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MAGNACHIP SEMICONDUCTOR Corp

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 16, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Mar 16, 2026

MX$2.36+15.1%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-14.

0001193125-25-054851

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-16.

0001193125-26-108435

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 129 previous paragraphs and 183 current paragraphs.

91 unchanged; 34 reworded; 44 added; 3 removed; 1 previous and 14 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 54 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (44)

Current report

If our manufacturing capabilities become less competitive as the semiconductor industry continues to transition toward larger-diameter wafers and new materials, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current report

Our future operations and competitive position could be materially harmed if the semiconductor industry continues to transition toward 300mm wafer technology while we continue to produce on 200mm wafers. Manufacturing on smaller-diameter wafers may result in lower manufacturing efficiency and higher per-unit production costs compared to competitors utilizing 300mm wafers. As a result, we may face challenges in meeting customer demand, maintaining margins, and competing effectively in the market we serve. Continued reliance on 200mm wafer production may also allow competitors to capture market share with more cost-efficient or higher-volume production, creating operational and financial risks for our business. In addition, to the extent that we seek to develop or offer silicon carbide (SiC)-based products in response to market demand, we do not have in-house SiC fabrication capabilities and would need to rely on outsourced manufacturing arrangements. Our reliance on such alternative manufacturing arrangements could adversely affect our cost structure, manufacturing efficiency and ability to capture growth opportunities in SiC-related markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Current report

our ability to offer cost-effective and high quality products and services on a timely basis using our technologies;

Current report

our ability to accurately identify and respond to emerging technological trends and demand for product features and performance characteristics;

Current report

our ability to continue to rapidly introduce new products that are accepted by the market;

Current report

our ability to adopt or adapt to emerging industry standards;

Current report

the number and nature of our competitors and competitiveness of their products and services in a given market;

Current report

entrance of new competitors into our markets;

Current report

our ability to enter the highly competitive power management market; and

Current report

our ability to supply power products to our customers reliably through our own fabrication facility.

Current report

Export control regulations have been evolving rapidly in recent years. New or expanded restrictions or sanctions may limit our ability to sell to or source from affected parties. These controls may cover foreign-produced items, advanced technologies, or entities on the U.S. government's Entity List. If we are unable to serve these customers, they may turn to domestic solutions or competitors not subject to similar regulations. Such developments may materially impact our revenue and future business opportunities in these regions. Maintaining compliance with global trade and export regulations is increasingly complex, time-consuming, and resource-incentive. Failure to comply could result in fines, reputational harm, or limitations on our ability to operate in key international markets. Export restrictions may also affect our contractors, suppliers or customers, and we cannot assure that they will not violate the restrictions, and any such violations may result in fines or criminal sanctions against us and damage our reputation.

Current report

In the event that our Korean subsidiary, Magnachip Semiconductor, Ltd. (“MSK”), license or sell certain intellectual properties relating to OLED Display Driver IC (“OLED DDI”) to overseas entities, such license or sale may constitute an export of NCT and NHST and may be subject to both NCT and NHST restrictions, and therefore the MOTIR’s acceptance of prior reports and prior approval. There is no assurance that any prior-reports for the export will be accepted by the MOTIR or we will obtain any prior approval for the export from the MOTIR when such license or sale is pursued in the future.

Current report

pay substantial damages or indemnify customers or licensees for damages they may suffer if the products they purchase from us or the technology they license from us violate the intellectual property rights of others;

Current report

stop our manufacture, use, sale or importation of the accused products;

Current report

redesign, reengineer or rebrand our products, if feasible;

Current report

expend significant resources to develop or acquire non-infringing technologies;

Current report

discontinue processes; or

Current report

obtain licenses to a third party’s intellectual property.

Current report

their earnings;

Current report

covenants contained in agreements to which we or our subsidiaries are or may become subject;

Current report

business and tax considerations; and

Current report

applicable law, including any restrictions under Korean law that may be imposed on our Korean subsidiary, Magnachip Semiconductor, Ltd., that would restrict its ability to make payments on intercompany loans from our Dutch subsidiary.

Current report

actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations from quarter to quarter or year to year;

Current report

announcements by us or our competitors of significant agreements, technological innovations or strategic alliances;

Current report

changes in recommendations or estimates by any securities analysts who follow our securities;

Current report

addition or loss of significant customers;

Current report

recruitment or departure of key personnel;

Current report

changes in economic performance or market valuations of competing companies in our industry;

Current report

market conditions in our industry, end markets and the economy as a whole;

Current report

subsequent sales of stock and other financings; and

Current report

litigation, legislation, regulation or technological developments that adversely affect our business.

Current report

authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock with such terms as the Board of Directors may determine;

Current report

prohibit action by written consent of our stockholders;

Current report

prohibit any person other than our Board of Directors, the chairman of our Board of Directors, our Chief Executive Officer or holders of at least 25% of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors to call a special meeting of our stockholders; and

Current report

specify advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations.

Current report

the transaction is approved by the board of directors before the date the interested stockholder attained that status;

Current report

upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or

Current report

on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Current report

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

Current report

any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

Showing the first 40 of 44 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.

Removed paragraphs (3)

Previous report

Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, including restructuring charges, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the process of such strategic actions, including divesting or otherwise disposing of assets and businesses, carries an inherent risk of market fluctuations and economic uncertainties that could undermine the value we expect to realize from these strategies.

Previous report

On August 17, 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce expanded the scope of export restrictions as applied to products directed to Huawei and its affiliates listed on the Bureau of Industry and Security’s Entity List (collectively, “Huawei”). While prior restrictions had minimal effect on our ability to supply to customers, the expanded restrictions would limit our ability to supply to a variety of customers who we believe incorporate our products to those customers’ products directly or indirectly sold to Huawei. The U.S. government has also steadily expanded export restrictions to target companies in addition to Huawei, which may have an additional impact on our ability to sell to our customers. While we were able to export some of our products after successfully obtained the necessary export licenses, we are unsure whether our other applications will be successful. Export restrictions may also affect our contractors, suppliers or customers, and we cannot assure that they will not violate the restrictions, and any such violations may result in fines or criminal sanctions against us and damage our reputation.

Previous report

There is no assurance, however, that any future prior-reports for the export of our product-related information will be accepted by the MOTIE or we will obtain any future prior approval for the export from the MOTIE. In the event that any future prior-report or application is not accepted or not approved, we may be unable to continue our business with the overseas customers, suppliers or vendors, including the manufacturing and delivery of our OLED DDI products.
Reworded paragraphs (34)

Previous wording

We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of our operational initiatives, including the strategic options for exiting our Display business, or those benefits may take longer to realize or be more expensive than expected.

