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FiscalNote Holdings, Inc.

For the period ended Sep 30, 2025. Filed Nov 10, 2025.

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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Sep 30, 2025 · Filed Nov 10, 2025

NOTE$0.11-2.7%Stored close · as of Jul 8, 2026

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except shares, par value, per share amounts, or as otherwise noted)

Note 1. Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

FiscalNote Holdings, Inc. (“FiscalNote,” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of artificial intelligence ("AI") driven policy and regulatory intelligence solutions. By uniquely combining proprietary artificial intelligence technology, comprehensive data, and decades of trusted analysis, FiscalNote helps customers efficiently manage political and business risk. Since 2013, the Company has pioneered solutions that deliver critical insights, enabling effective decision making and giving organizations the competitive edge they need.

Home to PolicyNote, CQ, Roll Call, VoterVoice, and many other industry-leading products and brands, FiscalNote serves thousands of customers worldwide with its global offices in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Company is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the financial information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s balance sheet and its results of operations, including its comprehensive loss, temporary equity, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Reverse Stock Split

On August 22, 2025, the Board approved a 1-for-12 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s Common Stock. On August 28, 2025, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation (as amended from time to time, the “Certificate of Incorporation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and the Company’s Class A Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis at market open on September 2, 2025 under the existing symbol “NOTE”.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 12 shares of the Company’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split were automatically converted into one share of Common Stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, each stockholder received a cash payment in lieu thereof at a price equal to the fraction of one share to which the stockholder would otherwise be entitled multiplied by the closing price per share of Class A Common Stock (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on August 29, 2025 the last trading day immediately preceding the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split.

Further, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards and the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and existing agreements, as well as the exercise price and/or any stock price goals, as applicable. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of authorized shares of Common Stock or the par value of the Common Stock. The Company’s publicly traded warrants continue to be traded on the NYSE under the symbol “NOTE.WS”. However, pursuant to the terms of the applicable warrant agreement, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable on exercise of each warrant was proportionately decreased. Specifically, following effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split, every warrant to purchase 1.571428 shares of Class A Common Stock (the exchange ratio in place immediately prior to the Reverse Stock Split) now represents the right to purchase 0.130952 shares of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, the effective per share exercise price is $87.82.

All share and per share amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented.

Liquidity and Going Concern

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 205-40, Going Concern, the Company evaluates whether there are certain conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, which raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments were$31.8 million at September 30, 2025, compared with$35.3 million at December 31, 2024. Further, the Company had a negative working capital balance of$31.3 million (excluding cash and short-term investments) at September 30, 2025 and had an accumulated deficit of$849.3 million and$806.9 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and has incurred net losses (excluding the effect of the gain on sale of businesses) of$59.0 million and$48.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Historically, the Company’s cash flows from operations have not been sufficient to fund its current operating model and the Company partially funded its operations through raising equity and debt and selling assets. The Company has implemented various cost saving measures throughout 2023, 2024 and 2025 to rationalize its cost structure. Accordingly, the Company has improved its cash used in operations by approximately $35.0 million when comparing its cash used in operations for the twelve months ended September 30, 2025 to the cash used in operations for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023. The Company may execute other strategic actions to maximize stakeholder value, including further expense reductions, sale of all or portions of the business, corporate capital restructuring or formal reorganization, or liquidation of assets.

On August 12, 2025 and September 11, 2025 the Company completed the refinancing of a substantial amount of our legacy indebtedness, including a refinance of its Prior Senior Term Loan (as defined herein) with the 2025 Senior Term Loan (as defined herein). The 2025 Senior Term Loan contains four financial covenants: a minimum cash balance requirement, a minimum ARR requirement, a minimum adjusted EBITDA requirement and a capital expenditure limitation. The Company’s ability to maintain compliance with these financial covenants is based on the Company’s current expectations regarding revenues, improved net retention,, collections, cost structure, current cash burn rate and other operating assumptions, which in part, depend on general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions. Within one year from the date of this filing, without any actions taken by management and lenders, it is probable that the Company may not be compliant with one, or all, of its financial covenants. At the time that the Company does not maintain compliance with all of its financial covenants, the lenders may declare the amounts outstanding due and payable at which time the Company would not be able to satisfy the lenders' rights. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing.

If the Company raises funds in the future by issuing equity securities, dilution to stockholders will occur and may be substantial. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of holders of common stock. If the Company raises funds in the future by issuing additional debt securities, these debt securities could have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of common stockholders. The terms of any additional debt securities, borrowings, and/or debt amendments could impose significant restrictions on the Company’s operations. The capital markets have experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, periods of upheaval that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing. There can be no assurance that any necessary additional financing in the future will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Segments

The Company is a leading provider of artificial intelligence ("AI") driven policy and regulatory intelligence solutions and operates out of a single operating segment. The Company derives revenues from customers by delivering critical, actionable legal and policy insights in a rapidly evolving political, regulatory and macroeconomic environment.

The Company's chief operating decision making ("CODM") is the chief executive officer. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance for the single operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income that also is reported on the income statement as consolidated net (loss) income. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. The Company does not have intra-equity sales or transfers. The Company operates as a single operating segment as the chief operating decision maker manages the business activities on a consolidated basis.

The primary financial measures used by the CODM to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODM uses net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company's ongoing operations and as part of the Company's internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on Net income (loss) and Operating income (loss) is disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODM on the same basis as disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on assets of the single segment, and therefore such information is not presented in the notes to the financial statements.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing the net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and the weighted average number of dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the if-converted method (convertible debt instruments) or treasury-stock method (warrants and share-based payment arrangements). For purposes of this calculation, common stock issuable upon conversion of debt, options and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has elected the fair value option for the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, GPO Convertible Note, Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes, Convertible Debentures, and the Era Convertible Notes, refer to Note 8, Debt for further details. The Company records changes in fair value through the condensed consolidated statement of operations where the portion of the change that results from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is recorded separately in accumulated other comprehensive income, if applicable. Additionally, under the fair value option, all issuance costs are expensed in the period that the debt is incurred.

Investments

The Company has invested in highly liquid investments that have investment-grade ratings. These investments are accounted for at fair value through the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company is able to easily liquidate these into cash; accordingly, the Company has presented these investments as available for current operations and are presented as short-term investments within current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Purchases and sales of short-term investments are classified in the investing section of our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Concentrations of Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company generally maintains its cash and cash equivalents with various nationally recognized financial institutions. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents at times exceed amounts guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company considers cash on deposit and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2025, approximately 75% of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

The Company does not require collateral for accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for its doubtful accounts receivable due to estimated credit losses. This allowance is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days billings are past due, collection history of each customer, an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts and current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform adjustments to historical loss patterns. The Company records the allowance against bad debt expense through the condensed consolidated statements of operations, included in sales and marketing expense, up to the amount of revenues recognized to date. Any incremental allowance is recorded as an offset to deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Receivables are written off and charged against the recorded allowance when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, allowance for credit losses of$1,635 and $1,343, respectively, was included in the accounts receivable, net balance.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Revenues derived from the U.S. Federal Government were 17% of revenues for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, assets located in the United States were approximately 99% and 85% of total assets, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, two vendors accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts payable balance. During thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no vendors represented more than 10% of the total purchases made.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. For public entities, ASU 2023-09 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on its income tax disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), as amended by ASU 2025-01, which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement line items in the notes to the financial statements. For public entities, ASU 2024-03 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which removed the language around project stages that was used to assess when costs could be capitalized for an internal-use software. The update also requires internal-use software to be disclosed under the ASC 360 Property, Plant, and Equipment guidance. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.

