APPLIED ENERGETICS, INC.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 30, 2026.
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A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Mar 30, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-28.
0001013762-25-003924
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-30.
0001213900-26-036517
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 70 previous paragraphs and 67 current paragraphs.
25 unchanged; 26 reworded; 14 added; 19 removed; 0 previous and 2 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 2 previous and 2 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (14)
Current report
During the past several years, substantially all of our operating revenues have derived from contracts with DoW agencies and a major research university. Along with the performance of these contracts, we have conducted internal research and development efforts, building a team of scientists and engineers and establishing our testing facilities in the Battle Lab. We have also begun testing products in remote testing field locations, some of them private and some of them run by government agencies or universities. During the past year, our efforts in this area have been focused on preparing for and conducting these tests and preparing product demonstrations.
Current report
Recent Developments and Trends
Current report
Effective May 17, 2025, the company received a requisition from the University of Rochester in the amount of $181,639. This is part of a contractual arrangement with the university in the approximate amount of $250,000 to support its Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) for ongoing efforts to explore pulsed laser technologies. Work on the contract commenced on July 10, 2025 with a meeting at Applied Energetics headquarters in Tucson, AZ with Dr. Jon Zuegel, Laser Development and Engineering Division Director and a Senior Scientist at the LLE to discuss the research to be provided by the company. We completed work under the requisition and have worked with the University of Rochester to plan and commence work on the next phase. We have submitted our portion of the proposal for the next phase and are awaiting receipt of the formal contract revision.
Current report
During 2024 and through mid-2025, we continued work on our 2023 contract with the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to develop a high-peak and high-average power USP optical system which had an aggregate contract price of $1.99 million payable over two years as the company delivered its work. In the second quarter of 2025, the company was notified that no further funds were available for this contract and advised to stop work on it. The contract is now closed, and receipt of additional amounts under it, including for any work to be performed, is in doubt. The company has continued working in parallel on this technology as part of its ongoing internal research and development program.
Current report
During 2024 and through mid-2025, we continued work on our other contract with the ONR to accelerate the development and testing of Infrared (IR) optical technology with an ultrashort pulse laser (USPL) system, under a base period of performance through November 11, 2024 and a 12-month unfunded option period that was to end November 11, 2025, which had transitioned from a grant in March of 2024, with a ceiling value of $1,217,535. On September 4, 2024, the company received a funding increase of $237,647 which brought the total funding on the contract to $1,455,182. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the company was notified that funding had ceased for this contract. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company received notice that the contract was closed. The company has ceased recording revenue for this contract, and receipt of additional amounts under it is in doubt. The company has continued working in parallel on this technology as part of its ongoing internal research and development program.
Current report
During the fourth quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026, the company began conducting field tests of certain of its lasers. To do so, it has made arrangements to use existing testing facilities maintained by third parties, including a private entity and a research university. The costs and availability of these testing facilities vary, depending on prior reservations and the minimum length of time needed for each field test. To facilitate these testing outings and make the time spent in the field more efficient, the company has also purchased an ATC Command/Response Trailer which is outfitted with a ramp door for access to the laser being tested, air conditioning for climate control, a generator, and workstations to enable the team to make adjustments to the lasers being tested in real time in the field. To date, our team has conducted four such field tests, and in the fourth of these, we completely disabled the sensor on a drone at a range that meets specifications provided to us by prospective customers.
Current report
Geo-political events continue to affect our business. In particular, the ongoing military action in the Middle East has restricted the flow of oil and liquid natural gas worldwide and is driving up the price of goods and services which include supplies, materials and equipment which we need for our business. Also, certain economic events and policies, such as tariffs and embargoes, tend to be inflationary and contribute to drive up costs.
Current report
Revenue decreased by approximately $1,965,000, or 81%, to approximately $462,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, from approximately $2,427,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in revenue was primarily the result of the suspension of work on two active customer contracts. In April 2025, we were notified by a customer that no further funds were available for two of our contracts, resulting in a decrease in revenue for the period. Although the contracts remain open, the Company was advised to stop work and has accordingly suspended all activities under those contracts. Despite the suspension, the Company continues to advance the underlying technology through its internal research and development efforts. Both the customer and the Company are actively seeking alternative sources of funding, including from within the original contracting agency and other departments of the DoW.
Current report
Cost of revenue decreased by approximately $1,267,000, or 86%, to approximately $213,000 for year ended December 31, 2025, from $1,480,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to the suspension of two active customer contracts during the second quarter of 2025 after the Company was notified that the contracts were unfunded. As a result, work under those contracts was suspended, which reduced contract labor and materials costs. Additionally, during the period the Company shifted a portion of its operational focus toward internal research and development activities.
Current report
General and administrative expenses increased approximately $2,649,000, or 28%, to $12,159,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $9,510,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase primarily relates to higher payroll and related costs of approximately $584,000, increased professional fees of approximately $258,000, and $1,400,000 of stock-based compensation expense. The increase also includes materials and supplies of approximately $215,000 and other general and administrative expenses of approximately $170,000.
