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IN8BIO, INC.

For the period ended Jun 30, 2026. Filed Aug 6, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2026 · Filed Aug 6, 2026

INAB$0.93+11.6%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-Q

Period ended 2026-03-31; filed 2026-05-07.

0001193125-26-212135

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-Q

Period ended 2026-06-30; filed 2026-08-06.

0001193125-26-338012

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 115 previous paragraphs and 115 current paragraphs.

82 unchanged; 22 reworded; 7 added; 11 removed; 0 previous and 4 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 3 previous and 5 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (7)

Current report

Research and development expenses were $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $2.5 million for the comparable prior year period. This includes non-cash items such as stock-based compensation ("SBC") and depreciation of $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026.

Current report

General and administrative expenses were $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $2.7 million for the comparable prior year period. This includes non-cash items such as SBC and depreciation of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The decrease of $0.3 million was primarily due to a decrease in personnel-related costs, including SBC and a reduction in professional services.

Current report

Research and development expenses were $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $5.5 million for the comparable prior year period. This includes non-cash items such as SBC and depreciation of $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The decrease of $0.4 million was primarily due to decreases in direct clinical costs of $0.6 million for INB-400 and facility related costs of $0.5 million, partially offset by increases of $0.4 million in preclinical costs related to the TCE program, $0.2 million for direct clinical costs related to INB-100 and INB-200, and $0.1 million in personnel-related costs.

Current report

General and administrative expenses were $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $5.4 million for the comparable prior year period. This includes non-cash items such as SBC and depreciation of $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The decrease of $0.3 million was primarily due to a decrease in personnel-related costs, including SBC and a reduction in professional services.

Current report

Interest income was $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Current report

Cash used in investing activities was nil during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Removed paragraphs (11)

Previous report

At the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Society of Neuro-Oncology ("SNO"), we presented consolidated data from the INB-200 (Phase 1) and INB-400 (Phase 2) trials in both poster and oral presentations.

Previous report

Research and development expenses were $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $3.0 million for the prior year period. These amounts include non-cash items such as stock-based compensation ("SBC") and depreciation. The decrease was primarily due to a $0.3 million net decrease in direct costs related to our clinical trials, primarily related to our INB-400 program, and a decrease of $0.3 million in facility related charges, partially offset by increases of $0.1 million in our preclinical TCE program expenses and $0.1 million in personnel-related costs.

Previous report

General and administrative expenses were $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $2.7 million for the prior year period. These amounts include non-cash items such as SBC and depreciation.

Previous report

In November 2025, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-291393) (the "2025 Shelf Registration Statement") with the SEC, which would permit the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $200 million of our securities and which has not yet been declared effective, to replace the expiring 2022 Shelf Registration Statement. The 2022 Shelf Registration Statement will remain in effect until the earlier of May 20, 2026 and the effective date of the 2025 Shelf Registration Statement.

Previous report

An immaterial amount of cash was used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and no cash was used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Reworded paragraphs (22)

Previous wording

Most recently we introduced INB-600, our proprietary, internally developed TCE platform. We have demonstrated that INB-619, a CD19 targeted gamma-delta TCE can efficiently and completely eliminate targeted B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Data presented at The American College of Rheumatology Convergence 2025 meeting ("ACR Convergence 2025") highlighted the potential of INB-619 in B cell-driven autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus ("SLE") and demonstrated deep B cell depletion through selective activation and expansion of gamma-delta T cells.

Current wording

Most recently we introduced INB-600, our proprietary, internally developed TCE platform. We have demonstrated that INB-619, a CD19 targeted gamma-delta TCE can efficiently and completely eliminate targeted B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Data presented at The American College of Rheumatology Convergence 2025 meeting ("ACR Convergence 2025") highlighted the potential of INB-619 in B cell-driven autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus ("SLE") and demonstrated deep B cell depletion through selective activation and expansion of gamma-delta T cells.We expect to report initialin vivo data for INB-619 in the second half of 2026.

