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RxSight, Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 25, 2026.

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About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Feb 25, 2026

RXST$4.540.0%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-25.

0000950170-25-026681

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-25.

0001193125-26-071775

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 110 previous paragraphs and 100 current paragraphs.

60 unchanged; 29 reworded; 10 added; 21 removed; 0 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 5 previous and 5 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (10)

Current report

We believe this business model provides an attractive and concentrated market opportunity addressable with a focused sales force. Our commercial organization includes LDD sales personnel, LAL account managers, clinical specialists, field service engineers, and marketing personnel. We recently completed a full realignment of our U.S. commercial organization by integrating our clinical and sales teams into a single unified Customer Success Organization. We believe this new structure will not only help us better support our existing customers, but it will also position us for the next phase of adoption. Each integrated team within the Customer Success Organization is responsible for a defined group of doctors and practices, managing the customer experience from onboarding through long-term LAL utilization growth. The majority of employees in our approximately 200-person commercial organization are in the Customer Success Organization. We plan on growing our business by increasing LAL adoption, expanding our LDD installed base, and driving heightened awareness of what we believe to be superior clinical outcomes that our RxSight system provides patients. We have found that ensuring clinicians understand our technology, are well-trained in its use, and understand the number of patients our technology can benefit, increases utilization. Our Customer Success Organization is focused on providing this support to our customers.

Current report

While we continue to make investments in our sales and marketing organization, including personnel in clinical applications, practice development, sales and technical service personnel, we also intend to expand our marketing efforts through additional print and digital, social media, education and other customer tools to drive further adoption of the RxSight system.

Current report

Our results are influenced by several key factors, including: (i) growth in our LDD installed base, which enables LALs to be implanted; (ii) the utilization of that installed base for LAL procedures, measured by the number of LALs implanted per installed LDD; (iii) product mix between LALs and LDDs, which affects our overall gross margins; (iv) manufacturing cost trends; and (v) seasonal and external factors that may affect cataract surgery volumes. We believe the number of LDDs installed and LALs implanted are the strongest indicators of the adoption of our technology and our ability to generate revenue. We monitor average monthly utilization, which we define as the number of LALs implanted during a quarter divided by the LDD installed base at the end of the prior quarter. This fluctuates due to seasonality, practice ramp, and external disruptions (including severe weather events).

Current report

During 2025, we sold 163 LDDs, which was a decrease of 142 LDDs when compared to the prior year due to slower adoption of our RxSight technology by practices and doctors. LAL sales increased by 11,560 units when compared to the prior year, primarily due to the larger LDD installed base.

Current report

Sales decreased by $5.5 million, or (3.9)%, to $134.5 million in 2025 from $139.9 million in 2024. The decrease in total sales was primarily due to a decline of 142 units, or (47%), in the total number of LDDs sold during the year ended 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. The lower LDD sales were partially offset by increased LAL sales of 11,560 units, or 12%, when compared to the same period in 2024, which was primarily due to the net increase in our LDD installed base. The reduction in LDD sales was due to slower adoption of RxSight technology among practices and doctors in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Current report

Research and development expenses increased by $4.1 million to $38.5 million in from $34.4 million in 2024, an increase of 12.2%. This increase was primarily attributable to $2.6 million in research and development activities, including the allocation of manufacturing resources and headcount, $2.7 million in increased personnel costs which includes stock-based compensation, offset by a $1.3 million decrease in clinical study and other costs. We expect to maintain our focus on research and development spending as we seek to improve clinical outcomes, improve customer experience, expand our indications for use, reduce manufacturing costs and support lifecycle management.

Current report

Other income (expense), net decreased by $0.2 million to income of $9.3 million in 2025 from income of $9.5 million in 2024. This change was primarily due to lower interest rates on investment balances in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Current report

For a discussion of our contractual obligations and commitments, refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in our notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Removed paragraphs (21)

Previous report

We believe the number of LDDs sold in each quarter and our LDD installed base at the end of each period are important metrics as they represent an installed base into which we can sell our LALs. We also believe the number of LALs sold (reported as implanted in a patient) in each quarter is an important metric indicative of adoption and utilization of our RxSight system.