Current wording

We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of our operational initiatives, including our transition to a pure-play Power company and the exit from our Display business.

Previous wording

Our Korean subsidiaries have been designated as a regulated business under Korean environmental law, and such designation could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Current wording

Our Korean subsidiary has been designated as a regulated business under Korean environmental law, and such designation could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Previous wording

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change and price erosion, evolving technical standards, short product life cycles (for semiconductors and for theend-user products in which they are used) and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, these and other factors, together with changes in general economic conditions, cause significant upturns and downturns in the industry in general and in our business in particular. Periods of industry downturns have been characterized by diminished demand forend-user products, high inventory levels, underutilization of manufacturing capacity, changes in revenue mix and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. We have experienced these conditions in our business in the past and may experience renewed, and possibly more severe and prolonged, downturns in the future as a result of such cyclical changes. This may reduce our results of operations. Current global macroeconomic conditions, including higher inflation and interest rates and uncertainty caused by the Russian-Ukraine war, Israel-Hamas war, sustained military action and conflict in the Red Sea, and trade tensions between the U.S., China and other countries have led to weakerend-market demand and unstable supply chain. We continue to monitor these trends and uncertainties, and any decline inend-market demand and increase in inventory levels could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change and price erosion, evolving technical standards, short product life cycles (for semiconductors and for the end-user products in which they are used) and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, these and other factors, together with changes in general economic conditions, cause significant upturns and downturns in the industry in general and in our business in particular. Periods of industry downturns have been characterized by diminished demand for end-user products, high inventory levels, underutilization of manufacturing capacity, changes in revenue mix and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. We have experienced these conditions in our business in the past and may experience renewed, and possibly more severe and prolonged, downturns in the future as a result of such cyclical changes. This may reduce our results of operations. Current global macroeconomic conditions, including higher inflation and interest rates and uncertainty caused by the Russian-Ukraine war, sustained military action and conflict in the Middle East, including the escalation of hostilities resulting from the recent strikes by Israel and the United States on Iran and retaliatory strikes related thereto, and trade tensions between the U.S., China and other countries have led to weaker end-market demand and unstable supply chain. We continue to monitor these trends and uncertainties, and any decline in end-market demand and increase in inventory levels could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

On March 12, 2025, we announced that we are executing a strategy to transform Magnachip into a pure-play Power company. There can be no assurance that the exploration of strategic options for its Display business, which is to be classified as discontinued operations when the Company reports first fiscal quarter 2025 results of operations, will result in a transaction on terms acceptable to us or other outcome that achieves our objectives. Even if a transaction or series of transactions or corporate actions were completed to exit the Display business, there can be no assurance as to the timing of completing these activities. Moreover, we may not realize any or all of the anticipated benefits from our pursuit of strategic options for our Display business, or the anticipated benefits from transitioning to a pure-play Power company, and such actions could in fact adversely affect our business. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our strategy will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to continue to focus on Power discrete and Power IC products and to achieve expected growth in the absence of the Display businesses. Some of the anticipated benefits may not occur for a significant period of time. In addition, we may retain certain liabilities or obligations related to our Display business or incur certain costs in connection with executing on these strategic options, some of which may be material. The focus on becoming a pure-play Power company and the related strategic options for our Display business may not enhance long-term stockholder value as anticipated. Further, our strategic actions could result in near term restructuring charges and a material impairment of our goodwill and/or intangible assets, among other things.

Current wording

On March 12, 2025, we announced our strategy to transform the Company into a pure-play Power company. We may not realize any or all of the anticipated benefits from transitioning to a pure-play Power company, and such actions could in fact adversely affect our business. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our strategy will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to continue to focus on Power Analog Solutions and Power IC products and to achieve expected growth in the absence of the Display business. Some of the anticipated benefits may not occur for a significant period of time. In addition, we may retain certain liabilities or obligations related to our Display business, some of which may be material. The focus on becoming a pure-play Power company may not enhance long-term stockholder value as anticipated. Further, our strategic actions could result in near term restructuring charges and a material impairment of our goodwill and/or intangible assets, among other things.

Previous wording

We generally do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. Customers may cancel their orders, reduce quantities or delay production for a number of reasons. Cancellations, reductions or delays by a significant customer or by a group of customers, which we have experienced as a result of periodic downturns in the semiconductor industry, or failure to achieve design-wins, have affected and may continue to affect our results of operations adversely. These risks are exacerbated because many of our products are customized, which hampers our ability to sell excess inventory to the general market. We may incur charges resulting from thewrite-off of obsolete inventory. In addition, while we do not obtain long-term purchase commitments, we generally agree to the pricing of a particular product over a set period of time. If we underestimate our costs when determining pricing, our margins and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Current wording

We generally do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. Customers may cancel their orders, reduce quantities or delay production for a number of reasons. Cancellations, reductions or delays by a significant customer or by a group of customers, which we have experienced as a result of periodic downturns in the semiconductor industry, or failure to achieve design-wins, have affected and may continue to affect our results of operations adversely. These risks are exacerbated because many of our products are customized, which hampers our ability to sell excess inventory to the general market. We may incur charges resulting from the write-off of obsolete inventory. In addition, while we do not obtain long-term purchase commitments, we generally agree to the pricing of a particular product over a set period of time. If we underestimate our costs when determining pricing, our margins and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Previous wording

Historically, we have relied on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our total revenue. If we were to lose key customers or if customers cease to place orders for our high-volume products, particularly our display products, our financial results could be adversely affected. In addition, our arrangements with and reliance on key customers may make it less practicable to pursue certain opportunities with other potential new and existing customers. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our ten largest customers accounted for 74.1% and 69.2% of net sales from our standard products business, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, sales to SAMT represented 21.4% of net sales from our standard products business, and Samsung Display represented 14.7% of net sales from our standard products business. For the year ended December 31, 2023, sales to SAMT represented 16.7% of net sales from our standard products business, and Samsung Display represented 13.4% of net sales from our standard products business. Significant reductions in sales to any of these customers, especially our few largest customers, the loss of other major customers or a general curtailment in orders for our high-volume products within a short period of time could adversely affect our business.