Current report
Selling and Marketing expenses increased approximately $975,000, or 260%, to $1,350,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $375,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase of approximately $758,000 related to the development and installation of the Battle Lab and related demonstrations of our technology as well as an increase of approximately $205,000 for labor and the increase in business development activities.
Current report
Other income increased approximately $55,000, or 2568%, to $57,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to other expenses of $2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The change was primarily attributable to the write-off of an obligation of approximately $50,000, as management concluded that the obligation was no longer probable of settlement and the balance was derecognized from the Company’s balance sheet. In addition, the period-over-period fluctuation was impacted by higher average cash balances, which resulted in an increase in interest income earned during the year.
Current report
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. In their report accompanying our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, our independent auditors stated that our financial statements were prepared assuming that we would continue as a going concern and that they have substantial doubt as to our ability to do so for one year from the date the financial statements are issued based on our recurring losses from operations and need to raise additional capital. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of assets and the amount or classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Current report
At December 31, 2025, the company had total current assets of $6,969,464 and total current liabilities of $840,346 resulting in working capital of $6,129,118. At December 31, 2025, we had $6,436,082 cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $6,271,270 from $164,812 at December 31, 2024.
Removed paragraphs (19)
Previous report
Applied Energetics had previously entered into a Memorandum of Understand (MOU) with Kord, effective October 28, 2024, to further the development and deployment of Applied Energetics’ ultrashort pulsed laser (USPL) technology for defense and national security applications. The MOU outlines key areas of cooperation, including joint research and development, integration of Applied Energetics’ USPL technologies into an existing high-energy laser directed energy platform, and the exploration of new opportunities to enhance both companies’ product portfolios.
Previous report
Effective March 12, 2024, a grant previously awarded to Applied Energetics, Inc. from the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research was transitioned into a contract. The original grant from May 2022 had a two-year period of performance. The new contract supersedes the grant and carries a ceiling value of $1,217,535 under a base period of performance through November 11, 2024 and a 12-month unfunded option period that ends November 11, 2025. On September 4, 2024, the company received a funding increase on this contract of $237,647 bringing the total funding on the contract to $1,455,182.
Previous report
Effective August 23, 2023, Applied Energetics executed a contract with the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research with an aggregate contract price of $1.99 million payable over two years as the company performs its obligations under the contract. The objective of the contract is to develop a high-peak and high-average power USP optical system. The system is expected to demonstrate effects compatible with multiple Navy platforms and missions with an attractive size, weight, and power-cooling footprint. The company’s continuing development efforts in collaboration with ONR signify the importance of sustained development and maturation of USP-based directed energy systems to support the Navy’s technological priorities. Work on this contract is ongoing.
Previous report
AE’s team continues to be invited to, and complete, multiple briefings focused on our capabilities and our submissions and to submit contract proposals.
Previous report
Strategic Plan and Analysis
Previous report
The core of our strategy has been to continue growing our management and science teams with highly qualified individuals. This has driven our recruitment efforts in the areas of R&D, science, modeling and simulation, marketing and finance. We are also contemplating adding members to our Board of Directors and our Board of Advisors. Our board and leadership team have worked to align key innovations with our roadmap to encourage and enable internal filing for a broad, strategic, and robust intellectual property portfolio and continue surveying the literature for acquisitions of parallel intellectual property to that end. We also intend to pursue strategic corporate acquisitions in related fields and technology. The company’s management continues to explore any favorable equity financing opportunities.
Previous report
Our goal with the Applied Energetics Strategic Plan is to increase the energy, peak power and frequency agility of USP optical sources while decreasing the size, weight, and cost of these systems. We are in the process of developing this breadth of very high peak power USP lasers and additional optical sources that have a very broad range of applicability for threat disruption for the Department of Defense, commercial, and biomedical applications, such as biophotonic illumination and imaging. Although the historical market for Applied Energetics’ LGE and USP technology is the U.S. Government, the USP technologies are expected to provide numerous platforms for commercial additive and subtractive manufacturing and biomedical and imaging markets, creating a substantially larger market for our products to address. Since 2020, the Applied Energetics team has been able to develop partnership and teaming arrangements with the three leading laser and optics institutes in the United States, namely, the University of Arizona, the University of Central Florida, and the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Our desire is to work on programs jointly where the strengths of each organization can assist in escalating knowledge and delivery of systems to the government sponsors and to train the next generation of scientists and engineers to work in the directed energy fields.
Previous report
We have continued to execute our business development plans, further our research and development program and submit filings for intellectual property and proposals for grants and contracts. During the past several years, we continued to submit proposals and have been engaged in meetings on a continuous basis with various agencies and departments both remotely and in person in Washington, DC and at various other government facilities. Having received a significant research grant and several contracts since the second quarter of 2022, we believe the interest in our technology and applications remains high, and we continue to submit proposals for all appropriate opportunities and share our vision of the disruptive capabilities of USP optical sources for both near- and far-term threats and dual-use commercial applications.
