Marker Therapeutics, Inc.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 18, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Mar 18, 2026
MRKR$0.89-0.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-31.
0001410578-25-000549
Item 7. Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of OperationsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-18.
0001104659-26-031274
Item 7. Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 131 previous paragraphs and 112 current paragraphs.
65 unchanged; 31 reworded; 15 added; 28 removed; 7 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 32 previous and 29 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (15)
Current report
On June 16, 2025, Company entered into a Statement of Work (the “SOW”) with Cellipont Bioservices, a leading cell therapy Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization (“CDMO”), for the manufacturing of MT-601, the Company’s lead MAR-T cell product candidate. Pursuant to the SOW, Cellipont will provide technology transfer and cGMP manufacturing services to support the scale-up and production of MT-601 for the Company’s APOLLO study.
Current report
Between July 17 and 21, 2025, the Company sold 1,624,075 shares of common stock pursuant to our ATM Agreement, with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC, for net proceeds of $4.5 million, after deducting agent commissions, at an average price per share of $2.87 per share.
Current report
On August 26, 2025, the Company sold 3,734,217 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC for net proceeds of $5.4 million, after deducting agent commissions, at an average price of $1.48 per share.
Current report
On October 6, 2025, the Company announced that the first patient has been treated in the Off-the-Shelf (“OTS”) program, with encouraging preliminary safety data. The OTS program has the potential to provide a fast treatment option for patients with rapidly progressing diseases. The OTS product will be initially investigated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”) or myelodysplastic syndromes (“MDS”), with the potential to be expanded to other indications.
Current report
Effective November 1, 2025, Kathryn Penkus Corzo joined the Company’s Board of Directors.
Current report
The above funding agencies have agreed to continue their financial support and to shift funds to the MT-401-OTS program.
Current report
The following table summarizes grant income recorded for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, by grant:
Current report
(1) Both CPRIT grants are subject to certain revenue - sharing arrangements, as per the grant agreements (see Note 10).
Current report
Other Income
Current report
Other income was $0.1 million and nil for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was attributable to a state sales tax rebate from 2022.
Current report
Net Loss
Current report
Between July 17 and 21, 2025, the Company sold 1,624,075 shares of common stock pursuant to our ATM Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC for net proceeds of $4.5 million, after deducting agent commissions, at an average price of $2.87 per share.
Current report
On August 26, 2025, the Company sold 3,734,217 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC for net proceeds of $5.4 million, after deducting agent commissions, at an average price of $1.48 per share.
Current report
Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities
Current report
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. The new standard is intended to establish authoritative guidance on the accounting for government grants received by business entities and reduce diversity in practice. The amendments establish the timing and methods of recognition of both (1) a grant related to an asset and (2) a grant related to income. The amendments also require certain disclosures including the nature of the grant received, the accounting policies used to account for the grant, and significant terms and conditions for the grant. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The new guidance may be applied on a modified prospective basis, modified retrospective basis, or full retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-10 on its consolidated financial statements.
Removed paragraphs (28)
Previous report
In July 2021, we opened an in-house cGMP manufacturing facility in Houston, Texas, where we manufactured the clinical supply of our product candidates. Subsequently, on June 26, 2023, we completed a transaction with Cell Ready, LLC, or Cell Ready, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement, or the Cell Ready Purchase Agreement, dated May 1, 2023, by and between us and Cell Ready, pursuant to which we (i) assigned to Cell Ready the leases for our two manufacturing facilities in Houston, Texas, or the Manufacturing Facilities, (ii) sold to Cell Ready all of the equipment and leasehold improvements at the Manufacturing Facilities and (iii) assigned to Cell Ready our rights, title and interest in any contracts related to the equipment and Manufacturing Facilities (collectively referred to as the “Purchased Assets”). Following the closing of the Cell Ready Purchase Agreement, we no longer operate our own cGMP manufacturing facility and instead rely on third parties for the clinical and, once approved, commercial manufacture of our product candidates.
Previous report
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred $5.8 million and $1.3 million in expenses related to the Cell Ready services and manufacturing costs, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company paid $5.5 million related to Cell Ready invoices received.
Previous report
On March 21, 2025, the Company held a Special Meeting of Stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) at which the stockholders approved, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), of the issuance of the shares issuable upon exercise of (i) Series A Warrants to acquire 5,031,250 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Series B Warrants to acquire 3,247,445 shares of Common Stock.
