SOUTH PLAINS FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations – South Plains Financial, Inc. (“SPFI”) is a Texas corporation and registered bank holding company that conducts its principal activities through its subsidiaries from offices located throughout Texas and Eastern New Mexico. Principal activities include commercial and retail banking, along with investment, trust, and mortgage services. The following were subsidiaries of SPFI as of September 30, 2025:

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation –The consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 (this “Form 10-Q”) include the accounts of SPFI and its wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) identified above. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is a material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term; the assumptions used in stock-based compensation, derivatives, mortgage servicing rights, and fair values of financial instruments can also involve significant management estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Updates to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are prescribed in Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”), which are not authoritative until incorporated into the ASC.

ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification. Certain of the amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of the current requirements. Each amendment in the ASU will only become effective if the SEC removes the related disclosure or presentation requirement from its existing regulations by June 30, 2027. The amendments in this ASU are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU areintended to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments intended to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public companies to disclose in a tabular format, in the notes to the financial statements, specific disaggregated information about certain prescribed categories of expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. The prescribed categories include, among other things, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. This ASU is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Implementation of this ASU may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Subsequent Events – The Company has evaluated subsequent events and transactions from September 30, 2025 through the date this Form 10-Q was filed with the SEC for potential recognition or disclosure as required by GAAP.

2. SECURITIES

A summary of the amortized cost, related gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses, and estimated fair value of securities available for sale at the dates indicated is presented below (dollars in thousands):

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at September 30, 2025 are presented below by contractual maturity (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Declining-balance securities are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.

At both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there wereno holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government, its agencies, or its sponsored enterprises, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $406.9 million and $309.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to collateralize public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

The following table segregates securities with unrealized losses at the periods indicated, by the duration they have been in a loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded (dollars in thousands):

There were 129 securities with an unrealized loss at September 30, 2025, generally due to a continuation of the elevated market interest rate environment. Management evaluates securities available for sale (“AFS”) in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Consideration is given to the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in fair value. Management does not have the intent to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position and believes that it is not likely that the securities will have to be sold before a recovery of cost. The fair value of these securities is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2025, management believes the unrealized loss positions detailed in the previous table are due to non-credit related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no ACL for AFS securities or losses have been recognized or realized in the consolidated financial statements.

3. LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT

Loans held for investment are summarized by category as of the dates presented below (dollars in thousands):

The Company has certain lending policies, underwriting standards, and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income with an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies, underwriting standards, and procedures on a regular basis and makes changes as appropriate. Management receives frequent reports related to loan originations, quality, concentrations, delinquencies, non-performing, and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions, both by type of loan and geography.

Commercial Real Estate – Underwriting standards have been designed to determine whether the borrower possesses sound business ethics and practices, evaluate current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed and ensure appropriate collateral is obtained to secure the loan. Commercial real estate loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows for income-producing properties and collateral values for non-income-producing properties. The repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loans or the sale or refinancing of the property. Real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s real estate portfolio are diversified by type and geographic location. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry.

Commercial – General and Specialized – Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably. Underwriting standards have been designed to determine whether the borrower possesses sound business ethics and practices, evaluate current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations, as agreed and ensure appropriate collateral is obtained to secure the loan. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as real estate, accounts receivable, or inventory, and typically include personal guarantees. Owner-occupied real estate is included in commercial loans, as the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the operations of the commercial borrower’s business rather than on income-producing properties or the sale of the properties. Commercial loans are grouped intotwo distinct sub-categories: specialized and general. Commercial related segments that are considered “specialized” include agricultural production and real estate loans, energy loans, and finance, investment, and insurance loans. Commercial related segments that contain a broader diversity of borrowers, sub-industries, or serviced industries are grouped into the “general category.” These include goods, services, restaurant & retail, construction, and other industries. Performance of these loans is subject to operating and cash flow results of the borrower, with risk in the volatility of operating results for particular industries.

Consumer – Loans to consumers include 1-4 family residential loans, auto loans, and other loans for recreational vehicles or other purposes. The Company utilizes a computer-based credit scoring analysis to supplement its policies and procedures in underwriting consumer loans. The Company’s loan policy addresses types of consumer loans that may be originated and the collateral, if secured, which must be perfected. The relatively smaller individual dollar amounts of consumer loans that are spread over numerous individual borrowers also minimizes the Company’s risk. The Company generally requires mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance on 1-4 family residential loans. All consumer loans are generally dependent on the risk characteristics of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, a consideration of the debt to income ratio, employment and income stability, the loan-to-value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral.