Previous report

During 2024, we had increased LDD sales of 39 and increased LAL sales of 43,182 when compared to 2023 from strong adoption of our RxSight technology by practices and doctors combined with an increased LDD installed base.

Previous report

Loss on extinguishment of term loan consist of the loss from extinguishment of term loans due to repayment to Oxford Finance, LLC (“Oxford”). For more information regarding our prior term debt arrangement with Oxford, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Refinancing and Payoff of Oxford Debt” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024 (the “2023 Form 10-K”), which is incorporated herein by reference.

Previous report

Sales increased by $50.8 million, or 57.1%, to $139.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $89.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was due to incremental sales of 43,182 LALs primarily due to continued penetration in existing customers, an increased LDD installed base of 305 and incremental sales of 39 LDDs from strong adoption of our RxSight technology by practices and doctors.

Previous report

Research and development expenses increased by $5.3 million to $34.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 18.3%. This increase was primarily attributable to $2.9 million in increased facility costs due to increased research and development infrastructure, $2.2 million in increased personnel costs which includes stock-based compensation and $0.4 million in increased clinical study costs.

Previous report

Other income (expense), net increased by $8.0 million to income of $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from income of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This change was primarily due to increased interest income of $2.9 million primarily from higher short-term investment balances and decreased interest expense of $3.3 million on the Oxford term loan and a decrease of $1.8 million loss from extinguishment of term loan due to the repayment of the Oxford debt.

Previous report

On May 8, 2024, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (“shelf registration statement”). The shelf registration statement is effective for three years and permits us to sell, from time to time, common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, and/or units. The shelf registration statement is intended to provide us with the flexibility to access additional capital. At the time of filing the shelf registration statement, we also filed a prospectus supplement to sell up to an aggregate value of $115.0 million dollars of common stock through a public offering (“Public Offering”).

Previous report

On May 8, 2024, we entered into an underwriting agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., in which we agreed to issue and sell 1,785,714 shares of our common stock in a Public Offering, pursuant to the shelf registration statement. The shares of common stock were sold at a price to the public of $56.00 per share. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters an option exercisable for 30 days from the date of the underwriting agreement to purchase up to an additional 267,857 shares of common stock on the same terms and conditions. The underwriters' option was exercised in full on May 10, 2024 and the Public Offering (inclusive of the underwriters' option shares) closed on May 13, 2024. We received net proceeds of approximately $107.5 million from the Public Offering, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $6.9 million and other offering expenses of $0.6 million.

Previous report

100 Columbia lease to include 120 Columbia Suites 300, 400 and 500

Previous report

On November 6, 2024, we entered into a new lease amendment to one of our existing leases comprising our headquarters, manufacturing, research and development and administrative offices in Aliso Viejo, California. We entered into the new amended lease to have continued long-term access to our facilities and acquire additional square footage.

Previous report

On April 18, 2024, we entered into a new lease, and amendments to two existing leases, for three of our four facilities comprising our headquarters, manufacturing, research and development and administrative offices in Aliso Viejo, California. We entered into the new lease and amended two existing leases to extend the rental terms and options, ensure continued long-term access to our facilities, acquire additional square footage to expand manufacturing, and align the lease end dates for each of our four facilities. See Note 11 – Leases in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Previous report

Our four facility operating leases are our only material contractual obligations. For an additional description of these contractual obligations and commitments, see Note 11 – Leases in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Previous report

Our standby letter of credit was not required to be renewed and expired on September 30, 2024.

Previous report

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $61.5 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from issuances of common stock from our public offering of $54.1 million, proceeds from issuance of common stock for at-the-market offerings of $42.4 million and proceeds from issuance of common stock of $9.5 million pursuant to equity compensation programs, partially offset by a net paydown of the June 2023 LSA Oxford term debt of $40.0 million.
Reworded paragraphs (29)

Previous wording

We are a commercial-stage medical technology company dedicated to providing high quality customized vision to patients following cataract surgery. Our proprietary RxSight® Light Adjustable Lens system (“RxSight system”) is the first and only commercially available premium cataract technology that enables doctors to customize and optimize visual acuity for patients after surgery. The RxSight system is comprised of our RxSight Light Adjustable Lens™ (“LAL™” and “LAL+®”, collectively the “LAL”), RxSight Light Delivery Device (“LDD™”), and accessories. Our LAL's are premium intraocular lens (“IOL”) made of proprietary photosensitive material that changes shape in response to specific patterns of ultraviolet (“UV”) light generated by our LDD.