Note 2. Business Combination with DSAC

On July 29, 2022, the Company consummated the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 7, 2021, and as amended on May 9, 2022, (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among FiscalNote Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Old FiscalNote”), Duddell Street Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“DSAC”), and Grassroots Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware Corporation and a wholly owned direct subsidiary of DSAC (“Merger Sub” and, together with DSAC, the “DSAC Parties”). Pursuant to these transactions, Merger Sub merged with and into Old FiscalNote, with Old FiscalNote becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of DSAC (the “Business Combination” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Business Combination Agreement, the “Transactions”). In connection with the closing of the Transactions, DSAC domesticated and continued as a Delaware corporation under the name of “FiscalNote Holdings, Inc.” (“New FiscalNote”). Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “FiscalNote,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of Old FiscalNote, which became the business of New FiscalNote and its subsidiaries following the closing on July 29, 2022. Subsequent to the closing of the Business Combination, the Company's Class A common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “NOTE” and “NOTE.WS,” respectively. The Company accounted for the Business Combination as a reverse recapitalization whereby Old FiscalNote was determined as the accounting acquirer and DSAC as the accounting acquiree. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Old FiscalNote issuing stock for the net assets of DSAC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DSAC are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

Note 3. Revenues

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table depicts the Company's disaggregated revenue for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Subscription$21,182$27,238$67,794$84,015
Advisory3481,1231,7243,345
Advertising2824371,2371,259
Books1397220
Other revenue6166022,4421,958
Total$22,429$29,439$73,204$90,797

Revenue by Geographic Locations

The following table depicts the Company’s revenue by geographic operations for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
North America$21,083$23,073$64,692$72,134
Europe1,3465,5277,89816,178
Australia-328614950
Asia-511-1,535
Total$22,429$29,439$73,204$90,797

Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of the Company's contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. North America revenue consists solely of revenue attributed to the United States. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, revenue attributed to the United Kingdom represented approximately 15% of total revenues. For thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, revenue attributed to the United Kingdom represented approximately 6% and 14% of total revenues, respectively. For thethree months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, revenue attributed to Belgium represented approximately 6%and 4% of total revenues, respectively. For thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, revenue attributed to Belgium represented approximately 5% and 4% of total revenues, respectively. No other foreign country represented more than five percent of total revenue during thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Contract Assets

The Company had contract assets of$886,$1,240, and$1,183 as of September 30, 2025, December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from the timing of revenue recognition or cash collections. They represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that becomes a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. They are recorded as part of other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred Revenue

Details of the Company’s deferred revenue for the periods presented are as follows:

Balance at December 31, 2023$44,405
Sale of Board.org(9,117)
Revenue recognized in the current period from amounts in the prior balance(35,869)
New deferrals, net of amounts recognized in the current period40,594
Effects of foreign currency378
Balance at September 30, 2024$40,391
Balance at December 31, 2024$35,475
Sale of businesses(7,698)
Revenue recognized in the current period from amounts in the prior balance(30,933)
New deferrals, net of amounts recognized in the current period33,772
Effects of foreign currency473
Balance at September 30, 2025$31,089

Costs Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company capitalized$1,688 and$2,155, respectively, of costs to obtain revenue contracts. The Company amortized costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts in the amount of$783 and$910 to sales and marketing expense during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and$2,471 and$2,795 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There wereno impairments of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

At September 30, 2025, the Company had$68,900 of remaining contract consideration for which revenue has not been recognized due to unsatisfied performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize this over the next five years.

Note 4. Dispositions

2025 Dispositions

Sale of Oxford Analytica and Dragonfly

On February 21, 2025 (the "Signing Date"), the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the "Equity Purchase Agreement") with Factiva Ltd., ("Factiva") a limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales, providing for the sale of all of the outstanding equity interests in each of Dragonfly Eye Limited, a UK private limited company (“Dragonfly”), and The Oxford Analytica International Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Oxford” and collectively with Dragonfly, the “Sold Businesses”). At closing of the sale on March 31, 2025, after adjustments based on the Sold Businesses estimated working capital, indebtedness, and transaction expenses, the Company received $40,000 in cash (excluding $400 of the purchase price that was deposited into escrow to satisfy certain potential post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification claims and including $813 of cash acquired by Factiva). The Equity Purchase Agreement contains representations, warranties and indemnification obligations of the parties customary for transactions similar to those contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement. As a result of the sale, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on disposal of $15,260. The purchase price is subject to adjustment pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement; accordingly, the gain on sale may increase, or decrease, as the case may be, upon finalization of the purchase price.

The proceeds from the sale were used in part to prepay and retire $27,136 of term loans under the Prior Senior Term Loan, and pay $1,793 of related prepayment and exit fees associated with the retired amount. The remaining $11,071 of net proceeds were retained by the Company to pay for related transaction costs, cash taxes that may result from the sale, and general corporate purposes. As part of the sale, the Company recorded a current tax receivable for federal and state income tax of $281.

The Company determined that Oxford Analytica and Dragonfly were not significant subsidiaries, and their sale did not constitute a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations or financial results. As a result, the results of operations for the Sold Businesses were not reported as discontinued operations under the guidance of ASC 205 “Presentation of Financial Statements."

Sale of TimeBase

On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the equity of the Company's Australian subsidiary, TimeBase Pty. Ltd. (“TimeBase”). On July 1, 2025 the Company closed the sale of TimeBase. Total consideration was $7,414 comprising a cash payment to the Company of $6,676 and a buyer holdback of $738 (included in Other non-current assets as the buyer holdback is expected to be repaid in the first quarter of 2027). The proceeds from the sale were used in part to prepay and retire $2,978 of term loans under the Prior Senior Term Loan, and pay $197 of related prepayment and exit fees associated with the retired amount. The remaining $3,501 of net proceeds were retained by the Company to pay for related transaction costs, cash taxes that may result from the sale, and general corporate purposes. As a result of the sale of TimeBase, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of $1,325.

The Company determined that Timbase was not a significant subsidiary, and the disposition of TimeBase did not constitute a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations or financial results. As a result, the results of operations for TimeBase were not reported as discontinued operations under the guidance of ASC 205 “Presentation of Financial Statements."

2024 Dispositions

Sale of Board.org

On March 11, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") to sell the equity of the Company's subsidiary owning and operating its Board.org business with Exec Connect Intermediate LLC (“Exec Connect”). On March 11, 2024, after adjustments based on Board.org’s working capital, indebtedness and transaction expenses, as well as retention payments payable to certain employees of Board.org, the Company received $90,905 in cash (excluding $785 of the purchase price that was deposited into escrow to satisfy certain potential post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification claims and including $21 of cash acquired by Exec Connect). As a result of the sale of Board.org, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain on disposal of $71,599, inclusive of the $785 of funds placed in escrow that the Company anticipated receiving and $50 of estimated post-closing purchase price adjustment. On June 6, 2024, the Company received $500 of the $785 placed in escrow and finalized the post-closing purchase price adjustment. At December 31, 2024 the Company had $285 included in other current assets representing the remaining balance held in escrow pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. On March 17, 2025, the remaining $285 of escrow was released to the Company.