Previous report
The decrease in general and administrative expenses of $3.2 million is mainly comprised of the following:
Previous report
In 2023, the Company implemented changes to its organizational structure due to the transaction with Cell Ready and to reduce operational costs. In connection with these changes, the Company reduced headcount, including the separation of its former Chief Executive Officer, Peter Hoang, in May 2023 and its former Chief Accounting Officer, Michael Loiacono, in June 2023. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $0.9 million of severance and termination-related costs. The payments of these costs were completed in July of 2023. Effective May 1, 2023, the Company’s board of directors appointed Dr. Juan Vera as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer.
Previous report
Effective June 30, 2023, the board of directors appointed Eliot M. Lurier as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, whereby Mr. Lurier provided consulting services to the Company pursuant to a consulting between the Company and Danforth Advisors, LLC (“Danforth”) and received no compensation directly from the Company. On November 17, 2023, the Company terminated the consulting agreement between the Company and Danforth, effective January 16, 2024.
Previous report
On November 17, 2023, Mr. Lurier ceased serving as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer and Dr. Vera was appointed as the Company’s Principal Financial and Accounting Officer.
Previous report
Net Loss from continuing operations
Previous report
Operating Activities
Previous report
There was no cash flow activity related to discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $6.1 million, which primarily related to our net loss from discontinued operations of $5.8 million, which is net of $2.5 million in revenue for which cash had been received in the prior period.
Previous report
Investing Activities
Previous report
There was no cash flow activity related to discontinued operations investing activity during the year ended December 31, 2024. Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $18.7 million primarily due to the proceeds from the Cell Ready transaction, net of transaction costs.
Previous report
In August 2021, the Company received notice of a Product Development Research award totaling approximately $13.1 million from the CPRIT to support the Company’s clinical investigation of MT-401. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received $9.7 million of funds from the CPRIT grant. The Company recorded $4.4 million of grant income related to the CPRIT grant as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $2.1 million of grant income receivable.
Previous report
In September 2022, the Company received notice from the FDA that it had awarded the Company a $2.0 million grant from the FDA’s Orphan Products Grant program to support the clinical investigation of MT-401 for the treatment of post-transplant AML. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received $1.0 million from the FDA grant. The Company recorded $0.5 million of grant income related to the FDA grant as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company had no grant income receivable recorded.
Previous report
In May 2023, the Company announced that it had received a $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) program to support the development and investigation of MT-401 for the treatment of AML patients following standard-of-care therapy with hypomethylating agents. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received $1.2 million from SBIR. The Company recorded $1.0 million of grant income related to the SBIR grant as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $0.2 million of grant income receivable. In February 2025, the Company received $0.2 million of funds from the SBIR grant.
Previous report
In June 2024, the Company received notice of a $2.0 million grant over a 2-year period from the National Institutes of Health - National Cancer Institute (“NIH”) to support control over tumor immune escape in pancreatic cancer using a dual T cell product strategy. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received approximately $6,000 from NIH for this grant. The Company recorded approximately $6,000 of grant income related to the NIH grant as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $6,000 of grant income receivable. In February 2025, the Company received approximately $6,000 of funds from the NIH grant.
Previous report
In August 2024, the Company received notice of a $2.0 million grant from the SBIR program to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) who have relapsed following anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received $0.7 million of funds from this grant. The Company recorded $0.7 million of grant income related to this grant as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company had no receivable of grant income related to this grant.
Previous report
In August 2024, the Company received another $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health SBIR Program to support the advancement of MT-601 in patients with pancreatic cancer. Through the date of this filing, the Company has received approximately $7,000 of funds from this grant. The Company recorded approximately $7,000 of grant income related to this grant as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $7,000 of grant income receivable. In February 2025, the Company received approximately $7,000 of funds from the NIH grant.
Previous report
In December 2024, the Company received notice an additional $9.5 million grant from CPRIT to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. As of the date of this filing, the Company has not received any related to this grant. This CPRIT grant and the August 2021 CPRIT grant are subject to certain revenue-sharing arrangements, see Note 11 to the accompanying financial statements for further information.