Previous wording

INB-100, our first DeltEx allogeneic product candidate, was developed to assess the safety and tolerability of donor-derived manufactured expanded and activated gamma-delta T cells that do not undergo additional genetic modification. The Phase 1 trial of INB-100 has completed primary enrollment and a recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") has been determined. We are currently enrolling an expansion cohort at the RP2D, with a target of an additional 15 patients (for a minimum of 25 total patients in the INB-100 Phase 1 trial), to confirm the improvements in relapse free and OS observed to date. We expect to complete the treatment of all patients, with long-term follow-up results anticipated at a medical meeting in late 2026.

Current wording

INB-100, our first DeltEx allogeneic product candidate, was developed to assess the safety and tolerability of donor-derived manufactured expanded and activated gamma-delta T cells that do not undergo additional genetic modification. The Phase 1 trial of INB-100 has completed primary enrollment and a recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") has been determined. We are currently enrolling an expansion cohort at the RP2D, with a target of up to an additional 15 patients (for a minimum of 25 total patients in the INB-100 Phase 1 trial), to confirm the improvements in relapse free and OS observed to date. We expect to complete the treatment of all patients and present a clinical update at a medical meeting in late 2026.

Previous wording

Our DeltEx DRI product candidate, INB-200, is being developed for newly diagnosed GBM. Patient dosing in the investigator-sponsored Phase 1 trial of INB-200 (NCT04165941) has been completed and we continue to follow patients for PFS and OS. In May 2025, we delivered an oral plenary presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology ("ASCO") Annual Meeting presenting longer-term patient follow-up data.

Current wording

Our DeltEx DRI product candidate, INB-200, is being developed for newly diagnosed GBM. Patient dosing in the investigator-sponsored Phase 1 trial of INB-200 (NCT04165941) has been completed and we continue to follow patients for progression-free survival ("PFS") and overall survival ("OS"). In July 2026 we announced the publication of peer-reviewed clinical data from our Phase 1 trial of INB-200 in The Journal of Clinical Oncology ("JCO"), titled: “Intracranial injection of ex vivo expanded and activated gamma-delta T cells engineered with a MGMT-expressing lentivector in patients with primary glioblastoma.”

Previous wording

INB-400 is our corporate-sponsored investigational new drug application ("IND") for the Phase 2, multi-center clinical trial evaluating our DeltEx DRI technology in newly diagnosed GBM. Treatment of any enrolled patients has been completed and the IND remains open. In September 2024, following a pipeline prioritization review, we suspended further enrollment in the Phase 2 trial of INB-400 to conserve capital. The trial was designed to further evaluate genetically modified, DRI gamma-delta T cells in newly diagnosed GBM patients across multiple centers in the United States.

Current wording

INB-400 is our corporate-sponsored investigational new drug application ("IND") for the Phase 2, multi-center clinical trial evaluating our DeltEx DRI technology in newly diagnosed GBM. Treatment of any enrolled patients has been completed and the IND remains open. In September 2024, following a pipeline prioritization review, we suspended further enrollment in the Phase 2 trial of INB-400 to conserve capital. The trial was designed to further evaluate genetically modified, DRI gamma-delta T cells in newly diagnosed GBM patients across multiple centers in the United States. In June 2026, we presented longer-term follow-up data at the American Society of Clinical Oncology ("ASCO") Annual Meeting.

Previous wording

This data was updated through December 31, 2025, and patients who received repeated doses of DeltEx DRI gamma-delta T cells reported an mPFS of 13.0 months and an mOS of 17.2+ months, with median overall survival continuing to grow. We continue to believe that our DeltEx DRI approach has the potential to address this significant unmet need and expect to provide further clinical updates, including additional mOS data from the total data set, at medical meetings in mid- and late- 2026.

