Grace Therapeutics, Inc.

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s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

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This management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is presented in order to provide the reader with an overview of the financial results and changes to our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024. This MD&A also explains the material variations in our results of operations for the three and the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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This management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is presented in order to provide the reader with an overview of the financial results and changes to our financial position as at June 30, 2025 and for the three months then ended. This MD&A also explains the material variations in our operations, financial positions and cash flows for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

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Market data, and certain industry data and forecasts included in this MD&A were obtained from internal Company surveys and market research conducted by third parties hired by us, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications, and independent third-party surveys. We have relied upon industry publications as our primary sources for third-party industry data and forecasts. Industry surveys, publications and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of that information are not guaranteed. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources or the underlying economic assumptions they have made. Similarly, internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, which we believe to be reliable based upon our management’s or contracted third parties’ knowledge of our industry, have not been independently verified. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties, including assumptions that may prove not to be accurate, and these estimates and certain industry data are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in this quarterly report and in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 21, 2024 (the “Annual Report”), our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2024, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on November 13, 2024. This MD&A contains forward-looking information. You should review our Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements presented at the beginning of this quarterly report.

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Market data, and certain industry data and forecasts included in this MD&A were obtained from internal Company surveys and market research conducted by third parties hired by us, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications, and independent third-party surveys. We have relied upon industry publications as our primary sources for third-party industry data and forecasts. Industry surveys, publications, and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of that information are not guaranteed. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources or the underlying economic assumptions they have made. Similarly, internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, which we believe to be reliable based upon our management’s or contracted third parties’ knowledge of our industry, have not been independently verified. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties, including assumptions that may prove not to be accurate, and these estimates and certain industry data are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in this quarterly report and in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 23, 2025 (the “Annual Report”). This MD&A contains forward-looking information. You should review our Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements presented at the beginning of this quarterly report.

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This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included elsewhere in this quarterly report. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Current wording

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this quarterly report. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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We believe that rare disorders represent an attractive area for drug development, and there remains an opportunity for us to utilize already approved drugs that have established safety profiles and clinical experience to potentially address significant unmet medical needs. A key advantage of pursuing therapies for rare disorders is the potential to receive orphan drug designation (“ODD”) from the FDA. Our three drug candidates have received ODD status, provided certain conditions are met at new drug application (“NDA”) approval. ODD provides for seven years of marketing exclusivity in the United States post-launch, provided certain conditions are met, and the potential for faster regulatory review. ODD status can also result in tax credits of up to 50% of clinical development costs conducted in the United States upon marketing approval and a waiver of the NDA fees, which we estimate can translate into savings of approximately $4.3 million for our lead drug candidate, GTx-104. Developing drugs for rare diseases can often allow for clinical trials that are more manageably scaled and may require a smaller, more targeted commercial infrastructure.

Current wording

We believe rare disorders represent an attractive area for drug development, and there remains an opportunity for us to utilize already approved drugs that have established safety profiles and clinical experience to potentially address significant unmet medical needs. A key advantage of pursuing therapies for rare disorders is the potential to receive orphan drug designation (“ODD”) from the FDA. Our three drug candidates have received ODD status and, provided certain conditions are met at new drug application approval, those candidates, if approved, will be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity (“ODE”), which blocks FDA from approving for seven years any other application for a product that is the same drug for the same orphan indication, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority to the product with ODE. ODD status can also result in tax credits of up to 25% of clinical development costs conducted in the United States upon marketing approval and a waiver of the NDA fees, which we estimate can translate into savings of approximately $4.3 million for our lead drug candidate, GTx-104. Developing drugs for rare diseases can often allow for clinical trials that are more manageably scaled and may require a smaller, more targeted commercial infrastructure.

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Our management team possesses significant experience in drug formulation and drug delivery research and development, clinical and pharmaceutical development and manufacturing, regulatory affairs, and business development, as well as being well-versed in late-stage drug development and commercialization. Importantly, our team is comprised of industry professionals with deep expertise and knowledge, including a world-renowned practicing neurosurgeon-scientist and respected authority in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (“aSAH”), as well as product development, chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC), planning, implementation, management, and execution of global Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials for GTx-104, and drug commercialization.

