STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 – Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Stifel Financial Corp. (the “Company”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is principally engaged in retail brokerage; securities trading; investment banking; investment advisory; retail, consumer, and commercial banking; and related financial services. Our major geographic area of concentration is throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Canada. Our company’s principal customers are individual investors, corporations, municipalities, and institutions. We have organized our operations into three reportable segments: Global Wealth Management, Institutional Group, and Other. See Note 22 for additional information on segment reporting.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include Stifel Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, principally Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”), Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. (“KBW”), Stifel Bancorp, Inc. (“Stifel Bancorp”), Stifel Nicolaus Canada Inc. (“SNC”), and Stifel Nicolaus Europe Limited (“SNEL”). Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company” in this report refer to Stifel Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Pursuant to these rules and regulations, we have omitted certain information and footnote disclosures we normally include in our annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In management’s opinion, we have made all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, except as otherwise noted) necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Our interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year. These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 on file with the SEC.

Certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. The effect of these reclassifications on our company’s previously reported consolidated financial statements was not material.

Consolidation Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Stifel Financial Corp. and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We have investments or interests in other entities for which we must evaluate whether to consolidate by determining whether we have a controlling financial interest or are considered to be the primary beneficiary. Under our current consolidation policy we consolidate those entities where we have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the rights to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. When we do not have a controlling interest in an entity, but we exert significant influence over the entity, we apply the equity method of accounting.

We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) by performing an analysis of the VIE’s control structure, expected benefits and losses, and expected residual returns. This analysis includes a review of, among other factors, the VIE’s capital structure, contractual terms, which interests create or absorb benefits or losses, variability, related party relationships, and the design of the VIE. We reassess our evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. We reassess our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances. See Note 25 for additional information on VIEs.

NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a full description of the Company's significant accounting policies.

Loans and Advances to Financial Advisors and Other Employees, Net

We offer transition pay, principally in the form of upfront loans, to financial advisors and certain key revenue producers as part of our company’s overall growth strategy. These loans are generally forgiven by a charge to compensation and benefits over a five- to ten-year period if the individual satisfies certain conditions, usually based on continued employment and certain performance standards. We present the outstanding balance of loans to financial advisors on our consolidated statements of financial condition, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $29.5 million and $31.7 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 3 – Receivables From and Payables to Brokers, Dealers, and Clearing Organizations

Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, included(in thousands):

Amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, included(in thousands):

Deposits paid for securities borrowed approximate the market value of the securities. Securities failed to deliver and receive represent the contract value of securities that have not been delivered or received on settlement date.

NOTE 4 – Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial instruments owned, available-for-sale securities, investments, financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, and derivatives.

We generally utilize third-party pricing services to value Level 1 and Level 2 available-for-sale investment securities, as well as certain derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. We review the methodologies and assumptions used by the third-party pricing services and evaluate the values provided, principally by comparison with other available market quotes for similar instruments and/or analysis based on internal models using available third-party market data. We may occasionally adjust certain values provided by the third-party pricing service when we believe, as the result of our review, that the adjusted price most appropriately reflects the fair value of the particular security.

Following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies and key inputs used to measure financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. The descriptions include an indication of the level of the fair value hierarchy in which the assets or liabilities are classified.

Financial Instruments Owned and Available-For-Sale Securities

When available, the fair value of financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets and reported in Level 1. Level 1 financial instruments include highly liquid instruments with quoted prices, primarily U.S. government securities, corporate fixed income securities, and equity securities listed in active markets.

If quoted prices are not available for identical instruments, fair values are obtained from pricing services, broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques with observable inputs, such as the present value of estimated cash flows, and reported as Level 2. The nature of these financial instruments include instruments for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, instruments whose fair value has been derived using a model where inputs to the model are directly observable in the market, or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, and instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed. Level 2 financial instruments include U.S. government agency securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, fixed income and equity securities infrequently traded, state and municipal securities, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities and sovereign debt securities, included in other in the table below.

We have identified Level 3 financial instruments to include certain asset-backed securities and syndicated loans, included in other in the table below, with unobservable pricing inputs. Level 3 financial instruments have little to no pricing observability as of the report date. These financial instruments do not have active two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Investments

Investments carried at fair value primarily include corporate equity securities, auction-rate securities (“ARS”), and private company investments.

Corporate equity securities are primarily valued based on quoted prices in active markets and reported in Level 1. Corporate equity securities that have little to no pricing observability are reported in Level 3.

