NU SKIN ENTERPRISES INC

Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company, with Nu Skin being the primary operating unit. Nu Skin develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative beauty and wellness products that are sold worldwide primarily under the Nu Skin, Pharmanex and ageLOC brands. The Company reports revenue from nine segments, consisting of itsseven geographic Nu Skin segments—Americas, which includes Canada, Latin America and the United States; Southeast Asia/Pacific, which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, and other markets; Mainland China; Japan; Europe and Africa, which includes markets in Europe as well as South Africa; South Korea; and Hong Kong/Taiwan, which also includes Macau—andtwo Rhyz segments—Manufacturing, which includes manufacturing and packaging subsidiaries it has acquired; and Rhyz Other, which includes other investments by its Rhyz business arm (the Company’s subsidiaries operating within each segment are collectively referred to as the “Subsidiaries”).

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of these financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), required management to make estimates and assumptions that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current presentation. The Company reclassified $25.6 million and $13.5 million ofinterest expense from other income (expense), net to theinterest expense line on the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively. The reclassification had no impact on net income for fiscal year 2023 or 2022. The Company reclassified certain amounts in the consolidated balance sheet for December 31, 2023, see Note 3 “Held for Sale” for more information.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable represents amounts owed to us through our operating activities and are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable for core Nu Skin consists primarily of credit card receivables, while accounts receivable for our Rhyz businesses consists primarily of trade receivables from customer sales. For the Company’s trade receivables from its Rhyz customers, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses represents the Company’s best estimate based on current and historical information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances.

Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of standard cost or net realizable value, using a standard cost method which approximates the first-in, first-out method. The Company had reserves of its inventory carrying value totaling $84.0 million and $83.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Inventories consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Reserves of inventories consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Prepaid expense and other

Prepaid expenses and other consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When an asset is sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and associated accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statement of income. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, accrued expenses and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in other assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill is recorded when the cost of acquired businesses exceeds the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are assessed for impairment annually on October 1. In addition, impairment testing is conducted when events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives would be written down to fair value if considered impaired. Guidance under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other(“ASC 350”), requires an entity to test goodwill for impairment on at least an annual basis. The Company had the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary or to perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Under the qualitative assessment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If under the quantitative assessment the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured. In fiscal years 2022 and 2024 a quantitative assessment was performed. In fiscal year 2023, the Company elected to perform the qualitative assessment, and determined that it was not more likely than not the carrying value exceeded the fair value of the reporting units. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized to their estimated residual values over such finite lives using the straight-line method and reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances warrant such a review.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company determined that the continued decline in the Company’s stock price and corresponding decrease in market capitalization as well as declines in some of the Company’s reporting units’ forecasts were triggering events that required the Company to perform a quantitative impairment analysis for all reporting units. Based on the analysis, the Company concluded the estimated fair values of certain of its reporting units were less than their carrying values of equity as June 30, 2024. As a result, the Company recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $130.9 million within restructuring and impairment expenses on the consolidated statement of income during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The impairment charges were $9.4 million for the Americas segment, $32.2 million for the Mainland China segment, $18.5 million for the Southeast Asia/Pacific segment, $16.0 million for the Japan segment, $29.3 million for the South Korea segment, $2.9 million for the Europe & Africa segment, $6.6 million for the Hong Kong/Taiwan segment and $15.9 million for the BeautyBio reporting unit within the Rhyz Other segment. As part of the Company’s impairment analysis, the fair values of the reporting units were determined using the income approach. The income approach used level 3 inputs and utilized management estimates related to revenue growth rates, profitability margins, estimated future cash flows and discount rates.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company determined that the continued decline in the Company’s stock price and corresponding decrease in market capitalization were a triggering event that required the Company to perform a quantitative impairment analysis for the Manufacturing and Rhyz Other reporting units. Based on the analysis, the Company concluded the fair value of the Manufacturing and Rhyz Other reporting units were in excess of their carrying amounts andno impairment charge was required at that time.

Equity investments

The Company holds strategic investments in other companies. These investments are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities (“ASC 321”) for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The Company does not exercise significant influence over these companies. These investments are carried on the consolidated balance sheets within Other Assets. Changes in fair value based on impairments or resulting from observable price changes are recorded in Other Income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. See Note 11 – Fair Value and Equity Investments, for further details around the Company’s equity investments.

Other assets

Other assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Other liabilities

Other liabilities consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Revenue recognition

Net sales include products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns and any related sales incentives. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products. All revenue is recognized when we satisfy our performance obligations under the contract. The Company recognizes revenue by transferring the promised products to the customer, with revenue recognized at shipping point, the point in time the customer obtains control of the products. The Company recognizes revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the products are delivered to or picked up by the customer. A reserve for product returns is accrued based on historical experience totaling $5.5 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded sales returns of $36.7 million, $34.7 million and $31.6 million, respectively. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and are short term in nature. Sales taxes and value added taxes in foreign jurisdictions that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales.

