.220 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $3.290 billion at December 31, 2023. Non-interest bearing deposits declined to 43.5% of total deposits at December 31, 2024, compared to 43.8% at December 31, 2023. Deposit outflows included transfers to investment accounts in our wealth management services team and other outflows that did not meet our disciplined pricing strategy given our strong liquidity position. We continued our disciplined and focused approach to relationship management and customer outreach, adding approximately 4,700 new accounts in 2024.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, 59% of deposit balances were held in business accounts, with average balances of $120 thousand per account. The remaining 41% were consumer accounts, with average balances of $41 thousand per account. The largest depositor represented 1.7% of total deposits, and the combined four largest depositors represented 4.6% of total deposits.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, 59% of deposit balances were held in business accounts, with average balances of $127 thousand per account. The remaining 41% were consumer accounts, with average balances of $40 thousand per account. The largest depositor represented 1.3% of total deposits, and the combined four largest depositors represented 4.8% of total deposits.

Previous wording

Balances in the reciprocal deposit network program increased by $250.0 million during 2023 to $424.0 million as of December 31, 2023. Costs associated with network deposits are recorded as non-interest expense and totaled $2.8 million, $258 thousand, and $26 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Current wording

Balances in the reciprocal deposit network program decreased by $19.3 million during 2024 to $404.7 million as of December 31, 2024. Costs associated with network deposits are recorded as non-interest expense and totaled $3.5 million, $2.8 million, and $258 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") under secured lines of credit totaled $1.009 billion and $711.6 million, respectively. The increase in ourborrowing capacity at the FHLB resulted from pledging certain held-to-maturity securities to the Securities-Backed Credit Program in February 2023. Our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRBSF") under a secured line of credit and the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP"), which was new in 2023, totaled $334.2 million and $58.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 we had $135.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively, in unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks to cover short-term borrowing needs.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") under secured lines of credit totaled $948.1 million and $1.009 billion, respectively.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, the Bank had $26.0 million outstanding in short-term borrowings under the BTFP facility at an average rate of 4.83%, compared to $112.0 million in FHLB overnight borrowings as of December 31, 2022 at a rate of 4.65%. Other correspondent bank lines of credit were not utilized as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, the Bank had no outstanding borrowings, compared to $26.0 million outstanding in short-term borrowings under the BTFP facility at an average rate of 4.83% as of December 31, 2023. Other bank lines of credit were not utilized as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Previous wording

We maintain a non-qualified, unfunded deferred compensation plan for certain key management personnel. Under this plan, participating employees may defer compensation, which will entitle them to receive certain payments for up to, but not exceeding, fifteen years commencing upon retirement, death, disability or termination of employment. A similar Deferred Director Fee Plan entitles participating members of the Board of Directors to receive payments as elected by the participant upon separation from service, death, disability or termination of service. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our aggregate payment obligations under both plans totaled $6.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively, and was recorded in interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition.

Current wording

We maintain a non-qualified, unfunded deferred compensation plan for certain key management personnel. Under this plan, participating employees may defer compensation, which will entitle them to receive certain payments for up to, but not exceeding, fifteen years commencing upon retirement, death, disability or termination of employment. A similar Deferred Director Fee Plan entitles participating members of the Board of Directors to receive payments as elected by the participant upon separation from service, death, disability or termination of service. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our aggregate payment obligations under both plans totaled $6.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively, and was recorded in interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition. Decreases in the deferred compensation plans in 2024 mainly resulted from increases in benefit payments to terminated employees.

Previous wording

We have entered into supplemental executive retirement plans ("SERPs") with a select group of executive officers, providing for certain retirement benefits at age 65 and reduced benefits upon early retirement. The annual amount of benefits in either pre-retirement scenario is based on a vesting schedule unique to each executive. The SERP also provides for lump sum benefits in the event of a change in control followed by the termination of the executive. Payments under the SERPs are expected to be funded by income from bank-owned life insurance policies. On December 31, 2023 and 2022, our liabilities under the SERPs totaled $4.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, and were recorded in interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition. The SERPs are unfunded and non-qualified for tax purposes and subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

Current wording

We have entered into supplemental executive retirement plans ("SERPs") with a select group of executive officers, providing for certain retirement benefits at age 65 and reduced benefits upon early retirement. The annual amount of benefits in either pre-retirement scenario is based on a vesting schedule unique to each executive. The SERP also provides for lump sum benefits in the event of a change in control followed by the termination of the executive. Payments under the SERPs are expected to be funded by income from bank-owned life insurance policies. On December 31, 2024 and 2023, our liabilities under the SERPs totaled $4.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, and were recorded in interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition. The SERPs are unfunded and non-qualified for tax purposes and subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