Current wording

RxSight, Inc. is a commercial-stage medical technology company dedicated to providing high-quality customized vision to patients following cataract surgery. Our proprietary RxSight®Light Adjustable Lens system (“RxSight system”) is the first and only commercially available premium cataract technology that enables doctors to customize and optimize visual acuity for patients after surgery. The RxSight system is comprised of our RxSight Light Adjustable Lens®(LAL®/LAL+®, collectively the “LAL”), RxSight Light Delivery Device™ (“LDD™”) and related accessories. The LAL is a premium intraocular lens (“IOL”) made from the proprietary silicone-based photosensitive material that undergoes controlled changes in refractive power when exposed to specific ultraviolet (“UV”) light patterns generated by the LDD.

Previous wording

We designed our RxSight system to address the shortcomings of competitive premium IOL technologies and provide a solution that doctors can trust to improve visual outcomes and achieve high levels of patient satisfaction. Competitive premium IOLs require patients to specify their visual priorities before surgery and be willing to accept various optical trade-offs associated with those choices. Once a patient has selected a competitive premium IOL, the surgeon must rely on a series of preoperative diagnostic tests and predictive formulae to choose the appropriate lens power. If the doctor’s prediction isn’t exact, the patient may experience suboptimal results that could necessitate a subsequent corneal refractive procedure or certain other compromises in order to reach vision targets.

Current wording

We designed our RxSight system to address limitations of conventional premium IOL technologies by providing doctors with a more precise and adaptable method for achieving desired visual outcomes for their patients. Conventional premium IOLs require patients to select their visual priorities before surgery and accept the optical trade-offs inherent in those choices. Surgeons must rely on a series of preoperative measurements and predictive formulae to determine the appropriate lens power. If the selected power is not optimal, the patient may experience less-than-ideal results that could require a subsequent corneal refractive procedure or other corrective measures to achieve intended vision targets.

Previous wording

In contrast, with the RxSight system, the surgeon implants the LAL during a standard cataract procedure, determines refractive error with patient input several weeks following surgery and then uses the LDD to modify the LAL with the precise visual correction needed to achieve the patient’s desired vision outcomes. We believe our RxSight system provides doctors and patients increased confidence and peace of mind by eliminating the high-stakes preoperative guesswork common to competitive premium IOLs and allowing patients to iterate their final vision characteristics with customized post-surgical adjustments.

Current wording

In contrast, with the RxSight system, the surgeon implants the LAL as they would in any other cataract procedure, determines refractive error with patient input several weeks following surgery and then uses the LDD to modify the LAL with the precise visual correction needed to achieve the patient’s desired vision outcomes. We believe our RxSight system provides doctors and patients increased confidence and peace of mind by eliminating the high-stakes preoperative guesswork common to conventional premium IOLs and allowing patients to iterate their final vision characteristics with customized post-surgical adjustments.

Previous wording

We compete primarily in the IOL market in the U.S. The LAL is a premium IOL which is partially reimbursable under Medicare, and in some cases by private payors. Premium IOLs are sold at a higher price point than conventional IOLs, as they provide refractive correction of vision unlike a conventional IOL that only replaces the natural lens with a clear lens (which is the standard for Medicare reimbursement). Our RxSight system has regulatory approval in the U.S., Europe, Canada, Mexico and Korea. We may selectively pursue commercial expansion in these or other geographies that accept these approvals in the future, with a priority on markets where we see significant potential opportunities. New approvals may also be sought in large foreign cataract markets with more complex regulatory processes such as Asia and Europe.