Contract Liabilities – Customer Loyalty Programs

Contract liabilities, recorded as deferred revenue within the accrued expenses line in the consolidated balance sheets, include loyalty point program deferrals with certain customers which are accounted for as a reduction in the transaction price and are generally recognized as points are redeemed for additional products.

The balance of deferred revenue related to contract liabilities was $7.8 million and $12.6 million as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The contract liabilities impact to revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was an increase of $4.8 million, $6.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Please refer to Note 16 - Segment Information for revenue by segment and product line.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers for individual products sales to customers.

Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs are recorded as cost of sales and are expensed as incurred.

Advertising expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Advertising expense incurred for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled $17.4 million, $18.0 million and $14.5 million, respectively.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses are the Company’s most significant expense and are classified as operating expenses. Selling expenses include commissions the Company pays to its Brand Affiliates, as well as salaries, service fees, benefits, bonuses and other labor and unemployment expenses the Company pays to its sales force in Mainland China. Selling expenses do not include amounts the Company pays to its sales force based on their personal purchases; rather, such amounts are reflected as reductions to revenue. The term “Brand Affiliates” refers to members of the Company’s independent sales force in all of the Company’s markets besides Mainland China. In each of the Company’s markets, except Mainland China, Sales Leaders can earn “multi-level” compensation under the Company’s global sales compensation plan, including commissions for product sales to their consumer groups as well as the product sales made through the sales network they have developed and trained. The Company does not pay commissions on sales materials.

Outside of Mainland China, the Company’s Brand Affiliates may make profits by purchasing the products from the Company at a discount and selling them to consumers with a mark-up. The Company does not account for nor pay additional commissions on these mark-ups received by Brand Affiliates. In many markets, the Company also allows individuals who are not members of its sales force, referred to as “preferred customers,” to buy products directly from the Company at a discount. The Company pays commissions on preferred customer purchases to the referring member of its sales force.

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and totaled $13.0 million, $22.6 million and $23.3 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Codification. These standards establish financial accounting and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprise’s activities during the current and preceding years. The Company takes an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. The Company pays income taxes in many foreign jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions between the Company and its foreign affiliates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in this process. The Company has netted these deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by jurisdiction. These deferred tax assets assume sufficient future earnings will exist for their realization and are calculated using anticipated tax rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized.

Uncertain tax positions

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. In 2009, we entered into a voluntary program with the IRS called Compliance Assurance Process (“CAP”). Under the CAP program, the IRS audits the tax position of the Company to identify and resolve any tax issues that may arise throughout the tax year. In 2022, the IRS developed a new phase called “Bridge Plus.” Under Bridge Plus the taxpayer is required to provide book-to-tax reconciliations, credit utilization and other supporting documentation shortly after their audited financial statement is finalized. The company was selected for Bridge Plus phase for the 2023, 2024, and 2025 tax years. As of December 31, 2024, all open tax years except 2021 have been audited and are effectively closed to further examination. For the tax year 2021, the Company was in the Bridge phase of the CAP program, pursuant to which the IRS did not accept disclosures, did not conduct reviews and did not provide letters of assurance for the year. There are limited circumstances that tax years in the Bridge phase will be opened for examination. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for the years before 2021. Foreign jurisdictions have varying lengths of statutes of limitations for income tax examinations. Some statutes are as short asthree years and in certain markets may be as long asten years. The Company is currently under examination in certain foreign jurisdictions; however, the outcomes of those reviews are not yet determinable.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits included in other liabilities is as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

At December 31, 2024, the Company had $25.9 million in unrecognized tax benefits of which $25.9 million, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. In comparison, at December 31, 2023, the Company had $22.0 million in unrecognized tax benefits of which $22.0 million, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits relate to multiple foreign and domestic jurisdictions. Due to potential changes in unrecognized tax benefits from the multiple jurisdictions in which the Company operates, as well as the expiration of various statutes of limitation, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, net of foreign currency adjustments, may decrease within the next 12 months by a range of approximately $1.0 to $2.0 million.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.7 million, $0.6 million and $5.7 million, respectively in interest and penalties expenses related to uncertain tax positions. The Company had $13.7 million, $13.0 million and $12.4 million of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of income tax expense.

Net income per share

Net income per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the periods presented (Note 9).

