ENTEGRIS INC

DECEMBER 31, 2024

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations Entegris, Inc. (“Entegris”, the “Company”, “we”, or “our”) is a leading supplier of advanced materials and process solutions for the semiconductor and other high-technology industries.

Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Basis of Presentation The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, Entegris evaluates its estimates, including those related to receivables, inventories, property, plant and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets, accrued liabilities, income taxes and share-based compensation, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications of certain prior year amounts have been made to conform to the current year presentation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly-liquid debt securities with original maturities of three months or less, which are valued at cost and approximate fair value.

Allowance for Credit Losses An allowance for uncollectible trade receivables is estimated based on a combination of write-off history, aging analysis and any specific, known troubled accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses that management believes is adequate to cover expected losses on trade receivables.

Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company records a charge to cost of sales for excess and obsolete inventory to reduce the carrying value of inventories to net realizable value.

Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (ROU) assets include operating and financing leases. Short-term operating lease liabilities are classified in “Other accrued liabilities” and long-term operating lease liabilities are classified in “Long-term lease liability - Operating lease” in the consolidated balance sheet. Short-term finance leases are classified in “Other accrued liabilities” and long-term finance lease liabilities are classified in “Long-term lease liability - Finance lease” in our consolidated balance sheet.

Lease assets and liabilities greater than 12 months are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The ROU assets include prepaid lease payments and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an original term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately for real estate leases. For non-real estate leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses are recognized in the same period. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while significant additions and improvements are capitalized. Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured as the difference between the net book value and the estimated fair value of the asset(s).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued payroll and related benefits, and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three-level hierarchy for disclosure is based on the extent and level of judgment used to estimate fair value. Level 1 inputs consist of valuations based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs consist of valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an inactive market, or other observable inputs. Level 3 inputs consist of valuations based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is tested for impairment annually at August 31, the Company’s annual testing date, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.

In performing the Company’s annual goodwill impairment test, the Company is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, including goodwill. In performing the qualitative assessment, the Company considers certain events and circumstances specific to the reporting unit and to the entity as a whole, such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and cost factors when evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount. The Company is also permitted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative assessment. If the Company chooses to undertake the qualitative assessment and concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would then proceed to the quantitative impairment assessment. In the quantitative assessment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, no impairment loss exists. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a goodwill impairment loss is measured and recorded.

Amortizable intangible assets include, among other items, patented, unpatented and other developed technology and customer-based intangibles, and are amortized using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives. The Company reviews intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest the remaining value may not be recoverable.

Derivative Financial Instruments The Company is exposed to various market risks, including risks associated with interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into certain derivative transactions to mitigate the volatility associated with these exposures. We have policies in place that define acceptable instrument types we may enter into and we have established controls to limit our market risk exposure. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. In addition, all derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis.

Interest Rate Swap

The fair value of the interest rate swap is estimated using standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs over the contractual term, including one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) based yield curves, among others. We consider the risk of nonperformance, including counterparty credit risk, in the calculation of the fair value. We have designated this swap agreement as a cash flow hedge. As a cash flow hedge, unrealized gains are recognized as assets and unrealized losses are recognized as liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses are designated as effective or ineffective based on a comparison of the changes in fair value of the interest rate swap and changes in fair value of the underlying exposures being hedged. The effective portion is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, while the ineffective portion is recorded as a component of Interest expense. Changes in the method by which we pay interest from one-month SOFR to another rate of interest could create ineffectiveness in the swap, and result in amounts being reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into net income. Hedge effectiveness is tested quarterly to determine if hedge treatment is appropriate. Realized gains and losses are recorded on the same financial statement line as the hedged item, which is Interest expense.

Foreign Currency Contracts Not Designated as Hedges

On a periodic basis, we enter into forward foreign exchange contracts in an effort to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency balance sheet exposures. These foreign exchange contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, the gains and losses resulting from the impact of currency exchange rate movements on our forward foreign exchange contracts are recognized as Other expense (income), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the exchange rates change.

Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of certain foreign subsidiaries are translated from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and the resulting gains and losses arising from translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets. Income statement amounts are translated at the average exchange rates for the year. Translation adjustments are not adjusted for income taxes, as substantially all translation adjustments relate to permanent investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in Other expense (income), net, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

When the Company receives consideration, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a sales contract, the Company records deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. Such deferred revenue typically results from advance payments received on sales of the Company’s products. The Company makes the required disclosures with respect to deferred revenue in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenues. The Company has two reportable segments. For more detailed information about reportable segments, see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements. For each of the two reportable segments, the recognition of revenue regarding the nature of goods and services provided by the segments are similar and described below. The Company recognizes revenue for product sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For product sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligations. All material revenue is being recognized at a point in time.