Previous report
Through our analysis of the market, and in discussions with potential customers, we remain convinced that customers are becoming more receptive and interested in directed energy technologies. According to the US Department of Defense fiscal budgets from 2017 through 2023, its directed energy spending grew from approximately $500 million in 2017 to over $1.695 billion in 2023, an increase of nearly 240%. Market analysis and projections have estimated that this directed energy sector is anticipated to reach $17.8 billion globally by 2028. We continue to be optimistic about our future and the growing opportunities in directed energy applications, especially since this growth to nearly $1.7 B annually is being accomplished without a recognized Program of Record (POR) for directed energy platforms. We believe that once these technologies are funded in production for a POR, these DOD budgets for directed energy will grow exponentially larger to support the technology insertion. The Applied Energetics team anticipates a continuation of strong funding for the directed energy community. With our existing patent portfolio, and through further advancements of our technologies, we believe we have the substantial building blocks needed to become a significant and successful developer in the USP marketplace.
Previous report
Our research and development programs depend on our ability to procure the necessary optical and fabricated materials, components, electronics and other supplies. A significant, prolonged increase in inflation could negatively impact the cost of materials and components, which could be a particular problem with respect to our fixed fee contracts. Within the current geopolitical context, there are ongoing embargos of exports from some global suppliers of various materials that are used in electronics and some diode and laser materials, which can have negative effects on technology supply chains. We continuously monitor potential supply chain issues and supplier liquidity and work with our supply base to ensure adequate sources of materials at reasonable costs. In some instances, we depend upon a single source of supply, but we are developing multiple sources where possible to mitigate the risk. In some cases, we must comply with specific procurement requirements, which can limit the suppliers and subcontractors we may utilize.
Previous report
Revenue decreased by approximately $205,000, or 7.8%, to approximately $2,427,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $2,631,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in revenue was primarily the result of a contract modification which resulted in a decrease in a contract’s price and an increase in a contract’s term, offset by an additional one-year continuation for an existing contract and a new contract during 2024.
Previous report
Cost of revenue increased by approximately $842,000, or 132.10%, to approximately $1,480,000 for year ended December 31, 2024, from $638,000 during the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the cost of materials, supplies and direct labor cost incurred in connection with recent contract modifications.
Previous report
General and administrative expenses increased approximately $738,000, or 8.4%, to $9,510,00 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to approximately $8,772,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits of approximately $720,000 mainly due to non-cash compensation, an increase in software and licenses of approximately $40,000, an increase in depreciation expense of approximately $70,000 and increase of rent of $204,000, partially offset by a decrease of approximately $377,000 in professional and consulting expenses.
Previous report
Selling and Marketing expenses decreased approximately $9,500, or 2.5%, to $375,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to approximately $384,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to the continuation of business development activities through our Master Services Agreement with Westpark Advisors as well as other consultants in this field.
Previous report
Other income decreased approximately $44,000, or 95.3%, to $2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to other expenses of $46,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to unused funds in cash equivalents reclassed for development purposes.
Previous report
Trend Discussion
Previous report
Our costs and the timing of our performance under grants and contracts continue to be affected by trends in the US labor market, particularly, recruiting of scientists and technicians. We had observed some limited availability in this market in 2022 with some improvement in 2023, and we anticipate being able to locate and retain the necessary personnel for the foreseeable future.
Previous report
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. At December 31, 2024, the company had total current assets of $664,779 and total current liabilities of $732,418, resulting in a working capital deficit of $67,639. At December 31, 2024, we had $164,812 cash and cash equivalents, a decrease of $1,154,714 from $1,319,526 at December 31, 2023.
Previous report
The amendment also granted the company an option (the “Option”) over 6,458 rentable square feet (5,520 usable square feet) of manufacturing space. The option was effective, at a price of $2,690.83 per month, from August 1, 2023 through February 1, 2024 but was extended to July 31, 2024. The term of occupancy in the new office space and the option both began August 1, 2023.
Reworded paragraphs (26)
Previous wording
AE owns and protects intellectual property that is integral and necessary for the development of Ultrashort Pulse (“USP™”) Lasers, Laser Guided Energy (“LGE®”) and Direct Discharge Electrical products for military and commercial applications. AE currently owns 26 patents and an additional 11 Government Sensitive Patent Applications (“GSPA”). These GSPA’s are held under secrecy orders of the US government and allow the company greatly extended protection rights, including having no expiration date until such time as they are no longer classified after which they will have the normal 20-year patent protection. The company also has eight pending patent applications and one provisional patent application which is undergoing conversion to its non-provisional form. We continue to file patent applications as we deem appropriate to protect our intellectual property and enhance our competitive advantage.
Current wording
AE owns and protects intellectual property that is integral and necessary for the development of Ultrashort Pulse (“USP™”) Lasers, Laser Guided Energy (“LGE®”) and Direct Discharge Electrical products for military and commercial applications. AE currently owns 25 patents and an additional nine Government Sensitive Patent Applications (“GSPA”). These GSPA’s are held under secrecy orders of the US government and allow the company greatly extended protection rights, including having no expiration date until such time as they are no longer classified after which they will have the normal 20-year patent protection. The company also has three pending patent applications and one provisional patent application which is undergoing conversion to its non-provisional form. We continue to file patent applications as we deem appropriate to protect our intellectual property and enhance our competitive advantage. We conduct research and development efforts under contracts and on an internal basis as we move toward product development and testing.