Previous wording

Bancorp's total risk-based capital ratio increased to 16.89% at December 31, 2023, from 15.90% at December 31, 2022. Bancorp's tangible common equity to tangible assets ("TCE ratio") increased to 9.73% at December 31, 2023, from 8.21% at December 31, 2022, primarily due to a decrease in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities and a decrease in tangible assets. Bancorp's TCE ratio, net of after-tax unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities as if the losses were realized, was 7.80% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 6.15% (refer to the discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure in the section below entitled Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures). The Bank's total risk-based capital ratio increased to 16.62% at December 31, 2023, from 15.73% at December 31, 2022, primarily from net income and a decrease in risk-weighted assets, partially offset by $20.0 million in dividends to Bancorp to be used for cash dividends to shareholders and operating costs.

Current wording

Bancorp's tangible common equity to tangible assets ("TCE ratio") increased to 9.93% at December 31, 2024, from 9.73% at December 31, 2023, primarily due todue to the reduction in total assets. Bancorp's TCE ratio, net of after-tax unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities as if the losses were realized, was 7.85% as of December 31, 2024, compared to 7.80%at December 31, 2023 (refer to the discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure in the section below entitled Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures). The Bank's total risk-based capital ratio decreased to 16.13% at December 31, 2024, from 16.62% at December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet loan demand and fund operating activities and deposit withdrawals. We accomplish this goal by maintaining an appropriate level of liquid assets and formal lines of credit with the FHLB, FRBSF and correspondent banks that enable us to borrow funds, as discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statement in ITEM 8 of this report. Our Asset Liability Management Committee ("ALCO"), which is comprised of independent Bank directors and the Bank's Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for approving and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies. The Bank has long-established minimum liquidity requirements that are regularly monitored using metrics and tools similar to those used by larger banks, such as the liquidity coverage ratio, and multi-scenario, long-horizon stress tests. Our contingency funding plan provides for early detection of potential liquidity issues in the market or the Bank and institutes prompt responses that may prevent or alleviate a liquidity crisis. Management monitors liquidity daily and regularly adjusts our position based on current and future liquidity needs. We also have relationships with third-party deposit networks and can adjust the placement of our deposits via reciprocal or one-way sales as part of our cash management strategy, as discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statement in ITEM 8 of this report.

Current wording

The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet loan demand and to fund operating activities and deposit withdrawals. We accomplish this goal by maintaining an appropriate level of liquid assets and formal lines of credit with the FHLB, FRBSF and correspondent banks that enable us to borrow funds as seen in the table below and discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report. Our Asset Liability Management Committee ("ALCO"), which is comprised of Bank directors and the Bank's Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for approving and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies. The Bank has long-established minimum liquidity requirements that are regularly monitored using metrics and tools similar to those used by larger banks, such as the liquidity coverage ratio, and multi-scenario, long-horizon stress tests. Our contingency funding plan provides for early detection of potential liquidity issues in the market or the Bank and institutes prompt responses that may prevent or alleviate a liquidity crisis. Management monitors liquidity daily and regularly adjusts our position based on current and future liquidity needs. We also have relationships with third-party deposit networks and can adjust the placement of our deposits via reciprocal or one-way sales as part of our cash management strategy, as discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 8 of this report.

Previous wording

Net available funding sources, including unrestricted cash, unencumbered available-for-sale securities, and available borrowing capacity, totaled $1.967 billion, or 60% of total deposits, and 213% of estimated uninsured and/or uncollateralized deposits as of December 31, 2023. The Federal Reserve's BTFP facility offers borrowing capacity based on the par value of securities pledged, making it less sensitive to changes in market rates.

Current wording

Net available funding sources, including unrestricted cash, unencumbered available-for-sale securities, and total available borrowing capacity, totaled $1.849 billion, or 57% of total deposits, and 197% of estimated uninsured and/or uncollateralized deposits as of December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

We obtain funds from the repayment and maturity of loans, deposit inflows, investment security maturities, sales and paydowns, federal funds purchases, FHLB advances, other borrowings, and cash flow from operations. Our primary uses of funds are the origination of loans, the purchase of investment securities, withdrawals of deposits, maturity of certificates of deposit, repayment of borrowings, dividends to common stockholders, and operating expenses.

Current wording

We obtain funds from the repayment and maturity of loans, deposit inflows, investment securities sales, maturities and paydowns, federal funds purchases, FRBSF and FHLB advances, other borrowings, and cash flow from operations. Although available as a liquidity source, we have not chosen to utilize brokered deposits. Our primary uses of funds are the origination of loans, the purchase of investment securities and loans, withdrawals of deposits, maturities of certificates of deposit, repayment of borrowings, dividends to common stockholders, share repurchases and operating expenses.