The Company generally recognizes revenue for sales of services when the Company has satisfied the performance obligation. The payment terms and revenue recognized are based on time and materials.

The Company also enters into arrangements to license its intellectual property. These arrangements typically permit the customer to use a specialized manufacturing process and in return the Company receives a royalty fee. The Company recognizes revenue for a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property when the subsequent sale or usage occurs.

The Company offers certain customers cash discounts and volume rebates as sales incentives. The discounts and volume rebates are recorded as a reduction in sales at the time revenue is recognized in an amount estimated based on historical experience and contractual obligations. The Company periodically reviews the assumptions underlying its estimates of discounts and volume rebates and adjusts its revenues accordingly.

In addition, the Company offers free product rebates to certain customers. The Company utilizes an adjusted market approach to estimate the stand-alone selling price of the loyalty program and allocates a portion of the consideration received to the free product offering. The free product offering is redeemable upon future purchases of the Company’s products. The amount associated with free product rebates is recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet and is recognized as revenue when the free product is redeemed or when the likelihood of redemption is remote. The Company has deemed that the amount is immaterial for disclosure.

The Company provides for the estimated costs of fulfilling its obligations under product warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized. The Company estimates the costs based on historical failure rates, projected repair costs, and knowledge of specific product failures (if any). The specific warranty terms and conditions vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which we do business, but generally include parts and labor over a period generally ranging from 90 days to one year. The Company regularly reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of the recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

The Company’s contracts are generally short-term in nature. Most contracts do not exceed twelve months. Payment terms vary by the type and location of the Company’s customers and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. Those customers that prepay are represented by the contract liabilities until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Engineering, Research and Development Expenses Engineering, research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.

Share-Based Compensation The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation over the service period of the award, with adjustments recorded for forfeitures as they occur. Awards issued to employees who are retirement eligible or nearing retirement eligibility are expensed on an accelerated basis.

Government Grants The Company entered into certain incentive arrangements with the state of Colorado and U.S. Department of Commerce. We account for funds we receive from government grants by either reducing the costs of the assets (if the grant relates to capital expenditures) or expenses which could be Cost of goods sold, Selling, general and administrative, and Research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of income once the conditions and restrictions of the grant have been met and payment has been received.

Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the Company would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits and unrecognized tax benefits is to record such items as a component of income before taxes. Penalties and interest to be paid or received are recorded in other expense (income), net, in the statement of operations.

Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income represents the change in equity resulting from items other than shareholder investments and distributions. The Company’s foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, interest rate swap - cash flow hedge and minimum pension adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Comprehensive income and the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated statements of equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". This update enhances segment reporting by requiring additional disclosures, including disclosure of significant segment expenses, identification of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and their use of segment profit or loss measures, and enhanced interim reporting requirements. The Company applied the guidance retrospectively to all periods presented. These changes did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial results but improved transparency for users of the financial statements. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Early adoption is permitted. The updated standard is effective for our annual reporting periods beginning in fiscal year 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public companies to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for our annual reporting periods beginning in fiscal 2027 and interim reporting periods beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2028, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company currently has no other material recent accounting pronouncements yet to be adopted.

2. REVENUES

The following table provides information about disaggregated net sales by customer category for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The following table provides information about current contract liabilities from contracts with customers. The contract liabilities are included in other accrued liabilities balance in the consolidated balance sheet.

3. GOODWILL AND LONG-LIVED ASSET IMPAIRMENT

During 2023, the Company was exploring market interest in sales of two of our businesses, Electronic Chemicals and a small, industrial specialty chemicals business, both within our Materials Solutions (“MS”) segment. As a result, the Company had triggering events and evaluated goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment.

Goodwill

In 2023, the Company compared the reporting units’ fair value to the carrying amounts, including goodwill. As the reporting units’ carrying amount, including goodwill exceeded fair value, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $115.2 million in 2023. The impairment is classified as goodwill impairment in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The goodwill impairment is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a market and income-based approach. We consider this a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. There was no goodwill impairment charge recorded during 2024.

Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets

The Company compared the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated by the asset groups to the carrying amount of the asset groups for the reporting units and determined that the undiscounted cash flows were expected to exceed the carrying value on a held and used basis for the EC business but did not for the small, industrial specialty chemical business. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment of $30.5 million in 2023 and $13.0 million in 2024 related to the industrial specialty chemical business. The impairment is classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a market-based approach. We consider this a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. The small, industrial specialty chemical business remains classified as an asset held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024; see Note 5 for further discussion.

4. ACQUISITION

CMC Materials, Inc.