Previous report
Stock Purchase Agreement
Previous report
On December 12, 2022, we entered into a purchase agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, or Lincoln Park, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park up to $25,000,000 of shares of our common stock, or the Purchase Shares, from time to time over a 24-month term, at a variable price with certain market-based terms as defined in the agreement. The purchase agreement does not exhibit any of the characteristics for liability classification under ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. In January 2023, Lincoln Park was issued 180,410 shares of stock as a commitment fee at a value of $0.5 million. On February 29, 2024, we terminated the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park effective March 1, 2024.
Previous report
The Purchased Assets sold to Cell Ready pursuant to the Cell Ready Purchase Agreement constituted a significant disposition and as such, the Company concluded that the disposition of its Purchased Assets represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on its operations and financial results. Therefore, the Purchased Assets, related party revenue, service revenue and related expenses are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented herein. See Note 6 to the accompanying financial statements for further information.
Previous report
In August 2021, we received notice of a Product Development Research award totaling approximately $13.1 million from CPRIT to support our Phase 2 clinical trial of MT-401. In December 2024, we announced that the Company has been awarded a $9.5 million grant from CPRIT to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Previous report
New Accounting Standards
Previous report
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
Previous report
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU requires disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, among other provisions. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted the new standard on a retrospective basis for annual periods, and interim periods beginning the first quarter of 2025. The Company does not believe the impact of the new guidance and related codification improvements had a material impact to its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Previous report
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
Previous report
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This guidance will be effective for the annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Reworded paragraphs (31)
Previous wording
We are advancing two product candidates for 3 clinical indications as part of our MAR-T cell program for:
Current wording
We anticipate to continue to advance two product candidates for 3 clinical indications as part of our MAR-T cell program for:
Previous wording
On December 19, 2024, we issued a press release providing an update on the progress and clinical observations from the Phase 1 APOLLO study, with a data cutoff date of September 10, 2024. Our Phase 1 APOLLO study is investigating MT-601, a MAR-T cell product, in patients with lymphoma who have relapsed after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy or where anti-CD19 CAR-T cells are not an option. A total of 10 patients have been treated in the study, for which clinical data is currently available for 9 patients from 5 clinical sites across the United States. Study participants showed early objective responses with and without lymphodepletion. However, immunomonitoring data confirmed that lymphodepletion enhanced the expansion and persistence of MAR-T cell clones in vivo.
Current wording
In August 2025, we issued a press release providing an update on the progress and clinical observations from the Phase 1 APOLLO study, with a data cutoff date of June 2025. Our Phase 1 APOLLO study is investigating MT-601, a MAR-T cell product, in patients with lymphoma who have relapsed after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy or for whom anti-CD19 CAR-T cells are not an option. In this update, clinical data was available for a total of 24 B-cell lymphoma patients from 7 clinical sites across the United States, including 15 patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (“NHL”) and 9 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (“HL”). At the time of the data cutoff, 12 NHL and 9 HL patients have been assessed. Study participants showed objective responses and a favorable safety profile with and without lymphodepletion.
Previous wording
As such, on February 22, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement for Product Supply (the “MSA”) with Cell Ready for the provision of various products and services by Cell Ready pursuant to work orders that may be entered into from time to time. Cell Ready, which is owned by one of our former directors and current shareholders, Mr. John Wilson, is a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO). The MSA contains customary representations, warranties and indemnification provision. The initial term of the MSA is three years and may be extended upon the mutual written agreement of the parties. On March 27, 2025, we mutually agreed with Cell Ready to terminate the MSA. In connection therewith, we and Cell Ready entered into a settlement and release agreement pursuant to which we paid Cell Ready approximately $453,000 and we and Cell Ready provided one another mutual releases of all claims associated with any and all agreements between Marker and Cell Ready.
Current wording
On February 22, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement for Product Supply (the “MSA”) with Cell Ready for the provision of various products and services by Cell Ready pursuant to work orders that may be entered into from time to time. Cell Ready, which is owned by one of our former directors, Mr. John Wilson, is a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO). The MSA contains customary representations, warranties and indemnification provision. The initial term of the MSA is three years and may be extended upon the mutual written agreement of the parties. On March 27, 2025, we mutually agreed with Cell Ready to terminate the MSA. In connection therewith, we and Cell Ready entered into a settlement and release agreement pursuant to which we paid Cell Ready approximately $453,000 and we and Cell Ready provided one another mutual releases of all claims associated with any and all agreements between Marker and Cell Ready.