Current wording

Our management team possesses significant experience in drug formulation, drug delivery research and development, clinical and pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, regulatory affairs, business development, as well as late-stage drug development and commercialization. Importantly, our team is comprised of industry professionals with deep expertise and knowledge, including a world-renowned practicing neurosurgeon-scientist and respected authority in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as product development, chemistry, manufacturing and controls (“CMC”), planning, implementation, management, and execution of global Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials for GTx-104, and drug commercialization.

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GTx-104 is a clinical-stage, novel, injectable formulation of nimodipine being developed for intravenous (“IV”) infusion in aSAH patients to address significant unmet medical needs. The unique nanoparticle technology of GTx-104 facilitates aqueous formulation of insoluble nimodipine for a standard peripheral IV infusion. GTx-104 provides a convenient IV delivery of nimodipine in the intensive care unit eliminating the need for nasogastric tube administration in unconscious or dysphagic patients. IV delivery of GTx-104 also has the potential to lower food effects, drug-to-drug interactions, and eliminate potential dosing errors. Further, GTx-104 has the potential to better manage hypotension in aSAH patients.

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GTx-104 is a clinical stage, novel, injectable formulation of nimodipine being developed for IV infusion in aSAH patients to address significant unmet medical needs. The unique nanoparticle technology of GTx-104 facilitates aqueous formulation of insoluble nimodipine for a standard peripheral IV infusion. GTx-104 provides a convenient IV delivery of nimodipine in the Intensive Care Unit potentially eliminating the need for nasogastric tube administration in unconscious or dysphagic patients. Intravenous delivery of GTx-104 also has the potential to lower food effects, drug-to-drug interactions, and eliminate potential dosing errors. Further, GTx-104 has the potential to better manage hypotension in aSAH patients. GTx-104 has been administered in over 200 patients and healthy volunteers and was well tolerated with significantly lower inter- and intra-subject pharmacokinetic variability compared to oral nimodipine.

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GTx-101 is a topical bio adhesive film-forming bupivacaine spray for Postherpetic Neuralgia (“PHN”), which can be persistent and often causes debilitating pain following infection by the shingles virus. We believe that GTx-101 could be administered to patients with PHN to treat pain associated with the disease.

Current wording

GTx-101 is a topical bio adhesive film-forming bupivacaine spray for Postherpetic Neuralgia (“PHN”), which can be persistent and often causes debilitating pain following infection by the shingles virus. Four single-dose Phase 1 studies to evaluate the PK, safety, dose proportionality and tolerability of GTx-101 have been performed. In these trials, no serious adverse events were reported and GTx-101 was well tolerated. We believe that GTx-101 could be administered to patients with PHN to treat pain associated with the disease.

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aSAH is bleeding over the surface of the brain in the subarachnoid space between the brain and the skull, which contains blood vessels that supply the brain. A primary cause of such bleeding is the rupture of an aneurysm in the brain. The result is a relatively uncommon type of stroke (aSAH) that accounts for about 5% of all strokes and an estimated 42,500 U.S. hospital treated patients.

Current wording

aSAH is bleeding over the surface of the brain in the subarachnoid space between the brain and the skull, which contains blood vessels that supply the brain. A primary cause of such bleeding is the rupture of an aneurysm in the brain. The result is a relatively uncommon type of stroke that accounts for about 5% of all strokes and an estimated 42,500 U.S. hospital treated patients per year.

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Nimodipine was granted FDA approval in 1988 and is the only approved drug that has been clinically shown to improve neurological outcomes in aSAH patients. It is only available in the United States as a generic oral capsule and as a branded oral liquid solution called NYMALIZE™, which is manufactured and sold by Arbor Pharmaceuticals (acquired in September 2021 by Azurity Pharmaceuticals). Nimodipine has poor water solubility and high permeability characteristics because of its high lipophilicity. Additionally, orally administered nimodipine has dose-limiting side-effects such as hypotension, poor absorption and low bioavailability resulting from high first-pass metabolism, and a narrow administration window as food effects lower bioavailability significantly. Due to these issues, blood levels of orally administered nimodipine can be highly variable, making it difficult to manage blood pressure in aSAH patients. Nimodipine capsules are also difficult to administer, particularly to unconscious patients or those with impaired ability to swallow. Concomitant use with CYP3A inhibitors is contraindicated (NIMODIPINE Capsule PI).