ARS are primarily valued based upon our expectations of issuer redemptions and using internal discounted cash flow models that utilize unobservable inputs. ARS are reported as Level 3 assets. Private company investments are primarily valued based upon internally developed models. These valuations require significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity, and their long-term nature. Typically, the initial costs of these investments are considered to represent fair market value, as such amounts are negotiated between willing market participants. Private company investments are primarily reported as Level 3 assets.

Investments at fair value include investments in funds, including certain money market funds that are measured at net asset value (“NAV”). The Company uses NAV to measure the fair value of its fund investments when (i) the fund investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and (ii) the NAV of the investment fund is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of investment company accounting, including measurement of the underlying investments at fair value.

The Company’s investments in funds measured at NAV include partnership interests, mutual funds, money market funds, and private equity funds. Private equity funds primarily invest in a broad range of industries worldwide in a variety of situations, including leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, growth investments and distressed investments. The private equity funds are primarily closed-end funds in which the Company’s investments are generally not eligible for redemption. Distributions will be received from these funds as the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.

The general and limited partnership interests in investment partnerships were primarily valued based upon NAVs received from third-party fund managers. The various partnerships are investment companies, which record their underlying investments at fair value based on fair value policies established by management of the underlying fund. Fair value policies at the underlying fund generally require the funds to utilize pricing/valuation information, including independent appraisals, from third-party sources. However, in some instances, current valuation information for illiquid securities or securities in markets that are not active may not be available from any third-party source or fund management may conclude that the valuations that are available from third-party sources are not reliable. In these instances, fund management may perform model-based analytical valuations that may be used as an input to value these investments.

The table below presents the fair value of our investments in, and unfunded commitments to, funds that are measured at NAV as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased

Financial instruments sold, but not purchased, recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets and other observable market data include highly liquid instruments with quoted prices, such as U.S. government securities, and equity and fixed income securities listed in active markets, which are reported as Level 1.

If quoted prices are not available, fair values are obtained from pricing services, broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques with observable inputs, such as the present value of estimated cash flows, and reported as Level 2. The nature of these financial instruments include instruments for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, instruments whose fair value has been derived using a model where inputs to the model are directly observable in the market, or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, and instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed. Level 2 financial instruments include agency mortgage-backed securities not actively traded, fixed income securities, and sovereign debt, included in other in the table below.

We have identified Level 3 financial instruments to include syndicated loans, included in other in the table below. Level 3 financial instruments have little to no pricing observability as of the report date. These financial instruments do not have active two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Derivatives

Derivatives are valued using quoted market prices for identical instruments when available or observable inputs from forward and futures yield curves. The valuation models used require market observable inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, and measures of volatility. We have classified our derivatives as Level 2. The counterparties to most of our company’s derivative transactions represent regulated banks, bank holding companies, and derivative clearing houses. Management has determined that the counterparty credit risk associated with its derivative transactions is not significant. Accordingly, the recorded fair values for these transactions have not been adjusted to reflect counterparty credit risk.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025, are presented below(in thousands):

(1) Includes syndicated loans, non-agency mortgage-backed securities, and sovereign debt.

(2) Primarily includes private company investments.

(3) Included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

(4) Includes syndicated loans and sovereign debt.

(5) Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024, are presented below(in thousands):

(1)

Includes syndicated loans, non-agency mortgage-backed securities, and sovereign debt.

(2)

Primarily includes private company investments.

(3)

Included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

(4)

Includes syndicated loans.

(5)

Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value associated with Level 3 financial instruments during the three months ended June 30, 2025(in thousands):

The following table summarizes the change in fair value associated with Level 3 financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2025(in thousands):

The results included in the tables above are only a component of the overall investment strategies of our company. The tables above do not present Level 1 or Level 2 valued assets or liabilities. The changes in unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, relating to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2025, were immaterial.

The fair value of certain Level 3 assets was determined using various methodologies, as appropriate, including third-party pricing vendors and broker quotes. These inputs are evaluated for reasonableness through various procedures, including due diligence reviews of third-party pricing vendors, variance analyses, consideration of current market environment, and other analytical procedures.

The fair value for our auction rate securities was determined using an income approach based on an internally developed discounted cash flow model. The discounted cash flow model utilizes two significant unobservable inputs: discount rate and workout period. Significant increases in any of these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value. On an ongoing basis, management verifies the fair value by reviewing the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and its significant inputs.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following reflects the fair value of financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, whether or not recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition at fair value(in thousands).

(1) Included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

(2) Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The following tables present the estimated fair values and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial condition or measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

The following, as supplemented by the discussion above, describes the valuation techniques used in estimating the fair value of our financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Financial Assets

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell

Securities purchased under agreements to resell are collateralized financing transactions that are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. The carrying values at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Held-to-Maturity Securities

Securities held to maturity are recorded at amortized cost based on our company’s positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Securities held to maturity include asset-backed securities, consisting of collateralized loan obligation securities and student loan ARS. The estimated fair value, included in the above table, is determined using several factors; however, primary weight is given to discounted cash flow modeling techniques that incorporated an estimated discount rate based upon recent observable debt security issuances with similar characteristics.

