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ASPEN AEROGELS INC

For the period ended Jun 30, 2025. Filed Aug 7, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2025 · Filed Aug 7, 2025

ASPN$4.91-4.8%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-03-31; filed 2025-05-08.

0000950170-25-066992

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-06-30; filed 2025-08-07.

0001193125-25-175489

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 140 previous paragraphs and 155 current paragraphs.

85 unchanged; 33 reworded; 24 added; 18 removed; 4 previous and 13 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 10 previous and 18 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (24)

Current report

Total revenue decreased $39.7 million, or 34%, to $78.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $117.7 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total revenue was the result of decreases in thermal barrier revenue and energy industrial revenue.

Current report

Energy industrial cost of revenue decreased $7.0 million, or 33%, to $14.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $21.5 million in the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in the volume of products shipped. The $7.0 million decrease was the result of a $5.8 million decrease in material costs and a $1.2 million decrease in manufacturing and other operating costs.

Current report

Thermal barrier cost of revenue decreased $6.5 million, or 15%, to $38.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $44.7 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $6.5 million decrease was the result of a $17.0 million decrease in material costs, offset by a $6.3 million increase in manufacturing costs and a $4.2 million credit during the three months ended, June 30, 2024 for reimbursement of costs related to the impact from an engineering change, which did not repeat. Material costs decreased primarily due to lower volume and operational efficiencies generating lower scrap. Manufacturing costs increased due to unabsorbed overheads from the temporary partial shutdown of manufacturing lines to manage lower volumes.

Current report

Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenue was 5% of total revenue for each of the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Current report

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.6 million, or 27%, to $6.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $9.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $2.6 million decrease reflects decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $1.9 million and $0.7 million in operating supplies and equipment.

Current report

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 9% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 8% in the comparable period in 2024.

Current report

General and administrative expenses decreased by $3.7 million, or 21%, to $13.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $17.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $3.7 million decrease was the result of decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $1.9 million, foreign currency transaction losses of $1.2 million, professional fees of $0.9 million, and insurance costs of $0.3 million, partially offset by an increase in utilities expenditures of $0.6 million.

Current report

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 18% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 15% in the comparable period in 2024.

Current report

Impairment of property, plant and equipment costs increased $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024, due to impairment incurred on research and development equipment. We did not incur impairment of property, plant and equipment costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report

Six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024

Current report

Total revenue decreased $55.5 million, or 26%, to $156.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $212.2 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total revenue was the result of decreases in thermal barrier revenue and energy industrial revenue.

Current report

Energy industrial revenue decreased by $13.4 million, or 20%, to $52.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $66.0 million in the comparable period in 2024. This decrease was driven by a decrease in revenue from the global petrochemical and refinery markets of North America, Europe, and Latin America, and in project-based demand in the subsea market, offset in part by an increase in revenue from the global petrochemical and refinery market of Asia.

Current report

Total cost of revenue decreased $16.9 million, or 13%, to $108.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $125.5 in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total cost of revenue was the result of a decrease in thermal barrier cost of revenue and energy industrial cost of revenue.

Current report

Thermal barrier cost of revenue decreased $10.5 million, or 12%, to $76.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $86.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $10.5 million decrease was the result of a $12.4 million decrease in material costs and a $2.6 million charge for engineering change during the six months ended June 30, 2024, which did not repeat, offset by a $4.5 million increase in manufacturing costs. Material costs decreased primarily due to lower volume and operational efficiencies generating lower scrap. Manufacturing costs increased due to unabsorbed overheads from the temporary partial shutdown of manufacturing lines to manage lower volumes.

Current report

Gross profit decreased by $38.6 million, or 45%, to $48.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $86.7 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in gross profit was the result of the $55.5 million decrease in total revenue, partially offset by the $16.9 million decrease in total cost of revenue.

Current report

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.9 million, or 10%, to $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $9.0 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $0.9 million decrease reflects decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $1.2 million, operating supplies and equipment of $0.1 million and professional fees of $0.1 million, partially offset by an increase in utilities expenditures of $0.5 million.

Current report

Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 5% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 4% in the comparable period in 2024.

Current report

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.5 million, or 14%, to $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $17.8 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $2.5 million decrease reflects decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $1.8 million, operating supplies and equipment of $0.6 million, and marketing expenditures of $0.2 million, partially offset by an increase in other expenses of $0.1 million.

Current report

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 10% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from 8% in the comparable period in 2024.

Current report

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue was 17% for each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Removed paragraphs (18)

Previous report

Total revenue decreased $15.8 million, or 17%, to $78.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $94.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total revenue was the result of a decrease in thermal barrier revenue, offset by an increase in energy industrial revenue.