Previous wording
Christopher Donaghey serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer (and as our Principal Accounting and Financial Officer), and Dr. Stephen W. McCahon serves as our Chief Science Officer. AE has continued to expand its technical capabilities with the addition of employees, consultants and contractors, and agreements with several of the leading laser and optics universities in the country. AE also works with a team of world-class contractors to strengthen our compliance, IT, technical staff, human resources and public relations, supporting the research and development in the laboratory.
Current wording
AE continues to expand its technical capabilities and administrative capacity with the addition of employees, consultants and contractors, and agreements with leading laser and optics universities in the country. AE also works with a team of contractors to strengthen our compliance, IT, technical staff, human resources and public relations.
Previous wording
Effective May 15, 2023, Applied Energetics executed a Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) contract with the U.S. Army at an aggregate contract price of $1.148 million payable over two years as the company performs its obligations thereunder, with the first year currently funded. The objective of this Phase II award is to further the development and testing of an IR system utilizing technologies that were investigated under the US Army Phase I STTR contract which the company was awarded in May 2022. This Phase II contract award followed a successful Phase I which established a computational concept with physical modeling and simulation to establish the feasibility of an IR system. Phase I was performed in collaboration with the James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. The company has continued its work under the contract, and provided all required reports, since its execution.
Current wording
During the second quarter of 2023, we executed a Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) contract with the U.S. Army at an aggregate contract price of $1.148 million payable over two years as the company performs its obligations thereunder, with the first year currently funded. The objective of this Phase II award was to further the development and testing of an IR laser system utilizing technologies that were investigated under the US Army Phase I STTR contract which the company was awarded in May 2022. This Phase II contract followed a successful Phase I which established a computational concept with physical modeling and simulation to establish the feasibility of an IR laser system. Phase I was performed in collaboration with the James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. On May 9, 2025, the company entered into a no-cost modification to continue work on the contract through November 14, 2025. The company also amended its related agreement with the University of Arizona consistent with this extension. In the fourth quarter of 2025, we completed work on this contract and received full payment from the customer.
Previous wording
During the year ended December 31, 2023, as we received our ONR contract and a Phase II STTR contract with the Army, we recognized revenues as we performed these services and also recorded related costs. Costs under these contracts continue to be affected by ongoing supply chain disruptions, and shortages of items like semiconductor chips, and related systemic issues, and general inflation although to a lesser extent than in 2022. In particular, micro-electronic and semiconductor chip shortages are still impacting supply chains, and as such, can impact our ability to execute and deliver technology to meet demands of our customers. Certain optical transmitting components are also in short supply. These costs and supply issues also may affect any internal research and development programs, and we anticipate that they will continue for at least the near term.
Current wording
Throughout 2024 and the first half of 2025, as we continued work on each of these contracts, we recognized revenues as we performed these services and recorded related costs. Costs under these firm fixed fee contracts were affected by supply chain disruptions, and shortages of items like semiconductor chips, and related systemic issues, and general inflation although to a lesser extent than in the preceding years. Micro-electronic and semiconductor chip shortages are still impacting supply chains, and as such, can impact our ability to execute and deliver technology to meet demands of our customers. Certain optical transmitting components are also in short supply. These costs and supply issues also may affect any internal research and development programs, and we anticipate that they will continue for at least the near term.
Previous wording
In March 2025, the company moved to the next phase of its strategic collaboration with Kord Technologies, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of KBR, to explore the potential development and integration of an advanced pulsed laser system with Kord’s FIREFLYTM High Energy Laser Weapon System (HELWS). This phase is to begin with the purchase of a specially modified Firefly HELWS unit from Kord which the company can use to work on the development and integration of its proprietary Ultrashort Pulse technology in its newly opened Battle Lab, with the assistance of Kord personnel under a related services agreement.
Current wording
During the year ended December 31, 2025, as the next phase of its collaboration with Kord Technologies, Inc.(“Kord”), the company purchased from Kord a specially modified FIREFLYTM High Energy Laser Weapon System (HELWS) unit which the company has used to work on the development and integration of its proprietary Ultrashort Pulse technology in its Battle Lab, with the assistance of Kord personnel under a related services agreement. Throughout 2025 and into 2026, the company is working on the design and integration of USP technologies onto the Kord Firefly platform. With recent upgrades and advances to the FIREFLYTM system, the company looks to continue integration onto the updated platform.
Previous wording
In February 2025, we announced the opening of our new Battle Lab, which is also expected to provide the capacity to manufacture and integrate advanced lasers as Applied Energetics makes the anticipated technology transition to the next stage of its lifecycle. Over the coming months, the company intends to install and demonstrate multiple ultrashort pulse lasers with varying wavelengths against relevant target packages. In July 2024, the company exercised its option to lease more than 5,000 square feet of additional space at the University of Arizona Tech Park to create the Battle Lab. The company took the option to lease this additional space under the June 7, 2023, amendment (the “2023 Amendment”) to its Lease Agreement with Campus Research Corporation, as Landlord. With this expansion, the company now occupies, in the aggregate, approximately 26,000 sq. ft. of space at the Arizona Tech Park.