Current wording

Historically, we have relied on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our total revenue. If we were to lose key customers or if customers cease to place orders for our high-volume products, our financial results could be adversely affected. In addition, our arrangements with and reliance on key customers may make it less practicable to pursue certain opportunities with other potential new and existing customers. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our ten largest customers accounted for 74.3% and 73.4% of net sales from our Power Solutions business, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2025, sales to SAMT represented 29.7% of net sales from our Power Solutions business. For the year ended December 31, 2024, sales to SAMT represented 25.4% of net sales from our Power Solutions business. Significant reductions in sales to our largest customer, the loss of any other major customers, or a general curtailment in orders for our high-volume products within a short period of time could adversely affect our business.

Previous wording

Demand for our products will depend in part on the demand for various consumer electronics products, in particular, mobile phones and multimedia devices, digital televisions, flat panel displays, mobile PCs and digital cameras, which in turn depends on general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. If our customers fail to introduce new products that employ our products or component parts, demand for our products will suffer. To the extent that we cannot offset periods of reduced demand that may occur in these markets through greater penetration of these markets or reduction in our production and costs, our sales and gross profit may decline, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Demand for our products will depend in part on the demand for various consumer electronics products, in particular, digital televisions, smartphones, mobile phones, wearable devices, and other consumer applications which in turn depends on general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. If our customers fail to introduce new products that employ our products or component parts, demand for our products will suffer. To the extent that we cannot offset periods of reduced demand that may occur in these markets through greater penetration of these markets or reduction in our production and costs, our sales and gross profit may decline, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

The cycle time from the design stage to mass production for some of our products is long and requires the investment of significant resources with many potential customers without any guarantee of sales. Ourdesign-to-mass production cycle typically begins with athree-to-twelve month semiconductor development stage and test period followed by athree-to-twelve monthend-product qualification period by our customers. The fairly lengthy front end of our sales cycle creates a risk that we may incur significant expenses but may be unable to realize meaningful sales. Moreover, prior to mass production, customers may decide to cancel their products or change production specifications, resulting in sudden changes in our product specifications, increasing our production time and costs. Failure to meet such specifications may also delay the launch of our products or result in lost sales.

Current wording

The cycle time from the design stage to mass production for some of our products is long and requires the investment of significant resources with many potential customers without any guarantee of sales. Our design-to-mass production cycle typically begins with a three-to-twelve month semiconductor development stage and test period followed by a three-to-twelve month end-product qualification period by our customers. The fairly lengthy front end of our sales cycle creates a risk that we may incur significant expenses but may be unable to realize meaningful sales. Moreover, prior to mass production, customers may decide to cancel their products or change production specifications, resulting in sudden changes in our product specifications, increasing our production time and costs. Failure to meet such specifications may also delay the launch of our products or result in lost sales.

Previous wording

Our growth strategy is to leverage our advanced analog and mixed-signal technology platform, continue to innovate and deliver new products, increase business with existing customers, broaden our customer base, aggressively grow our power business, and drive execution excellence. If we are unable to execute our growth strategy effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures. Moreover, if our allocation of resources does not correspond with future demand for particular products, we could miss market opportunities and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Current wording

Our growth strategy is to leverage our advanced analog and mixed-signal power technology platform, continue to innovate and deliver new products, increase business with existing customers, broaden our customer base, aggressively grow our power business, and drive execution excellence. If we are unable to execute our growth strategy effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures. Moreover, if our allocation of resources does not correspond with future demand for particular products, we could miss market opportunities and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Previous wording

Historically, a portion of our revenues and greater than the majority of our operating expenses and costs of sales have been denominated innon-U.S. currencies, principally the Korean won, and we expect that this will remain true in the future. Because we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars, changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our reported results of operations and distort period to period comparisons. In particular, because of the difference in the amount of our consolidated revenues and expenses that are in U.S. dollars relative to Korean won, a depreciation in the U.S. dollar relative to the Korean won could result in a material increase in reported costs relative to revenues, and therefore could cause our profit margins and operating income to appear to decline materially, particularly relative to prior periods. The converse is true if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate relative to the Korean won. For example, foreign currency fluctuations had a favorable impact on our reported profit margins and operating income from operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 due to a relatively weaker Korean won during the periods. Moreover, our foreign currency gain or loss would be affected by changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar as a substantial portion ofnon-cash translation gain or loss is associated with the intercompany long-term loans to one of our Korean subsidiaries, Magnachip Semiconductor, Ltd., or MSK, which is denominated in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding intercompany loan balance including accrued interests between MSK and our Dutch subsidiary was $257.7 million. Our Dutch subsidiary uses the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

Current wording

Historically, a portion of our revenues and greater than the majority of our operating expenses and costs of sales have been denominated in non-U.S. currencies, principally the Korean won, and we expect that this will remain true in the future. Because we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars, changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our reported results of operations and distort period to period comparisons. In particular, because of the difference in the amount of our consolidated revenues and expenses that are in U.S. dollars relative to Korean won, a depreciation in the U.S. dollar relative to the Korean won could result in a material increase in reported costs relative to revenues, and therefore could cause our profit margins and operating income to appear to decline materially, particularly relative to prior periods. The converse is true if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate relative to the Korean won. For example, foreign currency fluctuations had a favorable impact on our reported profit margins and operating income from operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 due to a relatively weaker Korean won during the periods. Moreover, our foreign currency gain or loss would be affected by changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar including those related to the intercompany long-term loans to our Korean subsidiary, Magnachip Semiconductor, Ltd., or MSK, which is denominated in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding intercompany loan balance including accrued interests between MSK and our Dutch subsidiary was $75.1 million. While the intercompany loan balance including accrued interest has decreased compared to prior periods, changes in exchange rates could continue to affect our reported foreign currency gain or loss. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, 453 employees, or approximately 54% of our employees, were represented by the Magnachip Semiconductor Labor Unions. We can offer no assurance that any issues with the labor union and other employees will be resolved favorably for us in the future, that we will not experience work stoppages or other labor problems in future years or that we will not incur significant expenses related to such issues.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, 441 employees, or approximately 64% of our employees, were represented by the Magnachip Semiconductor Labor Unions. We can offer no assurance that any issues with the labor union and other employees will be resolved favorably for us in the future, that we will not experience work stoppages or other labor problems in future years or that we will not incur significant expenses related to such issues.