Previous report

Thermal barrier cost of revenue decreased $4.1 million, or 10%, to $37.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $41.8 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $4.1 million decrease was the result of a $6.0 million decrease in material costs offset by a $1.9 million increase in manufacturing costs.

Previous report

Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 6% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 5% in the comparable period in 2024.

Previous report

Sales and marketing expenses increased by less than $0.1 million, or 1%, to $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $8.3 million in the comparable period in 2024.

Previous report

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenue increased to 11% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 9% in the comparable period in 2024.

Previous report

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue decreased to 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 18% in the comparable period in 2024.
Reworded paragraphs (33)

Previous wording

We are actively developing a number of promising aerogel products and technologies for the EV market. We have developed and are commercializing our proprietary line of PyroThin aerogel thermal barriers for use in battery packs in EVs. Our PyroThin product is an ultra-thin, lightweight and flexible thermal barrier designed with other functional layers to impede the propagation of thermal runaway across multiple lithium-ion battery system architectures. Our thermal barrier technology is designed to offer a unique combination of thermal management, mechanical performance and fire protection properties. These properties enable EV manufacturers to achieve critical battery performance and safety goals by impeding the propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery systems at the battery cell, module and pack levels across multiple lithium-ion battery system architectures. Our ultra-thin, lightweight and flexible thermal barriers are designed to allow battery manufacturers to achieve critical safety goals without sacrificing energy density. In addition, we are seeking to leverage our patented carbon aerogel technology to develop industry-leading battery materials for use in lithium-ion battery cells. Our carbon aerogel initiative seeks to increase the performance of lithium-ion battery cells to enable EV manufacturers to reduce charging time and the cost of EVs. The commercial potential for our PyroThin thermal barriers and our carbon aerogel battery materials in the EV market is significant.

Current wording

We are actively developing a number of promising aerogel products and technologies for the EV market. We have developed and are commercializing our proprietary line of PyroThin aerogel thermal barriers for use in battery packs in EVs. Our PyroThin product is an ultra-thin, lightweight and flexible thermal barrier designed with other functional layers to impede the propagation of thermal runaway across multiple lithium-ion battery system architectures. Our thermal barrier technology is designed to offer a unique combination of thermal management, mechanical performance and fire protection properties. These properties enable EV manufacturers to achieve critical battery performance and safety goals by impeding the propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery systems at the battery cell, module and pack levels across multiple lithium-ion battery system architectures. Our ultra-thin, lightweight and flexible thermal barriers are designed to allow battery manufacturers to achieve critical safety goals without sacrificing energy density. The commercial potential for our PyroThin thermal barriers in the EV market is significant.

Previous wording

Toyota, Scania, Automotive Cells Company, which is a battery cell joint venture between Stellantis N.V, Saft-TotalEnergies and Mercedes-Benz, Audi, a luxury brand of the Volkswagen Group, Volvo Truck, and a large EU battery manufacturer to supply a next generation vehicle platform of a major EU luxury sports car brand. We are currently supplying thermal barrier production parts to both General Motors and Toyota, and thermal barrier prototype parts to a number of global manufacturers of EVs, grid storage and home battery systems. During fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, we sold $306.8 million, $110.1 million and $55.6 million, respectively, of our PyroThin thermal barriers.

Current wording

We have entered into multi-year production contracts with a number of automotive EV OEM customers to supply fabricated, multi-part thermal barriers for use in the battery systems of their EV models. These customers include General Motors LLC (GM), Toyota, Scania, Automotive Cells Company, which is a battery cell joint venture between Stellantis N.V, Saft-TotalEnergies and Mercedes-Benz, Audi, a luxury brand of the Volkswagen Group, Volvo Truck, and a large EU battery manufacturer to supply a next generation vehicle platform of a major EU luxury sports car brand. We are currently supplying thermal barrier production parts to both

Previous wording

We manufacture our products using our proprietary technology at our facility in East Providence, Rhode Island. We have operated the East Providence facility since 2008 and have increased our capacity in phases. During 2024, we converted our East Providence facility to support the growth of the thermal barrier program. To meet expected demand for our aerogel products, we plan to make additional productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility and utilize a flexible supply strategy, including but not limited to use of our external manufacturing capabilities in China, which currently support our Energy Industrial segment and are capable of delivering increased aerogel production capacity. We expect that the productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility as well as the supply from our external manufacturing facility will permit us to achieve our target revenue capacity in 2025. Pursuant to our supply contract with this contract manufacturer, they are obligated to deliver products to us as we issue purchase orders on an as-needed basis through the term of the contract. The contract automatically renews year-to-year unless either party notifies the other of its intention not to renew the contract. While we have agreed to purchase our requirement for certain Energy Industrial products from the contract manufacturer, we have no obligation to purchase any minimum quantity under the contract and we may terminate the contract at any time and for any or no reason. Additionally, we have entered into a contract with Prodensa to establish OPE Manufacturer Mexico S de RL de CV, which assembles thermal barrier PyroThin products and operates an automated fabrication facility for PyroThin. Pursuant to such contract, we pay Prodensa a management fee and have an option to purchase OPE from Prodensa after a period of 18 months. As of March 31, 2025, we have notified Prodensa of our intent to purchase OPE. We expect to meet our long-term Thermal Barrier program demand by maximizing capacity at our East Providence facility and utilizing a flexible supply strategy, including, but not limited to, using our external manufacturing capabilities, which currently support our Energy Industrial segment and are capable of delivering increased aerogel production capacity. Accordingly, we have ceased construction at the previously planned Statesboro Plant. We will be demobilizing the plant and are in the process of assessing options to derive value from the assets, including potentially relocating certain equipment to improve and expand our existing manufacturing facility in East Providence.