Current wording

Nimodipine was granted FDA approval in 1988 and is the only approved drug that has been clinically shown to improve neurological outcomes in aSAH patients. It is only available in the United States as a generic oral capsule and as a branded oral liquid solution called NYMALIZE™, which is manufactured and sold by Arbor Pharmaceuticals (acquired in September 2021 by Azurity Pharmaceuticals). Nimodipine has poor water solubility and high permeability characteristics because of its high lipophilicity. Additionally, orally administered nimodipine has dose-limiting side-effects such as hypotension, poor absorption and low bioavailability resulting from high first-pass metabolism, and a narrow administration window as food effects lower bioavailability significantly. Due to these issues, blood levels of orally administered nimodipine can be highly variable, making it difficult to manage blood pressure in aSAH patients, often leading to frequent dose interruptions. Nimodipine capsules are also difficult to administer, particularly to unconscious patients or those with impaired ability to swallow, while the oral liquid solution has tolerability challenges due to solubility limitations of nimodipine.

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GTx-104 is a clinical-stage, novel, injectable of nimodipine for IV infusion in aSAH patients. It uses surfactant micelles as the drug carrier to solubilize nimodipine. This unique nimodipine aqueous formulation is composed of a nimodipine base, an effective amount of polysorbate 80, a non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for injection. GTx-104 is supplied as an aqueous concentrate that upon dilution with saline, dextrose, or lactated ringer, is a ready-to-use infusion solution, which is stable and clear.

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A patented formulation that uses non-ionic surfactant micelles as the drug carrier to solubilize nimodipine

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Approximately 42,500 patients in the United States are affected by aSAH per year, based on market research, but claims analysis suggests incidence may be as high as approximately 70,000. Outside of the United States, annual cases of aSAH are estimated at approximately 60,000 in the European Union, and approximately 150,000 in China.

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Approximately 42,500 patients in the United States are affected by aSAH per year. Company sponsored third party market research including claims analysis suggests that aSAH incidence may be as high as approximately 70,000 per year in the United States. Outside of the United States, annual cases of aSAH are estimated at approximately 60,000 in the European Union, and approximately 150,000 in China.

Previous wording

We estimate that the total addressable market for aSAH is approximately $300 million in the U.S. There are an estimated 150,000 aSAH patients each year in China and approximately 60,000 patients in the European Union. The unmet needs in the treatment of aSAH and the potential of GTx-104 to address the limitations of the current standard of care were the subject of a Key Opinion Leader (“KOL”) event we hosted in November 2024. In an independent market research survey we conducted of hospital administrators, critical and neuro intensive care physicians at institutions with Comprehensive or Advanced Stroke Center certification who are involved in purchasing decisions for their institutions/units, respondents reported 80% likelihood of adopting an IV formulation of nimodipine (GTx-104), assuming 100% bioavailability, better safety, no food effects, effective hypotension management, potential hospital value and patient value.

Current wording

The unmet needs in the treatment of aSAH patients and the potential of GTx-104 to address the limitations of the current standard of care were the subject of a Key Opinion Leader event we hosted in November 2024. In an independent market research survey we conducted of hospital administrators and critical and neuro intensive care physicians at institutions with Comprehensive or Advanced Stroke Center certification who are involved in purchasing decisions for their institutions/units, respondents reported 80% likelihood of adopting an IV formulation of nimodipine, assuming 100% bioavailability, better safety, no food effects, effective hypotension management, potential hospital value and patient value.

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GTx-104 Pivotal Phase 3 STRIVE-ON Randomized Safety Trial

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Pivotal Phase 3 STRIVE-ON Randomized Safety Trial

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The STRIVE-ON trial was a prospective, randomized open-label trial of GTx-104 compared with oral nimodipine in patients hospitalized with aSAH. 50 patients were administered GTx-104 and 52 patients received oral nimodipine. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with at least one episode of clinically significant hypotension reasonably considered to be caused by the drug, and additional endpoints included safety, clinical, and pharmacoeconomic outcomes. Each patient was evaluated for up to 90 days inclusive of the 21-day treatment period. There was a higher proportion of the most severe cases of aSAH (Hunt & Hess Grade V) with the worst prognosis in the GTx-104 arm (8%) compared to the oral nimodipine arm (2%).

Current wording

The STRIVE-ON trial was a prospective, randomized open-label Phase 3 trial of GTx-104 compared with oral nimodipine in patients hospitalized with aSAH. 50 patients were administered GTx-104 and 52 patients received oral nimodipine. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with at least one episode of clinically significant hypotension reasonably considered to be caused by the drug, and additional endpoints included safety, clinical, and pharmacoeconomic outcomes. Each patient was evaluated for up to 90 days inclusive of the 21-day treatment period. There was a higher proportion of the most severe cases of aSAH (Hunt & Hess Grade V) with the worst prognosis in the GTx-104 arm (8%) compared to the oral nimodipine arm (2%).

