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Penumbra Inc

For the period ended Sep 30, 2025. Filed Nov 5, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Sep 30, 2025 · Filed Nov 5, 2025

PEN$319.21-0.6%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-06-30; filed 2025-07-29.

0001321732-25-000098

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-09-30; filed 2025-11-05.

0001321732-25-000109

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 109 previous paragraphs and 107 current paragraphs.

72 unchanged; 32 reworded; 2 added; 1 removed; 4 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 17 previous and 16 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (2)
Removed paragraphs (1)
Reworded paragraphs (32)

Previous wording

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we made the strategic decision to explore alternative avenues for our immersive healthcare business, and as a result we recorded an impairment charge of $110.3 million related to our immersive healthcare asset group. Refer to Note “4. Impairment of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for more details.

Current wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we made the strategic decision to explore alternative avenues for our immersive healthcare business, and as a result we recorded an impairment charge of $110.3 million related to our immersive healthcare asset group. Refer to Note “4. Impairment and Restructuring Costs of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more details. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we permanently ceased sales of our immersive healthcare products and related commercial operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were no restructuring and related charges for severance and other costs related to the wind down of the immersive healthcare business and no amounts remained unpaid as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

By pioneering these innovations, we support healthcare providers, hospitals and clinics in more than 100 countries, working to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. In the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, 23.2% and 27.1% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. In the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, 22.0% and 26.0% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. Our sales outside of the United States are denominated principally in the euro, with some sales being denominated in other currencies. As a result, we have foreign exchange exposure but do not currently engage in hedging.

Current wording

By pioneering these innovations, we support healthcare providers, hospitals and clinics in more than 100 countries, working to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. In the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, 22.5% and 24.8% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. In the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, 22.2% and 25.6% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. Our sales outside of the United States are denominated principally in the euro, with some sales being denominated in other currencies. As a result, we have foreign exchange exposure but do not currently engage in hedging.

Previous wording

We generated revenue of $339.5 million and $299.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $40.1 million, and revenue of $663.6 million and $578.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $85.5 million. We generated income from operations of $40.8 million and loss from operations of $81.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and income from operations of $81.2 million and loss from operations of $68.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Current wording

We generated revenue of $354.7 million and $301.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $53.6 million, and revenue of $1,018.3 million and $879.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $139.2 million. We generated income from operations of $48.8 million and $35.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and income from operations of $130.0 million and a loss from operations of $33.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Revenue increased $40.1 million, or 13.4%, to $339.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $299.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Overall revenue growth was primarily due to an increase in sales of existing thrombectomy products and new embolization and access products.

Current wording

Revenue increased $53.6 million, or 17.8%, to $354.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $301.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. Overall revenue growth was primarily due to an increase in sales of existing thrombectomy products and new embolization and access products.

Previous wording

Revenue from our global thrombectomy products increased $26.8 million, or 13.1%, to $230.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $203.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in our global thrombectomy products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. thrombectomy products increased by 22.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2025. Prices for our thrombectomy products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Current wording

Revenue from our global thrombectomy products increased $32.3 million, or 15.8%, to $236.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $204.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our global thrombectomy products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. thrombectomy products increased by 18.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2025. Prices for our thrombectomy products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Previous wording

Revenue from our global embolization and access products increased $13.3 million, or 13.9%, to $109.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $95.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in our global embolization and access products was primarily driven by sales of our U.S. embolization and access products, which increased by 12.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2025. Prices for our embolization and access products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Current wording

Revenue from our global embolization and access products increased $21.4 million, or 22.0%, to $118.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $96.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our global embolization and access products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of sales of new products and further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. embolization and access products increased by 29.2% in the three months ended September 30, 2025. Prices for our embolization and access products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Previous wording

Revenue from sales in international markets decreased $2.6 million, or 3.2%, to $78.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $81.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in our international revenue was primarily attributable to a decline in China revenue, partially offset by increases in all other international regions. Revenue from international sales represented 23.2% and 27.1% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Current wording

Revenue from sales in international markets increased $4.9 million, or 6.6%, to $79.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $74.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our international revenue was primarily attributable to growth in our international business, partially offset by a decline in China revenue. Revenue from international sales represented 22.5% and 24.8% of our total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

R&D expenses decreased by $4.3 million, or 8.6%, to $45.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $49.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $3.1 million decrease in personnel-related expenses which reflects lower costs following the exit from our immersive healthcare business in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by additional investment to support our growth.