Construction – Loans for residential construction are for single-family properties to developers, builders, or end-users. These loans are underwritten based on estimates of costs and completed value of the project. Funds are advanced based on estimated percentage of completion for the project. Performance of these loans is affected by economic conditions as well as the ability to control costs of the projects.

The commercial real estate and construction categories comprise the Company’s nonowner-occupied real estate loans. Total nonowner-occupied real estate loans were $1.13 billion at September 30, 2025, and $1.22 billion at December 31, 2024.

The ACL for loans was $44.1 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $43.2 million at December 31, 2024. The ratio of ACL for loans to loans held for investment was 1.45% at September 30, 2025 and 1.42% at December 31, 2024.

The following tables detail the activity in the ACL for loans for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands). Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company recorded a provision for credit loss of $500 thousand and $3.4 million, respectively, which was comprised of a provision for credit losses on loans of $400 thousand and $3.2 million, respectively, and a provision for off-balance sheet credit exposures of $100 thousand and $270 thousand, respectively. During the three and nine months September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a provision for credit loss of $495 thousand and $3.1 million, respectively, which was comprised of a provision for credit losses on loans of $600 thousand and $3.1 million, respectively, and a provision for off-balance sheet credit exposures of $(105) and $(40) thousand, respectively.

The following tables show the Company’s amortized cost and related ACL for individually evaluated collateral dependent loans by class using the fair value of collateral loss estimation methodology of evaluating expected credit losses at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands).

The tables below provide an age analysis on accruing past-due loans and nonaccrual loans at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company grades its loans on athirteen-point grading scale. These grades fit in one of the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard, (iv) doubtful, or (v) loss. Loans categorized as loss are charged-off immediately. The grading of loans reflects a judgment by the Company about the risks of default associated with the loan. The Company reviews the grades on loans as part of the Company’s on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the loan portfolio. These risk ratings are assigned based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.

Pass loans have financial factors or nature of collateral that are considered reasonable credit risks in the normal course of lending and encompass several grades that are assigned based on varying levels of risk, ranging from credits that are secured by cash or marketable securities, to watch credits which have all the characteristics of an acceptable credit risk but warrant more than the normal level of monitoring.

Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of repayment prospects for the loans at some future date.

Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or by the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize collection and present the distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the deficiencies are not corrected. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed. Substandard loans can be accruing or can be nonaccrual depending on the circumstances of the individual loans.

Doubtful loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. All doubtful loans are on nonaccrual.

In connection with the review of the Company’s loan portfolio, management considers risk elements attributable to particular loan type or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. The list of loans to be analyzed for individual evaluation consists of non-accrual loans over $250 thousand. Interest income recognized using a cash-basis method on non-accrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was not significant. In addition, the Company closely monitors substandard accruing loans over $1 million, and past due accruing loans over $100 thousand for possible individual evaluation. All other loans will be evaluated collectively in designated pools unless a loss exposure has been identified. Additional funds committed to be advanced on individually analyzed loans are not significant.

The following tables reflect the amortized cost basis in loans held for investment by credit quality indicator and origination year at the dates indicated, and related year-to-date gross charge-offs. Loans acquired are shown in the table by origination year. The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving loans converted to term loans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(1)Includes $345 thousand in charged-off demand deposit overdrafts reported as 2025 originations.

(1)Includes $457 thousand in charged-off demand deposit overdrafts reported as 2024 originations.

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extensions, an other than insignificant payment delay, or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Typically, one type of concession, such as term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025 and 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the periods indicated, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below (dollars in thousands):

The following table presents the financial effects of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated below (dollars in thousands):

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following presents the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last twelve months at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company hadno loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company had $97 thousand in loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted. Payment default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure, or charge-off.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had $32 thousand in loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted.

4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

The Company had goodwill of $19.3 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Other intangible assets, which consisted of core deposit intangibles at the dates indicated are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

5. MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS

The following table reflects the changes in fair value of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights asset included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and other information related to the serviced portfolio, for the periods or dates presented (dollars in thousands):

The following table reflects the key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights as of the dates indicated:

6. BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS

Subordinated Debt

In December 2018, the Company issued $14.1 million of subordinated notes that have a maturity date of December 2030 and a weighted average fixed rate of 6.41% for the first seven years. After the fixed rate period, these notes will float at the Wall Street Journal prime rate, with a floor of 4.0% and a ceiling of 7.5%. These notes pay interest quarterly, are unsecured, and may be called by the Company at any time after the remaining maturity isfive years or less. Additionally, these notes are intended to qualify for Tier 2 capital treatment, subject to regulatory limitations.