Current wording

We manufacture our products using our proprietary technology at our facility in East Providence, Rhode Island. We have operated the East Providence facility since 2008 and have increased our capacity in phases. During 2024, we converted our East Providence facility to support the growth of the thermal barrier program. To meet expected demand for our aerogel products, we plan to make additional productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility and utilize a flexible supply strategy, including but not limited to use of our external manufacturing capabilities in China, which currently support our Energy Industrial segment and are capable of delivering increased aerogel production capacity. We expect that the productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility as well as the supply from our external manufacturing facility will permit us to achieve our target revenue capacity in 2025. Pursuant to our supply contract with this contract manufacturer, they are obligated to deliver products to us as we issue purchase orders on an as-needed basis through the term of the contract. The contract automatically renews year-to-year unless either party notifies the other of its intention not to renew the contract. While we have agreed to purchase our requirement for certain Energy Industrial products from the contract manufacturer, we have no obligation to purchase any minimum quantity under the contract and we may terminate the contract at any time and for any or no reason. Additionally, we have entered into a contract with Prodensa to establish OPE Manufacturer Mexico S de RL de CV, a maquiladora located in Mexico (OPE), which assembles thermal barrier PyroThin products and operates an automated fabrication facility for PyroThin. Pursuant to such contract, we pay Prodensa a management fee and have an option to purchase OPE from Prodensa after a period of 18 months. On July 31, 2025, the purchase of OPE was completed for a nominal value in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Previous wording

Our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $78.7 million, which represented a decrease of $15.8 million, or 17%, from $94.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $301.2 million and net loss per share was $3.67. Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $1.8 million and net loss per share was $0.02.

Current wording

Our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $156.7 million, which represented a decrease of $55.5 million, or 26%, from $212.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $310.3 million and net loss per share was $3.78. Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $15.0 million and net income per share was $0.20.

Previous wording

Represents non-cash stock-based compensation related to vesting and modifications of stock option grants, vesting of restricted stock units and vesting of restricted common stock, and cash settled stock-based compensation settled.

Current wording

Represents non-cash stock-based compensation related to vesting and modifications of stock option grants, restricted stock units and restricted common stock, and cash settled restricted stock units issued in March 2025.

Previous wording

Our expectation for thermal barrier revenue is based, in part, on our OEM customers’ production volume forecasts and targets. Our OEM customers operate in a cyclical industry that is sensitive to shifting consumer trends, political and regulatory uncertainty and economic conditions in the markets they operate. EV adoption rates in some of our customers’ markets are expected to be at a slower rate than originally expected and EV investment continues to be re-timed as demand expectations in North America and Europe are reset. However, some of our OEM customers have been gaining market share from a low base volume and expect to continue to gain market share in 2025. Furthermore, changes in government and economic policies, incentives, and tariffs may impact our customers and our production, sales, cost structure and the competitive landscape. Additionally, our OEM customers continue to innovate which could result in engineering changes to the parts we supply primarily to reduce costs for our OEMs. Cost-cutting initiatives adopted by our customers may result in increased downward pressure on pricing. Our customer supply agreements generally require step-downs in component pricing over the periods of production and OEMs have historically possessed significant leverage over their outside suppliers. Accordingly, we expect thermal barrier revenues to decline in 2025. However, we are expecting an increase in energy industrial revenues. We are projecting growth in energy industrial revenue due to expected volume growth in our core petrochemical and refinery markets, an anticipated increase in project-based demand and continued penetration of new markets. We will continue to adjust to these developments, and we believe our ongoing cost reduction, including by reducing headcount, and improved production innovation and efficiency, will continue to benefit us. As a result, we expect to experience a decline in net income and Adjusted EBITDA during 2025. We also expect to incur reduced capital expenditures during 2025.