Current wording
In July 2024, the company exercised an option to lease more than 5,000 square feet of additional space at the University of Arizona Tech Park to create our Battle Lab. The company exercised the option to lease this additional space under the June 7, 2023, amendment to its Lease Agreement with Campus Research Corporation, as Landlord. In February 2025, we announced the opening of the Battle Lab, which is initially being used as a testing and demonstration space for the company’s lasers and prototypes. The Battle Lab is also expected to provide the capacity to manufacture and integrate advanced lasers as Applied Energetics makes the anticipated technology transition to the next stage of its lifecycle. The company has installed equipment to test and demonstrate multiple ultrashort pulse lasers with varying wavelengths against relevant target packages in the Battle Lab and has performed such testing and demonstrations.
Previous wording
The new administration and related changes in the structure and operations of the federal government are introducing new challenges for our operations and financial projections. It is difficult to forecast the effect that recently introduced tariffs will have on our ability to source raw materials, supplies, and equipment needed to continue our operations both for the performance of our ongoing contractual obligations and our internal research and development efforts. Moreover, the cut to funding and reductions in federal government personnel can have a significant impact on our cash flows and ability to continue operating. Many of these cuts are proposed to the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security budgets which are the focus of much of our business development efforts.
Current wording
The current budgetary and deficit funding environment, continuing inflation, tariffs and other ongoing supply chain disruptions, the appropriations process, federal government shutdowns, and budget cuts, among other items, all continue to create significant short and long-term challenges and risks to the company and its business development endeavors. It is difficult to forecast the effect that any future tariffs will have on our ability to source raw materials, supplies, and equipment needed to continue our operations both for the performance of our ongoing contractual obligations and our internal research and development efforts. Moreover, the cuts to funding and reductions in federal government personnel can impact our cash flows and ability to continue operating. Many of these cuts are proposed to the Departments of War and Homeland Security budgets which are the focus of much of our business development efforts. However, we remain optimistic that the innovative nature of our technology and its novel approach to addressable threats position the company for development, growth, and market opportunities.
Previous wording
Certain mitigating factors could blunt any potential impact of these changes on our industry. The DOD and others in the administration have indicated that funding for innovation and novel technologies will continue to be a priority, and directed energy has been discussed as part of this trend. Also, many of the cuts are being challenged in court and, in some cases, reversed either because of judicial rulings or policy reversals. However, it is difficult to predict precisely where funds will be cut or allocated, and even a general reduction in force can make administrative functions, such as finalizing contracts and government payment processing, challenging. These factors could severely impact our cash flows and our ability to continue operating.
Current wording
Certain mitigating factors could blunt any potential impact of these changes on our industry. The DoW and others in the administration have indicated that funding for innovation and novel technologies will continue to be a priority, and directed energy has been discussed as part of this trend. Also, many of the cuts are being challenged in court and, in some cases, reversed either because of judicial rulings or policy reversals. However, it is difficult to predict precisely where funds will be cut or allocated, and even a general reduction in force can make administrative functions, such as finalizing contracts and government payment processing, challenging. These factors could severely impact our cash flows and our ability to continue operating.
Previous wording
Neither of the US federal budgets for fiscal 2024 or 2023 were approved by Congress by the start of the corresponding U.S. federal government fiscal year, which is October 1 of the preceding year. In both 2024 and 2023, Congress passed, and the president signed, continuing resolutions (“CRs”), to extend federal government funding. specified dates. The final Defense Appropriations Bill for fiscal 2023 was signed into law on December 29, 2022 and included increases in areas of particular interest to the company.
Current wording
Neither of the US federal budgets for fiscal 2025 or 2024 were approved by Congress by the start of the corresponding U.S. federal government fiscal year, which is October 1 of the preceding year. In both 2025 and 2024, Congress passed, and the president signed, continuing resolutions (“CRs”), to extend federal government funding through specified dates. The final Defense Appropriations Bill for fiscal 2024 was signed into law on December 23, 2023 and included increases in areas of particular interest to the company. A full year Continuing Resolution, H.H. 1968, was passed and signed into law on March 15, 2025, and extended through September 30, 2025.
Previous wording
For fiscal year 2025, which started on October 1, 2024, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) was delayed, but on December 23, 2024, then-President Biden signed the 2025 NDAA into law. The NDAA sets defense spending policies, while the separate appropriations bills comprising the federal budget fund government spending, including spending on defense and homeland security. This impacts all proposals under review by the Department of Defense. On September 26, 2024, in the absence of an enacted federal budget, then-President Biden signed a Continuing Resolution (CR), HR 9747, which extended government operations through December 20, 2024. He then signed a second CR for FY25 on December 21, 2024, extending funding for the federal government through March 14, 2025. A full year Continuing Resolution, H.H. 1968, was passed and signed into law by President Trump on March 15, 2025, and extends through September 30, 2025.
