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ExlService Holdings, Inc.

For the period ended Jun 30, 2025. Filed Jul 29, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2025 · Filed Jul 29, 2025

EXLS$43.15-1.1%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-03-31; filed 2025-04-29.

0001297989-25-000008

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-06-30; filed 2025-07-29.

0001297989-25-000014

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 121 previous paragraphs and 146 current paragraphs.

79 unchanged; 36 reworded; 24 added; 4 removed; 2 previous and 7 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 8 previous and 14 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (24)

Current report

Revenue growth in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $16.5 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $16.6 million, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data, partially offset by a foreign exchange loss of $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Revenue growth in International Growth Markets of $12.5 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $11.9 million, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data and a foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

The increase in cost of revenues in International Growth Markets of $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $6.2 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher technology costs of $0.6 million and higher other operating costs $0.5 million. Gross margin in International Growth Markets increased by 100 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Other income, net increased from $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $5.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase is primarily due to higher yield on our investments and reversal of certain contingent liabilities of $0.9 million that were no longer required during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Current report

Net Income. Net income increased from $45.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $66.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher in income from operations of $19.7 million, higher foreign exchange and other income, net of $2.2 million each and lower interest expense by $1.0 million. This was partially offset by higher income tax expense of $4.7 million.

Current report

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Current report

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Current report

Revenue growth in Insurance of $27.5 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Revenue growth in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $48.3 million was primarily driven by the expansion of business from our new and existing clients, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Revenue growth in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $30.9 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $31.2 million, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data, partially offset by a foreign exchange loss of $0.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Revenue growth in International Growth Markets of $23.9 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $24.5 million, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data, partially offset by a foreign exchange loss, net of hedging of $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Cost of revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $72.5 million, or 13.0%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs and technology costs, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging. Our gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 38.2% compared to 37.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of 100 bps primarily driven by higher revenues and operational efficiencies, partially offset by increases in employee-related costs during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

The increase in cost of revenues in Insurance of $12.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $22.8 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, higher technology costs of $1.8 million, partially offset by lower mail and data expenses in our direct marketing business of $9.0 million, other operating costs of $0.9 million and foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $2.4 million. Gross margin in Insurance increased by 180 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

The increase in cost of revenues in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $28.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $26.2 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher facilities costs of $1.2 million, higher technology costs of $1.3 million, and higher other operating costs of $1.3 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.6 million. Gross margin in Healthcare and Life Sciences decreased by 60 bps, primarily due to lower volumes in certain existing clients during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

The increase in cost of revenues in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $17.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $16.3 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher facilities costs of $1.1 million, higher technology costs of $1.1 million, and higher other operating costs of $1.1 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.7 million. Gross margin in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries increased by 70 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

The increase in SG&A expenses of $19.3 million was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $18.0 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher investments in digital and generative AI capabilities of $1.6 million, higher sales and marketing costs of $0.9 million and higher other operating costs of $1.9 million. This increase in SG&A was partially offset by one-time restructuring and litigation settlement costs of $3.1 million incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Current report

The increase in depreciation expense was $2.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to investments in infrastructure, technology assets and digital capabilities.

Current report

Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $36.5 million, or 29.7%, from $123.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $159.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher revenues and higher gross margins, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Current report

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $8.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to a lower effective interest rate of 5.8% during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 6.6% to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Income Tax Expense. The effective tax rate decreased from 22.6% during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 19.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2025. We recorded income tax expense of $32.0 million and $27.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in income tax expense was primarily driven by higher profit and an increase in non-deductible expenses, partially offset by lower state taxes and higher excess tax benefits during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Subsequent to the end of the second quarter of 2025, on July 29, 2025, we entered into an Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreement with Citibank to repurchase shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $125 million, as part of our previously announced 2024 Repurchase Program of $500 million. We plan to fund the repurchase with available cash on hand and/or borrowings from our credit facility.
Removed paragraphs (4)

Previous report

Revenue growth in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $14.5 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $14.7 million and incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data. This was partially offset by decrease in revenues of $0.2 million that was mainly attributable to depreciation of the Indian Rupee against the U.S. dollar during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Previous report

Revenue growth in International Growth Markets of $11.4 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients of $12.6 million and incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of ITI Data. This was partially offset by decrease in revenues of $1.2 million that was mainly attributable to depreciation of the Indian Rupee and Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Reworded paragraphs (36)

Previous wording

•negative public reaction in the U.S. or elsewhere to offshore outsourcing;

Current wording

•negative public reaction in the United States or elsewhere to offshore outsourcing;

Previous wording

In addition, our revenues by service type are now presented as data and AI-led and digital operations services. Revenues attributable to geographical regions are now presented as North America (including the United States, Canada and Mexico), U.K. & Europe, and Rest of World.