On September 29, 2020, the Company issued $50.0 million in subordinated notes. Proceeds were reduced by approximately $926 thousand in debt issuance costs. These notes had a maturity date of September 2030 with a fixed rate of 4.50% for the first five years. On August 25, 2025, the Company notified holders (the “Redemption Notice”) of these notes that it had elected to redeem all of these outstanding notes effective on September 30, 2025 (the “Redemption Date”). Each of these notes were redeemed pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, dated as of September 29, 2020, between the Company and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee for these notes (the “Trustee”), at the edemption price totaling $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest (the “Redemption Price”). As provided in the Redemption Notice, on the Redemption Date, the Trustee paid the relevant Redemption Price to the holders of these notes appearing on the books and records of the Trustee on the Redemption Date. The notes ceased to represent the right to payment of principal and interest upon the payment to the holders of the notes by the Trustee representing the Redemption Price. The Company received all necessary regulatory approvals for the redemption of these notes.

As of September 30, 2025, the total amount of subordinated notes outstanding was $14.1 million. As of December 31, 2024, the total amount of subordinated notes outstanding was $64.1 million less approximately $139 thousand of remaining debt issuance costs for a total balance of $64.0 million.

Notes Payable and Other Borrowings

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, City Bank hadno outstanding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) or any short-term borrowings.

7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Equity Incentive Plan

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (“Plan”) was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on January 16, 2019 and by its shareholders on March 6, 2019. The purpose of the Plan is to: (i) attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, (ii) provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants, and (iii) promote the success of the Company’s business. The Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares, and other stock-based awards. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to all awards under the Plan was 5,413,184 at September 30, 2025. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Plan may be increased annually by up to 3% of the total issued and outstanding common shares of the Company at the beginning of each fiscal year.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities of the Company’s common stock and similar peer company averages. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and post-vesting termination behavior. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, which takes in to account that the options are not transferable. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant.

Options

A summary of activity in the Plan during the period indicated is presented in the table below (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

A summary of assumptions used to calculate the fair values of the awards granted during the periods noted is presented below:

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $917 thousand and $134 thousand, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards and Units

A summary of activity in the Plan during the period indicated is presented in the table below:

Restricted stock units granted under the Plan typically vest fromone tofour years, but vesting periods may vary. Compensation expense for these grants will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the stock at the issue date. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $546 thousand and $643 thousand, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the Plan of $621 thousand and $563 thousand, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the Plan of $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

The total unrecognized compensation cost for the awards outstanding under the Plan at September 30, 2025 was $4.2 million and will be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 1.66 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan – The Company maintains the South Plains Financial, Inc. 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) offering eligible employees an opportunity to purchase shares of Company common stock at a 15% discount from the lesser of fair market value on the first or last day of each six-month offering period, beginning August 1, 2024. The ESPP provides for the purchase of up to an aggregate ofone million shares of the Company’s common stock by the employees. A maximum of 1,200 shares per employee may be purchased per offering period. The ESPP benefit is treated as compensation to the employee, and the compensation expense will be recognized over the service period based on the grant date fair value of the rights determined at the beginning of the purchase period, adjusted for forfeitures and certain modifications. Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was $29 thousand and $94 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. At September 30, 2025, there was $39 thousand of total unrecognized compensation expense related to estimated ESPP shares. These costs are expected to be recognized over a period ofseven months. As of September 30, 2025,15,925 shares were issued under the ESPP.

A summary of assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of the ESPP rights for the period indicated is presented below:

8. OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ACTIVITIES, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk - The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for recorded instruments.

Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk outstanding at the dates indicated follow (dollars in thousands):

Commitments to grant loans and extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Essentially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company requires collateral supporting those commitments if deemed necessary.

FHLB Letters of Credit - The Company may use FHLB letters of credit to pledge to certain public deposits. At September 30, 2025 there wereno FHLB letters of credit outstanding. At December 31, 2024 there were $75.0 million of FHLB letters or credit outstanding.

Litigation – The Company is a defendant in legal actions arising from time to time in the normal course of business. Management believes that the ultimate liability, if any, arising from these matters will not materially affect the consolidated financial statements, based on information known as of the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

9. CAPITAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS

The Company and its bank subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by its banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and its bank subsidiary’s financial statements. Under capital guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its bank subsidiary must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and its bank subsidiary to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, that the Company and its bank subsidiary met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company met the definition of “well-capitalized” under the applicable regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the bank subsidiary was “well capitalized” under the FDIC’s regulatory framework for prompt corrective action and the Basel III capital guidelines. To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2025 that management believes have changed the bank subsidiary’s category.