Current wording

Our expectation for thermal barrier revenue is based, in part, on our OEM customers’ production volume forecasts and targets. Our OEM customers operate in a cyclical industry that is sensitive to shifting consumer trends, political and regulatory uncertainty and economic conditions in the markets they operate. EV adoption rates in some of our customers’ markets are expected to be at a slower rate than originally expected and EV investment continues to be re-timed as demand expectations in North America and Europe are reset. However, some of our OEM customers have been gaining market share from a low base volume and expect to continue to gain market share in 2025. Furthermore, changes in government and economic policies, incentives, and tariffs may impact our customers and our production, sales, cost structure and the competitive landscape. Additionally, our OEM customers continue to innovate which could result in engineering changes to the parts we supply primarily to reduce costs for our OEMs. Cost-cutting initiatives adopted by our customers may result in increased downward pressure on pricing. Our customer supply agreements generally require step-downs in component pricing over the periods of production and OEMs have historically possessed significant leverage over their outside suppliers. Accordingly, we expect thermal barrier revenues to decline in 2025. Additionally, we are projecting a decline in energy industrial revenue due to expected volume decline in our core markets and an anticipated decline in project-based demand. We will continue to adjust to these developments, and we believe our ongoing cost reduction, including reduced headcount, and improved production innovation and efficiency, will benefit us. As a result, we expect a decline in net income and Adjusted EBITDA during 2025. We also expect reduced capital expenditures during 2025.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of expenses for personnel engaged in the development of next generation aerogel compositions, form factors and manufacturing technologies. These expenses also include testing services, prototype expenses, consulting services, trial formulations for new products, equipment depreciation, facilities costs and related overhead. We expense research and development costs as incurred. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to the development of new aerogel technologies, including our carbon aerogel battery materials. We believe that these investments are necessary to maintain and improve our competitive position. We also expect to continue to invest in research and engineering personnel and the infrastructure required in support of their efforts.

Current wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of expenses for personnel engaged in the development of next generation aerogel compositions, form factors and manufacturing technologies. These expenses also include testing services, prototype expenses, consulting services, trial formulations for new products, equipment depreciation, facilities costs and related overhead. We expense research and development costs as incurred. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to the development of new aerogel technologies. We believe that these investments are necessary to maintain and improve our competitive position. We also expect to continue to invest in research and engineering personnel and the infrastructure required in support of their efforts.

Previous wording

In 2025, impairment of property, plant and equipment consists of impairment incurred on our previously planned Statesboro Plant.

Current wording

In 2025, impairment of property, plant and equipment consists of impairment incurred on our previously planned Statesboro Plant and impairment of other property, plant and equipment in connection with a restructuring action.

Previous wording

Energy industrial revenue increased by $0.7 million, or 3%, to $29.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $29.1 million in the comparable period in 2024. This increase was driven by an increase in the global petrochemical and refinery markets of North America, Asia, Europe, and Latin America, offset in part by a decrease in project-based demand in the subsea market.

Current wording

Energy industrial revenue decreased by $14.1 million, or 38%, to $22.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $36.9 million in the comparable period in 2024. This decrease was driven by a decrease in revenue from the global petrochemical and refinery markets of North America, Latin America and Europe, and project-based demand in the subsea market, offset in part by an increase in revenue from the global petrochemical and refinery market of Asia.

Previous wording

Energy industrial revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included $10.7 million to a North American distributor, in comparison to $7.5 million for the comparable period of 2024.

Current wording

Energy industrial revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 included $1.7 million to a North American distributor, in comparison to $6.0 million for the comparable period of 2024.

Previous wording

The average selling price per square foot of our energy industrial products increased by less than 1% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in average selling price reflected the impact of price increases enacted in 2025 and a change in the mix of products sold, as we strive to maximize capacity in our aerogel manufacturing facility. This increase in average selling price had the effect of increasing product revenue by $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Current wording

The average selling price per square foot of our energy industrial products increased by less than 1% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in average selling price reflected the impact of price increases enacted in 2025 and a change in the mix of products sold. This increase in average selling price had the effect of increasing product revenue by less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Previous wording

In volume terms, energy industrial product shipments increased by 2% as measured by square feet of our energy industrial products shipped for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in volume had the effect of increasing product revenue by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Current wording

In volume terms, energy industrial product shipments decreased by 39% as measured by square feet of our energy industrial products shipped for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in volume had the effect of decreasing product revenue by $14.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Previous wording

Thermal barrier revenue decreased by $16.5 million, or 25%, to $48.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $65.4 million in the comparable period in 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, thermal barrier revenue included $47.4 million and $60.6 million, respectively, to a major U.S. automotive OEM. The decrease in thermal barrier revenue was driven by reduction in the volume of parts ordered by our OEM customer and lower contractual component price during the quarter compared to the same period in the prior year.