The proceeds from the sale of Board.org were used in part to prepay $65,700 of term loans under the Prior Senior Term Loan, and pay $7,068 of related prepayment and exit fees associated with the retired amount. The remaining $18,137 ofnet proceeds were retained by the

Companyfor general corporate purposes. As part of the sale the Company recorded a current tax liability for federal and state income tax of $1,571 and a non-cash deferred tax charge of $300.

The Company determined that Board.org was not a significant subsidiary, and the disposition of Board.org did not constitute a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations or financial results. As a result, the results of operations for Board.org were not reported as discontinued operations under the guidance of ASC 205 “Presentation of Financial Statements."

Sale of Aicel

On October 31, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the equity of the Company's subsidiary owning and operating its Aicel Technologies business ("Aicel") to a South Korean based-group. Total consideration was $9,650 comprised of a cash payment to the Company of $8,500 and the assumption of an existing convertible note previously issued by Aicel in 2022, with an outstanding total principal and accrued paid-in-kind interest amount of $1,150. The net proceeds, after paying transaction fees, expenses, and taxes were used to repay $5,000 of principal and accrued paid-in-kind interest of the Company's Prior Senior Term Loan. As a result of the sale of Aicel, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of $480.

The Company determined that Aicel was not a significant subsidiary, and the disposition of Aicel did not constitute a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations or financial results. As a result, the results of operations for Aicel were not reported as discontinued operations under the guidance of ASC 205 “Presentation of Financial Statements."

Note 5. Leases

The Company has operating leases, principally for corporate offices under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2031. The non-cancellable base terms of these remaining leases typically range fromone tosix years. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not factored into the determination of lease payments if they are not reasonably certain to be exercised.

The following table details the composition of lease expense for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Operating lease cost$972$1,170$3,083$3,614
Variable lease cost5570169220
Short-term lease cost57750167
Total lease costs$1,032$1,317$3,302$4,001
Sublease income$(27)$(26)$(81)$(77)

Cash payments related to operating lease liabilities were$1,282 and$1,462 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and$3,964 and$4,442 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 6. Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets by major class:

September 30, 2025 · December 31, 2024 · Weighted Average
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountRemaining Useful Life (Years) September 30, 2025
Customer relationships$66,570$(34,690)$31,880$76,584$(34,867)$41,7177.2
Developed technology21,738(18,586)3,15229,015(23,662)5,3535.3
Databases29,145(14,551)14,59429,135(12,988)16,1477.1
Tradenames9,325(4,931)4,39410,808(5,100)5,7086.9
Expert network---2,654(1,715)939-
Patents871(245)626841(232)60917.1
Content library592(226)366592(183)4096.2
Total$128,241$(73,229)$55,012$149,629$(78,747)$70,882

Finite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost, net of amortization, generally using the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets, excluding developed technology, was $1,904 and$2,435 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and$6,169 and$7,540 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Amortization of developed technology was recorded as part of cost of revenues, including amortization in the amount of$153 and$531 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and$519 and$2,059 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The expected future amortization expense for intangible assets as of September 30, 2025 is as follows:

2025 (remainder)$2,061
20268,183
20278,178
20287,958
20297,688
Thereafter20,944
Total$55,012

Capitalized software development costs

Capitalized software development costs are as follows:

September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Capitalized software development costs$36,675$(24,071)$12,604$34,946$(19,847)$15,099

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company capitalized interest on capitalized software development costs in the amount of$326 and$393, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software development costs was recorded as part of cost of revenues, including amortization in the amount of$1,617 and$1,693 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and$6,562 and$5,100 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The estimated useful life is determined at the time each project is placed in service.

Note 7. Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but are rather tested for impairment at least annually as of October 1 of each year.

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, which are generally not deductible for tax purposes, are as follows:

Balance at December 31, 2024$159,061
Sale of Businesses(24,652)
Impact of foreign currency fluctuations954
Balance at September 30, 2025$135,363

On January 1, 2025, effective with the appointment of our new CEO, the Company reassessed its goodwill reporting units and determined that the Company now operates out of a single reporting unit. Accordingly, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment immediately prior to, and on, January 1, 2025, which resulted inno impairment of goodwill.

The fair value estimate of the Company's single reporting unit was derived based on an income approach. Under the income approach, the Company estimated the fair value of the single reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, which the Company considers to be a Level 3 unobservable input in the fair value hierarchy. The Company prepared cash flow projections based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration the historical performance and the current macroeconomic, industry, and market conditions. The Company based the discount rate on the weighted-average cost of capital considering Company-specific characteristics and the uncertainty related to the reporting unit's ability to execute on the projected cash flows.

Potential indicators of impairment include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or a significant decline in the Company's stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time. It is reasonably possible that one or more of these impairment indicators could occur or intensify in the near term, which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets or goodwill.

Note 8. Debt

The following presents the carrying value of the Company’s debt as of the respective period ends:

September 30, 2025 · December 31, 2024
2025 Senior Term Loan$74,531$-
2025 GPO Convertible Note19,223-
Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes11,7528,979
Convertible Debentures29,753-
Prior Senior Term Loan-88,595
GPO Convertible Note-36,524
Amended Legacy Notes-16,165
PPP loan-36
Total gross debt135,259150,299
Debt issuance costs and debt discount(3,755)(3,222)
Total131,504147,077
Less: Current maturities(6,344)(36)
Total Long-term debt$125,160$147,041

2025 Senior Term Loan / Prior Senior Term Loan

2025 Senior Term Loan

On August 5, 2025, the Company entered into a financing agreement (the "Financing Agreement"), by and among the Company, as parent guarantor, the Company's domestic subsidiaries party thereto as borrowers and guarantors, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and MGG Investment Group LP, as collateral agent and as administrative agent, pursuant to which the lenders agreed to advance $75,000 which matures on August 12, 2029 (the "2025 Senior Term Loan"). The 2025 Senior Term Loan ranks senior to all other debt and is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the Company's assets. Obligations under the 2025 Senior Term Loan bear interest at variable rates, set at the Company’s option, based on a reference rate plus 7%, or the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”) plus 8%. Interest is payable in cash monthly in arrears. The 2025 Senior Term Loan is repayable in consecutive quarterly installments on the last business day of each March, June, September and December of each fiscal year commencing September 30, 2025, in an amount equal to (i) $469 with respect to each payment due on September 30, 2025, December 31, 2025, March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2026 and (ii) $938 with respect to each payment due thereafter, with the remaining principal amount due at the maturity of the 2025 Senior Term Loan, or such earlier time as it may become payable. The Company must also pay aquarterly fee commencing on September 30, 2025, in an amount equal to (i) $138 due on September 30, 2025, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2026 and (ii) $38 with respect to each quarterly payment due thereafter.

The 2025 Senior Term Loan also contains four financial covenants: a minimum cash balance requirement, a minimum ARR requirement, a minimum adjusted EBITDA requirement, and a capital expenditure limitation.

The 2025 Senior Term Loan also includes covenants limiting the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, to, among other things, (i) incur indebtedness, (ii) incur liens on their assets, (iii) enter into any transaction of merger, consolidation or amalgamation, liquidate, wind up or dissolve, or dispose of all or substantially all of their property or business, (iv) dispose of any of their property, or, issue or sell any shares of a subsidiary’s stock, (v) make any payment or prepayment for any subordinated indebtedness, pay any earn-out payment, seller debt or deferred purchase price payments, or (vi) declare or pay any dividend or make any other distribution. The 2025 Senior Term Loan also contains certain events of default, including, among others, (i) failure to pay, (ii) breach of representations and warranties, (iii) breach of covenants, subject to any cure periods described therein, and (iv) failure to pay principal or interest on any other material debt.