Current wording

R&D expenses decreased by $2.5 million, or 10.0%, to $22.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $25.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.6 million decrease in one-time expenses in connection with the wind down of the immersive healthcare business.

Previous wording

SG&A expenses increased by $18.1 million, or 12.7%, to $160.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $141.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $17.9 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by an increase in headcount and related expenses to support our growth and a $2.1 million increasein travel-related expenses. This was partially offset by a $2.4 million decrease in amortization expense of finite lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the Sixense acquisition due to the impairment of long-lived assets associated with the immersive healthcare business in the second quarter of 2024.

Current wording

SG&A expenses increased by $29.2 million, or 20.9%, to $168.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $139.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $23.4 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by an increase in headcount and related expenses to support our growth and a $2.7 million increase in costs related to marketing events. This was partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease in one-time expenses in connection with the wind down of the immersive healthcare business.

Previous wording

Our income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was immaterial or 0.1% of income before taxes, compared to income tax benefit of $17.7 million, or 22.7% of income before taxes, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The change in effective tax rate was primarily due an increase in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to our U.S. jurisdiction in the current period.

Current wording

Our income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $6.5 million or 12.4% of income before taxes, compared to $10.3 million or 25.8% of income before taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The change in effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to our U.S. jurisdiction in 2025.

Previous wording

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Current wording

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Previous wording

Revenue increased $85.5 million, or 14.8%, to $663.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $578.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. Overall revenue growth was primarily due to an increase in sales of our new and existing thrombectomy and embolization and access products.

Current wording

Revenue increased $139.2 million, or 15.8%, to $1,018.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $879.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Overall revenue growth was primarily due to an increase in sales of our new and existing thrombectomy and embolization and access products.

Previous wording

Revenue from our global thrombectomy products increased $65.6 million, or 16.8%, to $456.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $391.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in our global thrombectomy products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of sales of new products and further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. thrombectomy products increased by 23.8% in the six months ended June 30, 2025. Prices for our thrombectomy products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Current wording

Revenue from our global thrombectomy products increased $97.9 million, or 16.4%, to $693.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $595.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our global thrombectomy products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of sales of new products and further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. thrombectomy products increased by 22.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Prices for our thrombectomy products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Previous wording

Revenue from our global embolization and access products increased $19.9 million, or 10.7%, to $206.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $186.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in our global embolization and access products was primarily driven by sales of our U.S. embolization and access products, which increased by 14.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2025. Prices for our embolization and access products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Current wording

Revenue from our global embolization and access products increased $41.3 million, or 14.6%, to $325.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $283.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our global embolization and access products was primarily attributable to higher sales volume in the United States as a result of sales of new products and further market penetration of our existing products. Sales of our U.S. embolization and access products increased by 19.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Prices for our embolization and access products remained substantially unchanged during the period.

Previous wording

The following table presents revenue by geographic area, based on our customer’s shipping destination, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Current wording

The following table presents revenue by geographic area, based on our customer’s shipping destination, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Previous wording

Revenue from sales in international markets decreased $4.3 million, or 2.9%, to $145.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $150.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in our international revenue was primarily attributable to a decline in China revenue, partially offset by increases in all other international regions. Revenue from international sales represented 22.0% and 26.0% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Current wording

Revenue from sales in international markets increased $0.6 million, or 0.3%, to $225.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $224.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in our international revenue was primarily attributable to growth in our international business, partially offset by a decline in China revenue. Revenue from international sales represented 22.2% and 25.6% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Gross margin increased by 11.6 percentage points to 66.0% in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from 54.4% in the three months ended June 30, 2024, which included a one-time $33.4 million inventory impairment charge to cost of revenue in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. The impact of the one-time $33.4 million charge decreased our gross margin by 11.1 percentage points in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to Note “4. Impairment of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more details. Excluding the one-time inventory impairment charge, the improvement in gross margin was primarily driven by favorable product mix across our regions and productivity improvements. Gross margin is impacted by product mix, regional mix, and production initiatives to support demand and create future efficiencies. As such, with favorable product mix, improvement in productivity, and by leveraging our fixed costs on higher volume of new product sales during the year, our gross margin may be positively impacted in the future. As we move into the second half of 2025, we expect to see sequential gross margin expansion from favorable product mix and productivity improvements.