Previous wording
Additionally, BCM continues to supply us with products, as we continue our clinical trials. Furthermore, in anticipation of the commencement of our larger pivotal trial for Lymphoma in 2026, as well as the eventual need for commercial scale production, we intend to evaluate and qualify additional potential third-party manufacturing partners to provide potential multiple sources of clinical
Current wording
Additionally, BCM continues to supply us with products, as we continue our clinical trials. Furthermore, in anticipation of the commencement of our larger pivotal trial for Lymphoma in 2026, as well as the eventual need for commercial scale production, we intend to evaluate and qualify additional potential third-party manufacturing partners to provide potential multiple sources of clinical and commercial supply. We currently are in discussions with a number of CDMO candidates and anticipate that we will select a partner organization and commence the qualification and technology transfer process later this year.
Previous wording
We recognized $50,000 and $4,000 in state tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current wording
We recognized ($15,156) and $49,953 in state tax (benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Previous wording
In August 2021, we received notice of a Product Development Research award totaling approximately $13.1 million from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, or CPRIT, to support our Phase 2 clinical trial of MT-401. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, we recognized $4.4 million and $2.7 million of revenue associated with the CPRIT grant.
Current wording
In August 2021, we received notice of a Product Development Research award totaling approximately $13.1 million from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (“CPRIT”), to support the clinical investigation of MT-401 as an Off-the-Shelf (“OTS”) product in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”) (the “CPRIT AML Grant”).
Previous wording
In September 2022, we received notice from the FDA that we had been awarded a $2.0 million grant from the FDA’s Orphan Products Grant program to support our Phase 2 clinical trial of MT-401 for the treatment of post-transplant AML. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $0.5 million and $0.4 million of revenue associated with the FDA grant, respectively.
Current wording
In September 2022, we received notice from the FDA that we had been awarded a $2.0 million grant from the FDA’s Orphan Products Grant program to support the clinical investigation of MT-401 for the treatment of AML (the “FDA Grant”).
Previous wording
In May 2023, we received notice of a $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) program to support the development and investigation of MT-401 for the treatment of AML patients following standard-of-care therapy with hypomethylating agents. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $1.0 million and $0.2 million of revenue associated with the SBIR grant, respectively.
Current wording
In May 2023, we received notice of a $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) program to support the development and investigation of MT-401 for the treatment of AML patients following standard-of-care therapy with hypomethylating agents (the “SBIR AML Grant”).
Previous wording
In June 2024, the Company received notice of a $2.0 million grant over a 2-year period from the National Institutes of Health – National Cancer Institute to support control over tumor immune escape in pancreatic cancer using a dual T cell product strategy. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized approximately $6,000 of revenue associated with this grant.
Current wording
In June 2024, we received notice of a $2.0 million grant over a 2-year period from the National Institutes of Health SBIR program to support control over tumor immune escape in pancreatic cancer using a dual T cell product strategy (the “Decoy Grant”).
Previous wording
In August 2024, the Company received notice of an additional $2.0 million grant from the SBIR program to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) who have relapsed following anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. The Company recorded $0.7 million of grant income related to this grant as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Current wording
In August 2024, we received notice of an additional $2.0 million grant from the NIH SBIR program to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (“NHL”) who have relapsed following anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”) T cell therapy (the “SBIR NHL Grant”).
Previous wording
In August 2024, the Company received another $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health SBIR Program to support the advancement of MT-601 in patients with pancreatic cancer. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized approximately $7,000 of revenue associated with this grant.
Current wording
In August 2024, we received another $2.0 million grant from the National Institutes of Health SBIR Program to support the advancement of MT-601 in patients with pancreatic cancer (the “PANACEA Grant”).
Previous wording
In December 2024, the Company received notice an additional $9.5 million grant from CPRIT to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. The Company did not record any grant income related to this grant for the year ended December 31, 2024. This CPRIT grant and the August 2021 CPRIT grant are subject to certain revenue-sharing arrangements, see Note 11 to the accompanying financial statements for further information.
Current wording
In December 2024, we received notice an additional $9.5 million grant from CPRIT to support the clinical investigation of MT-601 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (the “CPRIT Pancreatic Grant”).