Current wording

In addition, our revenues by service type are now presented as data and AI-led and digital operations services. Revenues attributable to geographical regions are now presented as North America (including the United States, Canada and Mexico), the United Kingdom and Europe, and Rest of World.

Previous wording

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we generated revenues of $501.0 million compared to revenues of $436.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $64.5 million, or 14.8%.

Current wording

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we generated revenues of $514.5 million compared to revenues of $448.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $66.1 million, or 14.7%. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we generated revenues of $1,015.5 million compared to revenues of $884.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $130.6 million, or 14.8%.

Previous wording

We serve clients mainly in North America and U.K. & Europe, with these two regions generating 82.9% and 15.1%, respectively, of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 83.0% and 15.0%, respectively, of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

We serve clients mainly in North America, and the United Kingdom and Europe, with these two regions generating 82.2% and 15.1%, respectively, of our total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 82.3% and 14.8%, respectively, of our total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, these two regions generated 82.5% and 14.8%, respectively, of our total revenues and 82.6% and 14.7%, respectively, of our total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, our total revenues from our top ten clients accounted for 33.7% and 33.3% of our total revenues, respectively. Although we continue to develop relationships with new clients to diversify our client base, we believe that the loss of any of our top ten clients could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.

Current wording

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our total revenues from our top ten clients accounted for 33.5% and 33.0% of our total revenues, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our total revenues from our top ten clients accounted for 33.6% and 32.9% of our total revenues, respectively. Although we continue to develop relationships with new clients to diversify our client base, we believe that the loss of any of our top ten clients could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.

Previous wording

Our offerings include digital marketing, new business acquisition, actuarial, underwriting support, claims processing, premium and benefit administration, policy servicing, premium audit, surveys, billing and collection, commercial and residential surveys, finance and accounting and customer service.. This includes our Insurance Large Language Model

Current wording

Our offerings include digital marketing, new business acquisition, actuarial, underwriting support, claims processing, premium and benefit administration, policy servicing, premium audit, surveys, billing and collection, commercial and residential surveys, finance and accounting and customer service. This includes our Insurance Large Language Model (“LLM”), a specialized generative AI platform for claims, underwriting and subrogation, developed leveraging our deep experience and proprietary data in the insurance space.

Previous wording

Pricing: We charge for our services using various pricing models like time-and-material pricing, full-time-equivalent pricing, transaction-based pricing, outcome-based pricing, subscription-based pricing and other alternative or emerging pricing models, such as consumption-based for AI. Outcome-based pricing arrangements is an example of a non-linear pricing model where our revenues from platforms and solutions and the services we provide are compensated based on our clients’ usage or savings rather than the efforts we deploy to provide these services. We continue to observe a shift in the industry pricing models toward transaction-based pricing, outcome-based pricing and other alternative pricing models. We believe this trend will continue and we use such alternative pricing models with some of our current clients and are seeking to move certain other clients from a full-time-equivalent pricing model to a transaction-based or other alternative pricing model. These alternative pricing models place the focus on operating efficiency in order to maintain or improve our gross margins.

Current wording

Pricing: We charge for our services using various pricing models like time-and-material pricing, full-time-equivalent pricing, transaction-based pricing, outcome-based pricing, subscription-based pricing and other alternative or emerging pricing models. Outcome-based pricing arrangements is an example of a non-linear pricing model where our revenues from platforms and solutions and the services we provide are compensated based on our clients’ usage or savings rather than the efforts we deploy to provide these services. We continue to observe a shift in the industry pricing models toward transaction-based pricing, outcome-based pricing and other alternative pricing models. We believe this trend will continue and we use such alternative pricing models with some of our current clients and are seeking to move certain other clients from a full-time-equivalent pricing model to a transaction-based or other alternative pricing model. These alternative pricing models place the focus on operating efficiency in order to maintain or improve our gross margins.

Previous wording

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates referred in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Current wording

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates referred in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Current wording

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Previous wording

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were up by $64.5 million, or 14.8%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by revenue growth from our new and existing clients in all of our reportable segments.

Current wording

Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were up by $66.1 million, or 14.7%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, driven primarily by revenue growth from our new and existing clients in all of our reportable segments.