Current wording

This data was updated through May 15, 2026, and patients who received repeated doses (three or six) of DeltEx DRI gamma-delta T cells reported a median progression-free survival ("mPFS") of 13.0 months and an overall survival exceeding 19.5 months, with median overall survival continuing to grow. We continue to believe that our DeltEx DRI approach has the potential to address this significant unmet need and expect to provide further clinical updates, including additional mOS data from the total data set, at medical meetings in late- 2026.

Previous wording

We believe our DeltEx DRI gamma-delta T cell therapeutic approach is demonstrating clinical activity and may have the potential applicability across multiple solid tumor types. In April 2023, we received Orphan Drug Designation from the FDA for both the autologous and allogeneic DeltEx DRI INB-400 product candidates, covering a broad range of malignant glioma indications, including relapsed and newly diagnosed GBM. We believe there may be potential regulatory designation pathways available for the autologous DeltEx DRI program in newly diagnosed GBM and intend to seek further guidance from the FDA regarding potential development and regulatory pathways in 2026. Following such regulatory guidance, we expect to evaluate potential funding sources and strategic opportunities to support continued development of this program toward potential commercialization.

Current wording

We believe our DeltEx DRI gamma-delta T cell therapeutic approach is demonstrating clinical activity and may have the potential applicability across multiple solid tumor types. In April 2023, we received Orphan Drug Designation ("ODD") from the FDA for both the autologous and allogeneic DeltEx DRI INB-400 product candidates, covering a broad range of malignant glioma indications, including relapsed and newly diagnosed GBM. We believe there may be potential regulatory designation pathways available for the autologous DeltEx DRI program in newly diagnosed GBM and intend to seek further guidance from the FDA regarding potential development and regulatory pathways in 2026. Following such regulatory guidance, we expect to evaluate potential funding sources and strategic opportunities to support continued development of this program toward potential commercialization.

Previous wording

We also have a portfolio of preclinical programs within our DeltEx pipeline which currently remain paused in development due to financial market conditions and prioritization. These include INB-300, a targeted non-signaling gamma-delta T cell based chimeric antigen receptor ("nsCAR") construct which is applicable to both solid and liquid tumors, and INB-500, which encompasses our ability to produce gamma-delta T cells from iPSCs.

Current wording

We also have a portfolio of preclinical programs within our DeltEx pipeline which remain suspended in development due to current market interest and prioritization. These include INB-300, a targeted non-signaling gamma-delta T cell based chimeric antigen receptor ("nsCAR") construct which is applicable to both solid and liquid tumors, and INB-500, which encompasses our ability to produce gamma-delta T cells from iPSCs.

Previous wording

Since inception in 2016, our operations have focused on identifying and developing potential product candidates, conducting clinical trials, organizing and staffing, business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, raising capital, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any product candidates approved for sale and have not generated any revenue. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity and equity-linked securities, including through our initial public offering ("IPO"), follow-on offering, our at-the-market ("ATM"), program with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. ("Cantor Fitzgerald"), and multiple private placements.

Current wording

Since inception in 2016, our operations have focused on identifying and developing potential product candidates, conducting clinical trials, organizing and staffing, business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, raising capital, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any product candidates approved for sale and have not generated any revenue. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity and equity-linked securities, including through our initial public offering ("IPO"), follow-on offering, at-the-market ("ATM") programs, and multiple private placements.

Previous wording

We expect to incur additional losses in the future as we advance our product candidates through clinical trials, seek to expand our product candidate portfolio through developing additional product candidates, grow our clinical, regulatory and quality capabilities, and incur costs associated with operating as a public company. Based on our business strategy, our existing cash of $21.9 million as of March 31, 2026 is not anticipated to fund our projected operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying condensed financial statements, and accordingly, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue to operate as a going concern.

Current wording

We expect to incur additional losses in the future as we advance our product candidates through clinical trials, grow our clinical, regulatory and quality capabilities, and incur costs associated with operating as a public company. Based on our business strategy, our existing cash of $18.0 million as of June 30, 2026 is not anticipated to fund our projected operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying condensed financial statements, and accordingly, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue to operate as a going concern.