Previous wording
Operating expenses incurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 were $17.7 million compared to $17.9 million in the prior year. Significant changes in operating expenses are outlined as follows:
Current wording
Operating expenses incurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 were $16.4 million compared to $17.7 million in the prior year. Significant changes in operating expenses are outlined as follows:
Previous wording
Research and development expenses or clinical trial costs increased by 29% to $13.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, mainly as a result of the Cell Ready transaction.
Current wording
Research and development expenses or clinical trial costs decreased by 12% to $11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $13.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Previous wording
The increase of $3.1 million in 2024 was primarily attributable to the following:
Current wording
The decrease of $1.7 million in 2025 was primarily attributable to the following:
Previous wording
General and administrative expenses decreased by 43% to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $7.5 million during the prior period.
Current wording
General and administrative expenses decreased by 1% to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $4.2 million during the prior period, and therefore remained consistent overall year over year.
Previous wording
Interest income was $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was attributable to interest income relating to funds that are held in U.S. Treasury notes and U.S. government agency-backed securities.
Current wording
Interest income was $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was attributable to interest income relating to funds that are held in U.S. Treasury notes and U.S. government agency-backed securities.
Previous wording
The decrease in our net loss from continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to cost reductions in our general and administrative expenses, as well as higher grant income. We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses in the future as we continue to invest in research and development activities, including clinical development of our MAR-T cell product candidates.
Current wording
The increase in our net loss during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to lower grant income. We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses in the future as we continue to invest in research and development activities, including clinical development of our MAR-T cell product candidates.
Previous wording
We have not generated any revenues from the sales or licensing of our product candidates since inception and only have limited revenue associated with grants to fund research. We have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of our stock and debt including warrants and the exercise thereof, grants, and in 2023 through the cash proceeds received from the Cell Ready transaction.
Current wording
We have not generated any revenues from the sales or licensing of our product candidates since inception and only have limited revenue associated with grants to fund research. We have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of our stock and debt including warrants and the exercise thereof, as well as grants. Based on our lack of recurring revenues, anticipated uses of cash and historical recurring cash losses from operating activities, and cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of December 31, 2025, and taking into consideration the net proceeds received in July and August of 2025 through the sale of Common Stock pursuant to its ATM Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, we anticipate that we will be able to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the fourth quarter of 2026, assuming no additional grant funds are received, either from new grants or from existing awarded grants. We are considering raising additional capital through the issuance of common shares or preferred shares and intend to apply for additional grant funds, which could enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the fourth quarter of 2026, although no assurance can be given that such capital or existing awarded grants will be earned or future grants will be awarded. This estimate is subject to our ability to effectively manage our costs, raise additional capital, and receive additional grant funds, of which there can be no assurance.
Previous wording
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and working capital as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Current wording
The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as well as working capital as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $10.3 million. The use of cash primarily related to our net loss from continuing operations of $14.0 million, partially offset by a $2.8 million increase from changes in assets and liabilities and $0.9 million of stock-based compensation.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $12.0 million. The use of cash primarily related to our net loss of $12.2 million and a $0.3 million decrease from changes in assets and liabilities, offset by $0.5 million of stock-based compensation.
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $10.9 million. The use of cash primarily related to our net loss from continuing operations of $10.7 million and a $0.5 million decrease from changes in assets and liabilities, offset by $0.2 million of stock-based compensation.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $10.9 million. The use of cash primarily related to our net loss of $10.7 million and a $0.4 million decrease from changes in assets and liabilities, offset by $0.2 million of stock-based compensation.
Previous wording
Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.0 million and $1.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily due to the net proceeds received from sale of common stock through the Private Placement in 2024 and ATM Agreement in 2023, as well as the exercise of stock options.