Current wording

Thermal barrier revenue decreased by $25.6 million, or 32%, to $55.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $80.8 million in the comparable period in 2024. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, thermal barrier revenue included $53.8 million and $76.9 million, respectively, to a major U.S. automotive OEM. The decrease in thermal barrier revenue was driven by a reduction in the volume of parts ordered by our OEM customer and a lower contractual component price during the period compared to the same period in the prior year.

Previous wording

Total cost of revenue decreased $3.5 million, or 6%, to $55.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $59.4 in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total cost of revenue was the result of a decrease in thermal barrier cost of revenue, offset by an increase in energy industrial cost of revenue.

Current wording

Total cost of revenue decreased $13.5 million, or 20%, to $52.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $66.2 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in total cost of revenue was the result of a decrease in thermal barrier cost of revenue and energy industrial cost of revenue.

Previous wording

Gross profit decreased by $12.3 million, or 35%, to $22.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $35.1 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in gross profit was the result of the $15.8 million decrease in total revenue, partially offset by the $3.5 million decrease in total cost of revenue.

Current wording

Gross profit decreased by $26.2 million, or 51%, to $25.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $51.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in gross profit was the result of the $39.7 million decrease in total revenue, partially offset by the $13.5 million decrease in total cost of revenue.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 3%, to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $4.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $0.2 million decrease reflects decreases in compensation and related costs of $0.2 million.

Current wording

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.7 million, or 17%, to $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $4.5 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $0.7 million decrease reflects decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $1.0 million, partially offset by an increase in other expenses of $0.3 million.

Previous wording

The $3.0 million decrease of interest expense, related party for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is the result of the repurchase of the convertible note in August 2024.

Current wording

The $3.0 million decrease in interest expense, related party for the three months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of the repurchase of the 2022 Convertible Note in August 2024.

Previous wording

The $1.1 million of income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico, in addition to a provision for state income taxes of less than $0.1 million. We incurred $0.8 million of income tax expense related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico for the comparable period in 2024.

Current wording

The $0.8 million of income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 is related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico, in addition to a provision for state income taxes of $0.4 million. We incurred $0.9 million of income tax expense related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico for the comparable period in 2024.

Previous wording

Energy industrial cost of revenue increased $0.6 million, or 3%, to $18.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $17.5 million in the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in the volume of products shipped. The $0.6 million increase was the result of a $5.3 million increase in material costs offset by a $4.7 million decrease in manufacturing and other operating costs due to lower volume of energy industrial products manufactured at our plant as we move manufacturing to the external manufacturing facility.

Current wording

Energy industrial cost of revenue decreased $6.4 million, or 16%, to $32.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $39.0 million in the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in the volume of products shipped. The $6.4 million decrease was the result of a $6.5 million decrease in manufacturing and other operating costs due to lower volume of energy industrial products manufactured at our plant.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses decreased by $4.2 million, or 24%, to $13.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $17.2 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $4.2 million decrease was the result of decreases in compensation and related costs of $4.3 million, foreign currency transaction losses of $1.1 million and depreciation and facility related expenses of $0.4 million, partially offset by an increase in insurance costs of $0.8 million, utilities expenditures of $0.7 million and other expenses of $0.1 million. Compensation and related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included $2.0 million of charge from the cancellation of the unearned performance-based restricted shares.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses decreased by $7.8 million, or 23%, to $26.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $34.7 million in the comparable period in 2024. The $7.8 million decrease was the result of decreases in compensation and related costs, partially driven by a headcount reduction of $6.3 million, foreign currency transaction losses of $2.3 million, professional fees of $0.5 million and depreciation and facility related expenses of $0.5 million, partially offset by an increase in utilities expenditures of $1.3 million and insurance costs of $0.5 million. Compensation and related costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $2.0 million of charge from the cancellation of the unearned performance-based restricted shares.

Previous wording

In February 2025, we announced and began implementing a restructuring plan to realign our operational focus to improve costs and align capital expenditure to anticipated long term demand. The plan included reducing our headcount and ceasing construction of our previously planned Statesboro Plant. In connection with the demobilization, we are no longer pursuing our application for a loan from the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office and have withdrawn from the loan application process. Restructuring and demobilization costs include severance and other personnel costs of $2.9 million, facility closures and other costs associated with demobilization of $0.8 million and write off of deferred financing costs of $6.2 million incurred in connection with pursuing financing for the construction of the plant. We did not incur restructuring and demobilization costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Current wording

In February 2025, we announced and began implementing a restructuring plan to realign our operational focus to improve costs and align capital expenditure to anticipated long term demand. The plan included reducing our headcount and ceasing construction of our previously planned Statesboro Plant. In connection with the demobilization, we are no longer pursuing our application for a loan from the Department of Energy's Loan Programs Office and have withdrawn from the loan application process. Restructuring and demobilization costs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 include severance and other personnel costs of $6.0 million, facility closures and other costs associated with demobilization of $2.6 million and write off of deferred financing costs of $6.2 million incurred in connection with pursuing financing for the construction of the plant. We did not incur restructuring and demobilization costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

Impairment of property, plant and equipment costs increased $283.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024, due to impairment incurred of $286.6 million on our previously planned Statesboro Plant. Impairment of $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was the result of a charge for impairment of equipment under development due to obsolescence following development of new and more efficient equipment.