Current wording

Currently, we primarily compete in the IOL market in the U.S. The LAL is a premium IOL which is partially reimbursable under Medicare, and in some cases by private payors. Premium IOLs are sold at a higher price point than conventional IOLs as they provide refractive vision correction, whereas conventional IOLs simply replace the natural lens with a clear lens (which is the standard for Medicare reimbursement). Our RxSight system is approved in the U.S. and several foreign countries for improving uncorrected visual acuity by adjusting the LAL power to correct residual postoperative refractive error. Outside of the U.S., we presently have approval in Europe, Canada, Mexico, Singapore, Australia and South Korea, and we intend to seek additional approvals in the future to broaden our international presence. In non-U.S. markets, reimbursement and healthcare payment systems vary significantly by country. Some have instituted price ceilings on specific products and therapies. In many countries, analogous determinations to the dual aspect CMS ruling have been made, allowing for partial coverage of the cataract procedure by national health systems, with patients paying out of pocket for refractive services associated with the premium IOL. In other countries, similar dual billing is not allowed. While we are growing our presence outside the U.S., we do not anticipate meaningful near-term sales from these non-U.S. regions.

Previous wording

We are a Delaware corporation headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California with one wholly owned subsidiary located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The wholly owned subsidiary has a registered branch in the United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary located in Germany.

Current wording

We are a Delaware corporation headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California with two wholly owned subsidiaries located in Hong Kong (“RxSight, Hong Kong”) and in Amsterdam, Netherlands (“RxSight, Netherlands”). RxSight, Netherlands has a registered branch in the United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary located in Germany (“RxSight Germany”).

Previous wording

Our commercial efforts began in late 2019 and have been primarily focused in the United States, where we are building a “razor and razor blade” business model to drive new customer adoption and ongoing LAL volume growth. Our United States commercial organization includes a direct sales team of LDD sales personnel and LAL account managers, as well as clinical specialists, field service engineers and marketing personnel. Our sales efforts are concentrated on the roughly 3,500 to 4,000 U.S. cataract surgeons that perform approximately 60% of all premium IOL procedures. As of December 31, 2024, we had established an installed base of 971 LDDs in ophthalmology practices and, since our inception though December 31, 2024, surgeons have implanted over 195,000 LALs.

Current wording

Our commercial efforts began in 2019, and have been primarily focused in the U.S., where we are building a “razor and razor blade” business model to drive new customer adoption and ongoing LAL volume growth. Our sales efforts are concentrated on the approximately 3,500 to 4,000 U.S. cataract surgeons that perform approximately 60% of all premium IOL procedures. As of December 31, 2025, we have established an installed base of 1,134 LDDs in ophthalmology practices and, since our inception through December 31, 2025, surgeons have implanted approximately 300,000 LALs.

Previous wording

We believe this business model provides an attractive and concentrated market opportunity addressable with a focused sales force. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization. We believe selectively increasing the number of sales representatives, practice development personnel and clinical trainers will help facilitate further adoption of our products among existing customer accounts as well as broaden awareness of our products to new accounts. We plan to grow our business primarily by expanding the size of our LDD installed base and driving increased utilization of our LAL through heightened awareness of the superior clinical outcomes that our RxSight system provides patients. To continue to strengthen our competitive position in the premium IOL market, our research and development activities are focused primarily on programs that improve clinical outcomes, improve customer experience, expand our indications for use, reduce manufacturing costs and lifecycle management. Our near-term research and development activities are focused on enhancements to the RxSight system to improve the patient and doctor experience, expand the range of patients that can be treated, as well as expand the RxSight system indications and drive adoption. We believe that over time, our adjustable lens solution can be used to address a broad range of cataract surgery patients, including those that would otherwise elect for a conventional cataract procedure today. Additional development and clinical studies that are designed to provide clinical evidence of the safety and effectiveness of our existing and future generations of products are also anticipated. Finally, we may in the future seek to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our portfolio, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities.