Current wording
Net cash provided by financing activities was $9.9 million and $15.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to the net proceeds received from sale of common stock through the ATM Agreement in 2025 and Private Placement in 2024, as well as the exercise of stock options.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2024, we had working capital of $18.6 million, compared to working capital of $14.1 million as of December 31, 2023. Operating expenses incurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 were $17.7 million compared to $17.9 million in the prior year. Based on our lack of recurring revenues, anticipated uses of cash and historical recurring cash losses from operating activities, and cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024, we anticipate that we will be able to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2026, assuming no additional grant funds are received. We currently plan to raise additional capital through the issuance of common shares and receive additional grant funds, which could enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the first quarter of 2026, although no assurance can be given that such capital or existing awarded grants will be earned or future grants will be awarded. This estimate is subject to our ability to effectively manage our costs, raise additional capital, and receive additional grant funds. Our assumptions may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Furthermore, our operating plan may change, and we may need additional funds sooner than planned in order to meet operational needs and capital requirements for product development and commercialization. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates and the extent to which we may enter into additional collaborations with third parties to participate in their development and commercialization, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, as we:
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, we had working capital of $16.8 million, compared to working capital of $18.6 million as of December 31, 2024. Operating expenses incurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 were $16.5 million compared to $17.7 million in the prior year. Based on our lack of recurring revenues, anticipated uses of cash and historical recurring cash losses from operating activities, and cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025, we anticipate that we will be able to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the fourth quarter of 2026, assuming no additional grant funds are received. We currently plan to raise additional capital through the issuance of common shares and receive additional grant funds, which could enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the fourth quarter of 2026, although no assurance can be given that such capital or existing awarded grants will be earned or future grants will be awarded. This estimate is subject to our ability to effectively manage our costs, raise additional capital, and receive additional grant funds. Our assumptions may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Furthermore, our operating plan may change, and we may need additional funds sooner than planned in order to meet operational needs and capital requirements for product development and commercialization. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates and the extent to which we may enter into additional collaborations with third parties to participate in their development and commercialization, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, as we:
Previous wording
We plan to continue to fund our operations and capital funding needs through equity and/or debt financing. We may also consider new collaborations or selectively partner our technology. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders’ common stock. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and could involve certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact
Current wording
We plan to continue to fund our operations and capital funding needs through equity and/or debt financing. We may also consider new collaborations or selectively partner our technology. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders’ common stock. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and could involve certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. If we raise additional funds through strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or product candidates or grant licenses on terms unfavorable to us. We may also be required to pay damages or have liabilities associated with litigation or other legal proceedings involving our company.
Previous wording
In November 2024, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock having an agreement offering price of up to $11,431,713 from time to time through H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC. Any shares of our common stock sold will be issued pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283512), which the SEC declared effective on December 6, 2024. However, our use of the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 will be limited for so long as we are subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which limits the amounts that we may sell under the registration statement and in accordance with the ATM agreement. H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC will be entitled to compensation under the Sales Agreement at a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold under the ATM Agreement, and we have provided H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC with indemnification and contribution rights.
Current wording
In November 2024, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock having an agreement offering price of up to $11,431,713 from time to time through H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC. Any shares of our common stock sold will be issued pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283512), which the SEC declared effective on December 6, 2024. However, our use of the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 will be limited for so long as we are subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which limits the amounts that we may sell under the registration statement and in accordance with the ATM agreement. H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC will be entitled to compensation under the Sales Agreement at a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold under the ATM Agreement, and we have provided H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC with indemnification and contribution rights.
Previous wording
On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold in a private Placement the following securities: (i) 1,783,805 shares of common stock, (ii) Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 3,247,445 shares of common stock in lieu of shares of common stock and (iii) Series A Warrants, or Private Placement Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 5,031,250 shares of common stock. The purchase price per share of common stock and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.20, and the purchase price per Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.199. Total gross proceeds from the sale of securities in the Private Placement, before deducting commissions to the placement agent and estimated offering expenses, was approximately $16.1 million, which does not include any proceeds that may be received upon exercise
Current wording
On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold in a private Placement the following securities: (i) 1,783,805 shares of common stock, (ii) Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 3,247,445 shares of common stock in lieu of shares of common stock and (iii) Series A Warrants, or Private Placement Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 5,031,250 shares of common stock. The purchase price per share of common stock and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.20, and the purchase price per Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.199.
Previous wording
of any warrants issued in the Private Placement. Both the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants are not exercisable until the Company obtains shareholder approval. On March 21, 2025, the Company obtained shareholder approval for the exercise of such warrants. The transaction closed on December 23, 2024.
Current wording
Total gross proceeds from the sale of securities in the Private Placement, before deducting commissions to the placement agent and estimated offering expenses, was approximately $16.1 million, which does not include any proceeds that may be received upon exercise of any warrants issued in the Private Placement. Both the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants are not exercisable until the Company obtains shareholder approval. On March 21, 2025, the Company obtained shareholder approval for the exercise of such warrants. The transaction closed on December 23, 2024.