Previous wording

Revenue growth in Insurance of $13.7 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients, partially offset by lower volumes in our direct marketing business during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Revenue growth in Insurance of $13.7 million was primarily driven by expansion of business from our new and existing clients during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Revenue growth in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $24.9 million was primarily driven by the expansion of business from our new and existing clients and incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of Incandescent Technologies, Inc. (“ITI Data”) during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Revenue growth in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $23.4 million was primarily driven by the expansion of business from our new and existing clients, including incremental revenue from our August 2024 acquisition of Incandescent Technologies, Inc. (“ITI Data”) during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $34.3 million, or 12.5% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs and technology costs, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging. Our gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 38.6% compared to 37.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of 120 basis points (“bps”)

Current wording

Cost of revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $38.2 million, or 13.5% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs and technology costs, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging. Our gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was 37.7%, compared to 37.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of 60 basis points (“bps”) primarily driven by higher revenues and operational efficiencies, partially offset by increases in employee-related costs during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Insurance of $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $10.8 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, higher technology costs of $0.9 million on account of increased subscription to cloud-based software licenses, partially offset by lower mail and data expenses in our direct marketing business of $4.4 million, other operating costs of $1.4 million and foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.4 million. Gross margin in Insurance increased by 280 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Insurance of $7.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $12.1 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, higher technology costs of $0.9 million and higher other operating costs of $0.4 million, partially offset by lower mail and data expenses in our direct marketing business of $4.6 million, and foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.0 million. Gross margin in Insurance increased by 80 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $14.3 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental cost related to acquisition of ITI Data, higher technology costs of $1.1 million on account of increased subscription to cloud-based software licenses, and higher other operating costs of $1.0 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.9 million. Gross margin in Healthcare and Life Sciences decreased by 140 bps primarily due to lower volumes in certain existing clients during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Healthcare and Life Sciences of $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $11.9 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher facilities costs of $1.0 million and higher other operating costs of $0.7 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.6 million. Gross margin in Healthcare and Life Sciences increased by 10 bps primarily due to higher volumes in certain existing clients during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $7.2 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental cost related to acquisition of ITI Data, higher technology costs of $0.5 million on account of increased subscription to cloud-based software licenses, and higher other operating costs $1.1 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.1 million. Gross margin in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries increased by 120 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

The increase in cost of revenues in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries of $10.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $9.0 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher technology costs of $0.6 million and higher other operating costs $1.1 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.6 million. Gross margin in Banking, Capital Markets and Diversified Industries increased by 20 bps, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

The increase in SG&A expenses of $12.1 million was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $9.8 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental cost related to acquisition of ITI Data, higher investments in digital and generative AI capabilities of $0.6 million, higher sales and marketing costs of $0.4 million and higher other operating costs of $1.7 million. This increase in SG&A was partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.4 million, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

The increase in SG&A expenses of $7.0 million was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $8.2 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher investments in digital and generative AI capabilities of $1.0 million, higher sales and marketing costs of $0.5 million and foreign exchange loss, net of hedging of $0.4 million. This increase in SG&A was partially offset by one-time restructuring and litigation settlement costs of $3.1 million incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Previous wording

The increase in depreciation expense was $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to investments in infrastructure, technology assets and digital capabilities.

Current wording

The increase in depreciation expense was $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to investments in infrastructure, technology assets and digital capabilities.

Previous wording

Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $16.9 million, or 27.5%, from $61.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $78.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher revenues and higher gross margins, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Current wording

Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $19.7 million, or 32.0%, from $61.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $81.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher revenues and higher gross margins, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Previous wording

Foreign Exchange Gain, net. Foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily attributable to the movement of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee, the Philippine peso, the U.K. pound sterling and the South African rand during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee increased from 83.12 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 86.52 during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Philippine peso increased from 56.24 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 57.86 during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.K. pound sterling against the U.S. dollar decreased from 1.27 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 1.26 during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the South African rand decreased from 18.96 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 18.49 during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Current wording

Foreign Exchange Gain, net. Foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily attributable to the movement of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee, the Philippine peso, the U.K. pound sterling and the South African rand during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee increased from 83.42 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 85.27 during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Philippine peso decreased from 58.29 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 55.97 during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.K. pound sterling against the U.S. dollar increased from 1.26 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 1.35 during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the South African rand decreased from 18.53 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 18.12 during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Previous wording

We recorded a foreign exchange gain, net of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a foreign exchange gain, net of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