On July 6, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of CMC Materials, Inc. (“CMC Materials”), a Delaware corporation, for approximately $6.0 billion in cash and stock (the “Acquisition”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Acquisition dated as of December 14, 2021 (the “Acquisition Agreement”). As a result of the Acquisition, CMC Materials became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and the results of operations of CMC Materials are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and since July 6, 2022. CMC Materials reports into the MS segment of the Company. Direct costs of $39.5 million associated with the acquisition of CMC Materials, consisting primarily of professional and consulting fees, were expensed as incurred in the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. These costs are classified as selling, general and administrative expense in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The amounts of net sales and net loss from CMC Materials since the acquisition date included in the consolidated statement of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 are $581.0 million and $75.8 million, respectively.

The purchase price of CMC Materials consisted of the following:

Under the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, the Company paid $133.00 per share for all outstanding shares of CMC Materials (excluding treasury shares). In addition, the Company settled all outstanding share-based compensation awards held by CMC Materials’ employees at the same per share price except for certain unvested performance units that were replaced by the Company’s restricted share units. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to include the amount associated with pre-combination service as purchase price for the acquisition, reflected in the table immediately above.

The Acquisition was funded with existing cash balances as well as funds raised by the Company through the issuance of debt in the form of a new term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $2,495.0 million, senior secured notes due 2029 in an aggregate principal amount of $1,600.0 million, senior unsecured notes due 2030 in an aggregate principal amount of $895.0 million, and a 364-Day Bridge Credit Facility in the aggregate principal amount of $275.0 million (collectively “CMC Materials Acquisition Financing”).

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the Acquisition as originally reported and as of December 31, 2022:

The final valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the Acquisition was completed in the second quarter of 2023.

The fair value of acquired inventories was $256.6 million and was valued at the estimated selling price less the cost of disposal and reasonable profit for the selling effort. The fair value write-up of acquired finished goods inventory was $61.9 million. This amount was recorded as an incremental cost of sales charge, amortized over the expected turn of the acquired inventory, during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The fair value of acquired property, plant and equipment of $537.4 million is valued at its fair value assuming held and used, unless market data was available supporting the fair value.

The Company recognized the following intangible assets as part of the acquisition of CMC Materials and finite lived assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis:

(1) In-process research and development assets are treated as indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development project, at which time the appropriate useful lives would be determined.

The fair value of acquired identifiable finite intangible assets was determined using an income method, which utilizes discounted cash flows to fair value each of the identifiable intangible assets. The Company normally utilizes the “income method,” which starts with a forecast of all of the expected future net cash flows attributable to the subject intangible asset. These cash flows are then adjusted to present value by applying an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams. Depending on the asset valued, the key assumptions included one or more of the following: (1) future revenue growth rates, (2) future gross margin, (3) future selling, general and administrative expenses, (4) royalty rates, and (5) discount rates. The valuations were based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date and the expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company’s management. There are inherent uncertainties and management judgment required in these determinations. The fair value measurements of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on valuations involving significant unobservable inputs, or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The purchase price of CMC Materials exceeded the fair value of the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by $3,627.4 million. Cash flows used to determine the purchase price included strategic and synergistic benefits (investment value) specific to the Company, which resulted in a purchase price in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets. The purchase price also included the fair values of other assets that were not identifiable, not separately recognizable under accounting rules (e.g., assembled workforce) or of immaterial value in addition to a going-concern element that represents the Company’s ability to earn a higher rate of return on the group of assets than would be expected on the separate assets as determined during the valuation process. This additional investment value resulted in goodwill. No amount of goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Pro Forma Results (Unaudited)

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of CMC Materials had occurred as of the beginning of the year presented. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s consolidated results of operations would have been had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the year. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined company. The pro forma information does not include any potential revenue enhancements, cost synergies or other operating efficiencies that could result from the acquisition.

The unaudited pro forma financial information above gives effect to the following:

•The elimination of transactions between Entegris and CMC Materials, which upon completion of the Acquisition would be considered intercompany transactions. This reflects the elimination of intercompany sales and associated intercompany accounts.

•Incremental amortization and depreciation expense related to the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets and property, plant and equipment from the purchase price allocation.

•Interest expense on the new debt raised to fund in part the consideration paid to effect the Acquisition using the effective interest rates.

•The elimination of interest expense, net of the gain on the termination of two swap instruments which were terminated on June 24, 2022 associated with the extinguished CMC Materials’ debt outstanding.

•The elimination of interest expense associated with the repayment of the $145.0 million senior secured term loan facility due 2025.

•The amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount associated with the aggregate new debt facilities.

•Transaction and integration costs directly attributable to the Acquisition were reclassified as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period.

•The incremental pro forma stock-based compensation expense for accelerated vesting upon the change in control for stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock shares, phantom units, and other deferred restricted stock units.

•The additional cost of goods sold recognized in connection with the write-up of acquired finished goods inventory of $61.9 million. The write-up is recognized in cost of sales as the inventory is sold, which for purposes of these pro forma financial statements is assumed to occur within the first quarter after the Acquisition.

•The income tax effect of the transaction accounting adjustments related to the Acquisition calculated using a blended statutory income tax rate of 22.5%.

5. ASSETS HELD-FOR-SALE AND DIVESTITURES

Asset Held-For-Sale - Other

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company began the process to sell a small, industrial specialty chemicals business that reports within the MS segment. The related assets and liabilities of the business were classified as held-for-sale in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The assets and liabilities continue to be marketed for sale and are classified as held-for-sale at December 31, 2024.

The proposed disposition of the business did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation in the Company’s financial statements since the disposition did not represent a strategic shift that had, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

Assets held-for-sale and liabilities held-for-sale recorded on the balance sheet were $5.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. The loss before income taxes attributable to the business was not significant for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, except for the impairment charge of $13.0 million as noted in Note 3 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.

Divestiture - Pipeline and Industrial Materials

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company completed the sale of its Pipeline and Industrial Materials (“PIM”) business, which became part of the Company with the acquisition of CMC Materials, to SCF Partners, Inc. The PIM business specializes in the manufacture and sale of drag reducing agents and a range of valve maintenance products and services for the oil and gas industry, and reported into the MS segment of the Company.

The Company received gross cash proceeds of $263.2 million, or net proceeds of $256.2 million, and may receive up to $25.0 million in cash earn-out payments contingent upon the performance of the PIM business in 2025 and 2026.

The Company’s policy is to account for the contingent consideration arrangement in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies (Subtopic 450-30). Under this approach, the Company recognizes the contingent consideration receivable in earnings after the contingency is resolved. Accordingly, to determine the initial gain on the sale of the PIM business, the Company did not include an amount related to the contingent consideration arrangement as part of the consideration received.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the sale proceeds received in connection with the divestiture:

The disposition of the PIM business did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation in the Company’s financial statements since the disposition did not represent a strategic shift that had, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The carrying amount of net assets associated with the PIM business was approximately $252.8 million. The major classes of assets and liabilities sold consisted of the following:

As a result of the sale of the PIM business, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $4.3 million, inclusive of a $1.0 million gain reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss for foreign currency translation, presented in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recorded an income tax expense associated with the PIM divestiture of approximately $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Divestiture - QED

On March 1, 2023, the Company completed the divestiture of QED. The Company received proceeds of $134.3 million, net of final adjustments with respect to cash, working capital, indebtedness and transaction expenses. The carrying amount of net assets associated with the QED business was approximately $149.2 million. As a result of the QED divestiture, the Company recognized a pre-tax loss of $14.9 million presented in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Company recorded an income tax expense associated with the QED divestiture of approximately $16.9 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.

The disposition of QED did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation in the Company’s financial statements since the disposition did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

Divestiture - EC Business

On October 2, 2023, the Company completed the divestiture of its EC business. The Company received proceeds of $675.3 million, net of final adjustments with respect to cash, working capital, indebtedness and transaction expenses. The carrying amount of net assets associated with the EC business was approximately $681.5 million. As a result of the EC business divestiture, the Company recognized a pre-tax loss of $8.9 million, including a $2.6 million loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income for foreign currency translation and minimum pension liability, presented in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Company recorded an income tax benefit associated with the EC business divestiture of approximately $63.4 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.

The disposition of the EC business did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation in the Company’s financial statements since the disposition did not represent a strategic shift that had, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

Termination - Alliance Agreement

On June 5, 2023, the Company announced the termination of the Alliance Agreement (the “Alliance Agreement”) between the Company and MacDermid Enthone Inc., a global business unit of Element Solutions Inc (“MacDermid Enthone”). Under the Alliance Agreement, Entegris had been granted the exclusive right to distribute MacDermid Enthone's Viaform products, subject to certain conditions. In connection with the termination of the Alliance Agreement, Entegris received net proceeds of $191.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $184.8 million (tax expense of $41.7 million) presented in gain on termination of the Alliance Agreement on the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.

6. TRADE ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE

Trade accounts and notes receivable from customers at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist of the following:

7. INVENTORIES

Inventories at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist of the following:

(1)Includes consignment inventories held by customers of $24.0 million and $20.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consists of the following:

The table below sets forth the depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill activity for each of the Company’s reportable segments, Materials Solutions (“MS”) and Advanced Purity Solutions (“APS”), for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is shown below:

As of December 31, 2024, goodwill amounted to approximately $3,943.6 million, a decrease of $2.3 million from the balance at December 31, 2023, relating to foreign currency translation. As described in Note 20, the Company realigned its segments in the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company combined its previous segments, Advanced Materials Handing and Microcontamination Control into the new APS segment. We completed an assessment of any potential goodwill impairment for all reporting units immediately prior and subsequent to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.

Identifiable intangible assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist of the following:

(1) Intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are in-process and used in research and development activities are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the research and development efforts. Once the research and development efforts are completed, we determine the useful life and begin amortizing the assets.

The table below sets forth the amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

The amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter relating to finite-lived intangible assets currently recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets is estimated to be the following at December 31, 2024:

10. DEBT

The Company’s debt at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consists of the following:

Annual maturities of long-term debt, excluding unamortized discount and issuance costs, due as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

• Senior secured term loans B subject to Excess Cash Flow payments to the lenders.

(1) The Company entered into a floating-to-fixed swap contract on its variable rate debt under our senior secured term loan facility due 2029. The effective interest rate after consideration of this floating-to-fixed swap contract was 4.71%. Refer to Note 12 for a description of our interest rate swap contract.

(2)Our senior secured revolving credit facility due 2027 (the “Revolving Facility”) bears interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR, plus an applicable margin of 1.75%. The Revolving Facility has commitments of $575.0 million.

Senior secured term loans B due 2029

On March 28, 2024, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into Amendment No. 3 (the “Third Amendment”), with the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent, which amended the Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2018 (as amended and restated as of July 6, 2022 and as subsequently amended on each of March 10, 2023 and September 11, 2023, the “Existing Credit Agreement” and, the Existing Credit Agreement as amended by the Third Amendment, the “Amended Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent and collateral agent.

The Third Amendment provides for, among other things, the reduction of the applicable rate of the Company’s outstanding senior secured term loans B under the Existing Credit Agreement. After giving effect to the Third Amendment, such outstanding term loans B bear interest, at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) Term SOFR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.75%. Other than as described herein (and more fully described in the Third Amendment), the terms of the Amended Credit Agreement are substantially similar to the terms of the Existing Credit Agreement. In connection with the Third Amendment, the Company made a prepayment of $354.5 million on the term loans B.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company has repaid $623.8 million of the outstanding borrowings under the term loans B. In connection with these repayments and entry into the Third Amendment, the Company incurred a pre-tax loss on extinguishment and modification of debt of $14.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, which is included in Other expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations.

11. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The valuation methods used for determining the fair value of these financial instruments by hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Cash and cash equivalents consist of various bank accounts used to support our operations and investments in institutional money-market funds that are traded in active markets.

Level 2 Derivative financial instruments include an interest rate swap contract and foreign exchange contracts. The fair value of our derivative instruments is estimated using standard valuation models and market-based observable inputs over the contractual term, including the prevailing SOFR-based yield curves for the interest rate swap, and forward rates and/or the Overnight Index Swap curve for forward foreign exchange contracts, among others. The fair value of our debt is estimated based on independent broker/dealer bids or by comparison to other debt securities having similar durations, yields and credit ratings.

Level 3 No Level 3 financial instruments

The following table presents financial instruments that we measure at fair value on a recurring basis. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our debt. In instances where the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset fall into more than one level of the hierarchy, we have classified it based on the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The fair value of our debt is considered Level 2. The estimated fair value and carrying value of our debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

12. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to various market risks, including risks associated with interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. One objective of the Company's risk management program is to mitigate these risks using derivative instruments.

Cash Flow Hedges - Interest Rate Swap Contract

In July 2022, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed swap agreement on its variable rate debt under the Term Loan Facility. The interest rate swap was designated specifically to the Term Loan Facility, is highly effective and qualifies as a cash flow hedge. The notional amount is scheduled to decrease quarterly and will expire on December 30, 2025. As cash flow hedges, unrealized gains are recognized as assets and unrealized losses are recognized as liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses are designated as effective or ineffective based on a comparison of the changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps and changes in fair value of the underlying exposures being hedged. The effective portion is recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be reflected in earnings during the period the hedged transaction effects earnings, while the ineffective portion is recorded as a component of Interest expense.

Foreign Currency Contracts Not Designated as Hedges

The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts in an effort to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency balance sheet exposures. These foreign exchange contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting. The

Company recognizes the change in fair value of its foreign currency forward contracts in the consolidated statement

of operations.

The notional amounts of our derivative instruments are as follows:

The fair values of our derivative instruments included in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

The following table summarizes the effects of our derivative instruments on our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The following table summarizes the effects of our derivative instruments on Accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

We expect approximately $7.1 million to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into Interest expense during the next twelve months related to our interest rate swap based on projected rates of the SOFR forward curve as of December 31, 2024.

13. OTHER EXPENSE, NET

The table below sets forth the Other expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Patent infringement settlement gain, net

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company settled patent infringement litigation and received net proceeds of $20.0 million.

Infineum termination fee, net

On October 11, 2022, the Company and Infineum entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of the Company’s PIM business. On February 10, 2023, the Company terminated the definitive agreement. In accordance with the terms of the definitive agreement, the Company received a $12.0 million termination fee from Infineum in the first quarter of 2023 and incurred a transaction fee of $1.1 million to the third-party financial adviser it had engaged to assist with the transaction.

14. LEASES

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was obligated under operating and finance lease agreements for certain office space and manufacturing facilities, manufacturing equipment, vehicles, information technology equipment and warehouse space. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 29 years, some of which may include options to extend the lease for up to 10 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s operating and financing lease components with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year were classified on the consolidated balance sheets as follows, together with certain supplemental balance sheet information:

Expense for leases less than 12 months for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were not material. The components of lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

The Company combines the amortization of the right-of-use assets and the change in the operating lease liability in the same line item in the Statement of Cash Flows. Other information related to the Company’s operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Future minimum lease payments for noncancellable leases as of December 31, 2024, were as follows:

15. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The Company has asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) related to environmental disposal obligations associated with cylinders used to supply customers with gas products, and certain restoration obligations associated with certain of its leased facilities.

Changes in the carrying amounts of the Company’s AROs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are shown below:

ARO liabilities expected to be settled within twelve months are included in the consolidated balance sheets in Other accrued liabilities, while all other ARO liabilities are included in Pension benefit obligations and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

16. INCOME TAXES

Income before income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was derived from the following sources:

Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows:

Income tax expense (benefit) differs from the expected amounts based upon the statutory federal tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 as follows:

The Company has made employment and spending commitments to Singapore. In return for those commitments, the Company was granted a partial tax holiday for eight years starting in 2013. During 2017, this agreement was extended to 2027 in exchange for revised employment and spending commitments. The income tax benefits attributable to the tax status are $27.7 million ($0.18 per diluted share), $19.7 million ($0.13 per diluted share) and $24.8 million ($0.17 per diluted share) for the years ending December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The 2024, 2023 and 2022 effective tax rates include additional benefits of $17.1 million, $12.1 million and $14.2 million because the corporate tax rate in Singapore is lower than the U.S. rate.

At December 31, 2024, there were approximately $339.7 million of accumulated undistributed earnings of subsidiaries outside of the United States, all of which are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. Management estimates that approximately $23.0 million of withholding taxes would be incurred if these undistributed earnings were distributed.

The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Deferred tax assets are generally required to be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had net U.S. deferred tax assets of $20.1 million and deferred tax liabilities of $76.7 million, respectively, which are composed of temporary differences and various tax credit carryforwards. The Company had state operating loss and credit carryforwards of approximately $26.3 million, which begin to expire in 2025. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state net operating loss carryforwards, state credit carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and certain federal foreign tax credit carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, management has provided valuation allowances of $36.5 million and $29.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, on the related deferred tax assets. If the assumptions change and management determines the assets will be realized, the tax benefits relating to any reversal of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024 will be recognized as a reduction of income tax expense.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had net non-U.S. deferred tax assets of $44.2 million and $58.2 million, respectively, for which management determined based upon the available evidence a valuation allowance of $35.3 million and $30.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was required against the non-U.S. gross deferred tax assets. For other non-U.S. jurisdictions, management relies upon projections of future taxable income to utilize deferred tax assets.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had foreign operating loss carryforwards of $64.3 million, which begin to expire in 2025.

Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that fail to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. The provisions also provide guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties.

Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

The total amount of net unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $39.3 million at December 31, 2024.

Penalties and interest paid or received are recorded in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $6.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively. Expenses of $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $2.0 million were recognized as interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The statutes of limitations related to both the consolidated federal income tax return and state returns are closed for all years up to and including 2020 and 2020, respectively. With respect to foreign jurisdictions, the statute of limitations varies from country to country, with the earliest open year for the Company’s major foreign subsidiaries being 2018.

Due to the expiration of various statutes of limitations and settlements of audits, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefit balance may decrease within the next twelve months by approximately $0.2 million.

The Organization Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) introduced Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) Pillar 2 rules that impose a global minimum tax rate of 15%. Numerous countries, including European Union member states, have enacted or are expected to enact legislation to be effective as early as January 1, 2024, with general implementation of a global minimum tax by January 1, 2025. There was no material impact in 2024 and we continue to evaluate the future potential impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

17. EQUITY

Dividends

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by the Company’s board of directors. The Company’s board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share during 2024, which totaled $60.7 million. The Company’s board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share during 2023, which totaled $60.3 million. The Company’s board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share during 2022, which totaled $57.3 million.

On January 15, 2025, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share to be paid on February 19, 2025 to shareholders of record as of January 29, 2025.

Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of the Company’s board of directors.

2020 Stock Plan

In 2020, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the Entegris, Inc. 2020 Stock Plan (the “2020 Stock Plan”). The 2020 Stock Plan replaced the Entegris, Inc. 2010 Stock Plan for future stock awards and stock option grants. The 2020 Stock Plan has a term often years and provides for the issuance of stock options and other share-based awards to selected employees, directors, and other individuals or entities that provide services to the Company or its affiliates. Under the 2020 Stock Plan, the board of directors or a committee selected by the board of directors will determine for each award, the term, price, number of shares, rate at which each award is exercisable and whether restrictions are imposed on the shares subject to the awards. The exercise price for option awards generally may not be less than the fair market value per share of the underlying common stock on the date granted. The 2020 Stock Plan provides that after December 31, 2019, any shares subject to stock awards that were awarded from the Company’s expired plans and that are forfeited, expired or otherwise terminated without issuance of shares will again be available for issuance under the 2020 Stock Plan.

For all plans, exclusive of the employee stock purchase plan, the Company had shares available for future grants of 9.7 million,10.2 million, and 10.9 million shares at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock Options

Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows:

Options outstanding under the Company’s stock plans at December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The weighted average remaining contractual term for options outstanding and options exercisable for all plans at December 31, 2024 was 3.9 years and 3.3 years, respectively.

Under the stock plans, the total pre-tax intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $23.2 million and $29.2 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value, which represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $99.06 at December 31, 2024, which theoretically could have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date, was $26.3 million and $23.6 million for options outstanding and options exercisable, respectively.

Share-based payment awards in the form of stock option awards for 0.1 million,0.2 million and 0.1 million shares were granted to employees during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value. The awards vest annually over a period offour years and have a contractual term of 7 years. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Key inputs and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the grant price of the award, the expected option term, volatility of the Company’s stock, the risk-free rate and the Company’s dividend yield. Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made by the Company.

The fair value of each stock option grant was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation and the resulting weighted-average fair value per option granted for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

A historical daily measurement of volatility is determined based on the expected life of the option granted. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the yield on an outstanding U.S. Treasury note with a term equal to the expected life of the option granted. Expected life is determined by reference to the Company’s historical experience. The Company determines the dividend yield by dividing the expected annual dividend on the Company’s stock by the option exercise price.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During 2024, the Company adopted a new 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) that superseded the Entegris, Inc. Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The ESPP allows employees to elect, at six-month intervals, to contribute up to 10% of their compensation, subject to certain limitations, to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount of 15% from the fair market value on the first day or last day of each six-month period. The Company treats the ESPP as a compensatory plan. At December 31, 2024,0.9 million shares remained available for issuance under the ESPP. Employees purchased 0.2 million,0.2 million and 0.2 million shares, at a weighted-average price of $89.59, $68.87, and $65.25 during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units are awards of common stock made under the Stock Plans that are subject to a risk of forfeiture if the awardee terminates employment with the Company prior to the lapse of the restrictions. The value of such restricted stock units is determined using the market price on the grant date. Compensation expense for restricted stock units is generally recognized using the straight-line single-option method. A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following table:

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company awarded performance-based restricted stock units for up to 0.1 million,0.2 million and 0.1 million shares of common stock, respectively, to be issued upon the achievement of performance conditions under the Company’s stock plans to certain officers. Compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value. The awards vest on the third anniversary of the award date if the performance conditions have been satisfied. The Company estimates the fair value of the performance shares using a Monte Carlo simulation process.

As of December 31, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options, performance-based restricted stock units and restricted stock unit awards not yet recognized was $5.0 million, $5.4 million and $62.7 million, respectively, and is expected to be recognized over the next 2.7 years on a weighted-average basis.

Modifications

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company modified all employee awards of restricted share units, options, and performance-based restricted share units that were granted in the 2022 fiscal year to provide that the awards will generally vest in connection with the grantee’s qualifying retirement. The Company accounted for this as a modification of awards and recognized incremental compensation cost of $15.3 million. The incremental compensation cost was measured as the accelerated expense over the requisite service period. The fair-value-based measure of the modified awards was the same as the fair-value based measure of the original award immediately before modification because the modification only affected the service period of the award.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company modified restricted share units, options, and performance-based restricted share units granted prior to the 2022 fiscal year for certain employees to accelerate the unvested awards upon their respective retirements from the Company. The Company accounted for this as a modification of awards and recognized incremental compensation cost of $0.7 million and $6.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The incremental compensation cost was measured as the excess of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms were modified and was recognized on the date of the modification for the vested awards.

There were no material modifications to employee awards during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Valuation and Expense Information

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their estimated fair values on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation over the service period of the award, with adjustments recorded for forfeitures as they occur. Awards issued to employees who are retirement eligible or nearing retirement eligibility are expensed on an accelerated basis. The following table summarizes the allocation of share-based compensation expense related to employee stock options, restricted stock awards, performance-based restricted stock awards and grants under the employee stock purchase plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

18. BENEFIT PLANS

401(k) Plan

The Company maintains 401(k) defined contribution plans covering employees in the U.S. The related expense totaled $24.6 million, $25.4 million and $21.9 million in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company matched employees’ contributions to a maximum of 6% of the employee’s eligible wages. The Company’s Singapore and South Korea subsidiaries also make immaterial contributions to retirement plans that function as defined contribution retirement plans.