Previous wording
received. The classification of costs incurred related to grants is based on the nature of the activities performed by the Company. Grant Income is recognized when the related costs are incurred. Restricted cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying costs is recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when qualifying costs are incurred. Qualifying grant income earned in advance of cash received from grants is recognized as revenue and recorded as other receivable.
Current wording
The Company recognizes grant income when amounts eligible for reimbursement are determinable and have been incurred, the applicable conditions under the grant arrangements have been met, and collectability of amounts due is reasonably assured or already received. The classification of costs incurred related to grants is based on the nature of the activities performed by the Company. Grant Income is recognized when the related costs are incurred. Restricted cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying costs is recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when qualifying costs are incurred. Qualifying grant income earned in advance of cash received from grants is recognized as revenue and recorded as other receivable.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2024, we have approximately $138.3 million of federal and $38.8 million of state net operating loss carryforwards that may be available to offset future taxable income, if any. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $38.4 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2030 and 2037. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $99.9 million generated in 2018 and thereafter are subject to an 80% limitation on taxable income, do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $21.9 million, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2035. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $16.9 million
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, we have approximately $186.8 million of federal and $38.6 million of state net operating loss carryforwards that may be available to offset future taxable income, if any. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $38.4 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2030 and 2037. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $148.4 million generated in 2018 and thereafter are subject to an 80% limitation on taxable income, do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $21.9 million, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2035. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $16.7 million generated in 2018 and thereafter are subject to an 80% limitation on taxable income, do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely. Any change in ownership greater than 50% under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code places significant annual limitations on the use of such net operating loss carryforwards.
Previous wording
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded a 100% valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets of approximately $41.0 million and $39.7 million, respectively, as our management believes it is uncertain that they will be fully realized. If we determine in the future that we will be able to realize all or a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards, an adjustment to valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period in which we make such a determination.
Current wording
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded a 100% valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets of approximately $43.3 million and $41.0 million, respectively, as our management believes it is uncertain that they will be fully realized. If we determine in the future that we will be able to realize all or a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards, an adjustment to valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period in which we make such a determination.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Other receivable mainly consists of grant income receivable. Qualifying grant income earned in advance of cash received from grants is recognized as revenue and recorded as other receivable. The following table summarizes the Company’s other receivable balance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:
Rearranged previous paragraphs (7)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
and commercial supply. We currently are in discussions with a number of CDMO candidates and anticipate that we will select a partner organization and commence the qualification and technology transfer process later this year.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold in a private Placement the following securities: (i) 1,783,805 shares of common stock, (ii) Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 3,247,445 shares of common stock in lieu of shares of common stock and (iii) Series A Warrants, or Private Placement Warrants, to purchase an aggregate of 5,031,250 shares of common stock. The purchase price per share of common stock and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.20, and the purchase price per Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Private Placement Warrant to purchase a share of common stock was $3.199. Total gross proceeds from the sale of securities in the Private Placement, before deducting commissions to the placement agent and estimated offering expenses, was approximately $16.1 million, which does not include any proceeds that may be received upon exercise of any warrants issued in the Private Placement. Both the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants are not exercisable until the Company obtains shareholder approval. On March 21, 2025, the Company obtained shareholder approval for the exercise of such warrants. The transaction closed on December 23, 2024.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Based on our lack of recurring revenues, anticipated uses of cash and historical recurring cash losses from operating activities, and cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024, we anticipate that we will be able to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2026, assuming no additional grant funds are received. We currently plan to raise additional capital
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
through the issuance of common shares and receipt of additional grant funds, which could enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the first quarter of 2026, although no assurance can be given that such capital or existing awarded grants will be earned or future grants will be awarded. This estimate is subject to our ability to effectively manage our costs, raise additional capital, and receive additional grant funds.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
our ability to conduct our business. If we raise additional funds through strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or product candidates or grant licenses on terms unfavorable to us. We may also be required to pay damages or have liabilities associated with litigation or other legal proceedings involving our company.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
The Company recognizes grant income when amounts eligible for reimbursement are determinable and have been incurred, the applicable conditions under the grant arrangements have been met, and collectability of amounts due is reasonably assured or already
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
generated in 2018 and thereafter are subject to an 80% limitation on taxable income, do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely. Any change in ownership greater than 50% under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code places significant annual limitations on the use of such net operating loss carryforwards.