We recorded a foreign exchange gain, net of $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a foreign exchange gain, net of $nil for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Interest expense. Interest expense increased from $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher average borrowings during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to lower average borrowings and a lower effective interest rate of 5.8% during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 6.5% to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Income Tax Expense. The effective tax rate decreased from 22.0% during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 16.9% during the three months ended March 31, 2025. We recorded income tax expense of $13.5 million and $13.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily as a result of higher excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, partially offset by higher profit and increase in non-deductible compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Income Tax Expense. The effective tax rate decreased from 23.2% during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 21.9% during the three months ended June 30, 2025. We recorded income tax expense of $18.6 million and $13.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in income tax expense was primarily as a result of higher profit, partially offset by lower state taxes and higher excess tax benefits during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

The increase in cost of revenues in International Growth Markets of $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $6.4 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental cost related to acquisition of ITI Data and higher technology costs of $1.1 million on account of increased subscription to cloud-based software licenses, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $0.9 million. Gross margin in International Growth Markets increased by 70 bps during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

The increase in cost of revenues in International Growth Markets of $13.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $12.5 million on account of higher headcount and wage inflation, including incremental costs related to the acquisition of ITI Data, higher technology costs of $1.7 million, and higher other operating costs of $0.7 million, partially offset by foreign exchange gain, net of hedging of $1.0 million. Gross margin in International Growth Markets increased by 100 bps during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher revenues and operational efficiencies during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Other income, net increased by $0.7 million, from $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase is primarily due to higher yield on our investments of $1.3 million, partially offset by decrease in contingent consideration liability of $0.6 million related to our June 2022 acquisition of Inbound Media Group, LLC during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Other income, net increased from $7.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase is primarily due to higher yield on our investments and reversal of certain contingent liabilities of $0.9 million that were no longer required during the six months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by reversal of contingent consideration liability of $0.6 million related to our June 2022 acquisition of Inbound Media Group, LLC during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Net Income. Net income increased from $48.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $66.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher income from operations of $16.9 million, higher other income, net of $0.7 million, and lower income tax expense of $0.3 million, partially offset by loss from equity-method investment of $0.1 million.

Current wording

Net Income. Net income increased from $94.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $132.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to increases in income from operations of $36.5 million, higher foreign exchange and other income, net of $3.0 million each and lower interest expense by $0.2 million, partially offset by lower income tax expense of $4.4 million and loss from equity-method investment of $0.3 million.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $331.4 million and $246.2 million, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, of which $305.4 million and $213.7 million, respectively, is located in foreign jurisdictions that upon distribution may be subject to withholding and other taxes. We periodically evaluate opportunities to distribute cash among our group entities to fund our operations, expand our business and make strategic acquisitions in the United States and other geographies, and as and when we decide to distribute, we may have to accrue additional taxes in accordance with local tax laws, rules and regulations in the relevant foreign jurisdictions.

Current wording

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $353.3 million and $340.6 million, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, of which $315.7 million and $296.0 million, respectively, is located in foreign jurisdictions that upon distribution may be subject to withholding and other taxes. We periodically evaluate opportunities to distribute cash among our group entities to fund our operations, expand our business and make strategic acquisitions in the United States and other geographies, and as and when we decide to distribute, we may have to accrue additional taxes in accordance with local tax laws, rules and regulations in the relevant foreign jurisdictions.

Previous wording

Operating Activities: Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash used for operating activities of $21.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting higher cash earnings and lower working capital needs. The major drivers contributing to the increase of $25.1 million year-over-year included the following:

Current wording

Operating Activities: Net cash provided by operating activities was $112.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $53.0 million during six months ended June 30, 2024, reflecting higher cash earnings and lower working capital needs. The major drivers contributing to the increase of $59.6 million year-over-year included the following:

Previous wording

•Increase in cash earnings including adjustments for non-cash and other items contributed higher cash flow of $22.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These adjustments include fair value changes in investments, unrealized foreign currency exchange (gain)/loss, net, stock-based employee compensation, depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets and intangibles acquired in business combinations, among others.

Current wording

•An increase in cash earnings including adjustments for non-cash and other items contributed higher cash flow of $44.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. These adjustments include fair value changes in investments, unrealized foreign currency exchange (gain)/loss, net, stock-based employee compensation, depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets and intangibles acquired in business combinations, among others.

Previous wording

•Changes in accounts receivable, including advance billings, contributed lower cash flow of $12.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. Collections in accounts receivable, including advance billings was driven by revenue growth during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Our days sales outstanding were 67 days as of March 31, 2025, compared to 66 days as of March 31, 2024.