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The trial met its primary endpoint, with patients receiving GTx-104 observed to have a 19% reduction in at least one incidence of clinically significant hypotension compared to oral nimodipine (28% versus 35%). Other measures also favored or were comparable to GTx-104, including:

Current wording

On September 25, 2024, we announced the completion of enrollment in our Phase 3 STRIVE-ON trial for GTx-104. On February 10, 2025, we announced the trial met its primary endpoint and provided evidence of clinical benefit for GTx-104 compared to orally administered nimodipine. Patients receiving GTx-104 were observed to have a 19% reduction in at least one incidence of clinically significant hypotension compared to oral nimodipine (28% versus 35%). Other measures also favored or were comparable to GTx-104, including:

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We believe these data validate the GTx-104 value proposition and we plan to submit an NDA to the FDA in the first half of calendar year 2025. If approved, GTx-104 has the potential to address significant challenges with oral nimodipine administration and may transform the standard of care for patients with aSAH.

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We believe these data validate the GTx-104 value proposition. If approved, GTx-104 has the potential to address significant challenges with oral nimodipine administration and may transform the standard of care for patients with aSAH.

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In September 2021, we initiated our pivotal PK bridging trial to evaluate the relative bioavailability of GTx-104 compared to currently marketed oral nimodipine capsules in approximately 50 healthy subjects. The PK trial was the next required step in our proposed 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for GTx-104.

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In September 2021, we initiated our pharmacokinetic (“PK”) bridging trial to evaluate the relative bioavailability of GTx-104 compared to currently marketed oral nimodipine capsules in approximately 50 healthy subjects. This PK trial established the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for GTx-104.

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Final results from this pivotal PK trial were reported in May 2022, and showed that the bioavailability of GTx-104 compared favorably with the oral formulation of nimodipine in all subjects, and no serious adverse events were observed for GTx-104.

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Final results from this PK trial were reported in May 2022, and showed that the bioavailability of GTx-104 compared favorably with the oral formulation of nimodipine in all subjects, and no serious adverse events were observed for GTx-104.

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All endpoints indicated that statistically there was no difference in exposures between GTx-104 and oral nimodipine over the defined time periods for both maximum exposure and total exposure. Plasma concentrations obtained following IV administration showed significantly less variability between subjects as compared to oral administration of capsules, since IV administration is not as sensitive to some of the physiological processes that affect oral administration, such as taking the drug with and without meals, variable gastrointestinal transit time, variable drug uptake from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, and variable hepatic blood flow and hepatic first pass metabolism. Previous studies have shown these processes significantly affect the oral bioavailability of nimodipine, and therefore cause oral administration to be prone to larger inter- and intra-subject variability.

Current wording

In this trial, all endpoints indicated that statistically there was no difference in exposures between GTx-104 and oral nimodipine over the defined time periods for both maximum exposure and total exposure. Plasma concentrations obtained following IV administration showed significantly less variability between subjects as compared to oral administration of capsules because IV administration is not as sensitive to some of the physiological processes that affect oral administration, such as taking the drug with and without meals, variable gastrointestinal transit time, variable drug uptake from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, and variable hepatic blood flow and hepatic first pass metabolism. Previous studies have shown these processes significantly affect the oral bioavailability of nimodipine, and therefore cause oral administration to be prone to larger inter- and intra-subject variability.

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The bioavailability of oral nimodipine capsules observed was only approximately 7% compared to 100% for GTx-104. Consequently, about one-twelfth the amount of nimodipine is delivered with GTx-104 to achieve comparable pharmacokinetics as with the oral capsules. This data is presented in the chart below.

Current wording

The bioavailability of oral nimodipine capsules observed was only approximately 7% compared to 100% for GTx-104. Consequently, about one-twelfth the amount of nimodipine is delivered with GTx-104 to achieve comparable PKs as with the oral capsules. This data is presented in the chart below.