Current wording

Our near-term research and development activities are focused on enhancements to the RxSight system to improve clinical outcomes, enhance customer experience, expand our indications for use, reduce manufacturing costs and support lifecycle management. We believe our adjustable lens solution can be used to address a broad range of cataract surgery patients, including those that would otherwise elect for a conventional cataract procedure today. We will undertake additional clinical studies to expand the existing body of evidence related to the safety and effectiveness of our current and future generations of products. Finally, we may in the future seek to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our portfolio, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities.

Previous wording

We intend to continue to make investments in our sales and marketing organization, primarily sales representatives, clinical applications specialists and technical service personnel to support new customers and upgrades and LAL account managers to facilitate adoption of use of our LALs among existing accounts. We will expand our marketing efforts with additional print and digital, social media and other customer tools to expand their local advertising. We will also continue to make significant investments in research and development and clinical expenses to make enhancements in our current products. Additionally, as a public company, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur increased costs for employee-related expenses, director and officer insurance premiums, audit fees, (including costs for compliance with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), legal fees, investor relations fees, fees to members of our Board of directors and expenses for compliance with public-company reporting requirements. Because of these and other factors, we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flows from operations in the near future.

Current wording

Additionally, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur costs related to operating as a public company, such as director and officer insurance premiums, audit fees, costs for compliance with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, legal fees, investor relations fees, fees to members of our Board of Directors, and expenses for compliance with public-company reporting requirements. Because of our ongoing investment in our business and products and these and other factors, we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flows from operations for the near future.

Previous wording

We regularly review several operating and financial metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate our business plan and make strategic decisions. We believe the number of LDDs installed and, LALs implanted are indicators of our ability to drive adoption and generate revenue. We believe these are important metrics for our business. We may not yet be able to accurately assess seasonality and other trends, and we will continue to evaluate our business in the future using these and other financial metrics as we observe trends in our business. Our quarterly and annual financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors many of which are outside our control. For example, it is not uncommon in our industry to experience seasonally weaker sales during the summer months and end-of-year holiday season. We may be affected by other seasonal trends in the future, including severe weather (which can impact the number of elective procedures performed), particularly as our business matures. Additionally, this seasonality may be reflected to a much lesser extent, and sometimes may not be immediately apparent, in our revenue. To the extent we experience this seasonality, it may cause fluctuations in our operating results and financial metrics and make forecasting our future operating results and financial metrics more difficult.

Current wording

We regularly review several operating and financial metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate our business plan and make strategic decisions.

Previous wording

Our sales consist of the sale of LALs used in cataract surgeries, the LDDs for delivering light to the LALs to adjust the lens post-surgery, as needed, and service and accessories. Revenue is derived from sales of products primarily in the United States. Customers are primarily comprised of ophthalmic practices (LDD sales) and ambulatory surgery centers (LAL sales). We expect revenue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales organization and sales territories, add customers, expand the base of doctors that are trained to use our products, and expand awareness of our products with new and existing customers and as doctors perform more procedures using our products.

Current wording

Our sales consist of LALs used in cataract surgeries, the LDDs for delivering light to the LALs to adjust the lens post-surgery, as needed, and service and accessories. Revenue is derived from sales of products mainly in the U.S. and select international markets. Customers are primarily comprised of ophthalmic practices (LDD sales) and ambulatory surgery centers (LAL sales). We recently completed a full realignment of our U.S. commercial organization by integrating our clinical and sales teams into a single unified Customer Success Organization. Each integrated team within the Customer Success Organization is responsible for a defined group of doctors and practices, managing customer experience from onboarding through long-term LAL utilization growth. Following several years of rapid growth, sales moderated in 2025, and we expect our commercial realignment initiatives to position the company for renewed revenue growth. We plan to drive continued expansion by supporting existing practices and strategically expanding our LDD installed base and helping new adopters in achieving early success and sustained long-term growth.

Previous wording

LALs are held at customer sites on consignment. Revenue is recognized for LALs upon customer notification that the LALs have been implanted in a patient.

Current wording

In the U.S. LALs are held at customer sites on consignment. Revenue is recognized for LALs upon customer notification that the LALs have been implanted in a patient. Outside the U.S., generally, LALs are held at distributor sites and distributor customer locations, with revenue recognized for LALs upon the distributor notification that the LALs have been implanted in a patient or upon shipment to the distributor.