Previous wording

In connection with our private placement completed in December 2025, we may also be eligible to receive up to approximately $20.1 million in additional gross proceeds in exchange for up to 14,579,706 shares of common stock (or, for certain investors, pre-funded warrants in lieu of common stock), subject to the achievement of certain milestone-driven conditions related to preclinical data for our CD19 targeting INB-619 product candidate. In addition, as of March 9, 2026, we may receive an additional $6.7 million in aggregate proceeds if the holders of our Series C warrants exercise their warrants in full. Further, if not otherwise redeemed by us, we may also receive aggregate proceeds of up to $2.3 million from the exercise of our outstanding Series B warrants in full. There is no assurance, however, that we will receive any additional proceeds from the second closing of the 2025 private placement or the exercise of outstanding warrants or pre-funded warrants, that any additional financing or any revenue-generating collaboration will be available when needed, that management will be able to obtain financing or enter into a collaboration on terms acceptable to us, or that any additional financing or revenue generated through third-party collaborations will be sufficient to fund our operations. If additional capital is not available to us on a timely basis, or at all, we will be required to take additional actions beyond the cost preservation measures initiated to date to address our liquidity needs, including exploring other strategic options, continuing to further reduce operating expense or delaying, reducing the scope of, discontinuing or altering our research and development activities. For additional information, see "—Liquidity" below.

Current wording

In connection with our private placement completed in December 2025, we may also be eligible to receive up to approximately $20.1 million in additional gross proceeds in exchange for up to 14,579,706 shares of common stock (or, for certain investors, pre-funded warrants in lieu of common stock), subject to the achievement of certain milestone-driven conditions related to preclinical data for our CD19 targeting INB-619 product candidate. In addition, we may receive an additional $6.7 million in aggregate proceeds if the holders of our Series C warrants exercise their warrants in full. Further, if not otherwise redeemed by us, we may also receive aggregate proceeds of up to $2.3 million from the exercise of our outstanding Series B warrants in full. There is no assurance, however, that we will receive any additional proceeds from the second closing of the 2025 private placement or the exercise of outstanding warrants or pre-funded warrants, that any additional financing or any revenue-generating collaboration will be available when needed, that management will be able to obtain financing or enter into a collaboration on terms acceptable to us, or that any additional financing or revenue generated through third-party collaborations will be sufficient to fund our operations. If additional capital is not available to us on a timely basis, or at all, we will be required to take additional actions beyond the cost preservation measures initiated to date to address our liquidity needs, including exploring other strategic options, continuing to further reduce operating expense or delaying, reducing the scope of, discontinuing or altering our research and development activities. For additional information, see "—Liquidity and Capital Resources" below.

Previous wording

Interest income was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The increase was due to additional interest income earned from cash sweep accounts.

Current wording

Interest income was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Previous wording

We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity and equity-linked securities, including through our IPO, follow-on offering, our ATM program and multiple private placements. Through March 31, 2026, we have raised an aggregate of $163.2 million of gross proceeds from the sale of our securities.

Current wording

We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity and equity-linked securities, including through our IPO, follow-on offering, ATM programs and multiple private placements. Through June 30, 2026, we have raised an aggregate of $163.2 million of gross proceeds from the sale of our securities.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2026, we had cash of $21.9 million, which is only expected to fund our projected operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through April 2027. We continue to deploy cash preservation measures to defer or reduce costs in the near term in order to preserve capital and increase financial flexibility. These cash preservation measures may impact our ability and the timing to execute our strategy, including our ability to achieve the anticipated milestones and the timing of regulatory filings for our preclinical and clinical programs. To continue to fund our operations, management has developed plans, which primarily consist of the pipeline prioritization, raising additional capital through some combination of equity and/or debt offerings, including through our ATM program, and identifying strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements to support development of our product candidates.