Current wording
For fiscal year 2026, which started on October 1, 2025, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) was delayed, but on December 18, 2025, the-president signed the 2026 NDAA into law (P.L.-119-60). The NDAA sets defense spending policies, while the separate appropriations bills comprising the federal budget fund government spending, including spending on defense and homeland security. This impacts all proposals under review by the DoW. The federal government experienced a funding gap beginning on October 1, 2025—the start of FY2026—and ending when the Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-37), was signed into law on November 12, 2025. On February 3, 2026, the president signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-75). This bill included Defense Appropriations, and all previously unfunded agencies except for Homeland Security.
Previous wording
The fair value of each option grant is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model. We make the following assumptions relative to this model: (i) the annual dividend yield is zero as we do not pay dividends on our common stock, (ii) the weighted-average expected life is based on a midpoint scenario, where the expected life is determined to be half of the time from grant to expiration, regardless of vesting, (iii) the risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rate for the expected life, and (iv) the volatility is based on the level of fluctuations in our historical share price for a period approximately equal to the weighted-average expected life. We estimate forfeitures when recognizing compensation expense and adjust this estimate over the requisite service period should actual forfeitures differ from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures are recognized through a cumulative adjustment, which is recognized in the period of change and which impacts the amount of unamortized compensation expense to be recognized in future periods.
Current wording
The fair value of each option grant is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model. We make the following assumptions relative to this model: (i) the annual dividend yield is zero as we do not pay dividends on our common stock, (ii) the weighted-average expected life is based on a midpoint scenario, where the expected life is determined to be half of the time from grant to expiration, after taking into account the vesting period, (iii) the risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rate for the expected life, and (iv) the volatility is based on the level of fluctuations in our historical share price for a period approximately equal to the weighted-average expected life. We estimate forfeitures when recognizing compensation expense and adjust this estimate over the requisite service period should actual forfeitures differ from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures are recognized through a cumulative adjustment, which is recognized in the period of change and which impacts the amount of unamortized compensation expense to be recognized in future periods.
Previous wording
Research and development expenses increased approximately $5,300, or 2.3%, to $239,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to approximately $234,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in labor and material cost associated with continued development.
Current wording
Research and development expenses increased approximately $1,431,000, or 599%, to $1,670,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $239,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in labor costs of approximately $844,000 and material costs of approximately $587,000 associated with continued development of our USP laser technologies and programs which remain in place as we continue to work on them.
Previous wording
Our operations in 2024 resulted in a net loss of approximately $9,174,000, an increase of approximately $1,824,000, or 24.8%, compared to the approximately $7,350,000 net loss for the year ended 2023, primarily due to increases in general and administrative and research and development expense, partially offset by lower revenue and a decrease in selling and marketing expenses.
Current wording
Our operations in 2025 resulted in a net loss of approximately $14,873,000, an increase of approximately $5,698,000, or 62%, compared to the approximately $9,175,000 net loss for the year ended 2024, primarily due to increases in general and administrative, selling and marketing, and research and development expense, as well as lower revenue.
Previous wording
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the net cash outflow from operating activities was $5,092,690. This amount was comprised primarily of our net loss of $9,174,958. This was offset by non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3,768,819, amortization of prepaid assets of $224,625, depreciation and amortization expense of $ 218,907, and the amortization of right of use assets of $214,690. Additionally, net cash used from changes in assets and liabilities totaled $344,773. This included a decrease in accounts receivable of $231,953 and accrued expenses and compensation of $22,643. This was offset by a decrease in deferred revenue of $308,908, prepaid and deposits of $51,113, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $184,871 and a decrease in accounts payable of $54,477.
Current wording
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the net cash outflow from operating activities was $9,237,951 This amount comprised primarily of our net loss of $14,872,730. This was offset by non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $5,136,473, amortization of prepaid assets of $140,893, depreciation and amortization expense of $282,200, and the amortization of right of use assets of $263,430. Additionally, net cash used from changes in assets and liabilities totaled $188,217. This included a decrease in accounts receivable of $335,839, and, accrued expenses and compensation of $179,044. This was offset by an increase in prepaids and deposits of $350,147, right of use liabilities of $265,380, accounts payable of $37,573, and due to related parties of $50,000.
Previous wording
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the net cash outflow from investing activities was $98,847. This was for the purchase of equipment.
Current wording
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the net cash outflow from investing activities was $1,234,734. This was for the purchase of equipment.
Previous wording
During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $4,036,823, which consisted mainly of repayment of our note payable of $141,977, payment of $82,300 to the IRS for tax withholding related to the share settlement of RSUs issued to employees, offset by $4,171,601 in proceeds from sale of common stock and $89,499 in proceeds from the exercise of options.
Current wording
During the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $16,743,956. This amount consisted of $16,794,248 in proceeds from sale of common stock and $126,467 from the exercise of options and warrants, which were offset by $17,434 tax withholdings related to the share settlement of RSUs and $159,325 of repayment of an insurance premium loan.
Previous wording
Based on the company’s current business plan, we believe our cash balance as of the date of this report, along with anticipated revenues from our contract anticipated contract revenue, will be sufficient to meet the company’s anticipated cash requirements for the near term. However, we cannot be certain that the current business plan will be achievable.