Previous wording

Our LDD contracts contain multiple performance obligations bundled into one transaction price, with all obligations generally satisfied within one year. The LDD capital asset and related components revenue is recognized upon installation and customer acceptance, training revenue is recognized upon completion of training by at least one doctor and the initial warranty and service agreement are recognized ratably over the service period. After the first year, service contracts can be purchased separately on a standalone basis. Revenue for such service agreements will be recognized over the term of each contract.

Current wording

Our LDD contracts contain multiple performance obligations bundled into one transaction price, with all obligations generally satisfied within one year. Revenue for the LDD capital asset is recognized at a point in time either at installation and acceptance or upon shipment to our international distributors. Revenue for training is also recorded at a point in time, generally 60 days after installation. Revenue for the device service is recognized ratably over time after installation, generally 12 months. After the first year, service contracts can be purchased separately on a standalone basis. Revenue for such service agreements will be recognized ratably over the term of each contract.

Previous wording

Cost of sales consist of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead internally to produce our products as well as the cost of shipping and handling. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations supervision and management and stock-based compensation. Cost of sales also includes depreciation expense for production equipment and certain direct costs such as shipping costs and royalty and license fee expense. Shipping costs billed to customers are included in sales. We expect cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars as our revenue grows and more of our products are sold.

Current wording

Cost of sales consist of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead internally to produce our products as well as the cost of shipping and handling. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations management and stock-based compensation. Cost of sales also includes depreciation expense for production equipment and certain direct costs such as shipping costs. Shipping costs billed to customers are included in sales. As we return to growth, we expect cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars as our revenue grows and higher volume of products are sold.

Previous wording

We calculate gross margin as gross profit/(loss) divided by sales. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including average selling prices, product sales mix, production and ordering volumes, manufacturing costs, product yields, headcount and cost-reduction strategies. Our gross margin could fluctuate from quarter to quarter as we introduce new products, and as we adopt new manufacturing processes and technologies.

Current wording

We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by sales. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including average selling prices, product sales mix, production and ordering volumes, manufacturing costs, product yields, headcount and cost-reduction strategies. Our gross margin could fluctuate from quarter to quarter as we introduce new products, increase or decrease units of production for both the LDD and LAL and as we adopt new manufacturing processes and technologies.

Previous wording

Our LDD, as is typical of many medical device capital equipment products, has a lower gross margin than the IOL, as the material cost of the LDD is significant, representing approximately 50% of the total cost to manufacture. In addition, the list price for and average selling price of our LDD are priced reasonably because LDDs, once sold, generate LAL procedures. Our LAL gross margin is higher, with low material cost but high fixed overhead costs. As our manufacturing volume of the LAL increases and the percentage of revenue from the LAL increases as a percentage of sales, we expect gross margin may continue to improve.

Current wording

Our LDD, as is typical of many medical device capital equipment products, has a lower gross margin, as the material cost of the LDD is a significant portion of the total cost to manufacture. In addition, we do not mark up our LDD substantially because LDDs, once sold, can generate LAL procedures. Our LAL gross margin is higher, with low material cost but high fixed overhead costs.

Previous wording

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”), expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including wages, incentive bonuses, stock-based compensation and benefits related to administrative, selling and marketing functions, education programs for doctors, commercial operations and analytics, finance, information technology and human resource functions. Other SG&A expenses include sales commissions, travel expenses, promotional activities, marketing initiatives, market research and analysis, conferences and trade shows, training for doctors, professional services fees such as legal, patent registration costs, accounting, audit fees, (including costs for compliance with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), tax fees, board of directors’ expenses, insurance costs, general corporate expenses and facilities-related expenses.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”), expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including wages, incentive bonuses, stock-based compensation and benefits related to administrative, selling and marketing functions, education programs for doctors, commercial operations and analytics, finance, information technology and human resource functions. Other SG&A expenses include sales commissions, travel expenses, promotional activities, marketing initiatives, market research and analysis, conferences and trade shows, training for doctors, professional services fees such as legal, patent registration costs, accounting, audit fees (including costs for compliance with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), tax fees, board of directors’ expenses, insurance costs, general corporate expenses and facilities-related expenses. We expect SG&A expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing organization and infrastructure to both drive and support the anticipated growth in revenue.