Current wording

As of June 30, 2026, we had cash of $18.0 million, which is only expected to fund our projected operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through April 2027. We continue to deploy cash preservation measures to defer or reduce costs in the near term in order to preserve capital and increase financial flexibility. These cash preservation measures may impact our ability and the timing to execute our strategy, including our ability to achieve the anticipated milestones and the timing of regulatory filings for our preclinical and clinical programs. To continue to fund our operations, management has developed plans, which primarily consist of the pipeline prioritization, raising additional capital through some combination of equity and/or debt offerings, including through our ATM program, and identifying strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements to support development of our product candidates.

Previous wording

In November 2022, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-268288) (the "2022 Shelf Registration Statement") with the SEC, which permitted the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $200 million of our securities, of which $50 million of common stock may be issued and sold pursuant to an ATM program. We entered into a Controlled Equity Offering SM sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement"), with Cantor Fitzgerald and Truist, under which Cantor Fitzgerald and Truist agreed to act as our sales agents to sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, through the ATM program. On March 8, 2024, we delivered a termination notice to Truist, removing them as a sales agent under the ATM program which became effective on March 14, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we did not sell any shares of common stock under the ATM program. As of May 4, 2026, $5.9 million remained available for the sale of our common stock under the ATM program.

Current wording

In November 2025, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-291393) (the "Shelf Registration Statement") with the SEC, which became effective on May 20, 2026, which permits the issuance and sale of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $200.0 million of our common stock, preferred stock, various series of debt securities, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, rights to purchase equity or debt securities, and/or units to purchase any combination of such securities. On June 1, 2026, we entered into a Capital on Demand TM Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC ("JonesTrading") with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which we may issue and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, through or to JonesTrading (the “ATM Program”) pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement. As of August 4, 2026, $2.8 million remained available for the sale of our common stock under the ATM Program.

Previous wording

Our material cash requirements as of March 31, 2026 included operating lease commitments, including the lease of our current headquarters office in New York, New York, laboratory and office space in Birmingham, Alabama and a manufacturing service agreement with a third party to engage in research of cell therapy products. See Note 12, Equipment and Facility Leases, in our unaudited condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information. As of March 31, 2026, we had fixed lease payment obligations of $2.8 million, with $1.3 million payable within 12 months.

Current wording

Our material cash requirements as of June 30, 2026 included operating lease commitments, including the lease of our current headquarters office in New York, New York, laboratory and office space in Birmingham, Alabama and a manufacturing service agreement with a third party to engage in research of cell therapy products. See Note 12, Equipment and Facility Leases, in our unaudited condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information. As of June 30, 2026, we had fixed lease payment obligations of $2.5 million, with $1.3 million payable within 12 months.

Previous wording

Cash used in operating activities was $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to our net loss of $5.6 million, partially offset by an increase in non-cash charges of $1.5 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.7 million. Increases in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of $0.6 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.2 million in accounts payable, partially offset by decreases of $0.1 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities relating primarily to accrued compensation, accrued clinical trials, and accrued legal. Increases in our non-cash charges consisted primarily of $0.8 million in stock-based compensation, $0.4 million in amortization of right-of-use assets associated with our operating and finance leases for the period and $0.3 million of depreciation.

Current wording

Cash used in operating activities was $8.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026, primarily due to our net loss of $9.9 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.5 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $1.7 million. Increases in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of $0.9 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities relating primarily to accrued compensation, accrued clinical trials, and accrued legal, and $0.1 million in net operating lease liabilities, partially offset by of $0.4 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.1 million in accounts payable. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $0.8 million in stock-based compensation, $0.4 million in amortization of right-of-use assets associated with our operating and finance leases for the period and $0.5 million of depreciation.

Previous wording

Cash used in operating activities was $4.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to our net loss of $5.1 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.7 million, partially offset by an increase in non-cash charges of $0.9 million. Decreases in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of $0.9 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities relating primarily to accrued compensation, accrued clinical trials, and accrued legal, partially offset by increases of $0.1 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.1 million in accounts payable. Increases in our non-cash charges consisted primarily of $0.4 million in stock-based compensation, $0.3 million in amortization of right-of-use assets associated with our operating and finance leases for the period and $0.2 million of depreciation.