Current wording

Gross margin increased by 4.9 percentage points to 66.8% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from 61.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which included a one-time $33.4 million inventory impairment charge to cost of revenue in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. The impact of the one-time $33.4 million charge decreased our gross margin by 3.8 percentage points in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Refer to Note “4. Impairment and Restructuring Costs of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more details. Excluding the one-time inventory impairment charge, the improvement in gross margin was primarily driven by favorable product mix across our regions and productivity improvements. Gross margin is impacted by product mix, regional mix, and production initiatives to support demand and create future efficiencies. As such, with favorable product mix, improvement in productivity, and by leveraging our fixed costs on higher volume of new product sales during the year, our gross margin may be positively impacted in the future.

Previous wording

R&D expenses decreased by $1.7 million, or 6.9%, to $23.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $24.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.4 million decrease in personnel-related expenses which reflects lower costs following the exit from our immersive healthcare business in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by additional investment to support our growth.

Current wording

R&D expenses decreased by $6.8 million, or 9.1%, to $68.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $74.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $3.4 million decrease in personnel-related expenses which reflects lower costs following the exit from our immersive healthcare business in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by additional investment to support our growth, and a $2.6 million decrease in one-time expenses in connection with the wind down of the immersive healthcare business.

Previous wording

SG&A expenses increased by $27.1 million, or 9.5%, to $313.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $286.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $28.0 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by an increase in headcount and related expenses to support our growth and a $3.6 million increase in travel-related expenses. This was partially offset by a $4.8 million decrease in non-recurring litigation related expenses, including settlement costs and legal fees, associated with wage and hour complaints filed against the Company in 2023 and a $4.8 million decrease in amortization expense of finite lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the Sixense acquisition due to the impairment of long-lived assets associated with the immersive healthcare business in the second quarter of 2024.

Current wording

SG&A expenses increased by $56.3 million, or 13.2%, to $482.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $426.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $51.4 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by an increase in headcount and related expenses to support our growth, a $6.0 million increase in costs related to marketing events, and a $5.6 million increase in travel-related expenses. This was partially offset by a $4.8 million decrease in non-recurring litigation related expenses, including settlement costs and legal fees, associated with wage and hour complaints filed against the Company in 2023 and a $4.7 million decrease in amortization expense of finite lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the Sixense acquisition due to the impairment of long-lived assets associated with the immersive healthcare business in the second quarter of 2024.

Previous wording

There were no impairment charges during the three months ended June 30, 2025. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a $76.9 million impairment charge which was primarily comprised of $58.9 million in finite lived intangible assets and $18.0 million in property and equipment, respectively, in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. Refer to Note “4. Impairment of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Current wording

There were no impairment charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a $76.9 million impairment charge which was primarily comprised of $58.9 million in finite-lived intangible assets and $18.0 million in property and equipment, respectively, in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. Refer to Note “4. Impairment and Restructuring Costs of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Previous wording

Our income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $4.7 million, or 5.2% of income before taxes, compared to income tax benefit of $14.1 million or 22.2% of income before taxes, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The change in effective tax rate was primarily due an increase in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to our U.S. jurisdiction in the current period.

Current wording

Our income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $11.1 million or 7.9% of income before taxes, compared to income tax benefit of $3.8 million or 16.2% of income before taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in effective tax rate was primarily due to a discrete tax benefit from the impairment charge related to the immersive healthcare asset group in 2024 and an increase in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to our U.S. jurisdiction in 2025.

Previous wording

As of June 30, 2025, we had $907.7 million in working capital, which included $421.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and $2.8 million in marketable investments. As of June 30, 2025, we held approximately 6.7% of our cash and cash equivalents in foreign entities.