Foreign currency translation

A significant portion of the Company’s business operations occurs outside of the United States. The local currency of each of the Company’s Subsidiaries is considered its functional currency, except for the Company’s subsidiaries in Singapore and countries deemed highly inflationary where the U.S. dollar is used. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates and stockholders’ equity is recorded at historical exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets and transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of income. Net of tax, the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the foreign currency translation adjustments are $128.4 million (net of tax of $7.8 million), $110.0 million (net of tax of $7.4 million), and $102.0 million (net of tax of $8.1 million), at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Classification of a highly inflationary economy

A market is considered to have a highly inflationary economy if it has a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100% or more over a three-year period as well as other qualitative factors including historic inflation rate trends (increasing and decreasing), the capital intensiveness of the operation and other pertinent economic factors. The functional currency in highly inflationary economies is required to be the functional currency of the entity’s parent company, and transactions denominated in the local currency are remeasured to the functional currency. The remeasurement of local currency into U.S. dollars creates foreign currency transaction gains or losses, which the Company includes in its consolidated statements of income.

In the second quarter of 2018, published inflation indices indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation in Argentina exceeded 100 percent, and as of July 1, 2018, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our subsidiary in Argentina. Under highly inflationary accounting, Argentina’s functional currency became the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet have been measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities has been reflected in earnings in other income (expense), net and was not material. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Argentina had a small net peso monetary position. Net sales of Argentina were less than 2 percent of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company’s current investments as of December 31, 2024 include certificates of deposits and other investments with maturity dates within the next 12-months. The carrying value of these current investments approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of debt was $395.0 million and $505.0 million, respectively. The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated using level 2 inputs based on interest rates available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

The FASB Codification defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. On a quarterly basis, the Company measures at fair value certain financial assets, including cash equivalents. Accounting standards specify a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Accounting standards permit companies, at their option, to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The Company has elected not to apply the fair value option to existing eligible items.

Stock-based compensation

All share-based payments, including grants of stock options and restricted stock units, are required to be recognized in the Company’s financial statements based upon their respective grant date fair values. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options. The determination of the fair value of stock options is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company uses historical volatility as the expected volatility assumption required in the Black-Scholes model. The expected life of the stock options is based on historical data trended into the future. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected terms of the Company’s stock options. The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of its stock on the date of grant less the Company’s expected dividend yield. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation net of actual forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award.

The total compensation expense related to equity compensation plans was $14.8 million, $15.6 million and $12.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2024, 2023 and 2022, these amounts reflect the reversal of $0, $0, and $1.3, respectively, for certain performance-based awards that were no longer expected to vest. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, all stock-based compensation expense was recorded within general and administrative expenses.

Reporting comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, and it includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Derivative instruments and hedging activities

FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance in ASU 2011-04, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280):Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, expanding segment disclosure requirements. The amendments require enhanced disclosure for certain segment items and required disclosure on how management uses reported measures to assess segment performance. The amendments do not change how segments are determined, aggregated, or how thresholds are applied to determine reportable segments. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 beginning with their 2024 annual reporting, through retrospective application.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The guidance requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standardized categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on their financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220). This standard requires disclosure of specific information about costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on their financial statement disclosures.

Assets and liabilities to be disposed of by sale are classified as “held for sale” if their carrying amounts are principally expected to be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. The classification occurs when the disposal group is available for immediate sale and the sale is probable. These criteria are generally met when an agreement to sell exists, or management has committed to a plan to sell the assets within one year. Disposal groups are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and long-lived assets included within the disposal group are not depreciated or amortized. The fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any remeasurement to the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell is reported as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group. When the net realizable value of a disposal group increases during a period, a gain can be recognized to the extent that it does not increase the value of the disposal group beyond its original carrying value when the disposal group was reclassified as held for sale.

On January 2, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its Mavely entity to Clout.io Holdings, Inc. for $230 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the purchase agreement, including post-closing determination of net working capital and other elements of the purchase price, and a number of shares of the purchaser’s common stock valued by the parties at $20 million.

As of December 31, 2024, the Mavely disposal group, consisting of $26.9 million of current assets, $22.2 million of long-term assets, $13.9 million of current liabilities and $1.3 million of long-term liabilities within the Company’s Rhyz Other segment, was classified as “Current assets held for sale”, “Long-term assets held for sale”, “Current liabilities held for sale” and “Long-term liabilities held for sale” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In January 2025, the Company used a portion of the sale proceeds to make a $115.0 million payment on its Credit Agreement term loan facility. The Company determined that as of December 31, 2024, the disposal group met the criteria for classification as held for sale but did not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations. The Company recognized income (loss) before provision for income taxes for the Mavely disposal group of $9.0 million, $(7.7) million and $(6.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The total assets and liabilities of the Mavely disposal group that have met the classification of held for sale in the Company’s Consolidated Balance sheet are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Property and equipment are comprised of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Depreciation of property and equipment totaled $56.2 million, $57.7 million and $61.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded impairments of $36.6 million and $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2022, respectively, in connection with our 2023 and 2022 restructuring plans, see Note 20 – Restructuring and Severance Charges.