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A-T is diagnosed through a combination of clinical assessment (especially neurologic and oculomotor deficits), laboratory analysis, and genetic testing. There is no known treatment to slow disease progression, and treatments that are used are strictly aimed at controlling the symptoms (e.g., physical, occupational or speech therapy for neurologic issues), or conditions secondary to the disease (e.g., antibiotics for lung infections, chemotherapy for cancer, etc.). There are no FDA-approved therapeutic options currently available. Patients typically die by age 25 from complications of lung disease or cancer. According to a third-party report we commissioned, A-T affects approximately 4,300 patients per year in the United States and has a potential total addressable market of $150 million, based on the number of treatable patients in the United States.

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There is no known treatment to slow disease progression, and treatments that are used are strictly aimed at controlling the symptoms (or conditions secondary to the disease. There are no FDA-approved therapeutic options currently available. Patients typically die by age 25 from complications of lung disease or cancer.

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The further clinical development of GTx-102 has been deprioritized in favor of our focus on development of GTx-104. However, we received FDA’s written responses to our GTx-102 End of Phase 1 meeting request where FDA made recommendations on the path toward an NDA. They provided guidance on the design of a single pivotal efficacy and safety trial, including the neurological assessment scale for the primary endpoint, that could, with appropriate confirmatory evidence, support an NDA. We plan to collaborate with our scientific advisory board and FDA (via Type C meeting) on the design of a potential pivotal efficacy and safety trial and will determine the next steps after that time. Further clinical development work will be contingent on additional funding for GTx-102 or the signing of a strategic partnership. It is also possible that we may license or sell our GTx-102 drug candidate.

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On February 13, 2025, we announced FDA’s written responses to our GTx-102 End of Phase 1 meeting request where FDA made recommendations on the path toward an NDA. They provided guidance on the design of a single pivotal efficacy and safety trial, including the neurological assessment scale for the primary endpoint, that could, with appropriate confirmatory evidence, support an NDA. We plan to collaborate with our scientific advisory board and FDA (via Type C meeting) on the design of a potential pivotal efficacy and safety trial and will determine the next steps after that time. Further clinical development work will be contingent on additional funding for GTx-102 or the signing of a strategic partnership. It is also possible that we may license or sell our GTx-102 drug candidate.

Previous wording

GTx-101 is a non-narcotic, topical bio-adhesive film-forming bupivacaine spray designed to ease the symptoms of patients suffering with postherpetic neuralgia (“PHN”). GTx-101 is administered via a metered-dose of bupivacaine spray and forms a thin bio-adhesive topical film on the surface of the patient’s skin, which enables a touch-free, non-greasy application. It also comes in convenient, portable 30 ml plastic bottles. Unlike oral gabapentin and lidocaine patches which are used for the treatment of PHN, we believe that the biphasic delivery mechanism of GTx-101 has the potential for rapid onset of action and continuous pain relief for up to eight hours. No skin sensitivity was reported in a Phase 1 trial.

Current wording

GTx-101 is a non-narcotic, topical bio-adhesive film-forming bupivacaine spray designed to ease the symptoms of patients suffering with PHN. GTx-101 is administered via a metered-dose of bupivacaine spray and forms a thin bio-adhesive topical film on the surface of the patient’s skin, which enables a touch-free, non-greasy application. It also comes in convenient, portable 30 ml plastic bottles. Unlike oral gabapentin and lidocaine patches which are used for the treatment of PHN, we believe that the biphasic delivery mechanism of GTx-101 has the potential for rapid onset of action and continuous pain relief for up to eight hours. No skin sensitivity was reported in a Phase 1 trial.

Previous wording

PHN is neuropathic pain due to damage caused by the varicella zoster virus (“VZV”). Infection with VZV causes two distinct clinical conditions. Primary VZV infection causes varicella (i.e., chickenpox), a contagious rash illness that typically occurs among young children. Secondary VZV can reactivate clinically, decades after initial infection, to cause herpes zoster (“HZ”), otherwise known as shingles. Acute HZ arises when dormant virus particles, persisting within an affected sensory ganglion from the earlier, primary infection with VZV become reactivated when cellular immunity to varicella decreases. Viral particles replicate and may spread to the dorsal root, into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and through peripheral sensory nerve fibers down to the level of the skin. Viral particles also may circulate in the blood. This reactivation is accompanied by inflammation of the skin, immune response, hemorrhage, and destruction of peripheral and central neurons and their fibers. Following such neural degeneration, distinct types of pathophysiological mechanisms involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems may give rise to the severe nerve pain associated with PHN.