Current wording

As of September 30, 2025, we had $971.9 million in working capital, which included $321.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $149.3 million in marketable investments. As of September 30, 2025, we held approximately 9.2% of our cash and cash equivalents in foreign entities.

Previous wording

We believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our principal liquidity requirements are to fund our operations, expand manufacturing operations which includes, but is not limited to, maintaining sufficient levels of inventory to meet the anticipated demand of our customers, fund research and development activities and fund our capital expenditures. We may also lease or purchase additional facilities to facilitate our growth. For example, during the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company entered into agreements to acquire property in Costa Rica and construct a manufacturing facility and warehouse for the production of medical devices. See Note “5. Balance Sheet Components” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. We expect to continue to make investments as we launch new products, expand our manufacturing operations and information technology infrastructures and further expand into international markets. We may, however, require or elect to secure additional financing as we continue to execute our business strategy. If we require or elect to raise additional funds, we may do so through equity or debt financing, which may not be available on favorable terms, could result in dilution to our stockholders, and could require us to agree to covenants that limit our operating flexibility.

Current wording

We believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our principal liquidity requirements are to fund our operations, expand manufacturing operations which includes, but is not limited to, maintaining sufficient levels of inventory to meet the anticipated demand of our customers, fund research and development activities and fund our capital expenditures. We may also lease or purchase additional facilities to facilitate our growth. For example, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into agreements to acquire property in Costa Rica and construct a manufacturing facility and warehouse for the production of medical devices. See Note “5. Balance Sheet Components” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. We expect to continue to make investments as we launch new products, expand our manufacturing operations and information technology infrastructures and further expand into international markets. We may, however, require or elect to secure additional financing as we continue to execute our business strategy. If we require or elect to raise additional funds, we may do so through equity or debt financing, which may not be available on favorable terms, could result in dilution to our stockholders, and could require us to agree to covenants that limit our operating flexibility.

Previous wording

On August 5, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization in the amount of up to $200.0 million, allowing the Company to repurchase its common stock from time to time at such prices as it deems appropriate through open market purchases, block transactions, privately negotiated transactions, including accelerated share repurchase transactions, or otherwise. The repurchase authorization originally expired on July 31, 2025. Under this authorization, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association to repurchase $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 517,763 shares under the ASR at an aggregate cost of $100.4 million, including legal and financial advisor fees of $0.4 million associated with the repurchase. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had remaining authority to purchase $100.0 million of its common stock under the share repurchase authorization. On July 25, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the repurchase authorization for the remaining $100.0 million to December 31, 2025.

Current wording

On August 5, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization in the amount of up to $200.0 million, allowing the Company to repurchase its common stock from time to time at such prices as it deems appropriate through open market purchases, block transactions, privately negotiated transactions, including accelerated share repurchase transactions, or otherwise. The repurchase authorization originally expired on July 31, 2025. Under this authorization, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association to repurchase $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 517,763 shares under the ASR at an aggregate cost of $100.4 million, including legal and financial advisor fees of $0.4 million associated with the repurchase. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the repurchase authorization for the remaining $100.0 million to December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had remaining authority to purchase $100.0 million of its common stock under the share repurchase authorization.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by operating activities was $93.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and consisted of consolidated net income of $84.5 million and non-cash items of $33.7 million, offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $24.3 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities primarily relates to an increase in inventories of $22.1 million to support our growth, an increase in accounts receivables of $4.2 million, and a decrease in accounts payable of $3.5 million. This was partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $5.5 million.

Current wording

Net cash provided by operating activities was $152.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and consisted of consolidated net income of $130.3 million and non-cash items of $68.1 million, partially offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $46.3 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities primarily relates to an increase in inventories of $25.9 million to support our growth, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets of $17.1 million, an increase in accounts receivables of $12.7 million, and a decrease in accounts payable of $1.5 million. This was partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $10.8 million.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by operating activities was $60.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and consisted of consolidated net loss of $49.2 million and non-cash items of $128.4 million, offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $18.3 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities primarily relates to an increase in inventories of $23.0 million to support our growth and an increase in accounts payable of $5.5 million, due to timing of payments. This was partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.0 million due to timing of invoicing and collections, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets of $2.1 million, and a decrease in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $0.9 million due to timing of payments.