The Company’s reporting units for goodwill are its operating segments, which are also its reportable segments, with the exception of Rhyz Other. The Rhyz Other segment is made up oftwo reporting units, which had goodwill of $0 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2024, and $19.6 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments for the periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Accumulated impairment charges as of December 31, 2024 were $9.4 million for the Americas segment, $18.5 million for the Southeast Asia/Pacific segment, $32.2 million for the Mainland China segment, $16.0 million for the Japan segment, $29.3 million for the South Korea segment, $2.9 million for the Europe & Africa segment, $6.6 million for the Hong Kong/Taiwan segment and $19.6 million for the Rhyz Other segment. There wereno accumulated impairment charges as of December 31, 2023.

All of the Company’s goodwill is recorded in U.S. dollar functional currency and allocated to the respective segments. Goodwill is not amortized; rather, it is subject to annual impairment tests.

Other intangible assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Amortization of finite-life intangible assets totaled $12.3 million, $11.9 million and $9.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The estimated annual amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, rather they are subject to annual impairment tests. Finite life intangibles are amortized over their useful lives. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when performance expectations, events or change in circumstances indicate that the assets’ carrying value may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to the net undiscounted cash flows. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable, any potential impairment is measured based upon the fair value of the related asset group.

During the second quarter of 2024, based on continued losses and change in forecasted losses associated with the BeautyBio retail asset group within the Rhyz Other segment, the Company concluded that these factors were an interim triggering event. As a result, the Company performed an interim impairment test of the asset group and assessed the recoverability of the related asset group by comparing the carrying value of the retail asset group to the net undiscounted cash flow expected to be generated. The recoverability test indicated that the retail asset group was impaired. The Company concluded the retail asset group’s carrying value exceeded its estimated fair value, which was determined utilizing the discounted projected future cash flows, which resulted in an impairment charge. The estimated fair value was based on expected future cash flows using level 3 inputs and utilized management estimates related to revenue growth rates, profitability margins and discount rates. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $10.1 million for its Rhyz Other segment during the three months ended June 30, 2024 within restructuring and impairment expenses on the consolidated statement of income. The retail asset group has a remaining carrying value of $2.3 million with a remaining amortization period of approximately 9 years.

During 2022, the Company recorded a $1.7 million impairment charge for other intangibles associated with our 2022 restructuring plan.

Credit Agreement

On June 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with several financial institutions as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, which amended and restated the 2018 Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a $400 million term loan facility and a $500 million revolving credit facility, each with a term offive years. Both facilities bear interest at the SOFR, plus a margin based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. Commitment fees payable under the Credit Agreement are also based on the consolidated leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement and range from 0.175% to 0.30% on the unused portion of the total lender commitments then in effect. The term loan facility amortizes in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 2.5% during the first year and 5.0% during the second, third, fourth and fifth years after the closing date of the Credit Agreement, with the remainder payable at final maturity. The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and collateralized by assets of such subsidiaries, including a pledge of 65% of the capital stock of certain foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio not exceeding 2.75 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

The following table summarizes the Company’s debt facilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Maturities of all long-term debt at December 31, 2024, are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The Company has operating and finance leases for regional offices, manufacturing facilities, retail centers, distribution centers and certain equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 13 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 20 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.

As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term was 7.2 and 4.8 years for operating and finance leases, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average discount rate was 3.5% and 6.6% for operating and finance leases, respectively.

The components of lease expense were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The Company has additional lease liabilities of $2.1 million which have not yet commenced as of December 31, 2024, and as such, have not been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 25 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share,500 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 100 million shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there wereno preferred or Class B common shares outstanding. Each share of Class A common stock entitles the holder toone vote on matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Stock dividends of Class A common stock may be paid only to holders of Class A common stock. Class A common stock has no conversion rights.

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

The following is a reconciliation of the weighted-average common shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands):

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, other stock options totaling 1.5 million,1.8 million and 0.1 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.

Dividends

Quarterly cash dividends for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled $11.9 million, $77.6 million and $77.0 million or $0.06 per share in all quarters of 2024, $0.39 in all quarters of 2023 and $0.385 in all quarters of 2022. The board of directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share of Class A common stock to be paid on March 5, 2025 to stockholders of record on February 24, 2025.