Previous wording

Interest expense consist primarily of interest incurred on indebtedness and non-cash interest related to the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs associated with our indebtedness and interest on leases.

Current wording

Interest expense consist primarily of interest incurred on leases.

Previous wording

Cost of sales increased by $5.7 million, or 16.1%, to $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $35.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to the increase in the number of LALs and LDDs sold during the period. Gross margin increased to 70.7% in the year ended December 31, 2024 from 60.4% in 2023 primarily due to improved operating leverage, favorable product mix from a greater percentage of revenue from LAL sales and increased margins on our LDD due to lower material costs from the introduction of our compact LDD during the third quarter of 2023.

Current wording

Cost of sales decreased by $9.5 million, or (23.2)%, to $31.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to the decreased number of LDDs sold during the period. Gross margin increased to 76.6% in 2025 from 70.7% in 2024, primarily due to favorable product mix from a greater percentage of revenue from LAL sales, with LAL revenue comprising 80% of revenue in 2025, compared to 69% of revenue in 2024.

Previous wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $26.6 million, or 35.6%, to $101.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $74.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in selling and marketing personnel costs of $19.4 million due mainly to additional headcount of 44, increased sales commissions, incentive bonuses and employee benefits of $9.4 million, $3.2 million of increased stock-based compensation expense, $3.7 million in additional marketing study costs, and new customer acquisition costs, in each case when compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. General and administrative expenses increased by $7.2 million due to increased personnel expenses of $2.6 million, and increased stock-based compensation of $2.8 million and as well as $1.6 million of increased sales tax, outside services, software licenses and bank fees due to an increase in our general administration infrastructure to support an increased installed base and revenues.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $11.2 million, or 11.1%, to $112.7 million in 2025, from $101.4 million in 2024. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in selling and marketing costs of $10.0 million, personnel costs of $1.9 million, $2.4 million of increased stock-based compensation expense, $3.9 million in additional marketing study costs, and $1.7 million in new customer acquisition costs, in each case when compared to 2024. General and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million due to increased stock-based compensation of $1.7 million, which was partially offset by decreases in personnel costs of $0.5 million, primarily due to lower bonus accruals and headcount. We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to continue to expand as we increase our research and development activities, build out our marketing, sales and clinical teams in the U.S. and outside the U.S., and otherwise grow our business.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $16.7 million, short-term investments of $220.5 million, and accumulated deficit of $622.1 million. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our net losses from operations were $36.9 and $50.1 million, respectively. We generated sales of $139.9 million and had a net loss of $27.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to sales of $89.1 million and net loss of $48.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $19.9 million, short-term investments of $208.2 million, and accumulated deficit of $661.0 million. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our net losses from operations were $48.2 and $36.9 million, respectively. We generated sales of $134.5 million and had a net loss of $38.9 million in 2025, compared to sales of $139.9 million and net loss of $27.5 million in 2024.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $16.7 million, short-term investments of $220.5 million, and an accumulated deficit of $622.1 million. We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments through the date of filing of this report will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Although, based on our current planned operations, we do not anticipate the need to raise additional capital or incur additional debt in order to reach profit from operations, as the same may be disclosed in the Company’s future Annual Reports on Form 10-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, we may be required to raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings or debt financings, credit or loan facilities or by entering into partnerships or a combination of one or more of these funding sources in order to meet our liquidity requirements. We may also opportunistically raise capital under advantageous circumstances from time to time, such as the Public Offering, in order to support the expansion of our sales and operations in the U.S. and internationally and to pursue other business opportunities. If we determine that we need to raise additional funds, which may not be available to us when needed or on terms that we deem to be favorable. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected, including potentially requiring us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate certain of our product discovery and development activities or future commercialization efforts. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $19.9 million and short-term investments of $208.2 million. We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments through the date of filing of this report will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Although, based on our current planned operations, we do not anticipate the need to raise additional capital or incur additional debt in order to reach profit from operations, as the same may be disclosed in the Company’s future Annual Reports on Form 10-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, we may be required to raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings or debt financings, credit or loan facilities or by entering into partnerships or a combination of one or more of these funding sources in order to meet our liquidity requirements. We may also opportunistically raise capital under advantageous circumstances from time to time to support the expansion of our sales and operations in the U.S. and internationally and to pursue other business opportunities. If we determine that we need to raise additional funds, such capital may not be available to us when needed or on terms that we deem to be favorable. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected, including potentially requiring us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate certain of our product discovery and development activities or future commercialization efforts. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution.