Current wording

•Changes in accounts receivable, including advance billings, contributed lower cash flow of $19.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Collections in accounts receivable, including advance billings, was driven by revenue growth during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Our days sales outstanding were 64 days as of June 30, 2025, compared to 63 days as of June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

•Payment of contingent consideration related to our December 2021 acquisition of Clairvoyant AI, Inc. (“Clairvoyant”) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 contributed to a higher cash payout of $11.0 million, whereas no such payment occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Current wording

•Payment of contingent consideration related to our December 2021 acquisition of Clairvoyant AI, Inc. (“Clairvoyant”) during the six months ended June 30, 2024 contributed to a higher cash payout of $11.0 million, whereas no such payment occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Previous wording

•Changes in other assets, accounts payables including other liabilities contributed to a lower cash payouts of $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

•Changes in other assets, accounts payables including other liabilities contributed to a lower cash payouts of $23.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Investing Activities: Cash used for investing activities was $22.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to cash provided of $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease of $27.0 million was primarily due to higher net purchases of investments of $8.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net redemption of investments of $15.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and higher cash paid for purchase of long-lived assets, including investments in infrastructure, technology assets and digital capabilities of $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Investing Activities: Net cash used for investing activities was $36.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $43.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease of $6.9 million was primarily due to lower net purchase of investments of $11.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This was partially offset by higher cash paid for capital expenditures, including investments in infrastructure, technology assets and digital capabilities of $4.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Financing Activities: Cash provided by financing activities was $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to cash used of $9.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase of $13.2 million was primarily due to lower purchases of treasury stock of $134.2 million under our share repurchase programs during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 and payment of contingent consideration related to our December 2021 acquisition of Clairvoyant of $4.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, with no such payment during the three months ended March 31, 2025. This has been partially offset by net borrowings of $18.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net borrowings of $145.0 million three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

Financing Activities: Net cash used for financing activities was $84.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $27.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase of $57.3 million was primarily due to net repayments of borrowings of $28.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net proceeds from borrowings of $135.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. This was partially offset by lower purchases of treasury stock of $101.0 million under our share repurchase programs during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

We incurred $12.9 million of capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2025. We expect to incur total capital expenditures of between $50.0 million to $55.0 million in fiscal 2025, primarily to meet our growth requirements, including additions to our facilities and infrastructure, as well as investments in technology applications, product development, and other digital technologies.

Current wording

We incurred$27.4 million of capital expenditures during the six months ended June 30, 2025. We expect to incur total capital expenditures of between$50.0 million to$55.0 million in fiscal 2025, primarily to meet our growth requirements, including additions to our facilities and infrastructure, as well as investments in technology applications, product development, and other digital technologies.

Previous wording

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements over the next 12 months. Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, our investments in strategic initiatives like acquisition of complementary businesses, capital expenditures and continued stock repurchases under our board-authorized stock repurchase program, which may require the use of significant cash resources and/or additional financing. We anticipate that we will continue to rely upon cash from operating activities to finance most of our above-mentioned requirements, although if we have significant growth through acquisitions, we may need to obtain additional financing.

Current wording

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements over the next 12 months. Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, our investments in strategic initiatives like acquisition of complementary businesses, capital expenditures and continued stock repurchases, including accelerated stock repurchase under our board-authorized stock repurchase program, which may require the use of significant cash resources and/or additional financing. We anticipate that we will continue to rely upon cash from operating activities to finance most of our above-mentioned requirements, although if we have significant growth through acquisitions, we may need to obtain additional financing.
Rearranged current paragraphs (7)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Due to rounding, the numbers presented in the tables included in this Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” may not add up precisely to the totals provided.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The following table summarizes our revenues by reportable segments:

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were up by $130.6 million, or 14.8%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, driven primarily by revenue growth from our new and existing clients in all of our reportable segments.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin: The following table sets forth cost of revenues and gross margin of our reportable segments:

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Foreign Exchange Gain, net. Foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily attributable to the movement of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee, the Philippine peso, the U.K. pound sterling and the South African rand during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Indian rupee increased from 83.27 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 85.90 during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Philippine peso decreased from 57.27 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 56.91 during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.K. pound sterling against the U.S. dollar increased from 1.26 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 1.31 during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the South African rand decreased from 18.74 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 18.30 during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We recorded a foreign exchange gain, net of $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a foreign exchange gain, net of $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (2)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

(“LLM”), a specialized generative AI platform for claims, underwriting and subrogation, developed leveraging our deep experience and proprietary data in the insurance space.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

primarily driven by higher revenues and operational efficiencies, partially offset by increases in employee-related costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.