Repurchases of common stock

In July 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved a stock repurchase plan with an authorization amount of $500 million. The repurchases are used primarily for strategic initiatives and to offset dilution from the Company’s equity incentive plans. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company purchasedno shares. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased 0.6 million and 1.7 million shares under the 2018 plan for $13.0 million and $70.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, $162.4 million was available for repurchases under the 2018 stock repurchase plan.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had the following stock-based employee compensation plans:

Equity Incentive Plans

In April 2010, the Company’s board of directors approved the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan”). This plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in May 2010. The 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan provides for granting of a variety of equity-based awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other share-based awards, performance cash, performance shares and performance units to executives, other employees and independent consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as directors of the Company. Options granted under the 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan are generally non-qualified stock options, but the 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan permits some stock options granted to qualify as “incentive stock options” under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The exercise price of a stock option generally is equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the stock option grant date. The contractual term of a stock option granted under the 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan isseven years. Currently, all shares issued upon the exercise of stock options are from the Company’s treasury shares. Subject to certain adjustments,7.0 million shares were authorized for issuance under the 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan. In June 2013, the Company’s stockholders approved an Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which among other things increased the number of shares available for awards by 3.2 million shares. In May 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a Second Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which among other things increased the number of shares available for awards by 3.8 million shares. In June 2020, the Company’sstockholders approved a Third Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which among other things increased the number of shares available for awards by 5.9 million shares.

In April 2024, the Company’s board of directors approved the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan”). This plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in June 2024. The 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan provides for granting of a variety of equity-based awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other share-based awards, performance cash, performance shares and performance units to executives, other employees and independent consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as directors of the Company. Subject to certain adjustments, the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan was the sum of 1.2 million shares plus the number of shares which, as of the 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan’s effective date, were available for issuance under the Third Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Options under the plans as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the respective years and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2024. This amount varies based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.

Cash proceeds, tax benefits and intrinsic value related to total stock options exercised during 2024, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Nonvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Nonvested performance share units as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis, except for performance-based awards for which expense is recognized using a graded-attribution method if the results are materially different than the straight-line method. The Company recognized $13.3 million, $14.4 million and $14.3 million of expense related to service condition restricted stock units in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For performance stock options and performance stock units, an expense is recorded each period for the estimated expense associated with the projected achievement of the performance-based targets. The Company recognized $0, $0 and $2.0 million of income related to performance stock options in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $1.5 million, $1.2 million and $0 of expense related to performance stock units in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The amount in 2022 reflects the reversal of stock compensation for awards no longer expected to vest.

As of December 31, 2024, there wasno unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested stock option awards. As of December 31, 2024, there was $20.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

Fair Value

The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information.

The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The following methods and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of each class of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets:

Cash equivalents and current investments: Cash equivalents and current investments primarily consist of highly rated money market funds with maturities of three months or less, and are purchased daily at par value with specified yield rates. Due to the high ratings and short-term nature of the funds, the Company considers all cash equivalents and current investments as Level 1. Current investments include $1.4 million and $4.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that is restricted for the Company’s voluntary participation in a consumer protection cooperative in South Korea, along with investments in corporate securities.

Life insurance contracts: ASC 820 preserves practicability exceptions to fair value measurements provided by other applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP. The guidance in ASC 715-30-35-60 allows a reporting entity, as a practical expedient, to use cash surrender value or conversion value as an expedient for fair value when it is present. Accordingly, the Company determines the fair value of its life insurance contracts as the cash-surrender value of life insurance policies held in its Rabbi Trust as disclosed in Note 14, “Deferred Compensation Plan.”

Derivative financial instruments asset and liability: Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value based on observable market information and appropriate valuation methods. See Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information on derivative financial instruments.

Contingent consideration: Contingent consideration represents the obligations incurred in connection with acquisitions. The estimate of fair value of the contingent consideration obligations requires subjective assumptions to be made regarding the future business results, discount rates, discount periods and probabilities assigned to various potential business result scenarios and was determined using probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of reaching various targets or of achieving certain milestones. The fair value measurement is based on significant inputs unobservable in the market and thus represents a level 3 measurement. Changes in current expectations of progress could change the probability of achieving the targets within the measurement periods and result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation.

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 life insurance contracts (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 contingent consideration (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Equity Investments

The Company maintains equity investments in companies which are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321-10-35-2 for equity securities that lack readily determinable fair values. The carrying amount of equity securities held by the Company without readily determinable fair values was $28.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $18.1 million of upward fair value adjustments, based on the third quarter of 2021 valuation of additional equity issued by the investee which was deemed to be an observable transaction of a similar investment under ASC 321. The gain was recorded within other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of income. The upward fair value adjustment represents a nonrecurring fair value measurement based on observable price changes and is classified as a level 2 fair value measurement.

Consolidated income (loss) before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The provision (benefit) for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

At December 31, 2024, the Company had foreign operating loss carryforwards of $35.9 million for tax purposes, which will be available to offset future taxable income. If not used, $25.1 million of carryforwards will expire between 2025 and 2044, while $10.8 million do not expire. Tax effected, the foreign operating losses are $17.7 million. A valuation allowance has been placed on foreign operating loss carryforwards of $17.7 million. In addition, a valuation allowance of $6.6 million has been recorded on a portion of the foreign tax credit carryforwards which will expire between 2028 and 2034.