Current wording

Impairment of property, plant and equipment costs increased $284.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024, due to impairment incurred of $286.6 million on our previously planned Statesboro Plant. Impairment of $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was the result of a charge for impairment of equipment under development due to obsolescence following development of new and more efficient equipment.

Previous wording

The $1.5 million increase in interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is the result of a $4.4 million increase in interest expense from the MidCap Loan Facility and sale and leaseback transactions, offset by $1.7 million of deferred financing costs written off related to the loan agreement with GM during the three months ended March 31, 2024 which did not repeat during the comparable period and an increase in interest income of $1.2 million. The other income increase of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is the result of a legal settlement payment to us.

Current wording

The $5.3 million increase in interest expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of a $9.1 million increase in interest expense from the MidCap Loan Facility and sale and leaseback transactions, offset by $1.8 million of deferred financing costs written off related to the loan agreement with GM during the three months ended March 31, 2024 which did not repeat during the comparable period and an increase in interest income of $2.0 million.

Previous wording

We have experienced significant losses and invested substantial resources since our inception to develop, commercialize and protect our aerogel technology and to build a manufacturing infrastructure capable of supplying aerogel products at the volumes and costs required by our customers. These investments have included research and development and other operating expenses, capital expenditures, and investment in working capital balances.

Current wording

We have experienced significant costs and invested substantial resources since our inception to develop, commercialize and protect our aerogel technology and to build a manufacturing infrastructure capable of supplying aerogel products at the volumes and costs required by our customers. These investments have included research and development and other operating expenses, capital expenditures, and investment in working capital balances.

Previous wording

Our long-term financial projections anticipate revenue growth, increasing levels of gross profit, and improved cash flows from operations. To meet expected demand for our aerogel products, we plan to make additional productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility and utilize a flexible supply strategy, including but not limited to use of our external manufacturing capabilities in China, which currently support our Energy Industrial segment and are capable of delivering increased aerogel production capacity. We expect that the productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility as well as the supply from our external manufacturing facility will permit us to achieve our target revenue capacity in 2025 and in the long-term. Accordingly, we have ceased construction at our previously planned Statesboro Plant. We will be demobilizing the plant and are in the process of assessing options to derive value from the assets, including potentially relocating certain equipment to improve and expand our existing manufacturing facility in East Providence.

Current wording

East Providence facility and utilize a flexible supply strategy, including but not limited to use of our external manufacturing capabilities in China, which currently support our Energy Industrial segment and are capable of delivering increased aerogel production capacity. We expect that the productivity improvements in our existing East Providence facility as well as the supply from our external manufacturing facility will permit us to achieve our target revenue capacity in 2025 and in the long-term.

Previous wording

On August 19, 2024, we entered into the Credit Agreement with the Agent and the Lenders. The MidCap Loan Facility under the Credit Agreement is comprised of (i) the Term Loan Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $125.0 million and (ii) the Revolving Facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the lesser of $100.0 million and the value of the Borrowing Base. At closing of the Credit Agreement, the Company drew $125.0 million from the Term Loan Facility and $43.0 million from the Revolving Facility. The proceeds of the borrowings at closing, net of fees and costs, were used for repurchasing the 2022 Convertible

Current wording

On August 19, 2024, we entered into the Credit Agreement with the Agent and the Lenders. The MidCap Loan Facility under the Credit Agreement is comprised of (i) the Term Loan Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $125.0 million and (ii) the Revolving Facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the lesser of $100.0 million and the value of the Borrowing Base. At closing of the Credit Agreement, the Company drew $125.0 million from the Term Loan Facility and $43.0 million from the Revolving Facility. The proceeds of the borrowings at closing, net of fees and costs, were used for repurchasing the 2022 Convertible Notes for $150.0 million and for general corporate purposes. On May 6, 2025, the Credit Agreement was amended to add Aspen Georgia as a Borrower and to amend the MidCap Loan Facility.

Previous wording

We believe that our March 31, 2025 cash and cash equivalents balance of $192.0 million, together with the funds available under the MidCap Loan Facility, will be sufficient to support current operating requirements, current research and development activities and the capital expenditures required to support the evolving commercial opportunities in the EV market and other strategic business opportunities.

Current wording

We believe that our June 30, 2025 cash and cash equivalents balance of $167.6 million, together with the funds available under the MidCap Loan Facility, will be sufficient to support current operating requirements, current research and development activities and the capital expenditures required to support the evolving commercial opportunities in the EV market and other strategic business opportunities.