Previous wording

A substantial portion of our net sales are derived from semiconductor devices assembled in packages or on film. The packaging and testing of semiconductors require technical skills and specialized equipment. For the portion of packaging and testing that we outsource, we use subcontractors located in Korea and China. We rely on these subcontractors to package and test our devices with acceptable quality and yield levels, and, while we specify quality standards, we are not able to directly oversee theirday-to-day operations and the packaging and testing of our devices. Onboarding of a new subcontractor, including as a result of switching from one subcontractor to another, takes approximately three to six months to verify the subcontractor’s capabilities and an additional six to twelve months to receive approval from our customers to use such subcontractor. We could be adversely affected by political disorders, labor disruptions, public health issues (including viral outbreaks such as COVID-19) and natural disasters where our subcontractors are located due to the time it would take to onboard a new subcontractor. If our semiconductor packagers and test service subcontractors experience problems in packaging and testing our semiconductor devices, experience prolonged quality or yield problems, experience shutdowns or delays associated with public health issues (such as those associated with COVID-19), or decrease the capacity of their operations available to us, our operating results could be adversely affected.

Current wording

A substantial portion of our net sales are derived from semiconductor devices assembled in packages or on film. The packaging and testing of semiconductors require technical skills and specialized equipment. For the portion of packaging and testing that we outsource, we use subcontractors located in Korea and China. We rely on these subcontractors to package and test our devices with acceptable quality and yield levels, and, while we specify quality standards, we are not able to directly oversee their day-to-day operations and the packaging and testing of our devices. Onboarding of a new subcontractor, including as a result of switching from one subcontractor to another, takes approximately three to six months to verify the subcontractor’s capabilities and an additional six to twelve months to receive approval from our customers to use such subcontractor. We could be adversely affected by political disorders, labor disruptions, public health issues (including viral or other disease outbreaks) and natural disasters where our subcontractors are located due to the time it would take to onboard a new subcontractor. If our semiconductor packagers and test service subcontractors experience problems in packaging and testing our semiconductor devices, experience prolonged quality or yield problems, experience shutdowns or delays associated with public health issues, or decrease the capacity of their operations available to us, our operating results could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

We cooperate with independent foundries to produce certain Mixed-Signal Solutions products, and the failure of such independent foundries to satisfy our demand could materially disrupt our business.

Current wording

We cooperate with an independent foundry to produce certain Power IC products, and the failure of such independent foundry to satisfy our demand could materially disrupt our business.

Previous wording

We use independent foundry services for certain of our Mixed-Signal Solutions products. Silicon wafer production at these facilities is allocated solely by our vendors and beyond our direct control. Therefore, any disruption in wafer supply from these vendors could have a material impact on our revenue and results of operations.

Current wording

We use independent foundry services for certain of our Power IC products. Silicon wafer production at the external foundry is allocated solely by the vendor and beyond our direct control. Therefore, any disruption in wafer supply from the vendor could have a material impact on our revenue and results of operations.

Previous wording

The SEC, as mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, adopted disclosure regulations for public companies that manufacture products containing certain minerals that are mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries and procedures pertaining to a manufacturer’s efforts regarding the source of such minerals. These “conflict minerals” are commonly found in metals used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Manufacturers are also required to disclose their efforts to prevent the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from them. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of metals used in the manufacture of our products. We may also incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the source of any of the relevant minerals used in our products. We may also face difficulties in satisfying customers who may require that our products be certified as free of “conflict materials,” which could harm our relationships with these customers and lead to a loss of revenue.

Current wording

The SEC, as mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, adopted disclosure regulations for public companies that manufacture products containing certain minerals that are mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries and procedures pertaining to a manufacturer’s efforts regarding the source of such minerals. These “conflict minerals” are commonly found in metals used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Manufacturers are also required to disclose their efforts to prevent the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from them. These requirements and other government regulations could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of metals used in the manufacture of our products. We may also incur additional costs to comply with these regulations and disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the source of any of the relevant minerals used in our products. We may also face difficulties in satisfying customers who may require that our products be certified as free of “conflict materials,” which could harm our relationships with these customers and lead to a loss of revenue.

Previous wording

Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be negatively affected by earnings being (i) lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates or (ii) higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates. In addition, our provision for income taxes could be negatively affected by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes to global intangiblelow-tax income tax laws, transfer pricing adjustments, or changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

Current wording

Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be negatively affected by earnings being (i) lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates or (ii) higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates. In addition, our provision for income taxes could be negatively affected by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes to global intangible low-tax income tax laws, transfer pricing adjustments, or changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

Previous wording

On August 16, 2022, the U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which, among other things, implements a 15% alternative minimum tax on the adjusted financial statement income of large corporations with average annual financial income exceeding $1 billion, a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases and several tax incentives to promote clean energy. The IRA provisions are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. On December 12, 2022, the European Union member states agreed to implement the OECD’s Pillar 2 global minimum effective tax rate of 15% on multinational enterprise (“MNE”) groups with consolidated revenues of at least EUR 750 million during two of the four preceding fiscal years, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2024. Additionally, South Korea became one of the first countries to enact global minimum tax rules. At this time, we do not anticipate that changes in the tax laws will have a material impact to our consolidated tax provision for the year ending December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2025. We will continue to monitor as new information and guidance becomes available.

Current wording

On August 16, 2022, the U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which, among other things, implements a 15% alternative minimum tax on the adjusted financial statement income of large corporations with average annual financial income exceeding $1 billion, a 1% excise tax on the repurchase of corporate stock by certain corporations and several tax incentives to promote clean energy. The IRA provisions are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. On December 12, 2022, the European Union member states agreed to implement the OECD’s Pillar 2 global minimum effective tax rate of 15% on multinational enterprise (“MNE”) groups with consolidated revenues of at least EUR 750 million during two of the four preceding fiscal years, which became effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2024, in many jurisdictions worldwide. Additionally, South Korea has enacted legislation implementing global minimum tax rules, including an income inclusion rule generally effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2024 and an undertaxed profits rule generally effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. South Korea has also enacted a qualified domestic minimum top-up tax generally effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2026. Our company is monitoring the implementation of the Pillar 2 and the resulting legislation in jurisdictions where it operates. Based on our assessment, the company does not expect a material impact from Pillar 2 top-up taxes as the company is below the EUR 750 million revenue threshold. We will continue to monitor as new information and guidance becomes available.