Current wording
Based on the company’s current business plan, we believe our cash balance as of the date of this report, along with anticipated contract revenue, will be sufficient to meet the company’s anticipated cash requirements for the near term. However, we cannot be certain that the current business plan will be achievable. In addition, we recently received verbal notice that funding under two of the company’s contracts has been discontinued, as described under Results of Operations and Ongoing Business Activities. Although these contracts are still in effect, receipt of any additional funds under them is highly uncertain, which negatively affects our anticipated cash flows from operating activities.
Previous wording
The company’s existence depends upon management’s ability to develop profitable operations. Management is devoting a significant portion of its efforts to developing additional business and raising capital, as needed, but cannot be certain that these efforts will be successful. Management’s business development efforts may not result in profitable operations. To fund its research and development and marketing efforts, the company’s management continues to explore possible financing opportunities through discussions with investment bankers and private investors. The company may not be successful in its effort to secure additional financing on terms it considers favorable. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result should the company be unable to continue as a going concern. In January and February 2025, the company raised approximately $6 million through the private placement of shares of its common stock, par value, $0.001 per share, some of which were underlying pre-funded common stock purchase warrants, in a private sale to individual purchasers at a price of $0.75 per share (or $0.749 per underlying share for pre-funded warrants), all to accredited, sophisticated investors
Current wording
The company’s existence depends upon management’s ability to develop profitable operations. Management is devoting a significant portion of its efforts to developing additional business and raising capital, as needed, but cannot be certain that these efforts will be successful. Management’s business development efforts may not result in profitable operations. To fund its research and development and marketing efforts, the company’s management continues to explore possible financing opportunities through discussions with investment bankers and private investors. The company may not be successful in its effort to secure additional financing on terms it considers favorable. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result should the company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Previous wording
Additionally, international, macroeconomic events, including the Russian military action in Ukraine and related economic sanctions around the globe could impact the company’s ability to source necessary supplies and equipment which could materially and adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern. These events may also impair our ability to raise capital, including as a result of increased market volatility, or decreased market liquidity, which also affects the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Third-party financing may become unavailable on terms acceptable to the company or at all. The impact of such events on the world economy and the specific impact on the company’s financial position and results of operations are difficult to predict. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Current wording
Additionally, international, macroeconomic events, including the military action in the Middle East and South America, the Russian military action in Ukraine and related economic sanctions around the globe could impact the company’s ability to source necessary supplies and equipment which could materially and adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern. These events may also impair our ability to raise capital, including as a result of increased market volatility, or decreased market liquidity, which also affects the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Third-party financing may become unavailable on terms acceptable to the company or at all. The impact of such events on the world economy and the specific impact on the company’s financial position and results of operations are difficult to predict. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Previous wording
Budgeting for upcoming expenses and costs of supplies and equipment needed to perform our existing, and any future, grants or contracts requires that we estimate factors such as inflation and geo-political events that affect such expenses and costs. Although inflation generally moderated in 2023, the cost of labor continues to increase across certain sectors of the US and global economy which may drive up our general and administrative expenses as well as the cost of personnel working directly and indirectly on our grants and contracts, particularly given the highly skilled nature of this work. Inflation has also impacted the price of supplies and materials we must purchase in order to perform grants and contracts, some of which may have been bid on based on cost structures which were submitted during periods of lower inflation. In addition, geo-political events have further limited the number of countries from which we can source certain supplies and equipment. These limitations can range from outright prohibitions to strong discouragement based on potentially sensitive information. We continually monitor these events and the markets for needed supplies in order to make the best estimates possible, both in our internal budgeting and in any bids or proposals we submit.
Current wording
Budgeting for upcoming expenses and costs of supplies and equipment needed to perform our existing, and any future, grants or contracts requires that we estimate factors such as inflation and geo-political events that affect such expenses and costs. Although inflation generally moderated in 2024 and 2025, recent events in the Middle East are driving it back up. In addition, the cost of labor continues to increase across certain sectors of the US and global economy which may drive up our general and administrative expenses as well as the cost of personnel working directly and indirectly on our grants and contracts, particularly given the highly skilled nature of this work. Inflation has also impacted the price of supplies and materials we must purchase in order to perform grants and contracts, some of which may have been bid on based on cost structures which were submitted during periods of lower inflation. In addition, geo-political events have further limited the number of countries from which we can source certain supplies and equipment. These limitations can range from outright prohibitions to strong discouragement based on potentially sensitive information. We continually monitor these events and the markets for needed supplies in order to make the best estimates possible, both in our internal budgeting and in any bids or proposals we submit.
Previous wording
The following table summarize our contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 31, 2024:
Current wording
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 31, 2025:
Previous wording
In March 2021, the company signed a five-year lease for an 11,000 usable square foot (13,000 rentable square foot) laboratory/office space in Tucson. The lease term commences May 1, 2021 and ends on April 30, 2026. The base rent is $6.7626 per rentable square foot for year one, and escalates to $9.2009 in year two, $11.4806 in year three, $13.1740 in year four and $14.9306 in year five, plus certain operating expenses and taxes.