Current wording

PHN is neuropathic pain due to damage caused by the varicella zoster virus (“VZV”). Infection with VZV causes two distinct clinical conditions. Primary VZV infection causes varicella (i.e., chickenpox), a contagious rash illness that typically occurs among young children. Secondary VZV can reactivate clinically, decades after initial infection, to cause herpes zoster (“HZ”), otherwise known as shingles. Acute HZ arises when dormant virus particles, persisting within an affected sensory ganglion from the earlier, primary infection with VZV become reactivated when cellular immunity to varicella decreases. Viral particles replicate and may spread to the dorsal root, into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and through peripheral sensory nerve fibers down to the level of the skin. Viral particles also may circulate in the blood. This reactivation is accompanied by inflammation of the skin, immune response, hemorrhage, and destruction of peripheral and central neurons and their fibers. Following such neural degeneration, distinct types of pathophysiological mechanisms involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems may give rise to the severe nerve pain associated with PHN. While the rash associated with HZ typically heals within two to four weeks, the pain may persist for months or even years, and this PHN manifestation is the most common and debilitating complication of HZ. There is currently no consensus definition for PHN, but it has been suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that PHN is best defined as pain lasting at least three months after resolution of the rash.

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Current treatment of PHN most often consists of oral gabapentin (first line) and prescription lidocaine patches or antidepressants (second line), and refractory cases may be prescribed opioids to address persistent pain. Gabapentin and opioid abuse have continued to proliferate, and lidocaine patches are suboptimal for many reasons. An independent third-party market research firm we commissioned interviewed more than 250 physicians who regularly treat PHN patients and found that approximately 40% of patients using lidocaine patches experience insufficient pain relief. Lidocaine patches are difficult to use, fall off, and look unsightly with possible skin sensitivity and irritation. Additionally, lidocaine patches can only be used for 12 hours and then need to be removed for 12 hours before being reapplied. Prescription lidocaine patches are only approved for PHN, and the market is currently made up of both branded and generic offerings. It is estimated that PHN affects approximately 120,000 patients per year in the United States. According to a third-party report, the total addressable market for GTx-101 could be as large as $2.5 billion, consisting of approximately $200 million for PHN pain and $2.3 billion for non-PHN pain indications.

Current wording

Current treatment of PHN most often consists of oral gabapentin (first line) and prescription lidocaine patches or antidepressants (second line), and refractory cases may be prescribed opioids to address persistent pain. Gabapentin and opioid abuse have continued to proliferate, and lidocaine patches are suboptimal for many reasons. An independent third-party market research firm we commissioned interviewed more than 250 physicians who regularly treat PHN patients and found that approximately 40% of patients using lidocaine patches experience insufficient pain relief. Lidocaine patches are difficult to use, fall off, and look unsightly with possible skin sensitivity and irritation. Additionally, lidocaine patches can only be used for 12 hours and then need to be removed for 12 hours before being reapplied. Prescription lidocaine patches are only approved for PHN, and the market is currently made up of both branded and generic offerings.

Previous wording

To date, we have conducted four Phase I trials in healthy volunteers to assess the PK, safety, and tolerability of GTx-101 and to determine the plasma levels of bupivacaine HCl administered as a single dose in various concentrations between 30 mg (three sprays) and 2100 mg (twenty sprays).

Current wording

To date, we have conducted four Phase I trials in healthy volunteers to assess the PK, safety, and tolerability of GTx-101 and to determine the plasma levels of bupivacaine hydrogen chloride administered as a single dose in various concentrations between 30 mg (three sprays) and 2100 mg (twenty sprays).

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These trials confirmed that bupivacaine delivered as a topical spray (GTx-101) is well absorbed through the skin, as demonstrated in the graph below, while very little is absorbed systemically.

Current wording

These trials demonstrated that GTx-101 is well absorbed through the skin, as indicated in the graph below, while very little is absorbed systemically.

Previous wording

In all four trials, the administration of GTx-101 to healthy volunteers was safe and well tolerated. In addition, no evidence of skin irritation was observed at the application site following the spray administrations. The data below is from two separate trials of GTx-101 and the Lidoderm patch superimposed on each other.

Current wording

In all four trials, the administration of GTx-101 to healthy volunteers was safe and well tolerated. In addition, no evidence of skin irritation was observed at the application site following the spray administrations. The data below is from two separate trials superimposed on each other – one trial of GTx-101 and one trial of the Lidoderm patch.

