BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA

Significant Developments

Investment in KeyCorp

On December 27, 2024, the Bank completed its acquisition of an approximate ownership interest of 14.9% or 163 million shares in KeyCorp. The acquisition was completed in two stages – an initial investment of 4.9% (Initial Investment) on August 30, 2024, and an additional investment of approximately 10% (Additional Investment) on December 27, 2024. The acquisition was completed through

all-cash

purchases of newly issued voting common shares, at a fixed price of U.S.$17.17 per share, resulting in total cash consideration paid of approximately U.S.$2.8 billion ($4.1 billion). Following completion of the Additional Investment, the Bank designated two individuals to serve on KeyCorp’s Board of Directors.

Effective December 27, 2024, the combined 14.9% investment was accounted for as an investment in associate as the Bank has significant influence over KeyCorp as defined under IFRS, given its board representation and ownership interest. The Initial Investment of 4.9% previously accounted for at fair value through other comprehensive income was derecognized and included in the cost base of the investment in associate in Q1 2025. The difference between the fixed transaction price and the quoted share price of KeyCorp on the date of Additional Investment (U.S.$17.20) was recognized as a gain in non-interest income – other in Q1 2025, with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the investment in associate. The carrying amount of the investment in associate upon closing was U.S.$2.8 billion ($4.1 billion), and represents the Bank’s share of KeyCorp’s net assets, adjusted for goodwill and other intangibles. The total impact to the Bank’s common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio from the transaction was a decrease of approximately 49 basis points.

For the three and twelve months ended October 31, 2025, $117 million ($111 million

and $362 million ($338 million

after-tax),

respectively, was recorded in net income from investments in associated corporations, representing the Bank’s share of KeyCorp’s financial results.

Sale of banking operations in Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama

On January 6, 2025, the Bank entered into an agreement with Davivienda to sell its banking operations in Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama in exchange for an approximately 20% ownership stake in the newly combined entity of Davivienda. The Bank’s ownership will consist of 14.99% voting common shares and the remainder in

non-voting

preferred shares.

On the date of the agreement, the Bank’s operations that are part of this transaction were classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 and an impairment loss of $1,362 million ($1,355 million

was recorded in

expenses – other within the Other operating segment, representing the write-down of goodwill ($589 million), intangibles ($151 million), property and equipment ($290 million) and the remaining in other assets.

As of October 31, 2025, the Bank has recognized a total impairment loss of $1,422 million in non-interest expense and a credit of $45 million in non-interest income (collectively $1,342 million after-tax). The loss was recorded in the Other operating segment. The held for sale operations included total assets of $24 billion and total liabilities of $22 billion, consisting primarily of loans and deposits, and the total cumulative foreign currency translation losses, net of hedges was $249 million.

The total impact of the transaction to the Bank’s CET1 capital ratio was a decrease of approximately 13 basis points as of October 31, 2025.

On December 1, 2025, the Bank completed the sale of its banking operations in Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama to Davivienda Group upon receiving all regulatory approvals and satisfying all customary closing conditions. Following the closing date, the Bank’s investment will be accounted for as an investment in associate since the Bank has significant influence over Davivienda’s combined operations as defined under IFRS, given its board representation and ownership interest. Additionally, total assets and liabilities will be derecognized and the Bank is expected to record a loss in Q1 2026 of approximately $300 million after-tax in the Other segment, primarily relating to the release of cumulative foreign currency translation losses, net of hedges.

The CET1 ratio for Q1 2026 is expected to benefit by approximately 10 basis points, primarily from the reduction in risk-weighted assets, net of the Davivienda Investment.