On August 12, 2025 the Company closed on its 2025 Senior Term Loan and received net proceeds of $72,937 after original issue discount (“OID”) of $2,063, or 2.75%. The Company incurred $960 of lender fees and $962 of fees paid to third parties. OID and capitalized debt issuance costs totaled $3,985 and is treated as a debt discount and will be amortized over the term of the 2025 Senior Term Loan using the effective interest method. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $143, and is included within interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The remaining unamortized debt discount at September 30, 2025 is $3,841, and is reflected net within debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company has elected to pay cash interest based on SOFR, which was 12.23% at September 30, 2025. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized $1,248 of cash interest on the 2025 Senior Term Loan.

Upon maturity, the Company is required to pay in cash the greater of $500 or the fair market value of 60,416 Class A Common Stock of the Company (the “Exit Fee”). The Company will record non-cash interest expense over the life of the 2025 Senior Term Loan to accrete to the minimum Exit Fee due upon maturity. Accordingly, during the three months ended September 30, 2025 the Company recognized $18 of interest expense related to the Exit Fee. At September 30, 2025 $18 of the minimum Exit Fee has been accrued and is included within Other non-current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Because the Exit Fee is payable in certain redemption scenarios, the Company determined that pursuant to ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” certain of the embedded redemption features meet the definition of a derivative that must be accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The fair value of the embedded redemption feature at inception on August 12, 2025 was $90 andwas accounted for as a debt premium and will be amortized over the term of the 2025 Senior Term Loan using the effective interest method. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was$3, and is included within interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The remaining unamortized debt premium at September 30, 2025 is $87, and is reflected net within debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the embedded redemption features at September 30, 2025 was $238 and is included as a contra-liability in Other non-current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The $148 change in fair value of the embedded redemption features from August 12, 2025 to September 30, 2025 is included within Change in fair value of financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Prior Senior Term Loan

On July 29, 2022, concurrent with the closing of the Company's Business Combination, FiscalNote, Inc., a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of FiscalNote Holdings, Inc., entered into a senior credit agreement (the "Prior Senior Term Loan") as amended from time to time. The annual interest of the Prior Senior Term Loan consisted of two components: (a) a cash interest component of the greater of (i) Prime Rate plus 5.0% per annum or (ii)9.0% payable monthly, and (b) interest payable in kind component of 1.00% per annum, payable in kind monthly.

In connection with the completion of the sale of Oxford Analytica and Dragonfly on March 31, 2025, the Company also entered into Amendment No. 5 to the Prior Senior Term Loan, pursuant to which, among other things, the lenders consented to releasing the liens on Oxford Analytica and Dragonfly's assets and permitting the consummation of the sale in exchange for the permanent retirement of $27,136 of term loans under the Prior Senior Term Loan and payment of $1,793 of related prepayment and exit fees.

In connection with the completion of the sale of TimeBase on July 1, 2025, the Company also entered into Amendment No. 6 to the Prior Senior Term Loan, pursuant to which, among other things, the lenders consented to releasing TimeBase as a guarantor under the Prior Senior Term Loan, along with the liens granted on the equity and assets of TimeBase and permittingthe consummation of the sale in exchange for the permanent retirement of $2,978 of term loans under the Prior Senior Term Loan and payment of $197 of related prepayment and exit fees.

On August 12, 2025, with proceeds from the 2025 Senior Term Loan, the Company retired all of its then outstanding obligations under the Prior Senior Term Loan totaling $62,782 (including accrued and unpaid interest and deferred finance costs). The Company accounted for the retirement of its Prior Senior Term Loan as a debt extinguishment; accordingly, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $6,174 during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred $5,610 and $11,165 and $448 and $837 of cash interest and paid-in-kind interest, respectively, on the Prior Senior Term Loan. Paid-in-kind interest is reflected as a component of the carrying value of the Prior Senior Term Loan.

Amortization of debt issuance costs on the Prior Senior Term Loan is recorded within interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and totaled $424 and $675 for thethree months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $2,062 and $1,487 for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In conjunction with the establishment of the 2025 Term Loan and in order to fund the GPO Redemption (defined below), on August 5, 2025 (the “Purchase Agreement Date”), the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), with YA II PN, Ltd (“YA”), pursuant to which the Company would issue YA convertible debentures in an aggregate principal amount of up to$33,300 (the “Convertible Debentures”) for a total cash purchase price of$30,000, subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions.

On August 12, 2025, the initial tranche of Convertible Debentures comprising $21,000 in stated principal amount were issued to YA, in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, with the Company receiving net proceeds of$18,900 (the "First YA Debenture"). On September 11, 2025, the second and final, tranche of Convertible Debentures comprising$12,300 in stated principal amount were issued to YA, in accordance with the Purchase Agreement with the Company receiving net proceeds of $11,000 (the "Second YA Debenture").

The Company’s obligations under the Purchase Agreement and the Convertible Debentures are guaranteed by FiscalNote, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and are contractually subordinated to the Company’s obligations under its 2025 Senior Term Loan and the 2025 GPO Note. The First YA Debenture matures on February 12, 2027 and the Second YA Debenture matures on March 11, 2027 and both bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum or 18% per annum in the event of an event of default.

At any time prior to the maturity dates, and subject to certain ownership and conversion limitations, YA is entitled to convert any portion of the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures and accrued interest thereon into shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “Debenture Conversion Shares”) at a conversion price equal to 94% of the lowest daily volume weighted average trading price (“VWAP”) during the five trading days prior to the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.8884 (the “Floor Price”).

In the event (i) the daily VWAP is less than the Floor Price then in effect for any five trading days during a period of seven consecutive trading days, (ii) the Company has issued substantially all of shares of the Class A Common Stock available for issuance without violating applicable rules of the NYSE, or (iii) YA is unable to utilize a registration statement to resell Debenture Conversion Shares for a period of ten (10) consecutive trading days, then the Company will be required to make certain amortization payments to YA.

The Convertible Debentures provide for customary events of default, upon which repayment of the Convertible Debentures may be accelerated, including failure to pay any amounts due and owing under the Convertible Debentures, failure to timely deliver the Debenture Conversion Shares, an uncured breach of any terms of the Convertible Debentures and a default under certain of the Company’s other indebtedness.

On September 12, 2025 YA converted $1,803 of principal and accrued interest in exchange for 39,860 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock with a fair value of $2,186. The non-cash charge of $563 recognized upon this conversion was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September, 2025.

The Company elected to account for the First YA Debenture and Second YA Debenture using the fair value option. The fair market value at August 12, 2025 and September 30, 2025 was $29,970 and $29,753, respectively. The unrealized change in the fair value of the First YA Debenture and Second YA Debenture was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the amount of a charge of $1,403 for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The Company incurred total interest expense related to the First YA Debenture and Second YA Debenture of $170 for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

2025 GPO Convertible Note / Prior GPO Convertible Note

On June 30, 2023 the Company issued to GPO FN Noteholder LLC (the “GPO Investor”) a subordinated convertible promissory note in an initial principal amount of $46,794 (the “Prior GPO Convertible Note”). Pursuant to the terms of the Prior GPO Convertible Note, paid-in-kind interest accrued from the date of issuance through June 30, 2024. Beginning on July 1, 2024 the Company was required to pay interest with either cash or shares, solely at the discretion of the Company. Accordingly, since September 30, 2024 and through September 30, 2025, the Company issued the GPO Investor 346,059 Class A Common Shares, in the aggregate, in satisfaction of quarterly interest.