Previous wording

We are also subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the IRS and other taxing authorities, including the Korean National Tax Service, with respect to income andnon-income based taxes both within and outside the U.S. In connection with the OECD’s BEPS project, companies are required to disclose more information to tax authorities on operations around the world, which may lead to greater audit scrutiny of income earned in various countries. Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in jurisdictions in which we operate, or the adoption of new or reformed tax legislation or regulation, may make resolving tax disputes more difficult and the final resolution of tax audits and any related litigation could differ from our historical provisions and accruals, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Current wording

We are also subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing authorities, including the Korean National Tax Service, with respect to income and non-income based taxes both within and outside the U.S. In connection with the OECD’s BEPS project, companies are required to disclose more information to tax authorities on operations around the world, which may lead to greater audit scrutiny of income earned in various countries. Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in jurisdictions in which we operate, or the adoption of new or reformed tax legislation or regulation, may make resolving tax disputes more difficult and the final resolution of tax audits and any related litigation could differ from our historical provisions and accruals, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Previous wording

Additionally, the U.S. has published significant changes to U.S. export control regulations with respect to Russia and China, and we anticipate additional changes to export control regulations in the future. For example, the U.S. government has implemented controls on advanced computing ICs, computer commodities that contain such ICs, and certain semiconductor manufacturing items, as well as controls on transactions involving items for supercomputer and semiconductor manufacturingend-users. The new controls expand the scope of foreign-produced items subject to license requirements for certain entities on the U.S. government’s Entity List. Further changes in the U.S. export control regulations, including changes in the enforcement and scope of such regulations, may create delays in the introduction of our products or services in international markets or could prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products or services globally. In some cases, such changes could prevent the export or import of our products, which could have a material impact on our future results of operations and financial condition.

Current wording

Additionally, the U.S. has published significant changes to U.S. export control regulations with respect to Russia and China, and we anticipate additional changes to export control regulations in the future. For example, the U.S. government has implemented controls on advanced computing ICs, computer commodities that contain such ICs, and certain semiconductor manufacturing items, as well as controls on transactions involving items for supercomputer and semiconductor manufacturing end-users. The new controls expand the scope of foreign-produced items subject to license requirements for certain entities on the U.S. government’s Entity List. Further changes in the U.S. export control regulations, including changes in the enforcement and scope of such regulations, may create delays in the introduction of our products or services in international markets or could prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products or services globally. In some cases, such changes could prevent the export or import of our products, which could have a material impact on our future results of operations and financial condition.

Previous wording

Expanded trade restrictions imposed by South Korea may limit our ability to sell to certain customers or engage in any potential strategic opportunities.

Current wording

Expanded trade restrictions imposed by South Korea may limit our ability to engage in any potential strategic opportunities.

Previous wording

Under the ITA, any export (including various means of outflow, such as sale or transfer outside Korea) of National Core Technology by the MOTIE requires the filing of a prior-report with, and the acceptance of the same by, the MOTIE. Under the Special Act, any export of NHST requires prior approval from the MOTIE. Any such export of NCT without the acceptance of the prior-report with the MOTIE may be subject to corrective orders by the relevant authorities, and failure to comply with such corrective orders may potentially result in criminal liabilities. Any such export of NHST without the prior approval from the MOTIE may be subject to corrective orders by the relevant authorities and may also be subject to criminal sanctions.

Current wording

Under the Act on Prevention of Leakage and Protection of Industrial Technology of Korea (the “ITA”), any export (including various means of outflow, such as sale or transfer outside Korea) of National Core Technology (“NCT”) by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources (the “MOTIR”) requires the filing of a prior-report with, and the acceptance of the same by, the MOTIR. Under the Act on Special Measures for Strengthening and Protecting the Competitiveness of the National High-Tech Strategic Industry (the “Special Act”), any export of National High-Tech Strategic Technology (“NHST”) requires prior approval from the MOTIR. Any such export of NCT or NHST without the acceptance of the prior-report with the MOTIR or the prior approval from the MOTIR may be subject to corrective orders by the MOTIR and may also be subject to criminal sanctions.

Previous wording

The Notification Regarding Designation of National Core Technologies issued by the MOTIE was amended on July 14, 2021 to add certain technologies to the list of National Core Technology designated by the MOTIE, and the amended list includes the OLED DDI design technology for driving display panels. On June 2, 2023, the MOTIE designated 17 technologies, including the OLED DDI design technology for driving display panels, as NHST under the Special Act. In the ordinary course of business, our Korean subsidiary, Magnachip Mixed-Signal, Ltd. (“MMS”), may provide certain information relating to its products, including OLED DDI, to customers, suppliers or vendors, and such disclosure of information may be subject to both NCT and NHST restrictions, and therefore the MOTIE’s acceptance of prior reports and prior approval. Since the amendment of the foregoing NCT list in July 2021, we have filed prior-reports and applications for prior approval with the MOTIE for the export of our OLED DDI product-related information to certain overseas vendors that manufacture our products, and all such reports and applications have thus far been accepted and approved by the MOTIE.

Current wording

The Notification Regarding Designation of National Core Technologies issued by the MOTIR was amended on July 14, 2021 to add certain technologies to the list of NCT designated by the MOTIR, and the amended list includes the OLED DDI design technology for driving display panels. The MOTIR designated certain technologies, including the OLED DDI design technology for driving display panels, as NHST under the Special Act.

Previous wording

In addition, in the event that there is any M&A transaction with respect to MMS that results innon-Korean ownership of 50% or more, or exertion of control over the appointment of officers/management by anon-Korean person or entity as the largest shareholder, a prior-report with and the acceptance by the MOTIE is required under the ITA and a prior approval from the MOTIE is required under the Special Act. There is no assurance that any report for an M&A transaction involvingnon-Korean acquirers or investors will be accepted by the MOTIE, nor we can assure approval for the M&A transaction from the MOTIE when such transaction is pursued in the future.

Current wording

In addition, in the event that there is any M&A transaction with respect to MSK that results in non-Korean ownership of 50% or more, or exertion of control over the appointment of officers/management by a non-Korean person or entity as the largest shareholder, a prior-report with and the acceptance by the MOTIR is required under the ITA and a prior approval from the MOTIR is required under the Special Act. There is no assurance that any report for an M&A transaction involving non-Korean acquirers or investors will be accepted by the MOTIR, nor we can assure approval for the M&A transaction from the MOTIR when such transaction is pursued in the future.