Bank Loans

The fair values of mortgage loans and commercial loans were primarily estimated using a discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach. Discount rates were determined considering rates at which similar portfolios of loans, with similar remaining maturities, would be made and considering liquidity spreads applicable to each loan portfolio based on the secondary market. The estimated fair value of individually evaluated loans may include peer multiples, discounted cash flow, and collateral liquidation each of which includes unobservable inputs and judgements within.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale consist of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential real estate mortgage loans intended for sale. Loans held for sale are stated at lower of cost or market value. Market value is determined based on prevailing market prices for loans with similar characteristics or on sale contract prices.

Financial Liabilities

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are collateralized financing transactions that are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. The carrying values at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximate fair value due to the short-term nature.

Bank Deposits

The fair value of interest-bearing deposits, including certificates of deposits, demand deposits, savings, and checking accounts, was calculated by discounting the future cash flows using discount rates based on the replacement cost of funding of similar structures and terms.

Senior Notes

The fair value of our senior notes is estimated based upon quoted market prices.

Debentures to Stifel Financial Capital Trusts

The fair value of our trust preferred securities is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. We have assumed a discount rate based on similar type debt instruments.

These fair value disclosures represent our best estimates based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. Fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of the various instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in the above methodologies and assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

NOTE 5 – Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased

The components of financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows(in thousands):

(1)Includes syndicated loans, non-agency mortgage-backed securities, and sovereign debt.

(2)Includes syndicated loans and sovereign debt.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, financial instruments owned in the amount of $574.4 million and $597.0 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for our repurchase agreements and short-term borrowings. Our financial instruments owned are presented on a trade-date basis in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, represent obligations of our company to deliver the specified security at the contracted price, thereby creating a liability to purchase the security in the market at prevailing prices in future periods. We are obligated to acquire the securities sold short at prevailing market prices in future periods, which may exceed the amount reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

NOTE 6 – Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities

The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost and fair values of the available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

(1)

Unrealized gains/(losses) related to available-for-sale securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

(2)

Held-to-maturity securities are carried in the consolidated statements of financial condition at amortized cost, and the changes in the value of these securities, other than impairment charges, are not reported on the consolidated financial statements.

We are required to evaluate our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities for any expected losses with recognition of an allowance for credit losses, when applicable. At June 30, 2025, we didnot have an allowance for credit losses recorded on our investment portfolio.

Accrued interest receivable for our investment portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $95.5 million and $106.8 million, respectively, and is reported in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. We do not include reserves for interest receivable in the measurement of the allowance for credit losses.

There wereno sales of available-for-sale securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The table below summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of our securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands). Expected maturities may differ significantly from contractual maturities, as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The maturities of our available-for-sale (fair value) and held-to-maturity (amortized cost) securities at June 30, 2025, are as follows (in thousands):

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, securities of $818.3 million and $842.3 million, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit obtained to secure public deposits. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, securities of $2.5 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were pledged with the Federal Reserve discount window.

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual investment securities have been in continuous unrealized loss positions, at June 30, 2025(in thousands):

At June 30, 2025, the amortized cost of 227 securities classified as available for sale exceeded their fair value by$132.1 million, of which $131.5 million related to investment securities that had been in a loss position for 12 months or longer. The total fair value of these investments at June 30, 2025, was $1.2 billion, which was 78.0% of our available-for-sale portfolio.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses Moody’s credit ratings as the primary credit quality indicator for its held-to-maturity debt securities. Each security is evaluated at least quarterly. The indicators represent the rating for debt securities, as of the date presented, based on the most recent assessment performed. The following table shows the amortized cost of our held-to-maturity securities by credit quality indicator at June 30, 2025(in thousands):

NOTE 7 – Bank Loans

Our loan portfolio consists primarily of the following segments:

Real Estate. Real estate loans include residential real estate non-conforming loans, residential real estate conforming loans, commercial real estate, and home equity lines of credit. The allowance methodology related to real estate loans considers several factors, including, but not limited to, loan-to-value ratio, FICO score, home price index, delinquency status, credit limits, and utilization rates.

Fund banking. Fund banking loans primarily include capital call lines of credit, also known as subscription lines of credit. These credit facilities are used by closed-end private investment funds (“Fund”) that have raised capital commitments from limited partners to effectively manage the Fund’s cash and bridge timing between the Fund’s investments and capital calls. The lines of credit are collateralized by a pledge of the limited partner’s contractually callable capital and the general partner’s right to call such capital as permitted in the Fund’s partnership agreement.