In conjunction with the establishment of the 2025 Senior Term Loan, on August 5, 2025, the Company entered into a redemption and exchange agreement with the GPO Investor. Pursuant to the redemption and exchange with the GPO Investor, on August 12, 2025, the Company redeemed $30,000 of the Prior GPO Convertible Note in exchange for a cash payment of $27,000 to the GPO Investor (the "GPO Redemption"). The Company also issued a new senior subordinated promissory note to the GPO Investor in the aggregate amount of $20,434 (the "2025 GPO Convertible Note") in exchange for, and the cancellation of, the remaining obligations under the existing Prior GPO Convertible Note.

The 2025 GPO Convertible Note is guaranteed by the Company’s domestic subsidiaries, which are parties to the 2025 Senior Term Loan, and is contractually subordinated to the Company’s obligations under the 2025 Senior Term Loan. The 2025 GPO Convertible Note matures on November 13, 2029 and bears interest at a rate of 7.50% per annum payable quarterly in arrears, in cash or, provided no event of default is then occurring under the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, freely tradeable shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s option, with the value per share determined with reference to the VWAP of the Class A Common Stock over the trading days occurring within the thirty calendar days prior to the applicable interest payment date. At any time prior to November 13, 2029, the GPO Investor is entitled to convert all or any portion of the principal amount of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note and accrued interest thereon into shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $82.92 per share (subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments). Under the terms of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, the Company is required to make quarterly installment payments of $2,000 of the outstanding principal beginning April 1, 2026 in the form of freely tradeable shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, cash, or a combination thereof, solely at the determination of the Company. Class A Common Stock issued to satisfy quarterly interest and principal repayments will be issued at a price equal to the lowest of (i) the then-effective Conversion Price under the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, (ii)95% of the VWAP of the Class A Common Stock over the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable Installment Date and (iii)95% of the VWAP of the Class A Common Stock over the trading days occurring within the ninety calendar day period immediately preceding the applicable payment date.

The 2025 GPO Convertible Note provides for customary events of default upon which repayment of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note may be accelerated, including failure to pay any amounts due and owing under the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, failure to deliver the shares upon a conversion of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note, an uncured breach of any terms of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note and a default under certain of the Company’s other indebtedness. The 2025 GPO Convertible Note includes certain negative covenants related to the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness.

The Company elected to account for the 2025 GPO Convertible Note using the fair value option. The fair market value at August 12, 2025 and September 30, 2025 was $18,865 and $19,223, respectively. The unrealized change in the fair value of the 2025 GPO Convertible Note was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the amount of a loss of $358 during the three months ended September 30, 2025. The Company incurred total interest expense related to the 2025 GPO Convertible Note of $209 for the three ended September 30, 2025.

The Company accounted for the redemption and exchange with the GPO Investor as a debt extinguishment. Accordingly, the Company recognized a gain of $422 (net of a $4,443 gain previously recognized in other comprehensive income), which is recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company elected to account for the Prior GPO Convertible Note using the fair value option. The fair market value at August 12, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $41,844 and $36,524, respectively. The unrealized change in the fair value of the Prior GPO Convertible Note was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the amount of a loss of $5,398 and $5,320 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The Company incurred total interest expense related to the Prior GPO Convertible Note of $452 and $967 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $2,354 and $2,826 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Convertible Notes

Purchased Original Notes

On March 17, 2025 and March 20, 2025, investors holding two convertible notes originally issued in 2020 and assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination, with a principal and accrued paid-in-kind interest balance of $5,769 (the "Purchased Original Notes"), sold their convertible notes to EGT 11 LLC (the "Exchange Investor"). In connection with the acquisition of the Purchased Original Notes by the Exchange Investor, the Company entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) on March 17, 2025, pursuant to which the Company cancelled the Purchased Original Notes and in exchange (i) issued a convertible note to the Exchange Investor, for $5,500 on March 17, 2025 and (ii) issued a second convertible note for $269 on March 20, 2025 (collectively, the "Third Era Convertible Note"). The acquisition of the Purchased Original Notes by the Exchange Investor and the Exchange Agreement resulted in the extinguishment of the Purchased Original Notes. Accordingly, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of$1,784 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The Company incurred total interest expense related to the Purchased Original Notes, including the amortization of the various discounts, of $209 during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $202 and $620 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Amended Legacy Notes

On March 25, 2025 (the "Amendment Date"), the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “Amendment”) with the holders (the "Legacy Investors") of two convertible notes originally issued in 2020 and assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination (the "Legacy Notes") with a principal and accrued paid-in-kind interest balance of $10,961 modifying certain provisions in favor of each of the Legacy Investors. The Legacy Notes were unsecured and earned payable in kind interest of 15% per annum, payable annually in arrears. The Maturity Date of the Legacy Notes was July 31, 2025 (the “Original Maturity Date”), however, the Amendment extended the Original Maturity Date to April 15, 2026 (the "Extended Maturity Date"). The repayment of the Legacy Notes may be accelerated upon certain events of default, as defined with the Legacy Notes.

Pursuant to the terms of the amended Legacy Notes, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company converted $8,136 of the Legacy Notes into 1,049,421 Class A Common Shares.

The Company incurred total interest expense related to the amended Legacy Notes, including the amortization of the various discounts, of $251 and $421 during thethree months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $1,153 and $1,209 during thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On July 30, 2025, the Company and the holders of the Amended Legacy Notes agreed to extend the original maturity date to August 15, 2025. On August 12, 2025, the Company retired all of its then outstanding obligations under the Amended Legacy Notes by paying the holders $3,600 in cash. No extinguishment gain or loss was recognized.

Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes

In connection with the Company's acquisition of Dragonfly, the Company financed part of the purchase with the issuance of convertible notes. The Dragonfly Convertible Notes were issued in a principal amount of £8,929 pounds sterling (approximately $11,050 on January 23, 2023, the closing date of the acquisition of Dragonfly by the Company), with interest at an annual rate of 8%, which can be paid in cash or paid-in-kind. The paid-in-kind interest will be annually credited to the principal amount. All principal and accrued interest are due upon maturity on January 27, 2028. The Company can convert any portion of the principal and accrued interest at the volume weighted-average price for the five consecutive trading day period ending on the last trading day of the calendar month preceding the date the Company provides notice of conversion to the Sellers. The lender has the right to convert the outstanding principal and accrued interest for FiscalNote common stock at $120.00 per share, subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to common stock.

In January 2025 one of the noteholders voluntarily elected to convert £547 pounds sterling (approximately $702) pursuant to the lender conversion right of $10.00 per share; accordingly, the Company issued the holder 5,613 shares of the Company's Class A common stock with a fair value of $67. The non-cash gain of $635 recognized upon this conversion was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Company elected to account for the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes using the fair value option. The fair market value at September 30, 2025 and at December 31, 2024 was $11,752 and $8,979, respectively. The cumulative unrealized change in the fair value of the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Note of$151 is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2025. The non-cash loss of $707 and $770 was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The non-cash lossof $743 and $339 was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss)for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company incurred total interest expense related to the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes of $258 and $259 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $786 and $747 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Era Convertible Notes

First Era Convertible Note

In connection with the Company’s strategic commercial partnership, the Company issued a convertible note to EGT-East, LLC ("Era"), a third-party lender, for $5,500 on December 8, 2023 and a second convertible note for $801 on January 5, 2024 (collectively, the "First Era

Convertible Note"). The First Era Convertible Note was issued in aggregate principal amount of $6,301, with cash interest at a rate equal to the applicable federal rate published by the Internal Revenue Service beginning on June 8, 2024. All principal and unpaid interest were to mature on December 8, 2027.