The Company and its bank subsidiary’s actual capital amounts and ratios at the dates indicated follows (dollars in thousands):

The Company is subject to the Basel III capital ratio requirements which include a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.50% above the regulatory minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. This 2.50% capital conservation buffer is reflected in the table above. Both the Company’s and the Bank’s actual ratios, as outlined in the table above, exceeded the Basel III risk-based capital requirement with the capital conservation buffer as of September 30, 2025.

State banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by banks to their shareholders. Dividends paid by the Company’s bank subsidiary would be prohibited if the effect thereof would cause the bank subsidiary’s capital to be reduced below applicable minimum capital requirements.

10. DERIVATIVES

The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset-liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. These interest rate swaps are designated and qualify as fair value hedges and are entered into to reduce exposure to changes in fair value of fixed rate financial instruments. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amounts and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

The following table reflects the changes in fair value hedges included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

The following table reflects the fair value hedges included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage banking derivatives

The net gains (losses) relating to free standing derivative instruments used for risk management are summarized below for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

The following table reflects the amount and fair value of mortgage banking derivatives in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

The Company had received cash collateral of $10.5 million and $17.0 million to offset asset derivative positions on its interest rate swaps at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. This amount is reported in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had advanced $1.1 million to offset liability derivative positions on its interest rate swaps at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Additionally, the Company had advanced $270 thousand on its mortgage forward contracts at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The advanced cash collateral amounts are reported in cash and due from banks in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The factors used in the earnings per share computation for the periods indicated follow (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Operating segments are components of a business about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s reportable banking segment is determined by its President, who is the designated CODM. City Bank is the only significant subsidiary upon which the CODM makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Individual bank branches offer a group of similar services, including commercial, real estate and consumer loans, time deposits, checking and savings accounts, all with similar operating and economic characteristics. While the CODM monitors the revenue streams of the various products, services, and branch locations, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the community banking services and branch locations are considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment, banking. Loans, investments, and deposits provide the significant revenues and interest expense, provision for credit losses and salaries and employee benefits comprise the significant expenses within the banking segment. All significant revenues and expenses mentioned above are shown individually on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

13. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are: (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

Valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach are required by GAAP. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset. Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

The following table summarizes fair value measurements as of the dates indicated below (dollars in thousands):

Securities – Fair value is calculated based on market prices of similar securities using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities that are not actively traded.

Mortgage servicing rights – Mortgage servicing rights are reported at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The mortgage servicing rights asset is valued by projecting net servicing cash flows, which are then discounted to estimate the fair value. The fair value of the mortgage servicing rights asset is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment speeds, default rates, and discount rates, which are significant unobservable inputs. Mortgage servicing rights are the only Level 3 asset measured at fair value on a recurring basis, see Note 5 for the Level 3 change activity for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Derivatives – Fair value of derivatives is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date.

Loans held for investment – Includes certain collateral-dependent loans which are reported at fair value, for which a specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses is based off of the underlying collateral, less estimated disposal costs, if repayment is expected solely from the sale of the collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 2 inputs based on observable market data or Level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria.

Fair Values of Assets Recorded on a Recurring Basis for which the Fair Value Option has been Elected

Loans held for sale (mandatory) – Loans held for sale originated for mandatory delivery are reported at fair value on a recurring basis due to the Company’s election to adopt fair value accounting treatment for these assets. This election allows for a more effective offset of the changes in fair values of the assets and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. For assets for which the fair value option has been elected, the earned current contractual interest payment is recognized in interest income, loan origination costs and fees on fair value option loans are recognized in earnings as incurred and not deferred. At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there wereno gains or losses recorded attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. Fair value is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the aggregate fair value of loans held for sale for mandatory delivery was $9.9 million and $13.8 million, respectively. The aggregate unpaid principal balance as of the same dates was $9.7 million and $13.5 million, respectively, representing differences between fair value and unpaid principal balance of $259 thousand and $271 thousand, respectively. The Company hadno loans held for sale for mandatory delivery designated as nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The total fair value option impact on noninterest income for loans held for sale for mandatory delivery is included in Net gain on sales of loans in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. For each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the net (gain) loss amount totaled $181 thousand and $94 thousand, respectively. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the net (gain) loss amount totaled $18 thousand and $(246) thousand, respectively.

The following table presents quantitative information about recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments that are not previously disclosed in the recurring fair values section are as follows (dollars in thousands):

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividend Declaration

On October 15, 2025, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.16 per share of common stock to be paid on November 10, 2025 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on October 27, 2025.