Commercial and industrial (C&I). C&I loans primarily include commercial and industrial lending used for general corporate purposes, working capital and liquidity, and “event-driven.” “Event-driven” loans support client merger, acquisition or recapitalization activities. C&I lending is structured as revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities, term loans and bridge loans. Risk factors considered in determining the allowance for corporate loans include the borrower’s financial strength, seniority of the loan, collateral type, leverage, volatility of collateral value, debt cushion, and covenants.

Securities-based loans. Securities-based loans allow clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities for any suitable purpose other than purchasing, trading, or carrying securities or refinancing margin debt. The majority of consumer loans are structured as revolving lines of credit and letter of credit facilities and are primarily offered through Stifel’s Pledged Asset (“SPA”) program. The allowance methodology for securities-based lending considers the collateral type underlying the loan, including the liquidity and trading volume of the collateral, position concentration and other borrower specific factors such as personal guarantees.

Construction and land. Short-term loans used to finance the development of commercial real estate projects.

Other. Other loans include consumer and credit card lending.

The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major loan category in our bank loan portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands, except percentages):

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Stifel Bancorp had loans outstanding to its executive officers and directors and executive officers and directors of certain affiliated entities in the amount of $47.6 million and $39.6 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had loans held for sale of$800.8 million and$579.0 million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized losses, included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, of $4.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized losses, included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, of $4.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans, primarily consisting of residential and commercial real estate loans of $8.2 billion and $7.9 billion, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans of $2.6 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, were pledged with the Federal Reserve discount window.

Accrued interest receivable for loans and loans held for sale at June 30, 2025 and December 21, 2024 was $90.6 million and $92.6 million, respectively, and is reported in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025(in thousands).

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $8.3 million of net credit loss reserves, including $7.9 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans and $0.4 million of the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $20.3 million of net credit loss reserves, including $20.4 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans, partially offset by a release of $0.1 million of the allowance for unfunded lending commitments. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $3.0 million of net credit loss reserves, including $6.8 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans, partially offset by a release of $3.9 million of the allowance for unfunded lending commitments. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded $8.2 million of net credit loss reserves, including $11.4 million of the reserve for credit losses for funded loans and $0.3 million related to employee retention awards, partially offset by a release of $3.5 million of the allowance for unfunded lending commitments. The provision for unfunded lending agreements is included in the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of operations. The expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments, including standby letters of credit and binding unfunded loan commitments, are reported on the consolidated statement of financial condition in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024(in thousands).

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by portfolio segment(in thousands):

*There wereno loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at June 30, 2025.

*There wereno loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2024.

In the normal course of business, we may modify the original terms of a loan agreement. In certain circumstances, we may agree to modify the original terms of a loan agreement to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, which may include a borrower in default, financial distress, bankruptcy or other circumstances. Modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce our loss exposure while providing borrowers with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty typically involve principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay (i.e., payment or maturity forbearance greater than six months), or a term extension, or any combination thereof. Modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are subject to our nonaccrual policies. Loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty which were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were not material.

The gross interest income related to individually evaluated loans, which would have been recorded, had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms, and the interest income recognized on these loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, were immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

Credit quality indicators

As of June 30, 2025, bank loans were primarily extended to non-investment grade borrowers. Substantially all of these loans align with the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies’ definition of Pass. Loans meet the definition of Pass when they are performing and do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss. A loan is determined to be impaired when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due or when collection becomes uncertain. At the time a loan is determined to be impaired, the accrual of interest and amortization of deferred loan origination fees is discontinued (“nonaccrual status”), and any accrued and unpaid interest income is reversed.

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency ratios are an indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within our loan portfolio. The level of nonperforming assets represents another indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Accordingly, key metrics we track and use in evaluating the credit quality of our loan portfolio include delinquency and nonperforming asset rates, as well as charge-off rates and our internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. In general, we are a secured lender. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,96.9% and 96.8% of our loan portfolio was collateralized, respectively. Collateral is required in accordance with the normal credit evaluation process based upon the creditworthiness of the customer and the credit risk associated with the particular transaction. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. A credit exposure rated pass has a continued expectation of timely repayment, all obligations of the borrower are current, and the obligor complies with material terms and conditions of the lending agreement.

Special Mention. Extensions of credit that have potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention, and if left uncorrected may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position.