Pursuant to the copilot agreement (the "Co-Pilot Agreement") entered into by and among the Company, FiscalNote Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, and Era on December 8, 2023, the Company agreed to issue Era up to an additional $3,150 in the form of shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock no later than June 2024 (the "First Era Convertible Note Partnership Shares").

On April 11, 2024, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with Era modifying certain provisions of the First Era Convertible Note and the Co-Pilot Agreement. The Letter Agreement permitted and required the Company to convert approximately $1,599 in aggregate principal amount of the First Era Convertible Note (the “Early Converted Note”). Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, the Company was also required to issue to Era the First Era Convertible Note Partnership Shares. Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, Era had the right to convert the aggregate principal amount of the remaining First Era Convertible Note, but only on or after June 30, 2024, if such conversion right was not cancelled by the terms of the Letter Agreement. On April 11, 2024 and pursuant to the Letter Agreement, the Company issued Era 250,272 shares of Common Stock.

On June 12, 2024 and June 25, 2024 the Company issued the Investor an aggregate amount of 320,735 shares of Common Stock to satisfy its remaining obligations with regards to the First Era Convertible Note and Co-Pilot Agreement. Accordingly, the Company has no obligations outstanding related to the First Era Convertible Note at December 31, 2024 or September 30, 2025.

The Company elected to account for the First Era Convertible Note using the fair value option. The First Era Convertible Note dated December 8, 2023 was recorded at its acquisition date fair value of $5,500. The First Era Convertible Note dated January 5, 2024 was recorded at its acquisition date fair value of $801. The fair market value of the Era Convertible Note dated December 8, 2023 was $5,977 at December 31, 2023. The non-cash loss of $1,506 and $3,189 was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Second Era Convertible Note

The Company issued a senior subordinated convertible note to an affiliate of Era ("Era II"), for $5,500 on November 12, 2024 (the "Second Era Convertible Note"). The Second Era Convertible Note had a maturity date of November 12, 2027 and a cash interest rate equal to the applicable federal rate published by the Internal Revenue Service beginning on May 12, 2025. The Company issued 212,427 shares of common stock to Era II (the "Second Era Convertible Note Success Fee Shares") as a success fee and 54,166 shares of common stock to Northland Securities, Inc. to cover brokerage fees incurred by Era II in connection with its liquidating (i) any shares of common stock underlying the Second Era Convertible Note and the Second Era Convertible Note Success Fee Shares and (ii) the shares of common stock underlying the First Era Convertible Note as well as shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Co-Pilot Agreement.

On December 18, 2024 and December 27, 2024 the Company converted all of the outstanding principal of the Second Era Convertible Note and issued Era II, in aggregate,448,106 shares of common stock. Accordingly, the Company hadno obligations outstanding related to the Second Era Convertible Note at December 31, 2024 or September 30, 2025.

The Company elected to account for the Second Era Convertible Note using the fair value option. The Second Era Convertible Note was recorded at its acquisition date fair value of $5,500. The non-cash loss of $2,973 was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the fourth quarter of 2024. In January 2025, Era II returned 89,288 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Second Era Convertible Note.

Third Era Convertible Note

The Third Era Convertible Note was issued in an aggregate principal amount of $5,769, with cash interest accruing at a rate equal to the applicable federal rate published by the Internal Revenue Service beginning on September 17, 2025. All principal and unpaid interest mature on March 17, 2028. The Company received no cash from the Third Era Convertible Note because they were exchanged for the Purchased Original Notes.

The Third Era Convertible Notes are contractually subordinated to the Company’s obligations under its senior secured indebtedness, and accordingly the Company’s right to make certain cash payments in connection therewith is limited by the terms of such subordination agreement. Beginning on the six-month anniversary of the issuance of the applicable Third Era Convertible Note, the Exchange Investor may convert such Third Era Convertible Notes into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company's Class A Common Stock, based on the volume weighted average market price of the Class A Common Stock for the 30 consecutive trading day period prior to the date of conversion (the "Conversion Price"). In addition, subject to certain limitations, the Company may elect to convert the Third Era Convertible Notes into Conversion Shares at the Conversion Price. The Exchange Notes provide for customary events of default, upon which repayment of the Exchange Notes may be accelerated.

Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the Company issued 216,337 shares of Common Stock (the “Third Era Convertible Note Fee Shares") to the Exchange Investor as an inducement for the Exchange Investor to exchange the Purchased Original Notes for the Third Era Convertible Note. The Third Era Convertible Note Fee Shares were presented as temporary equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at their grant date fair value of $2,719.

As compensation for its brokerage services provided to the Exchange Investor, the Company also issued 25,000 shares of Common Stock to Northland Securities, Inc. (the “Brokerage Fee Shares”) with a fair value of $315 that was reflected as a non-cash charge within general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during thenine months ended September 30, 2025.

On August 12, 2025, the Company retired all of its then outstanding obligations under the Third Era Convertible Note by paying the holders$8,176 in cash. As a result of the extinguishment, the Company recognized a gain of $634 that was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

PPP Loan

As of September 30, 2025, the Company hasno remaining obligations under the PPP Loan balance.

Total Debt

The following table summarizes the total estimated fair value of the Company's debt as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These fair values are deemed Level 3 liabilities within the fair value measurement framework.

September 30, 2025 · December 31, 2024
2025 Senior Term Loan$73,373$-
2025 GPO Convertible Note19,223-
Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes11,7728,979
Convertible Debentures19,835-
Prior Senior Term Loan-90,679
GPO Convertible Note-36,524
Amended Legacy Notes-15,728
Total$124,203$151,910

Note 9. Stockholders’ Equity and Temporary Equity

Authorized Capital Stock

The Company’s charter authorizes the issuance of 1,809,000,000 shares, which includes Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and preferred stock.

Class A Common Stock

Subsequent to the Closing of the Business Combination, the Company's Class A common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “NOTE” and “NOTE.WS,” respectively. Pursuant to the Company’s charter, the Company is authorized to issue 1,700,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 14,011,577 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding.

Additionally, the Company has outstanding warrants to purchase shares of New FiscalNote Class A common stock that became exercisable upon the Closing of the Business Combination. Refer to Note 11, "Warrant Liabilities."

Class B Common Stock

Pursuant to the Company’s charter, the Company is authorized to issue 9,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

In connection with the Closing of the Business Combination, the Co-Founders, or entities controlled by the Co-Founders, received Class B shares of New FiscalNote common stock as consideration (see further details in Note 2, "Business Combination with DSAC").

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 690,909 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.

Preferred Stock

Pursuant to the Company’s charter, the Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Our board of directors has the authority without action by the stockholders, to designate and issue shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series, and the number of shares constituting any such class or series, and to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and relative rights of each class or series of preferred stock, including, without limitation, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, which rights may be greater than the rights of the holders of the common stock. No preferred stock has been issued to date.

Dividends

The Company's Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends if and when any dividend is declared by the Company's board of directors, subject to the rights of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights to dividends. The Company has not paid any cash dividends on common stock to date. The Company may retain future earnings, if any, for the further development and expansion of the Company's business and have no current plans to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of the Company's board of directors and will depend on, among other things, the Company's financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such other factors as the Company's board of directors may deem relevant.