Previous wording

We have worldwide commercialization rights for all our pipeline drug candidates and plan to maximize the value of each of our drug candidates over time. Currently, we have prioritized the development of GTx-104 over that of GTx-102 and GTx-101. If we receive regulatory approval for GTx-104 in the U.S., we plan to commercialize GTx-104 with a highly experienced and targeted hospital-based sales force. We may further seek commercial partnerships to fully exploit the market potential of GTx-104 in territories outside the U.S. It is possible that we out-license or sell GTx-102 and/or GTx-101 for the U.S. and/or global markets.

Current wording

We have worldwide commercialization rights for all our pipeline drug candidates and plan to maximize the value of each of our drug candidates over time. Currently, we have prioritized the development of GTx-104 over that of GTx-102 and GTx-101. If we receive regulatory approval for GTx-104 in the U.S., we plan to commercialize GTx-104 with a highly experienced and targeted hospital-based sales force. We may seek commercial partnerships to fully exploit the market potential of GTx-104 in the U.S. and in territories outside the U.S. It is possible that we out-license or sell GTx-102 and/or GTx-101 for the U.S. and/or global markets.

Previous wording

Our assets as of December 31, 2024, include cash and cash equivalents totaling $11.1 million and intangible assets and goodwill totaling $49.3 million. Our current liabilities total $2.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and are comprised primarily of amounts due to or accrued for creditors.

Current wording

Our assets as of June 30, 2025 include cash and cash equivalents of $20,005 and intangible assets and goodwill of $49,266. Our current liabilities of $2,315 as of June 30, 2025 were comprised primarily of amounts due to or accrued for creditors.

Previous wording

In February 2025, we completed a private placement of Company securities with certain institutional and accredited investors. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $13.8 million. Refer to Note 11, Subsequent events, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this document for additional information. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to sustain planned operations through at least 12 months from the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

In February 2025, we completed a private placement of Company securities with certain institutional and accredited investors. Net proceeds to the Company were $13,705. Refer to Note 6, Stockholders’ Equity - 2025 Private Placement, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this document for additional information. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to sustain planned operations through at least 12 months from the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Results of Operations for the three and the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

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The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

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The net loss of $4.2 million, or $0.36 per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2024, increased by $1.8 million from the net loss of $2.4 million, or $0.21 per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase in net loss was primarily due to a $1.3 million difference in the change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities, an increase in research and development expenses of $751 and a decrease in our interest income of $178, offset in part by a $397 increase in our income tax benefit.

Current wording

The net loss of $3,362, or $0.21 per share, for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $745 from the net loss of $2,617, or $0.24 per share, for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in net loss was primarily due to a $1,882 difference in the change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities, a $30 decrease in interest and other income, net, and a $724 decrease in income tax benefit, partially offset by a $1,753 decrease in research and development expenses and a $120 decrease in general and administrative expenses.

Previous wording

fees paid to external service providers such as CROs and CMOs related to clinical trials, including contractual obligations for clinical development, clinical sites, manufacturing and scale-up, and formulation of clinical drug supplies;

Current wording

fees paid to external service providers such as CROs and CMOs related to clinical trials, including contractual obligations for clinical development, clinical sites, manufacturing, and scale-up, and formulation of clinical drug supplies; and

Previous wording

salaries and related expenses for research and development personnel, including expenses related to stock options.

Current wording

salaries and related expenses for research and development personnel, including expenses related to equity compensation.

Previous wording

Our research and development during the three and the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was focused primarily on our clinical development program for our GTx-104 drug candidate.

Current wording

Our research and development during the three months ended June 30, 2025 were focused primarily on completing the clinical development program for our GTx-104 drug candidate and preparation and submission of our GTx-104 NDA to the FDA. Our research and development during the three months ended June 30, 2024 were focused primarily on our clinical development program for our GTx-104 drug candidate.

Previous wording

1 Total third-party research and development expenses are calculated before salaries and benefits, depreciation, write-off of equipment and stock-based compensation.

Current wording

1 Total third-party research and development expenses are calculated before salaries and benefits and stock-based compensation.

Previous wording

For the three months ended December 31, 2024, interest and other income was $138, a decrease by $178 compared to $316 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to withdrawals of short-term investments upon their maturity used to fund operations, as well as a decrease in interest rates.

Current wording

Interest and other income, net was $205 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $235 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $30 decrease in our interest and other income was due to withdrawals of short-term investments upon their maturity used to fund operations, and a decrease in interest rates.

Previous wording

Cash flows and financial condition for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Current wording

Cash flows and financial condition for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024