Substandard. Obligor has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt and has a high probability of payment default with the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if noted deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Inherent weakness in the exposure makes the collection or repayment in full, based on existing facts, conditions and circumstances, highly improbable, and the amount of loss is uncertain.

Substandard loans are regularly reviewed for impairment. Doubtful loans are considered impaired. When a loan is impaired the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of our loan portfolio was as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets attributable to each of our reporting segments is presented in the following table(in thousands):

The adjustments to goodwill and intangible assets during the six months ended June 30, 2025 are primarily attributable to the following:

On April 7, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of a portion of B. Riley Financial, Inc.’s traditional wealth management business. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, goodwill was measured as the excess of the acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred over the amount of acquisition-date identifiable assets acquired net of assumed liabilities. The goodwill and customer relationship intangible recorded have been allocated to our company’s Global Wealth Management segment.

On June 2, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Bryan Garnier (“Bryan Garnier”), an independent full-service investment bank focused on European technology and healthcare companies. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, goodwill was measured as the excess of the acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred over the amount of acquisition-date identifiable assets acquired net of assumed liabilities. We recognized a liability for estimated earn-out payments of $25.0 million. The potential earnout payable represents the amount of additional consideration that could be paid pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement. The amount recorded as earnout payable, which is primarily based upon the estimated future operating results over afive-year period subsequent to the acquisition date, is measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. The contingent consideration accrual is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated statement of financial condition at June 30, 2025. The goodwill and customer relationship intangible recorded have been allocated to our company’s Institutional Group segment.

The allocation of the purchase price of these acquisitions are preliminary and will be finalized upon completion of the analysis of the fair values of the net assets as of the respective acquisition dates and the identified intangible assets. The final goodwill recorded on the consolidated statement of financial condition may differ from that reflected herein as a result of future measurement period adjustments and the recording of identified intangible assets.

Amortizable intangible assets consist of acquired customer relationships, trade names, acquired technology, non-compete agreements, investment banking backlog, and core deposits that are amortized over their contractual or determined useful lives. Intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows(in thousands):

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $5.5 million and $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $10.9 million and $11.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense is included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The weighted-average remaining lives of the following intangible assets at June 30, 2025, are: customer relationships,8.8 years; trade names,5.8 years; non-compete agreements,3.5 years; acquired technology,8.2 years; core deposits,0.1 years; and investment banking backlog,0.7 years. We have an intangible asset that is not subject to amortization and is, therefore, not included in the table below. As of June 30, 2025, we expect amortization expense in future periods to be as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 9 – Borrowings and Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

Our short-term financing is generally obtained through short-term bank line financing on an uncommitted, secured basis, securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank, term loans, and committed bank line financing on an unsecured basis. We borrow from various banks on a demand basis with company-owned securities pledged as collateral. We also have an unsecured, committed bank line available.

Our uncommitted secured lines of credit at June 30, 2025, totaled $880.0 million with four banks and are dependent on having appropriate collateral, as determined by the bank agreements, to secure an advance under the line. The availability of our uncommitted lines is subject to approval by the individual banks each time an advance is requested and may be denied. Our peak daily borrowing on our uncommitted secured lines was $125.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025. There areno compensating balance requirements under these arrangements. Any borrowings on secured lines of credit are generally utilized to finance certain fixed income securities. At June 30, 2025, we hadno outstanding balances on our uncommitted secured lines of credit.

The Federal Home Loan advances are floating-rate advances. The weighted average interest rates on these advances during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was 4.59% and 4.56%, respectively. The advances are secured by Stifel Bancorp’s residential mortgage loan portfolio and investment portfolio. The interest rates reset on a daily basis. Stifel Bancorp has the option to prepay these advances without penalty on the interest reset date. At June 30, 2025, there wereno Federal Home Loan advances.

On September 27, 2023, the Company and Stifel (the “Borrowers”) entered into an unsecured credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). Concurrently with, and conditional upon, the effectiveness of the Credit Agreement, all of the commitments under the Borrowers’ existing $500.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility agreement were terminated.

The Credit Agreement has a maturity date of September 27, 2028, and provides for a committed unsecured borrowing facility for maximum aggregate borrowings of up to $750.0 million, depending on the amount of outstanding borrowings of the Borrowers from time to time during the duration of the Credit Agreement. The interest rates on borrowings under the Credit Agreement are variable and based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. The Borrowers can draw upon this line as long as certain restrictive covenants are maintained. Under the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers are required to maintain compliance with a minimum consolidated tangible net worth covenant, as defined, and a maximum consolidated total capitalization ratio covenant, as defined. In addition, Stifel is required to maintain compliance with a minimum regulatory excess net capital percentage covenant, as defined, and our bank subsidiaries are required to maintain their status as well-capitalized, as defined.

Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated and the lending commitments thereunder terminated. The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to similar obligations, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, change of control, and judgment defaults. At June 30, 2025, we hadno advances on the Credit Facility and were in compliance with all covenants and currently do not expect any covenant violations.

NOTE 10 – Senior Notes

The following table summarizes our senior notes as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

(1)

In May 2020, we sold in a registered underwritten public offering, $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.00% senior notes due May 2030. Interest on these senior notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. We may redeem the notes in whole or in part, at our option, at a redemption price equal to the greater of a)100% of their principal amount, or b) discounted present value at Treasury rate plus 50 basis points prior to February 15, 2030, and on or after February 15, 2030, at 100% of their principal amount, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption.

(2)

In October 2017, we completed the pricing of a registered underwritten public offering of $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.20% senior notes due October 2047. Interest on the senior notes is payable quarterly in arrears. We may redeem some or all of the senior notes at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed plus accrued interest thereon to the redemption date. On October 27, 2017, we completed the sale of an additional $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes pursuant to the over-allotment option.

Our senior notes mature as follows, based upon contractual terms(in thousands):

NOTE 11 – Bank Deposits

Deposits consist of interest-bearing demand deposits (primarily money market and savings accounts), non-interest bearing demand deposits, and certificates of deposit. Deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows(in thousands):

The weighted-average interest rate on deposits was 2.67% and 3.22% at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Certificates of deposit, of $0.1 million and greater, due within one year at June 30, 2025 was $127.4 million.

At June 30, 2025, related party deposits, primarily interest-bearing and time deposits of executive officers, directors, and their affiliates were immaterial. At December 31, 2024, bank deposits include related party deposits, primarily interest-bearing and time deposits of executive officers, directors, and their affiliates were $2.5 million. Brokerage customers’ deposits were $24.9 billion and $27.1 billion, respectively.

NOTE 12 – Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We manage the interest rate risk associated with our derivative transactions with customers by entering into offsetting positions with other derivative dealers, resulting in a substantially “matched book” portfolio. These interest rate contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Credit risk associated with its derivative transactions is managed through a variety of measures, including initial and ongoing periodic underwriting of its counterparties’ creditworthiness, establishment of customer credit limits, and collateral maintenance requirements for customer exposures that exceed certain preset thresholds.

Our policy is not to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements.

The following tables provide the notional values and fair values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

The scheduled maturities of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2025, are as follows(in thousands):

The following table presents the distribution of customer interest rate derivative transactions, by derivative product, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

NOTE 13 – Disclosures About Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following table provides information about financial assets and derivative assets that are subject to offset as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

(1)

Securities borrowing transactions are included in receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations on the consolidated statements of financial condition. See Note 3 in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations.

(2)

Available collateral includes securities received from the counterparty. These securities are not included on the consolidated statements of financial condition unless there is an event of default. The fair value of securities received as collateral was $636.0 million and $524.7 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(3)

Available collateral includes securities received from the counterparty. These securities are not included on the consolidated statements of financial condition unless there is an event of default. The fair value of securities received as collateral was $58.9 million and $70.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table provides information about financial liabilities and derivative liabilities that are subject to offset as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024(in thousands):

(4)

Securities lending transactions are included in payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations on the consolidated statements of financial condition. See Note 3 in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations.

(5)

Collateral pledged includes the fair value of securities pledged to the counterparty. These securities are included on the consolidated statements of financial condition unless we default. Collateral pledged by our company to the counterparty includes U.S. government agency securities, U.S. government securities, and corporate fixed income securities with market values of $756.2 million and $596.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(6)

Collateral pledged includes the fair value of securities pledged to the counterparty. The fair value of securities pledged as collateral was $16.7 million and $21.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 14 – Commitments, Guarantees, and Contingencies

Broker-Dealer Commitments and Guarantees

In the normal course of business, we enter into underwriting commitments. Settlement of transactions relating to such underwriting commitments, which were open at June 30, 2025, had no material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

As a part of our fixed income public finance operations, we enter into forward commitments to purchase agency mortgage-backed securities. In order to hedge the market interest rate risk to which we would otherwise be exposed between the date of the commitment and date of sale of the mortgage-backed securities, we enter into to be announced (“TBA”) security contracts with investors for generic mortgage-backed securities at specific rates and prices to be delivered on settlement dates in the future. We may be subject to loss if the timing of, or the actual amount of, the mortgage-backed security differs significantly from the term and notional amount of the TBA security contract to which we entered. These TBA securities and related purchase commitment are accounted for at fair value. As of June 30, 2025, the fair value of the TBA securities and the estimated fair value of the purchase commitments were $171.8 million.