Previous wording

Since the beginning of 2018, there have been increasing public threats and, in some cases, legislative or executive action, from U.S. and foreign leaders regarding instituting tariffs against foreign imports of certain materials. More specifically, since March of 2018, the U.S. and China have applied tariffs to certain of each other’s exports. The institution of trade tariffs globally, and between the U.S. and China specifically, may negatively impact the affected countries’ economic conditions, which could negatively affect demand for our products in those countries and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations of our customers serving the affected markets. The return of the Trump Administration and its recent imposition of additional tariffs on a number of countries in 2025 and threat of trade wars against foreign countries/regions have created even more uncertainties in international trade which may affect our business. For example, the imposition of tariffs could increase costs of theend-user products we supply that we may not be able to pass on to our customers, which could in turn cause a decrease in the sales of our products and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Current wording

Since the beginning of 2018, there have been increasing public threats and, in some cases, legislative or executive action, from U.S. and foreign leaders regarding instituting tariffs against foreign imports of certain materials. More specifically, since March of 2018, the U.S. and China have applied tariffs to certain of each other’s exports. The institution of trade tariffs globally, and between the U.S. and China specifically, may negatively impact the affected countries’ economic conditions, which could negatively affect demand for our products in those countries and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations of our customers serving the affected markets. The Trump Administration's recent imposition of additional tariffs on a number of countries in 2025 and 2026, and threat of trade wars against foreign countries/regions have created even more uncertainties in international trade which may affect our business. These include semiconductor-specific tariffs, which the Trump Administration intends to materially increase over time, and historically elevated baseline and country-specific tariffs. The Trump Administration’s international trade policy and its implementation of tariffs continues to evolve in light of U.S. judicial decisions and negotiations with international trading partners. For example, the imposition of tariffs could increase costs of the end-user products we supply that we may not be able to pass on to our customers, which could in turn cause a decrease in the sales of our products and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Previous wording

Our ability to compete successfully and achieve future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property, proprietary technology andknow-how, as well as our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others.

Current wording

Our ability to compete successfully and achieve future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property, proprietary technology and know-how, as well as our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others.

Previous wording

We seek to protect our proprietary technologies andknow-how through the use of patents, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other security measures. The process of seeking patent protection takes a long time and is expensive. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from pending or future applications or that, if patents issue, they will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted under the patents will provide us with meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. Many of our patents are subject to cross licenses, several of which are with our competitors. Some of our technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect these technologies may be breached and may not be adequate to protect our proprietary technologies. Further, it is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technologies, even without access to our proprietary technologies.

Current wording

We seek to protect our proprietary technologies and know-how through the use of patents, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other security measures. The process of seeking patent protection takes a long time and is expensive. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from pending or future applications or that, if patents issue, they will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted under the patents will provide us with meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. Many of our patents are subject to cross licenses, some of which are with our competitors. Some of our technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect these technologies may be breached and may not be adequate to protect our proprietary technologies. Further, it is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technologies, even without access to our proprietary technologies.

Previous wording

We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, governing, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the generation, use, handling, storage and disposal of, and exposure to, hazardous substances (including asbestos) and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. These laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. Among them is the Act on Remediation and Compensation for Damages arising from Environmental Contamination which came into effect in Korea on January 1, 2016 and provides for strict liability of business entities in violation of the act and alleviates the burden of proof for the damaged party. Further, under the amendment to the Act on the Control and Aggravated Punishment of Environmental Offenses that becomes effective on November 27, 2020, certain environmental offenses such as illegally emitting specified hazardous air pollutants or emitting air pollutants without necessary permits will be subject to penalties of up to 5% of the sales amount generated from the relevant business. Moreover, to effectively respond to environmental crimes, on November 14, 2022, a joint investigation team was established, consisting of experts from both national and local governments, including the prosecutor’s office, the Ministry of Environment. As a result, we have increased potential exposure to liability for environmental contaminations that might have existed in the past or would arise in the future. There can be no assurance that we have been, or will be, in compliance with all such laws and regulations or that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in connection with these laws and regulations in the future. The adoption of new environmental, health and safety laws, the failure to comply with new or existing laws, or issues relating to hazardous substances could subject us to material liability (including substantial fines or penalties), impose the need for additional capital equipment or other process requirements upon us, curtail our operations or restrict our ability to expand operations.

Current wording

We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, governing, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the generation, use, handling, storage and disposal of, and exposure to, hazardous substances (including asbestos) and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. These laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. Among them is the Act on Remediation and Compensation for Damages arising from Environmental Contamination which came into effect in Korea on January 1, 2016 and provides for strict liability of business entities in violation of the act and alleviates the burden of proof for the damaged party. Further, under the amendment to the Act on the Control and Aggravated Punishment of Environmental Offenses that became effective on November 27, 2020, certain environmental offenses such as illegally emitting specified hazardous air pollutants or emitting air pollutants without necessary permits are subject to penalties of up to 5% of the sales amount generated from the relevant business. Moreover, to effectively respond to environmental crimes, on November 14, 2022, a joint investigation team was established, consisting of experts from both national and local governments, including the prosecutor’s office, the Ministry of Environment. As a result, we have increased potential exposure to liability for environmental contaminations that might have existed in the past or would arise in the future. There can be no assurance that we have been, or will be, in compliance with all such laws and regulations or that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in connection with these laws and regulations in the future. The adoption of new environmental, health and safety laws, the failure to comply with new or existing laws, or issues relating to hazardous substances could subject us to material liability (including substantial fines or penalties), impose the need for additional capital equipment or other process requirements upon us, curtail our operations or restrict our ability to expand operations.

Previous wording

Since 2015, our Korean subsidiaries have been subject to K-ETS, a new set of greenhouse gas emissions regulations, under the Act on Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowances. Under K-ETS, our Korean subsidiaries were allocated a certain amount of emissions allowance in accordance with the National Allocation Plan prepared by the Korean government, and are required to meet their allocated target by either reducing emissions or purchasing allowances from other participants or the government in the emission trading market. Reduction of our emissions or energy consumption may result in additional and potentially costly compliance or remediation expenses, including potentially the installation of equipment and changes in the type of materials we use in manufacturing, as well as cost of procuring emission allowances to cover the excess emissions, which could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations. During the first implementation period from 2015 to 2017 and second implementation period from 2018 to 2020, we did not exceed the allocated emission amount. Our Korean subsidiaries have been allocated emissions allowance in the third implementation period from 2021 to 2025, and we do not expect to exceed the allocated emission amount during the third implementation period. If, however, our Korean subsidiaries exceed the allocated emission amount the third implementation period, we will be required to pay for the excess emissions and may be subject to other regulatory action. We will continue to monitor our compliance with the emissions allowance on a yearly basis. In addition, from time to time, if we assess that we have excess allowances, we may sell such excess allowances to manufacturers in the emission market in Korea.