The Company uses the tax law ordering approach when determining when excess tax benefits have been realized.

Valuation allowances have been recognized for a portion of the foreign tax credit and all of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards. On January 2, 2025 the Company sold its subsidiary Mavely, which will affect its U.S. earnings. The gain from the sale in the U.S. will increase the Company’s ability to utilize foreign tax credits. As a result, the Company released $18.3 million of the valuation allowance against the Company’s foreign tax credits and the $2.3 million valuation allowance against R&D credits. The remaining valuation allowances were recognized for assets which it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary difference, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. When the Company determines that there is sufficient positive evidence to utilize the remaining foreign tax credits or the foreign net operating losses, the valuation allowance will be released which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The deferred tax asset valuation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The components of deferred taxes, net on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

The Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits may result in proposed assessments that may result in additional tax liabilities.

The actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 compared to the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:

The decrease in the effective tax rate for 2024 is primarily due to the company having an overall book loss but still paying taxes primarily in foreign jurisdictions. The increase in the Company’s effective tax rate for 2023 was primarily due to the Company incurring restructuring charges that primarily affected their U.S. earnings. These additional expenses in the U.S. reduced the Company’s ability to utilize foreign tax credits.

The cumulative amount of undistributed earnings of the Company’s non-U.S. Subsidiaries held for indefinite reinvestment is approximately $60.0 million, at December 31, 2024. If this amount were repatriated to the United States, the amount of incremental taxes would be approximately $6.0 million.

The Company has a 401(k) defined-contribution plan which permits participating employees to defer up to a maximum of 100% of their compensation, subject to limitations established by the IRS. Employees age 18 and older are eligible to contribute to the plan starting the first day of employment. After completing at leastone day of service, employees are eligible to receive matching contributions from the Company. In 2024, 2023, and 2022 the Company provided matching contributions of up to 4% of employees’ compensation each year. The Company’s matching contributions cliff vest aftertwo years of service. The Company recorded compensation expense of $4.0 million, $3.6 million and $3.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan. The Company may make additional discretionary contributions to the plan of up to 10% of employees’ base pay. The Company’s discretionary contributions vest 20% per year for an employee’s first five years of service. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company didnot make any additional discretionary contributions.

The Company has a deferred compensation plan for select management personnel, highly compensated employees, and members of the Company’s board of directors. Under this plan, the Company may make discretionary contributions to participants’ deferred compensation accounts; prior to 2021, the Company historically contributed 10% of base salaryfor participants above a specified job level. In addition, each participant has the option to defer a portion of their compensation up to a maximum of 80% of their base salary and 100% of their bonuses or director fees. Participant contributions are immediately vested. Company contributions madeon or prior to December 31, 2020 will vest 50% afterten years of service and 5% each year of service thereafter. In addition, any unvested company contributions will fully vest on the earlier of: (a) the participant attaining 60 years of age; and (b) death or disability.

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company amended its deferred compensation plan. Under the revision, the Company shall make matching contributions up to 5% of base salary for participants above a specified job level. The revision continues to authorize the Company to make discretionary contributions toparticipants’ deferred compensation accounts. In view of the opportunity to receive a 5% match, the Company reduced its discretionary contributions to 5% of base salary each year, though the Company is not obligated to make these contributions. Under the revision, the amounts contributed by the Company, adjusted for earnings and losses thereon, will vest 20% per year over five years, subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of certain events, including the completion of at leastten years of employment above a specified job level. All amounts a participant elects to defer, adjusted for earnings and losses thereon, are 100% vested at all times.

The Company recorded compensation expense of $(5.0) million, $2.8 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan. The total long-term deferred compensation liability under the deferred compensation plan was $43.0 million and $49.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan and is included in accrued expenses for anticipated payments within the next 12 months and the remainder in other long-term liabilities.

All benefits under the deferred compensation plan are unsecured obligations of the Company. The Company has contributed assets to a “rabbi trust” for the payment of benefits under the deferred compensation plan. As the assets of the trust are available to satisfy the claims of general creditors if the Company becomes insolvent, the amounts held in the trust are accounted for as an investment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets of $44.1 million and $45.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. During 2024, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and subsequently reclassified into interest expense/income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense/income as interest payments are made/received on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $4.7 million will be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company hadfour outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with a total notional amount of $200 million.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:

Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company reports revenue from nine segments, consisting of itsseven geographic Nu Skin segments—Americas, Southeast Asia/Pacific, Mainland China, Japan, Europe & Africa, South Korea, and Hong Kong/Taiwan—andtwo Rhyz segments—Manufacturing and Rhyz Other. The Nu Skin other category includes miscellaneous corporate revenue and related adjustments. The Rhyz Other segment incl udes two operating segments that are aggregated into one reporting segment and includes other investments by our Rhyz business arm. The Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). These segments reflect the way the CODM evaluates the Company’s business performance and allocates resources. Reported revenue includes only the revenue generated by sales to external customers.