We also provide guarantees to securities clearinghouses and exchanges under their standard membership agreement, which requires members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreement, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. Our liability under these agreements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities we have posted as collateral. However, the potential requirement for us to make payments under these arrangements is considered remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these arrangements.

Other Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, Stifel Bancorp has commitments to extend credit in the form of commitments to originate loans, standby letters of credit, and lines of credit. See Note 21 in the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Weprovide investment, capital-raising, and related services to a diverse group of domestic customers, including governments, corporations, and institutional and individual investors. Our exposure to credit risk associated with the non-performance of customers infulfilling their contractual obligations pursuant to securities transactions can be directly impacted by volatile securities markets, credit markets, and regulatory changes. This exposure is measured on an individual customer basis and on a group basis for customers that share similar attributes. To reduce the potential for risk concentrations, counterparty credit limits have been implemented for certain products and are continually monitored in light of changing customer and market conditions. As of June 30, 2025, we did not have significant concentrations of credit risk with any one customer or counterparty, or any group of customers or counterparties.

NOTE 15 – Legal Proceedings

The Company and its subsidiaries are named in and subject to various proceedings and claims arising primarily from our securities business activities, including lawsuits, arbitration claims, class actions, and regulatory matters. The Company and its subsidiaries are also involved in other reviews, investigations, and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory organizations regarding our business, which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, and other relief. The Company is contesting allegations in these claims, and it believes that there are meritorious defenses in each of these lawsuits, arbitrations, and regulatory investigations. In view of the number and diversity of claims against the Company, the number of jurisdictions in which litigation is pending, and the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation and other claims, the Company generally cannot predict the eventual outcome of the pending matters, timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters, or eventual loss, fines, or penalties related to each pending matter. Matters frequently need to be more developed before a loss or range of loss can reasonably be estimated.

As a matter develops, the Company, in conjunction with outside counsel, evaluates whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable, and, for the matters disclosed below, whether a loss in excess of any accrued liability is reasonably possible in future periods. Once the loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, the Company will establish an accrued liability. The Company continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible aggregate loss for such matters and for any other matters described below where management has been able to estimate a range of possible aggregate loss to be approximately $100.0 million in excess of the aggregate reserves for such matters.

The accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are based upon currently available information and subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are unpredictable and may change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate and accrual. The estimated range of possible loss does not represent the Company’s maximum loss exposure.

Based on currently available information, review with outside legal counsel, and consideration of accrued liabilities, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including matters described below, will have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, resolution of one or more of these matters may have a material effect on the results of operations in any future period, depending upon the ultimate resolution of those matters and depending upon the level of income for such period. For matters where a liability has not been established and for which the Company believes a loss is reasonably possible, as well as for matters where an accrual has been recorded but for which an exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued is reasonably possible, based on currently available information, the Company believes that such losses will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

CFTC Investigation of Communications Recordkeeping

The Company has been contacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) in connection with an investigation of the Company’s compliance with records preservation requirements for off-channel communications relating to the broker-dealer or investment adviser business activities of the Company using personally owned communications devices and/or messaging platforms that have not been approved by the Company. In August 2024, the CFTC provided the Company with a settlement offer, which the Company declined to accept, and the matter has been dormant since that time. The Company has established an accrual for potential losses that are probable and reasonably estimable, but at this time, based upon currently available information, the Company is unaware whether the matter will proceed and, if so, is not able to state with certainty that a settlement will be achieved or the ultimate resolution of the matter.

FINRA Arbitration Matters

On March 12, 2025, a three-person FINRA arbitration panel entered an award in a customer arbitration against the Company's brokerage subsidiary, Stifel, in the amount of $132.5 million, consisting of $26.5 million in compensatory damages, $79.5 million in punitive damages, and $26.5 million in attorneys’ fees and costs. The arbitration involved claims by four family members arising out of their investments, principally in structured notes, through a Stifel private wealth advisor. The Company believes the award is legally defective and excessive in amount and has filed a petition seeking to have the award vacated, although the Company can provide no assurance that its efforts will be successful.

This is the third adverse arbitration award against Stifel by former customers of the same private wealth advisor relating to substantially similar investment activities. The firm has resolved some additional arbitration claims making similar allegations that were filed by other customers of the same advisor, but nineteen additional such claims have been filed that are yet to be resolved or adjudicated. The

Company’s estimate of losses that may be sought by the customers whose claims have been filed but not yet resolved or adjudicated do not take into consideration claims for enhanced damages or attorneys’ fees. While we continue to believe that Stifel has viable defenses to at least limit its liability in these additional cases, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to settle these claims or will be successful in defending them on the merits, or that these claims will not result in material liability to the Company.