Current wording

Since 2015, our Korean subsidiary has been subject to K-ETS, a new set of greenhouse gas emissions regulations, under the Act on Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowances. Under K-ETS, our Korean subsidiary was allocated a certain amount of emissions allowance in accordance with the National Allocation Plan prepared by the Korean government, and are required to meet their allocated target by either reducing emissions or purchasing allowances from other participants or the government in the emission trading market. Reduction of our emissions or energy consumption may result in additional and potentially costly compliance or remediation expenses, including potentially the installation of equipment and changes in the type of materials we use in manufacturing, as well as cost of procuring emission allowances to cover the excess emissions, which could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations. During the first implementation period from 2015 to 2017 and second implementation period from 2018 to 2020, we did not exceed the allocated emission amount. Our Korean subsidiary has been allocated emissions allowance in the third implementation period from 2021 to 2025, and we do not expect to exceed the allocated emission amount during the third implementation period. If, however, our Korean subsidiary exceeds the allocated emission amount the third implementation period, we will be required to pay for the excess emissions and may be subject to other regulatory action. We will continue to monitor our compliance with the emissions allowance on a yearly basis. In addition, from time to time, if we assess that we have excess allowances, we may sell such excess allowances to manufacturers in the emission market in Korea.

Previous wording

Furthermore, the Korean legislature enacted the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Responding to Climate Change (the “Carbon Neutrality Framework Act”) on September 24, 2021. The Carbon Neutrality Framework Act aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 35% by 2030 (compared to 2018) and proclaims the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2050 as a national vision. The Carbon Neutrality Framework Act is significant in that it legislates carbon neutrality and greenhouse gas reduction objectives, and enables the central administrative agencies, local governments and public institutions to implement various measures towards such objectives. On March 25, 2022, the Enforcement Decree of the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act (the “Enforcement Decree”) was enacted. The Enforcement Decree aims to provide details required for the execution of items prescribed under the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act. The key provisions of the Enforcement Decree include those setting themid-to long-term greenhouse gas reduction goal at 40% and implementing the climate change impact assessment scheme. Based on that, on April 11, 2023, the Korean government published the 1st National Basic Plan for Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth (the “Basic Plan”). The Basic Plan is a national plan for responding to the climate crisis and sustainable development. Including annual reduction goals and implementation measures for each sector (e.g., industry and transportation), the Basic Plan will be updated every five years over the next 20 years between 2023 and 2042. It is anticipated that the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act and the Basic Plan, which aims to promote the harmonious development of the economy and the environment in conjunction with active greenhouse gas reduction measures, will serve as the foundation for the government’s climate change response policy going forward. Meanwhile, on August 29, 2024, the Constitutional Court of Korea (the “Constitutional Court”) held that Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the

Current wording

Furthermore, the Korean legislature enacted the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Responding to Climate Change (the “Carbon Neutrality Framework Act”) on September 24, 2021. The Carbon Neutrality Framework Act aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 35% by 2030 (compared to 2018) and proclaims the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2050 as a national vision. The Carbon Neutrality Framework Act is significant in that it legislates carbon neutrality and greenhouse gas reduction objectives, and enables the central administrative agencies, local governments and public institutions to implement various measures towards such objectives. On March 25, 2022, the Enforcement Decree of the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act (the “Enforcement Decree”) was enacted. The Enforcement Decree aims to provide details required for the execution of items prescribed under the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act. The key provisions of the Enforcement Decree include those setting the mid-to long-term greenhouse gas reduction goal at 40% and implementing the climate change impact assessment scheme. Based on that, on April 11, 2023, the Korean government published the 1st National Basic Plan for Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth (the “Basic Plan”). The Basic Plan is a national plan for responding to the climate crisis and sustainable development. Including annual reduction goals and implementation measures for each sector (e.g., industry and transportation), the Basic Plan will be updated every five years over the next 20 years between 2023 and 2042. It is anticipated that the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act and the Basic Plan, which aims to promote the harmonious development of the economy and the environment in conjunction with active greenhouse gas reduction measures, will serve as the foundation for the government’s climate change response policy going forward. Meanwhile, on August 29, 2024, the Constitutional Court of Korea (the “Constitutional Court”) held that Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act is unconstitutional. This provision mandates the government to establish a national mid- to long-term target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35% from 2018 levels by 2030 which is prescribed by presidential decree. The Constitutional Court ruled that this provision is indeed in violation of the Constitution because it fails to specify any emissions reduction targets beyond 2031, thereby infringing upon the petitioners’ right to clean environment. Considering that the extensive legislative authority to determine reduction targets during the period from 2031 to 2049, the Constitutional Court held that the provision would remain in effect until a legislative amendment is enacted, with a deadline set for February 28, 2026. Reflecting the ruling of the Constitutional Court, the government determined in November 2025 to set the 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) at a reduction target of 53% to 61%…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

Enacted on January 26, 2021 and effective as of January 27, 2022 in Korea, the SAPA will impose enhanced liability exposure for workplace accidents. The legislative goal of the SAPA is to prevent serious accidents by prescribing punishments and punitive damages liability for business owners or responsible management personnel who have violated safety and health measures in the event of such serious accidents (serious industrial accidents and serious civil accidents). Since the law applies to businesses in Korea with 50 or more full-time employees starting from January 27, 2022, our Korean subsidiaries become subject to the law after the effective date. According to the SAPA, if a serious occupational accident occurs that results in at least one deceased person, at least two persons wounded for six months or more, or at least three persons suffering from occupational diseases within a one year period, if the “business owners or responsible management personnel” of the relevant business place is found to have failed to perform its “obligation to secure safety and health,” that person may be subject to imprisonment for up to 7 year or a fine of up to KRW 100 million (in case of death, imprisonment for not less than 1 year or a fine of not less than KRW 1 billion). Additionally, if there was negligence of the company in giving due attention and supervision to prevent such accident, the company will be subject to a fine up to KRW 1 billion (in case of death, a fine up to KRW 5 billion) under joint penalty provisions. Relevant responsible management personnel will also be required to spend more time, effort and cost to comply with the SAPA and perform the necessary additional duties imposed by the law to ensure compliance.