Previous wording

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $41.6 million consisting primarily of a net loss of $48.6 million, a change in operating assets and liabilities of $9.1 million, partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $15.7 million, and depreciation and amortization of $4.1 million.

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities in 2025 was $15.5 million consisting primarily of a net loss of $38.9 million, a change in operating assets and liabilities of $4.9 million, partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $31.6 million, and depreciation and amortization of $3.3 million.

Previous wording

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $17.0 million consisting primarily of a net loss of $27.5 million, a change in operating assets and liabilities of $9.2 million, partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $24.6 million, and depreciation and amortization of $3.6 million.

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities in 2024 was $17.0 million consisting primarily of a net loss of $27.5 million, a change in operating assets and liabilities of $9.2 million, partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $24.6 million, and depreciation and amortization of $3.6 million.

Previous wording

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $22.1 million, consisting of net purchases of short-term investments of $17.3 million and purchases of property and equipment of $4.8 million.

Current wording

Net cash provided by investing activities in 2025 was $16.9 million, consisting of net maturities of short-term investments of $20.7 million offset by purchases of property and equipment of $3.8 million.

Previous wording

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $99.3 million, consisting of net purchases of short-term investments of $93.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $5.4 million.

Current wording

Net cash used in investing activities in 2024 was $99.3 million, consisting of net purchases of short-term investments of $93.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $5.4 million.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $123.3 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from issuances of common stock from our public offering of $108.1. million, and proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of $20.8 million, partially offset by tax payments for employee stock compensation of $4.8 million.

Current wording

Net cash provided by financing activities in 2024 was $123.3 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from issuances of common stock from our public offering of $108.1. million, and proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of $20.8 million, partially offset by tax payments for employee stock compensation of $4.8 million.

Previous wording

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, which may affect our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, which may affect our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Previous wording

Our revenue is generated from the sale of LALs used in cataract surgery along with a specifically designed machine for delivering light to the eye, the LDD, to adjust the lens post-surgery. Revenue is recognized from sales of products in the U.S. Canada, Europe and Asia to ambulatory surgery centers, hospitals, and physician private practices.

Current wording

Our revenue is generated from the sale of LALs used in cataract surgery along with a specifically designed machine for delivering light to the eye, the LDD, to adjust the lens post-surgery. Revenue is recognized from sales of products in the U.S. Canada, Europe and Asia to ambulatory surgery centers, hospitals, physician private practices and distributors.

Previous wording

We recognize LDD revenue primarily at the point in time at installation and customer acceptance of the LDD is satisfied. LALs are generally held at customer sites on consignment. In limited instances distributors may purchase small quantities of our products primarily to support clinical studies outside the U.S. Revenue is recognized for LALs upon customer notification that the LALs have been implanted in a patient or when title transfers to the distributor in a limited number. The timing of revenue recognition for LDD transactions and LAL transactions requires management judgment. Revenue recognition is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

We recognize LDD revenue primarily at the point in time at installation and customer acceptance of the LDD is satisfied. LALs are generally held at customer sites on consignment. Revenue is recognized for LALs upon customer notification that the LALs have been implanted in a patient or upon shipment to an international distributor. The timing of revenue recognition for LDD transactions and LAL transactions requires management judgment. Revenue recognition is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Net cash provided by financing activities in 2025 was $1.9 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from issuances of common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of $3.9 million, partially offset by tax payments for employee stock compensation of $2.0 million.