Temporary Equity

As discussed in Note 8, Debt, the Company issued 216,337 shares of common stock to the Exchange Investor as an inducement for the Exchange Investor to exchange the Purchased Original Notes for the Third Era Convertible Note. Pursuant to ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”, at the time of issuance, the Company presented the Third Era Convertible Note Fee Shares as temporary equity as they were not mandatorily redeemable on the issuance date but were redeemable at an unknown time in the future upon an event that would have been outside of the control of the Company. In the third quarter of 2025, the Exchange Investor returned, and the Company subsequently cancelled,182,580 shares of Class A Common Stock.

Note 10. Earnout Shares and RSUs

The shareholders and other equity holders of Old FiscalNote as described below are entitled to receive up to 1,599,590 additional shares of Class A Common Stock of New FiscalNote (the “Earnout Awards”) in the form of Earnout Shares or as shares reserved for issuances upon settlement of Earnout RSUs, as described below. The Earnout Awards are split into five tranches each consisting of 319,918 shares of Class A Common Stock in New FiscalNote. Certain Old FiscalNote equity holders will receive Earnout Restricted Stock Units (the “Earnout RSUs”), which are settled in Class A Common Stock. The right to receive Earnout Awards will expire on July 29, 2027 (the “Earnout Period”). Each tranche of the Earnout Awards will be issued only when the dollar volume-weighted average price of one share of New FiscalNote Class A common stock is greater than or equal to $126.00, $150.00, $180.00, $240.00, or $300.00, respectively, for any 10 trading days within any period of 20 consecutive trading days during the Earnout Period (collectively, the “Triggering Events”).

A portion of the Earnout Shares that may be issued to Old FiscalNote common stockholders, Old FiscalNote vested option holders and Old FiscalNote warrant holders and all of the Earnout RSUs were determined to represent additional compensation for accounting purposes pursuant to ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. The Company recognizes stock-compensation expense based on the fair value of the Earnout Awards over the requisite service period for each tranche. The Company recognized $43 and $108 of share-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The Company recognized $106 and $278 of share-based compensation expense during thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The remaining Earnout Shares were determined to represent an equity transaction in conjunction with the reverse recapitalization and were evaluated pursuant to ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. These remaining Earnout Shares are accounted for as a liability as the arrangement is indexed to something other than the Company’s stock. The liability is revalued at each reporting period with changes being recorded as a non-operating gain or loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The liabilityof $68 was recorded in other non-current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheetsas of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, there wasno unrecognized compensation expense related to the Earnout Awards. As of September 30, 2025, no Earnout Shares and no Earnout RSUs have been issued asno Triggering Events have occurred.

Note 11. Warrant Liabilities

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, and pursuant to the terms of the applicable warrant agreement, at September 30, 2025 the Company has 8,358,964 public warrants outstanding to purchase a total of 1,094,625 shares of Class A common stock and 7,000,000 private placement warrants outstanding to purchase a total of 916,666 shares of Class A common stock, with each whole warrant being exercisable to purchase 0.130952 shares of Class A common stock at an effective price per share of $87.82 per whole share.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, no public warrants were exercised into shares of Class A common stock. No private placement warrants have been exercised to date. The public and private warrants are accounted for as a liability and have an aggregate fair value of $1,015 at September 30, 2025.

Note 12. Stock-Based Compensation

2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan

In connection with the Business Combination, the Company's board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) under which 1,690,466 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance. Effective December 31, 2024, the 2022 Plan was amended to (i) effectuate a one-time increase of 333,333 shares authorized for issuance under the 2022 Plan and (ii) revise the “evergreen” provision of the 2022 Plan such that the number of shares of Class A common stock that are automatically added to the 2022 Plan on January 1st of each year will be increased up to the lesser of (a) five percent (5%) of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or (b)1,126,977 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “2022 Plan Amendment”). The 2022 Plan Amendment allows for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. The number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan increases on the first day of each calendar year, continuing through and including January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (a)1,126,977, (b) three percent (3%) prior to the 2022 Plan Amendment and five percent (5%) after the 2022 Plan Amendment, in each case, the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (c) a lesser number determined by the Company’s board of directors prior to January 1 of a given year. In accordance with this provision, on each of January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2024, the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2022 Plan increased by 304,199 and 928,309, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 677,848 rest ricted stock units. At September 30, 2025,802,120 stock options,999,138 restricted stock units, and 226,620 performance based restricted stock units remain outstanding. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 361,799 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.

The Company recognized$3,599 and $3,853 of stock-based compensation expense for all long term incentive plans in effect during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and$10,648 and$13,092 during thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized an expense of $138 and $238 of stock-based compensation expense related to acquisition earnouts during thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In connection with the Business Combination, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) whereby eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 15% of their regular base salary to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of commencement of the offering period or on the last day of the six-month offering period. The plan is defined as compensatory, and accordingly, a stock-based compensation charge of $28 and $46 was recorded as the difference between the fair market value and the discounted purchase price of the Company's common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $115 and $239 for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase on January 1st each year, starting on January 1, 2023 and continuing through and including January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (a)272,313, (b) one percent (1%) of the total number of shares of all classes of Common Stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding fiscal year, or (c) a lesser number determined by the Board prior to January 1 of a given year. Pursuant to this provision, on each of January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025, the number of shares authorized for issuance under the ESPP increased by 108,308 and 125,904, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025,37,231 shares have been issued under the ESPP and the Company had 664,343 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the ESPP.

2024 Inducement Plan Grants

The Company's board of directors adopted the 2024 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The plan allows for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. Under the Plan,41,666 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance.

During 2024, the Company issued 16,666 stock options and 25,000 restricted stock units. At September 30, 2025,16,666 stock options and 15,285 restricted stock units remain outstanding. The Company recognized$35 and $38 of stock-based compensation expense for this plan in effect during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $104 and $38 for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Withholding Taxes on Equity Awards

In connection with the settlement of equity awards, the Company records a non-cash liability and corresponding APIC adjustment for the withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation and option exercises until such time as those taxes have been remitted to the respective taxing authorities.

Note 13. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company has two classes of common stock authorized: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled toone vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled totwenty-five votes per share. The Company allocates undistributed earnings attributable to common stock between the common stock classes on a one‑to‑one basis when computing net loss per share. As a result, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are equivalent.

Earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis. The Company's net (loss) income used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share. Diluted (loss) earnings per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities.

The following is a calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the Company's common stock, including a reconciliation between net income attributable to common stockholders used for Basic EPS and Diluted EPS for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(in thousands, except share and per share data)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Basic Earnings Per Share
Numerator:
Net (loss) income used to compute basic and diluted EPS$(24,855)$(14,935)$(42,376)$22,900
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted14,376,80211,254,17413,259,12411,263,344
Earnings Per Share, basic and diluted$(1.73)$(1.33)$(3.20)$2.03

Since the Company was in a net loss position during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted loss per share:2025202420252024
Earnout Awards1,599,5911,599,5911,599,5911,599,591
Restricted stock units1,241,043884,6071,241,043884,607
2025 GPO Convertible Note/GPO Convertible Note246,430500,930246,430500,930
Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes112,57795,586112,57795,586
Convertible Debentures7,391,618-7,391,618-
Stock options-14,207-14,207
Total anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted loss per share10,591,2593,094,92110,591,2593,094,921