Current wording

Enacted on January 26, 2021 and effective as of January 27, 2022 in Korea, the SAPA imposes enhanced liability exposure for workplace accidents. The legislative goal of the SAPA is to prevent serious accidents by prescribing punishments and punitive damages liability for business owners or responsible management personnel who have violated safety and health measures in the event of such serious accidents (serious industrial accidents and serious civil accidents). Since the law applies to businesses in Korea with 50 or more full-time employees starting from January 27, 2022, our Korean subsidiary is subject to the law. According to the SAPA, if a serious occupational accident occurs that results in at least one deceased person, at least two persons wounded for six months or more, or at least three persons suffering from occupational diseases within a one year period, and if the “business owners or responsible management personnel” of the relevant business place is found to have failed to perform its “obligation to secure safety and health,” that person may be subject to imprisonment for up to 7 year or a fine of up to KRW 100 million (in case of death, imprisonment for not less than 1 year or a fine of not less than KRW 1 billion). Additionally, if there was negligence of the company in giving due attention and supervision to prevent such accident, the company will be subject to a fine up to KRW 1 billion (in case of death, a fine up to KRW 5 billion) under joint penalty provisions. Relevant responsible management personnel are also required to spend more time, effort and cost to comply with the SAPA and perform the necessary additional duties imposed by the law to ensure compliance.

Previous wording

We may require more capital in the future from equity or debt financings to fund operating expenses, such as research and development costs, finance investments in equipment and infrastructure, acquire complementary businesses and technologies, and respond to competitive pressures and potential strategic opportunities. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new shares we issue could have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. There can be no assurance that any additional equity or debt financing would be available to us, or if available, that such financing would be on favorable terms to us. Accordingly, if we are unable to obtain additional capital or our business does not generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities to fund our working capital needs and planned capital expenditures, and our cash reserves are depleted, we may need to take various actions, such asdown-sizing and/or eliminating certain operations, which could include additional exit costs, reducing or delaying capital expenditures, selling assets, or other restructuring actions. There can be no assurance that we would be successful in taking such actions and, in any event, such actions may result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, our indebtedness limits our ability to incur additional indebtedness under certain circumstances.

Current wording

We may require more capital in the future from equity or debt financings to fund operating expenses, such as research and development costs, finance investments in equipment and infrastructure, acquire complementary businesses and technologies, and respond to competitive pressures and potential strategic opportunities. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new shares we issue could have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. There can be no assurance that any additional equity or debt financing would be available to us, or if available, that such financing would be on favorable terms to us. Accordingly, if we are unable to obtain additional capital or our business does not generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities to fund our working capital needs and planned capital expenditures, and our cash reserves are depleted, we may need to take various actions, such as down-sizing and/or eliminating certain operations, which could include additional exit costs, reducing or delaying capital expenditures, selling assets, or other restructuring actions. There can be no assurance that we would be successful in taking such actions and, in any event, such actions may result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, our indebtedness limits our ability to incur additional indebtedness under certain circumstances.

Previous wording

We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, suppliers, subcontractors and operations located primarily in Asia. As a result, we face risks inherent in international operations, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other market barriers, political, social and economic instability, adverse tax consequences, war, civil disturbances and acts of terrorism, public health issues (including viral outbreaks such as COVID-19), difficulties in accounts receivable collection, extended payment terms and differing labor standards, enforcement of contractual obligations and protection of intellectual property. These risks may lead to increased costs or decreased revenue growth, or both.

Current wording

We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, suppliers, subcontractors and operations located primarily in Asia. As a result, we face risks inherent in international operations, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other market barriers, political, social and economic instability, adverse tax consequences, war, civil disturbances and acts of terrorism, public health issues (including viral or other disease outbreaks), difficulties in accounts receivable collection, extended payment terms and differing labor standards, enforcement of contractual obligations and protection of intellectual property. These risks may lead to increased costs or decreased revenue growth, or both.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $27.2 million aggregate principal amount of indebtedness under the working capital Term Loan borrowed under the Loan Agreement, which is secured by a pledge of our Fab 3 properties. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $27.9 million aggregate principal amount of indebtedness outstanding under the working capital term loan (the "Term Loan") borrowed pursuant to the Loan Agreement, which is secured by a pledge of the properties of our fabrication facility in Gumi ("Fab3"). We also had approximately $16.7 million aggregate principal amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Equipment Financing Credit Agreement, which provides financing for capital expenditures of MSK (the "CAPEX Loans"). The CAPEX Loans are secured by a pledge of our certain machinery and equipment owned by MSK, which are located in its fabrication facility in Gumi, Korea. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:

Previous wording

Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our indebtedness and our cash needs may increase in the future. If we are unable to pay our indebtedness when due, including the Term Loan, the lenders may declare default and invoke remedies that could include the foreclosure on pledged collateral to satisfy such indebtedness, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our indebtedness and our cash needs may increase in the future. If we are unable to pay our indebtedness when due, including the Term Loan and CAPEX Loans, the lenders may declare default and invoke remedies that could include the foreclosure on pledged collateral to satisfy such indebtedness, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Rearranged current paragraphs (14)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Expanded trade restrictions may limit our ability to sell to certain customers.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of our operational initiatives, including our transition to a pure-play Power company and the exit from our Display business.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We manufacture our products based on our estimates of customer demand, and if our estimates are incorrect, our financial results could be negatively impacted.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

A significant portion of our sales comes from a relatively limited number of customers, the loss of which could adversely affect our financial results.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The average selling prices of our semiconductor products have at times declined rapidly and will likely do so in the future, which could harm our revenue and gross profit.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We are subject to risks associated with currency fluctuations, and changes in the exchange rates of applicable currencies could impact our results of operations.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Global shortages in manufacturing capacities could interrupt or negatively affect our operations, increase cost to manufacture and negatively impact our results of operations.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Recent changes in international trade policy and the imposition and threats of international tariffs, including tariffs applied to goods traded between the United States and other countries/regions, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Our Korean subsidiary has been designated as a regulated business under Korean environmental law, and such designation could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Our compliance with the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (the “SAPA”) could require significant expenditures and management time and expose us to liability for violations.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Our business depends on international customers, suppliers and operations in Asia, and as a result we are subject to regulatory, operational, financial and political risks, which could adversely affect our financial results.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be successfully consummated, or that it will enhance shareholder value, and share repurchases could affect the price of our common stock.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware Law may make it difficult for a third party to acquire us and could depress the price of our common stock.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We have not historically paid dividends and do not currently have any dividend or distribution policy, and therefore, investors may need to rely on sales of their common stock as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
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Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Carbon Neutrality Framework Act is unconstitutional. This provision mandates the government to establish a nationalmid- to long-term target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 35% from 2018 levels by 2030 which is prescribed by presidential decree. The Constitutional Court ruled that this provision is indeed in violation of the Constitution because it fails to specify any emissions reduction targets beyond 2031, thereby infringing upon the petitioners’ right to clean environment. Considering that the extensive legislative authority to determine reduction targets during the period from 2031 to 2049, the Constitutional Court held that the provision would remain in effect until a legislative amendment is enacted, with a deadline set for February 28, 2026.