Profitabilityby segment as determined under US GAAP is driven primarily by the Company’s transfer pricing policies. Segment contribution, which is the Company’s segment profitability metric presented in the table below, excludes certain intercompany charges, specifically royalties, license fees, transfer pricing, discrete charges and other miscellaneous items. These charges have been included in Corporate and other expenses. Corporate and other expenses also include costs related to the Company’s executive and administrative offices, information technology, research and development, and marketing and supply chain functions not recorded at the segment level.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on segment contribution. Each segment records direct expenses related to its employees and its operations.

In 2023, the Company adjusted how it allocates certain corporate overhead costs to the segments. The 2022 segment information has been recast to comply with current presentation. Consolidated financial information is not affected.

Effective June 2023, the Company closed its Israel market. As a result the Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) segment has been renamed Europe & Africa.

Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following tables. Asset information is not reviewed or included with the Company’s internal management reporting. Therefore, the Company has not disclosed asset information for each reportable segment.

Depreciation and Amortization

Capital Expenditures

Revenue by Major Market

A major market is defined as one with total revenue greater than 10% of consolidated total revenue. Based on this criteria, the Company has identified four major markets: Mainland China, South Korea, United States, and Japan. There are approximately 45 other markets, each of which individually is less than 10%. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of net sales for the periods presented. Sales are recorded in the jurisdiction in which the transactions occurred:

Revenue by Product Line

Long-Lived Assets by Major Market

A major market is defined as a market with long-lived assets greater than 10% of consolidated long-lived assets and also includes the Company’s country of domicile (the United States). Long-lived assets in Mainland China consist primarily of property, plant and equipment related to manufacturing, distribution facilities and the Mainland China headquarters. Long-lived assets in the United States consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, including the Company’s corporate offices and distribution facilities. Long-lived assets by major market are set forth below for the periods ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The Company is subject to government regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling and packaging, product claims and advertising, and the Company’s direct selling system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax and customs authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the Company’s sales force is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations. In addition, in any country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes, laws, rules or regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its operations. No assurance can be given that the Company’s compliance with applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by foreign authorities or that such challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company and its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation, investigations and other proceedings involving various matters. The Company is subject to loss contingencies, including various legal and regulatory proceedings, asserted and potential claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. An estimated loss from such contingencies is recognized as a charge to income if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

The Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company believes it has appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the calculation of its tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the Company’s reserves, which would impact its reported financial results.

Cash paid for interest totaled $35.3 million, $33.3 million and $14.5 million for the years ended December 31,2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes totaled $30.4 million, $32.4 million and $42.1 million for the years ended December 31,2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In April 2023, the Company acquired 60 percent of LifeDNA, Inc. (“LifeDNA”), a DNA assessment company. Consideration paid included $4.0 million of cash, along with the conversion of a previous $3.0 million Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”), and a $0.2 million convertible note. The acquisition enables the Company to continue to expand its digital tools. The Company allocated the fair value of $12.0 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $7.3 million of intangible assets, $1.7 million of cash, $0.1 million of current assets, $0.9 million of accrued liabilities and also resulted in a deferred tax liability of $0.9 million. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $4.7 million was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired comprised $0.6 million of customer relationships, $1.7 million of technology, $1.0 million of tradenames and $4.1 million of other intangibles. The intangibles were assigned useful lives of 7 years for the technology, tradenames and other intangibles, and 2 years for the customer relationships. All the goodwill was assigned to our Rhyz Other segment. The numbers above are stated net of measurement period adjustments recorded during the fourth quarter of 2023 of $1.1 million to deferred tax liability and goodwill. The allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition was finalized during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