Current wording

Net cash provided by operating activities was $117.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and consisted of consolidated net loss of $19.7 million and non-cash items of $151.7 million, offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $14.7 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities primarily relates to an increase in inventories of $46.0 million to support our growth and an increase in accounts payable of $6.0 million, due to timing of payments. This was partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $23.4 million due to timing of invoicing and collections, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets of $1.7 million, and a decrease in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $0.2 million due to timing of payments.

Previous wording

Net cash used in investing activities was $16.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of capital expenditures of $29.0 million, partially offset by $13.0 million in proceeds from maturities of marketable investments.

Current wording

Net cash used in investing activities was $178.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of purchases of marketable investments, net of proceeds from maturities of $133.6 million and capital expenditures of $45.3 million.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by investing activities was $52.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and primarily consisted of $71.6 million in proceeds from maturities of marketable investments, net of purchases, partially offset by purchases of capital expenditures of $10.4 million and non-marketable investments of $10.0 million.

Current wording

Net cash provided by investing activities was $88.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and primarily consisted of $112.8 million in proceeds from maturities of marketable investments, net of purchases, partially offset by purchases of capital expenditures of $15.8 million and non-marketable investments of $10.0 million.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities primarily relates to proceeds from exercises of stock options and issuances of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, partially offset by payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units and payments towards the reduction of our finance lease obligations.

Current wording

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities primarily relates to proceeds from exercises of stock options and issuances of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, partially offset by payments towards the reduction of our finance lease obligations and payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $17.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of $10.7 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options and proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $8.9 million, partially offset by $1.3 million in payments towards finance leases and $0.5 million of payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units.

Current wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $21.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and primarily consisted of $15.4 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options and proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $8.9 million, partially offset by $1.9 million in payments towards finance leases and $0.6 million of payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $7.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and primarily consisted of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $8.9 million, partially offset by $1.1 million in payments towards finance leases and $0.5 million of payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units.

Current wording

Net cash used in financing activities was $93.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and primarily consisted of repurchases of common stock of $100.4 million, including legal and financial advisor fees, and $1.7 million in payments towards finance leases, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $8.9 million.

Previous wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company entered into agreements to acquire property in Costa Rica and construct a manufacturing facility and warehouse for the production of medical devices. Refer to Note “5. Balance Sheet Components” to our condensed consolidated financial statement in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10 for more information.

Current wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into agreements to acquire property in Costa Rica and construct a manufacturing facility and warehouse for the production of medical devices. Refer to Note “5. Balance Sheet Components” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Gross margin increased by 1.3 percentage points to 67.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2025, from 66.5% in the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily driven by favorable product mix across our regions and productivity improvements. Gross margin is impacted by product mix, regional mix, and production initiatives to support demand and create future efficiencies. As such, with favorable product mix, improvement in productivity, and by leveraging our fixed costs on higher volume of new product sales during the year, our gross margin may be positively impacted in the future.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (4)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Gross margin increased by 6.8 percentage points to 66.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2025, from 59.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2024, which included a one-time $33.4 million inventory impairment charge to cost of revenue in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. The impact of the one-time $33.4 million charge decreased our gross margin by 5.8 percentage points in the six months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to Note “4. Impairment of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more details. Excluding the one-time inventory impairment charge, the improvement in gross margin was primarily driven by favorable product mix across our regions and productivity improvements. Gross margin is impacted by product mix, regional mix, and production initiatives to support demand and create future efficiencies. As such, with favorable product mix, improvement in productivity, and by leveraging our fixed costs on higher volume of new product sales during the year, our gross margin may be positively impacted in the future. As we move into the second half of 2025, we expect to see sequential gross margin expansion from favorable product mix and productivity improvements.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

There were no impairment charges during the six months ended June 30, 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a $76.9 million impairment charge which was primarily comprised of $58.9 million in finite lived intangible assets and $18.0 million in property and equipment, respectively, in connection with the impairment of our immersive healthcare asset group. Refer to Note “4. Impairment of Immersive Healthcare Asset Group” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities