Metalla Royalty & Streaming Ltd.

Fair value

Financial instruments recorded at fair value on the consolidated statement of financial position are classified using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy has the following levels:

a) Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

b) Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly; and

c) Level 3 - Inputs for assets and liabilities that are not based on observable market data.

The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market inputs whenever such inputs exist. A financial instrument is classified to the lowest level of the hierarchy for which a significant input has been considered in measuring fair value.

Cash, accounts receivables (royalty, derivative royalty, and stream receivables, and other receivables), and accounts payable (trade and other payables), are carried at amortized cost. Their carrying value approximated their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments or because they reflect amounts that are receivable to the Company without further adjustments. Marketable securities are carried at fair value and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The derivative royalty asset is carried at fair value, and was valued using inputs that are not observable, including a gold forward price curve, US$/A$ foreign exchange rates based on forward curves, and an estimated discount rate (Note 5). Therefore, the derivative royalty asset is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2023, and the year ended December 31, 2022.

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METALLA ROYALTY & STREAMING LTD.NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, AND 2022 (Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated, except for shares, per ounce, and per share amounts)

15. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS(cont'd...)

Loans payable and acquisition payables are carried at amortized cost. The fair values of the Company's loans payable are approximated by their carrying values as the interest rates are comparable to market interest rates. The derivative loan liabilities are carried at fair value and were valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and a swaption model, with inputs that are not observable (Note 8). Therefore, the derivative loan liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.