Current wording
In March 2021, the company signed a five-year lease for an 11,000 usable square foot (13,000 rentable square foot) laboratory/office space in Tucson. The lease term commences May 1, 2021 and ends on April 30, 2026. The base rent is $6.7626 per rentable square foot for year one, and escalated to $9.2009 in year two, $11.4806 in year three, $13.1740 in year four and $14.9306 in year five, plus certain operating expenses and taxes.
Previous wording
On June 7, 2023, the company entered into an amendment to extend the term of the original lease from April 26, 2026 to July 31, 2028. Included in the lease amendment is extension space commencing on August 1, 2023. As of August 1, 2023, the company has secured additional square footage in the amount of 9,805 square feet. The initial base rent for the expansion space was $9.10 per rentable square foot for year one, and escalated to $10.20 in year two, $11.30 in year three, $12.40 in year four and $13.50 in year five, plus certain operating expenses and taxes.
Current wording
On June 7, 2023, the company entered into an amendment to extend the term of the original lease from April 26, 2026 to July 31, 2028. Included in the lease amendment is extension space commencing on August 1, 2023. As of August 1, 2023, the company has secured additional square footage in the amount of 9,805 square feet. The initial base rent for the expansion space was $9.10 per rentable square foot for year one, and escalated to $10.20 in year two, and $11.30 in year three, and further escalates to $12.40 in year four and $13.50 in year five, plus certain operating expenses and taxes.
Previous wording
On July 3, 2024, we exercised the Option to support the company’s investment in a new Battle Lab. With this expansion, the company now occupies, in the aggregate, approximately 26,000 sq. ft. of space. Our aggregate rent expense, including common area maintenance costs, was approximately $318,000 and $212,000 for 2024 and 2023, respectively. This included the cost of the option until it was exercised and the rent on the Battle Lab space thereafter. These facilities are adequate for our current and expected level of operations.
Current wording
On July 3, 2024, the company exercised its option to least an additional 6,458 rentable square feet (5,520 usable square feet) of manufacturing space support the company’s investment in its Battle Lab. The option was at a price of $2,690.83 per month through the date of exercise. With this expansion, the company now occupies, in the aggregate, approximately 26,000 sq. ft. of space. Our aggregate rent expense, including common area maintenance costs, was approximately $359,000 and $318,000 for 2025 and 2024, respectively. This included the cost of the option until it was exercised and the rent on the Battle Lab space thereafter. These facilities are adequate for our current and expected level of operations.
Previous wording
The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share. The Series A Preferred Stock bears dividends at an initial rate of 6.5% of the liquidation preference per share per annum, which accrues from the date of issuance, and is payable quarterly. We have not paid dividends commencing with the quarterly dividend due August 1, 2013 and, as a result, the dividend rate has increased to 10% per annum and will remain at that level until such failure is cured. Dividends due as of December 31, 2024, and March 26, 2025, were approximately $397,000 and $408,000, respectively.
Current wording
The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share. The Series A Preferred Stock bears dividends at an initial rate of 6.5% of the liquidation preference per share per annum, which accrues from the date of issuance, and is payable quarterly. We have not paid dividends commencing with the quarterly dividend due August 1, 2013 and, as a result, the dividend rate has increased to 10% per annum and will remain at that level until such failure is cured. Dividends due as of December 31, 2025, and March 27, 2026, were approximately $433,000 and $442,000, respectively.
Previous wording
The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have a right to put the stock to the company for an aggregate amount equal to the liquidation preference approximately $340,000 plus unpaid dividends of $397,000 as of December 31, 2024, in the event of a change in control. Dividends are payable in: (i) cash, (ii) shares of our common stock (valued for such purpose at 95% of the weighted average of the last sales prices of our common stock for each of the trading days in the ten trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the applicable dividend payment date), provided that the issuance and/or resale of all such shares of our common stock are then covered by an effective registration statement or (iii) any combination of the foregoing. As of December 31, 2024, there were 13,602 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding.
Current wording
The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have a right to put the stock to the company for an aggregate amount equal to the liquidation preference approximately $340,000 plus unpaid dividends of $433,000 as of December 31, 2025, in the event of a change in control. Dividends are payable in: (i) cash, (ii) shares of our common stock (valued for such purpose at 95% of the weighted average of the last sales prices of our common stock for each of the trading days in the ten trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the applicable dividend payment date), provided that the issuance and/or resale of all such shares of our common stock are then covered by an effective registration statement or (iii) any combination of the foregoing. As of December 31, 2025, there were 13,602 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding.
Rearranged current paragraphs (2)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
In January and February 2025, the company raised approximately $6 million through the private placement of shares of its common stock, par value, $0.001 per share, some of which were underlying pre-funded common stock purchase warrants, in a private sale to individual purchasers at a price of $0.75 per share (or $0.749 per underlying share for pre-funded warrants), all to accredited, sophisticated investors.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
In October 2025, the company raised approximately $11 million through the private placement of shares of its common stock, par value, $0.001 per share, some of which were underlying pre-funded common stock purchase warrants, in a private sale to individual purchasers at a price of $1.80 per share (or $1.799 per underlying share for pre-funded warrants), all to accredited, sophisticated investors.