Previous wording

Our principal sources of liquidity are currently our cash and cash equivalents, availability under the Revolving Facility, and cash generated by ongoing operations. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash, money market accounts, and sweep accounts on deposit with banks. As of March 31, 2025, we had $192.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

Current wording

Our principal sources of liquidity are currently our cash and cash equivalents, availability under the Revolving Facility, and cash generated by ongoing operations. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash, money market accounts, and sweep accounts on deposit with banks. As of June 30, 2025, we had $167.6 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we generated $5.6 million in net cash in operating activities, as compared to the use of $17.7 million in net cash during the comparable period in 2024, an increase in cash provided by operations of $23.3 million. This increase in cash provided by operations was the result of an increase in net cash generated by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $48.9 million, offset by a decrease in net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $25.6 million.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we generated $1.7 million in net cash in operating activities, as compared to the use of $10.9 million in net cash during the comparable period in 2024, an increase in cash provided by operations of $12.6 million. This increase in cash provided by operations was the result of an increase in net cash generated by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $65.6 million, offset by a decrease in net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $53.0 million.

Previous wording

Net cash used in investing activities is for capital expenditures for machinery and equipment principally to improve the throughput, efficiency and capacity of our East Providence facility, our automated fabrication facility in Mexico and construction costs for the previously planned Statesboro Plant. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $13.0 million and $25.9 million, respectively.

Current wording

Net cash used in investing activities is for capital expenditures for machinery and equipment principally to improve the throughput, efficiency and capacity of our East Providence facility, our automated fabrication facility in Mexico and construction costs for the previously planned Statesboro Plant. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $25.9 million and $50.7 million, respectively.

Previous wording

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 totaled $21.5 million and consisted of $13.2 million in cash used for the repayment of the revolver, $6.5 for the repayment of the Term Loan Facility, $1.2 in repayments of the finance obligation under the sale and leaseback transaction, $0.6 million for payments made for employee tax withholdings associated with the vesting of RSUs, and less than $0.1 million in cash used for fees and issuance costs.

Current wording

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $29.1 million and consisted of $13.2 million in cash used for the repayment of the revolver, $13.0 for the repayment of the Term Loan Facility, $2.4 in repayments of the finance obligation under the sale and leaseback transaction, $0.6 million for payments made for employee tax withholdings associated with the vesting of RSUs, $0.2 million in proceeds from employee stock option exercises, and less than $0.1 million in cash used for fees and issuance costs.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 totaled $5.3 million and consisted of $5.0 million in proceeds from a sale and leaseback transaction and $1.4 million in proceeds from employee stock option exercises, offset by $1.1 million in cash used for payments made for employee tax withholdings associated with the vesting of restricted stock units.

Current wording

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 totaled $13.4 million and consisted of $5.0 million in proceeds from a sale and leaseback transaction and $10.1 million in proceeds from employee stock option exercises, offset by $1.1 million in cash used for payments made for employee tax withholdings associated with the vesting of restricted stock units, $0.5 million in repayments of a sales leaseback, and less than $0.1 million in cash used for fees and issuance costs.

Previous wording

The SEC encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains such “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: our expectations about the market for our aerogel products, in particular in the electric vehicle market, the energy infrastructure insulation market, the lithium-ion battery thermal barrier markets, and other markets we target; our beliefs in the appropriateness of our assumptions, the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, loss contingencies, future revenues, revenue capacity, future profits, uses of cash, available credit, capital requirements, and the need for additional financing to operate our business and for capital expenditures and to fund our planned strategic business initiatives; the performance of our aerogel products; our expectation that we will be successful in obtaining, enforcing and defending our patents against competitors and that such patents are valid and enforceable; our expectations regarding decommissioning of the Statesboro Plant; our estimates of annual production capacity; beliefs about the commercial potential for our technology in the electric vehicle market; beliefs about our ability to produce and deliver products to electric vehicle customers; beliefs about our contracts with the major automotive manufacturers; our expectations about the size and timing of awarded business in the electric vehicle market, future revenues and profit margins, arising from our supply relationship and contract with automotive OEMs and our ability to win more business and increase revenue in the electric vehicle market; beliefs about the performance of our thermal barrier products in the battery systems of electric vehicles; the current or future trends in the energy, energy infrastructure, chemical and refinery, LNG, sustainable building materials, electric vehicle thermal barrier, electric vehicle battery materials or other markets and the impact of these trends on our business; our investments in the electric vehicle market; our beliefs about the financial metrics that are indicative of our core performance; our expectations about the effect of manufacturing capacity on financial metrics such as Adjusted EBITDA; our expectations about future revenues, expenses, gross profit, net income (loss), income (loss) per share and Adjusted EBITDA, sources and uses of cash, capital requirements and the sufficiency of our existing cash balance and…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