Note 14. Provision (Benefit) from Income Taxes

Effective Tax Rate

The Company computes its quarterly and year-to-date provisions for income taxes by applying the estimated effective tax rates to the quarterly and year-to-date pre-tax income or losses and adjusting the provisions for discrete tax items recorded in the periods. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 the Company reported a tax benefit of$237 on a pre-tax loss of$25,092, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (0.94) percent. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company reported a tax benefit of$1,071 on a pre-tax loss of$43,447, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (2.47) percent. The Company’s effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21 percent primarily due to the impact of a valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets and the sale of businesses discussed in Note 4, Dispositions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit for the impact of the sale of Dragonfly and Oxford Analytica of $281. During the second quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company filed a tax accounting method change that created an additional discrete tax benefit of $689.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reported a tax provision of$621 on a pre-tax loss of$15,556, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (3.99) percent. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reported a tax provision of$1,129 on a pre-tax income of$24,029, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (4.70) percent. The Company’s effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21 percent primarily due to the impact of a valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets. During thenine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a discrete tax charge for the impact of the sale of Board.org of $2,578.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits and Other Considerations

The Company records liabilities related to its uncertain tax positions. Tax positions for the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. The Company believes that it has provided adequate reserves for its income tax uncertainties in all open tax years. As the outcome of the tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty, if any issues arising in the Company's tax audits progress in a manner inconsistent with management's expectations, the Company could adjust its provision for income taxes in the future. As of September 30, 2025, the Company reported an uncertain tax position totaling $832 relating to a deduction for shares distributed for services associated with the payment of convertible debt. As of September 30, 2024, the Company reported an uncertain tax position totaling $639 relating to a state tax filing position.

Tax law changes

On July 4, 2025, U.S. legislation formally titled "An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14” (“The Act”) was signed into law. The Act, among other things, extended key provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and introduced targeted changes to the U.S. federal income tax regime. The Company has recorded an income tax benefit of $46 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as a result of The Act.

Note 15. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards utilize a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels, which are described below:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or

liability

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents (including investments with an original maturity ofthree months or less at the date of purchase), restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accruals readily convertible into cash approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments.

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3 · Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents$6,552$-$-$6,552
Short-term investments-4,511-4,511
Liabilities:
Public warrants$553$-$-$553
Private placement warrants-462-462
2025 GPO Note--19,22319,223
Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes--11,75211,752
Convertible Debentures--29,75329,753

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3 · Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents$4,836$-$-$4,836
Short-term investments-5,796-5,796
Liabilities:
Public warrants$1,338$-$-$1,338
Private placement warrants-1,120-1,120
Prior GPO Convertible Note--36,52436,524
Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes--8,9798,979

The following table summarizes changes in fair value of the Company’s level 3 liabilities during the periods presented:

GPO Convertible Note · Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes · Era Convertible Note · 2025 GPO Note · Convertible Debentures
Balance at December 31, 2024$36,524$8,979$-$-$-
Fair value at issuance date--4,72818,86529,970
Change in fair value included in the determination of net (income) loss5,3207704813581,403
Change in fair value included in accumulated other comprehensive income-1,113---
Paid in kind interest1,902802---
Note and interest conversion(1,902)(702)--(1,620)
Note extinguishment(41,844)----
Note settlement--(5,209)--
Foreign exchange-790---
Balance at September 30, 2025$-$11,752$-$19,223$29,753

Short-Term Investments

The fair value of the short-term investments is based on the quoted market price of the securities on the valuation date. As of September 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of the short-term investments was $4,511. The Company recognized non-cash gain of $4 and a non-cash loss of $15 and a non-cash loss of $67 and $94 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, resulting from the change in fair value of the short-term investments. The change in fair value is recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Public Warrants

The fair value of the public warrants is based on the quoted market price of such warrants on the valuation date. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the public warrants was $553 and $1,338, respectively. The Company recognized a non-cash gain of $276 and a non-cash gain of $251 during thethree months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and a non-cash gain of $785 and $1,337 during thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 resulting from the change in fair value of the public warrants, respectively. The change in fair value is recorded in change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Private Placement Warrants

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the private warrants was$462 and $1,120, respectively. The Company recognized a non-cash gain of $231 and a non-cash gain of $210 during thethree months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and a non-cash gain of $658 and $1,120 during thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, resulting from the change in fair value of the private warrants. The change in fair value is recorded in change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

2025 GPO Note / Prior GPO Convertible Note

The Prior GPO Convertible Note was recognized as a liability on June 30, 2023 issuance date at its estimated fair value of $36,583. The estimated fair value of the Prior GPO Convertible Note was determined based on a trinomial lattice model. On August 12, 2025, the Company extinguished $30,000 of the Prior GPO Convertible Note with a $27,000 cash payment and issued the 2025 GPO Note. The 2025 GPO Note was recognized as a liability at its estimated fair value of $18,865 at its issuance date of August 12, 2025. The non-cash loss of $358 for the 2025 GPO Note was recorded in the change of in the fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The following table presents the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the 2025 GPO Note and the Prior GPO Convertible Note at September 30, 2025 and at December 31, 2024:

2025 GPO Note2025 GPO NotePrior GPO Convertible NotePrior GPO Convertible Note
September 30, 2025August 12, 2025August 12, 2025December 31, 2024
Common stock share price$4.63$6.67$6.67$12.84
Risk free rate3.7%3.8%3.7%4.3%
Yield14.9%15.5%15.1%18.0%
Expected volatility50.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%
Expected term (years)4.14.32.93.5

Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes

The Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes were recognized as a liability in connection with the acquisition on January 27, 2023 at a fair value of $8,635. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes were $11,752 and $8,979, respectively. The unrealized change in the fair value of the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Note of $1,113 and thenon-cash loss of $707 and$770 (excluding the non-cash gain recognized from the January 2025 conversion) was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The unrealized change in the fair value of the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Note of$1,264 is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the non-cash loss of $743 and $339 was recorded in the change in fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The following table presents the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Dragonfly Seller Convertible Notes at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Common stock share price$4.63$12.84
Risk free rate3.6%4.3%
Yield15.4%19.5%
Expected volatility50.0%50.0%
Expected term (years)2.33.1

The initial tranche of the Convertible Debentures were recognized as a liability on the August 12, 2025 issuance date at its estimated fair value of $18,900 using a Monte Carlo simulation. The second tranche of the Convertible Debentures were recognized as a liability on September 11, 2025 at its estimated fair value of $11,000. The non-cash loss of$1,403 wasrecorded in the change of in the fair value of financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The following table presents the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Convertible Debentures at September 30, 2025, September 11, 2025 and August 12, 2025:

September 30, 2025September 11, 2025August 12, 2025
Common stock share price$4.63$5.10$6.67
Risk free rate3.65% and 3.64%(a)3.6%3.8%
Yield95.0%96.0%98.0%
Expected volatility97.0%99.0%101.0%
Expected term (years)1.4 and 1.5 (a)1.51.5

(a) -Includes both the First and Second YA Debenture

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when an impairment has occurred. The Company has not identified any impairments to be recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

There wereno transfers of assets or liabilities between levels during thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time the Company is a party to various disputes, claims, lawsuits and other regulatory and legal matters, including both asserted and unasserted legal claims, in the ordinary course of business. The status of each such matter, referred to herein as a loss contingency, is reviewed and assessed in accordance with applicable accounting rules regarding the nature of the matter, the likelihood that a loss will be incurred, and the amounts involved.

Legal fees are recognized as incurred when the legal services are provided, and therefore are not recognized as part of the loss contingency.

Note 17. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 10, 2025, the date that the financial statements were available to be issued.

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