In June 2023, the Company acquired 100 percent ownership in Beauty Biosciences, LLC (“BeautyBio”), making BeautyBio a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The acquisition expands the Company’s product and device offerings within its Rhyz segment. The purchase price for BeautyBio was $75.0 million, net of cash acquired of $1.5 million, all payable in cash. The Company allocated the gross purchase price of $76.5 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $43.0 million of intangible assets, $1.5 million of cash, $3.5 million of accounts receivable, $10.3 million of inventory, $0.8 million of prepaid and other assets, $1.0 million of fixed assets, $1.2 million of an ROU operating lease asset and corresponding lease liability, $2.5 million of accounts payable and accrued liabilities and also resulted in a deferred tax liability of $0.7 million. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $19.6 million was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired comprised $18.4 million of customer relationships, $2.3 million of technology, $20.9 million of tradenames and $1.4 million of other intangibles. The intangibles were assigned useful lives of approximately 19 years for the technology and tradenames, approximately 9 years for the customer relationships and 3 years for the other intangibles. All the goodwill was assigned to our Rhyz Other segment. The numbers above are stated net of measurement period adjustments recorded during the fourth quarter of 2023 of $(1.2) million toaccounts receivable, $(0.7) million of inventory, $(0.5) million of accrued liabilities, $0.7 million of deferred tax liability, $(0.3) of intangible assets and $2.4 million of goodwill. The allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition was finalized during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The financial results of LifeDNA and BeautyBio are included in the Rhyz Other segment from the date of acquisition. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company included $15.6 million and $10.6 million of revenue from these acquisitions, respectively. The unaudited pro forma revenue for the Company, including LifeDNA and BeautyBio, as if the acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2022, would have been $1,978.8 million and $2,254.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

In 2021, the Company determined to exit the Grow Tech segment to better align its resources on key strategic initiatives to achieve the future growth objectives and priorities of the core Nu Skin business. The Grow Tech segment was pursuing the commercialization of controlled-environment agriculture for use in the agriculture feed industry. This segment operated as part of the Company’s Rhyz strategic investment arm. As a result of the restructuring program, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $38.5 million in 2021, including $9.2 millionfor impairment of goodwill,$9.0 million for impairment ofintangibles, $13.7 million offixed asset impairments and $6.6 million for inventory write-off, and $20.0 million ofcash charges, including $6.5 million for employee severance and $13.5 million for other related cash charges with our restructuring. The restructuring charges were recorded in the Grow Tech segment. As of December 31, 2021, the $20.0 million liability related to cash charges was recorded within Accrued expenses. During 2022, the Company incurred $5.0 million in incremental cash charges associated with the exit activities and legal settlements. During 2022, the Company made cash payments of $20.0 million, leaving a restructuring accrual of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company paid this amount during 2023, leavingno restructuring accrual related to our exit of the Grow Tech segment as of December 31, 2023.

In thethird quarter of 2022, the Company adopted a strategic plan (“2022 Plan”) to focus resources on the Company’s strategic priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions and footprint optimization. The Company incurred total charges under the program of approximately $53.3 million, with$40.8 million in cash charges of severance and lease termination cost andapproximately $12.5 million of non-cash charges of impairment of fixed assets, acceleration of depreciation and impairment of other intangibles related to the footprint optimization. During 2022, the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of$20.1 million in severance charges,$7.4 million in lease termination cost, and$5.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of$8.2 million in fixed asset impairments,$0.9 million in accelerated depreciation and$1.7 million in impairment of other intangibles. During 2022, the Company made cash payments of$21.0 million related to this global program, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of$11.7 million. During 2023, the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of $4.0 million in severance charges, $1.9 million in lease termination cost, and $2.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $1.7 million in accelerated depreciation. In 2023, the Company made cash payments of $19.8 million, leavingno restructuring accrual related to this plan as of December 31, 2023.

Restructuring expense by segment – 2022 Plan

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company adopted another strategic plan (“2023 Plan”) to focus resources on the Company’s global priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions and fixed asset impairments associated with our consolidation of technology assets. Total charges under the program included approximately $27.9 million in cash charges of severance, approximately $1.0 million in other cash charges and approximately $38.8 million in non-cash charges, including approximately $36.6 million in fixed asset impairments. The Company has incurred all expected charges under the 2023 plan, and anticipates making the remaining payments in the first half of 2025. During the fourth quarter of 2023 the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of $10.0 million in severance charges. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company made cash payments of $0.3 million, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $9.7 million. During 2024, the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of $17.9 million in severance charges and $1.0 million of other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $36.6 million of fixed asset impairments and $2.2 million of other non-cash charges. During 2024, the Company made cash payments of $22.4 million, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $6.2 million.

Restructuring expense by segment – 2023 Plan

On January 2, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its Mavely entity to Clout.io Holdings, Inc. for $230 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the purchase agreement, including post-closing determination of net working capital and other elements of the purchase price, and a number of shares of the purchaser’s common stock valued by the parties at $20 million. Following the completion of certain payments to other equity holders in Mavely, the Company and its subsidiaries expect to retain approximately $201 million of cash, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the purchase agreement, and a number of shares of the purchaser’s common stock valued at $10 million. The Company expects to record a pre-tax gain on disposition which will be recorded in the first quarter of 2025 of approximately $170-$190 million, pending the finalization of the valuation.

On January 8, 2025, using a portion of the sale proceeds, the Company made a $115.0 million payment on its Credit Agreement term loan facility.