The SEC encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains such “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: our expectations about the market for our aerogel products, in particular in the EV market, the energy infrastructure insulation market, the lithium-ion battery thermal barrier markets, and other markets we target; our beliefs in the appropriateness of our assumptions, the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, loss contingencies, future revenues, revenue capacity, future profits, uses of cash, available credit, capital requirements, and the need for additional financing to operate our business and for capital expenditures and to fund our planned strategic business initiatives; the impact of new legislation on our financial statements; the performance of our aerogel products; our expectation that we will be successful in obtaining, enforcing and defending our patents against competitors and that such patents are valid and enforceable; our expectations regarding decommissioning of and our plans for divesting the assets of the Statesboro Plant; our estimates of annual production capacity; beliefs about the commercial potential for our technology in the EV market; beliefs about our ability to produce and deliver products to EV customers; beliefs about our contracts with the major automotive manufacturers; our expectations about the size and timing of awarded business in the EV market, future revenues and profit margins, arising from our supply relationship and contract with automotive OEMs and our ability to win more business and increase revenue in the EV market; beliefs about the performance of our thermal barrier products in the battery systems of EVs; the current or future trends in the energy, energy infrastructure, chemical and refinery, LNG, sustainable building materials, EV thermal barrier, EV battery materials or other markets and the impact of these trends on our business; our investments in the EV market; our beliefs about the financial metrics that are indicative of our core performance; our expectations about the effect of manufacturing capacity on financial metrics such as Adjusted EBITDA; our expectations about future revenues, expenses, gross profit, net income (loss), income (loss) per share and Adjusted EBITDA, sources and uses of cash, capital requirements and the sufficiency of our existing cash balance and available credit; our be…

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Rearranged current paragraphs (13)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

General Motors and Toyota, and thermal barrier prototype parts to a number of global manufacturers of EVs, grid storage and home battery systems. During fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, we sold $306.8 million, $110.1 million and $55.6 million, respectively, of our PyroThin thermal barriers.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

We expect to meet our long-term Thermal Barrier program demand by maximizing capacity at our East Providence facility and utilizing a flexible supply strategy, including, but not limited to, using our external manufacturing capabilities.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

In February 2025, we announced and began implementing a restructuring plan to realign our operational focus to improve costs and align capital expenditure to anticipated long term demand. The plan included reducing our headcount and ceasing construction of our previously planned Statesboro Plant. Restructuring and demobilization costs include severance and other personnel costs of $3.1 million and facility closures and other costs associated with demobilization of $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. We did not incur restructuring, facility closure or demobilization costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The $3.8 million increase in interest expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of a $4.5 million increase in interest expense from the MidCap Loan Facility and sale and leaseback transactions, offset by an increase in interest income of $0.7 million.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The following tables set forth a comparison of the components of our results of operations for the periods presented:

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Energy industrial revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 included $12.3 million to a North American distributor, in comparison to $13.5 million for the comparable period of 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The average selling price per square foot of our energy industrial products increased by less than 1% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in average selling price reflected the impact of price increases enacted in 2025 and a change in the mix of products sold. This increase in average selling price had the effect of increasing product revenue by $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

In volume terms, energy industrial product shipments decreased by 20% as measured by square feet of our energy industrial products shipped for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in volume had the effect of decreasing product revenue by $13.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the comparable period in 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Thermal barrier revenue decreased by $42.1 million, or 29%, to $104.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $146.2 million in the comparable period in 2024. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, thermal barrier revenue included $101.2 million and $137.5 million, respectively, to a major U.S. automotive OEM. The decrease in thermal barrier revenue was driven by a reduction in the volume of parts ordered by our OEM customer and a lower contractual component price during the period compared to the same period in the prior year.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The $6.1 million decrease in interest expense, related party for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of the repurchase of the convertible note in August 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The other income increase of $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of a legal settlement payment to us.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The $1.9 million of income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico, in addition to a provision for state income taxes of $0.4 million. We incurred $1.6 million of income tax expense related to our maquiladora operations in Mexico for the comparable period in 2024.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Our long-term financial projections anticipate revenue growth, increasing levels of gross profit, and improved cash flows from operations. To meet expected demand for our aerogel products, we plan to make additional productivity improvements in our existing
Rearranged previous paragraphs (4)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

We have entered into multi-year production contracts with a number of automotive EV OEM customers to supply fabricated, multi-part thermal barriers for use in the battery systems of their EV models. These customers include General Motors LLC (GM),

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Notes for $150.0 million and for general corporate purposes. On May 6, 2025, the Credit Agreement was amended adding Aspen Georgia as a Borrower and amending the MidCap Loan Facility. See Part II – Other Information – Item 5 – Other Information for further details.