Current wording

Cash used in operating activities was $7.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to our net loss of $10.6 million partially offset by non-cash charges of $3.2 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.3 million. Increases in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of $0.9 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by decreases of $0.5 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities relating primarily to accrued compensation, accrued clinical trials, and accrued legal, and $0.1 million in operating lease liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of $1.8 million in stock-based compensation, $0.9 million in amortization of right-of-use assets associated with our operating and finance leases for the period and $0.5 million of depreciation.

Previous wording

Cash used in financing activities was $(0.2) million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to costs associated with the December 2025 private placement transaction.

Current wording

Cash used in investing activities was $(0.2) million during the six months ended June 30, 2026, primarily due to the purchase of property and equipment.

Previous wording

Cash provided by financing activities was $3.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to $3.7 million in net proceeds received from our ATM program and $0.4 million in proceeds from Series C warrants exercised, partially offset by $0.2 million in principal payments of finance leases.

Current wording

Cash provided by financing activities was $9.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to $7.4 million in net proceeds received from our ATM Program, $2.3 million in warrants exercised, partially offset by $0.5 million in principal payments of finance leases.

Previous wording

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued research and development expenses. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in the condensed financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. There may be instances in which payments made to our vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the expense. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, we adjust the accrual or the amount of prepaid expenses accordingly. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. To date, there have not been any material adjustments to our prior estimates of accrued research and development expenses.

Current wording

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued research and development expenses. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each condensed balance sheet date in the condensed financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. There may be instances in which payments made to our vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the expense. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, we adjust the accrual or the amount of prepaid expenses accordingly. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. To date, there have not been any material adjustments to our prior estimates of accrued research and development expenses.

Previous wording

We measure all stock-based awards granted to employees, nonemployees and directors based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognize compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. We account for our stock-based compensation as an expense in the statements of operations based on the awards’ grant date fair values. We account for forfeitures as they occur by reversing any expense recognized for unvested awards. We estimate the fair value of options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (a) the expected stock price volatility, (b) the calculation of expected term of the award, (c) the risk-free interest rate and (d) expected dividends. Due to the lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, we have based our estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with the expected term assumption. The computation of expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of a representative group of companies with similar characteristics to us, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. We use the simplified method as allowed by the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 107, Share-Based Payment, to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees, as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as we have never paid dividends and have no current plans to pay any dividends on our common stock.

Current wording

We measure all stock-based awards granted to employees, nonemployees and directors based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognize compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. We account for our stock-based compensation as an expense in the condensed statements of operations based on the awards’ grant date fair values. We account for forfeitures as they occur by reversing any expense recognized for unvested awards. We estimate the fair value of options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (a) the expected stock price volatility, (b) the calculation of expected term of the award, (c) the risk-free interest rate and (d) expected dividends. Due to the lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, we have based our estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with the expected term assumption. The computation of expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of a representative group of companies with similar characteristics to us, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. We use the simplified method as allowed by the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 107, Share-Based Payment, to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees, as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as we have never paid dividends and have no current plans to pay any dividends on our common stock.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we did not adopt any new Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2026, we did not adopt any new Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Rearranged current paragraphs (4)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

In November 2022, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering SM sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. ("Cantor Fitzgerald") and Truist Securities, Inc. ("Truist"), under which Cantor Fitzgerald and Truist agreed to act as our sales agents to sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, in an ATM program. In March 2024, we delivered a termination notice to Truist, removing them as sales agent under the sales agreement, and on May 29, 2026, we and Cantor mutually agreed to terminate the sales agreement effective at the close of business on May 29, 2026.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Cash used in financing activities was $(0.2) million during the six months ended June 30, 2026, primarily due to $0.2 million in principal payments of finance leases.