Defined Benefit Plans

The employees of the Company’s subsidiaries in Japan, Taiwan, France and Germany are covered in defined benefit pension plans. The benefit obligation was reduced by $1.4 million due to the EC disposition in the year ended December 31, 2023. On December 31, 2023, the Company converted its South Korea defined pension plans to defined contribution plans. As a result of this conversion, the Company settled and paid out to beneficiaries an amount of $2.3 million on January 2, 2024. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for its pension plans. A summary of these combined plans are:

Cash Flows

Benefits for the combined plans were $0.6 million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million in fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, consisting primarily of service costs. Net service costs are included in Cost of sales and Operating expenses, and all other costs are recorded in Other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company expects to make the following benefit payments:

19. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted EPS is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. The following table presents a reconciliation of the share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

The Company excluded the following shares underlying stock-based awards from the calculations of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

20. SEGMENT INFORMATION

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company announced an internal reorganization, combining two complementary divisions into one and realigning its customer facing organization. Our business is now organized and operated in two operating segments as discussed below. All prior periods have been recast to reflect the change. These segments share common business systems and processes, technology centers and technology roadmaps. With our complementary capabilities, we believe we are uniquely positioned to create new, co-optimized and increasingly integrated solutions for our customers, which should translate into improved device performance, lower cost of ownership and faster time to market.

•The Materials Solutions segment, or MS, provides materials-based solutions, such as chemical vapor and atomic layer deposition materials, chemical mechanical planarization (“CMP”) slurries and pads, ion implantation specialty gases, formulated etch and clean materials, and other specialty materials that enable our customers to achieve better device performance and faster time to yield, while providing for lower total cost of ownership.

•The Advanced Purity Solutions segment, or APS, offers filtration, purification and contamination-control solutions that improve customers’ yield, device reliability and cost by ensuring the purity of critical liquid chemistries and gases and the cleanliness of wafers and other substrates used throughout semiconductor manufacturing processes, the semiconductor ecosystem and other high-technology industries.

The Company's method for measuring profitability on a reportable segment basis is segment profit. Segment profit is defined as net sales less direct and indirect segment operating expenses, including certain general and administrative costs for the Company’s human resources, finance and information technology functions. The Company accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties. Inter-segment sales are presented as an elimination below. The remaining unallocated expenses consist mainly of the Company’s corporate functions as well as interest expense, interest income, amortization of intangible assets and income tax expense.

The Company's chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the President and Chief Executive Officer. For each of the reportable segments, the CODM uses segment profit (based on each segment’s target model) for determining the allocation of resources (including employees, financial, or capital resources) to the segments to achieve the Company's strategic plan and to assess the performance of each segment by monitoring actual results against performance targets established in the Company's annual budget and forecasting process. Total assets by segment are not presented as that information is not used to allocate resources or assess performance at the segment level and is not regularly reviewed by the Company’s CODM.

Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following tables for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The following table reconciles total segment profit to income before income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The following tables summarize depreciation and capital expenditures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by country or region based on the ship to location of the customer for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment, net, attributed to significant countries for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The Company reported net sales of 10 percent or more for one customer in the amount of $508.0 million, $382.9 million and $408.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, all of which include sales from all the Company’s segments.

21. GOVERNMENT GRANTS

CHIPS and Science Act Agreement

On December 3, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to receive funding under the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 (“CHIPS Act”). The agreement provides the Company with up to $77.0 million intended to support capital expenditures related to the construction of a manufacturing facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado, research and development, and workforce training initiatives.

The grant is subject to certain conditions, including compliance with applicable federal regulations, progress milestones, and reporting requirements as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Company is also required to meet specific performance and employment targets to maintain eligibility for the funding. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not received any disbursements and anticipates completing milestones beginning in 2025.

There are no material penalties or contingencies that would significantly affect the Company’s financial position, except as described above.

22. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

We are, from time-to-time, involved in various claims, proceedings and lawsuits relating to our business, employees, intellectual property and other matters. The outcomes of these legal actions are not within our complete control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. In some actions, the claimants seek damages, as well as other relief, that could require significant expenditures or result in lost revenues. We record a liability for these legal actions when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. There is judgment required in the determination of the likelihood of outcome, and if necessary determination of the estimate or range of potential outcomes. Based on the current information, the Company does not believe any known matters have a reasonable possibility of a material amount for litigation or other contingencies related to legal proceedings.

23. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events to the date of the issuance of the consolidated financial statements. The Company has determined that there are no events occurring in this period that require disclosure or adjustment, except as disclosed above.