Cash Sweeps Litigation

Beginning in March 2025, the Company and certain of its affiliates were named as defendants in multiple putative class actions pending in the federal district court for the Eastern District of Missouri. The class action claims have been brought on behalf of customers who had cash deposits or balances in the Stifel Insured Bank Deposit Program or the Stifel Insured Bank Deposit Program for Retirement Accounts, alleging various contractual, fiduciary and statutory claims based on the allegation that the Company failed to pay a reasonable rate of interest on its cash sweep products. Together, the complaints seek unspecified compensatory damages, equitable relief, and treble damages. The cases are at an early stage with a request for consolidation currently pending. While there can be no assurance that we will be successful, we intend to vigorously defend the claims.

NOTE 16 – Regulatory Capital Requirements

We operate in a highly regulated environment and are subject to capital requirements, which may limit distributions to our company from its subsidiaries. Distributions from our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to net capital rules. A broker-dealer that fails to comply with the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) may be subject to disciplinary actions by the SEC and self-regulatory organizations, such as FINRA, including censures, fines, suspension, or expulsion. Stifel has chosen to calculate its net capital under the alternative method, which prescribes that their net capital shall not be less than the greater of $1.0 million ortwo percent of aggregate debit balances (primarily receivables from customers) computed in accordance with the SEC’s Customer Protection Rule (Rule 15c3-3). Our other broker-dealer subsidiaries calculate their net capital under the aggregate indebtedness method, whereby their aggregate indebtedness may not be greater than fifteen times their net capital (as defined).

At June 30, 2025, Stifel had net capital of $381.9 million, which was 30.2% of aggregate debit items and $356.6 million in excess of its minimum required net capital. At December 31, 2024, Stifel had net capital of $449.5 million, which was 37.4% of aggregate debit items and $425.5 million in excess of its minimum required net capital. At June 30, 2025, all of our other broker-dealer subsidiaries’ net capital exceeded the minimum net capital required under the SEC rule.

Our international subsidiary, SNEL, is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in the United Kingdom. At June 30, 2025, our international subsidiary’s capital and reserves were in excess of the financial resources requirement under the rules of the FCA.

Our Canadian subsidiary, SNC, is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”). At June 30, 2025, SNC’s net capital and reserves were in excess of the financial resources requirement under the rules of the CIRO.

Our company, as a bank holding company, Stifel Bank & Trust, Stifel Bank, Stifel Trust Company, N.A., and Stifel Trust Company, Delaware, N.A., (collectively, “banking subsidiaries”), are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our company’s and its banking subsidiaries’ financial results. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, our company and its banking subsidiaries must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our company’s and its banking subsidiaries’ capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Under the Basel III rules, the quantity and quality of regulatory capital increased, a capital conservation buffer was established, selected changes were made to the calculation of risk-weighted assets, and a new ratio, common equity Tier 1 was introduced, all of which are applicable to both our company and its banking subsidiaries.

Our company and its banking subsidiaries are required to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Total and Tier 1 capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined), and under rules defined in Basel III, Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. Our company and its banking subsidiaries each calculate these ratios in order to assess compliance with both regulatory requirements and their internal capital policies. At current capital levels, our company and its banking subsidiaries are each categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” our company and its banking subsidiaries must maintain total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios.

The amounts and ratios for Stifel Financial Corp., Stifel Bank & Trust, and Stifel Bank as of June 30, 2025 are represented in the tables below(in thousands, except ratios).

The amounts and ratios for Stifel Financial Corp., Stifel Bank & Trust, and Stifel Bank as of December 31, 2024, are represented in the tables below(in thousands, except ratios).

NOTE 17 – Operating Leases

Our operating leases primarily relate to office space and office equipment with remaining lease terms of 1 to 14 years. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, operating lease right-of-use assets were $815.0 million and $809.2 million, respectively, and lease liabilities were $876.9 million and $867.4 million, respectively.

The tables below summarize our net lease cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024(in thousands):

Operating lease costs are included in occupancy and equipment rental in the consolidated statements of operations.

The table below summarizes other information related to our operating leases as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025(in thousands):

The weighted average discount rate represents our company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease inception date.

The table below presents information about operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2025,(in thousands, except percentages).

Aircraft Engine Operating Leases

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had a total lease portfolio of 12 aircraft engines with a net book value of $68.2 million. The aircraft engines were purchased by the Company, through its subsidiaries, during 2024. See Note 25 for additional information.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold 5 aircraft engines with a net book value of $42.1 million and recognized a gain from the sale of $28.5 million, which is included in principal transactions in the consolidated statements of operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold 6 aircraft engines with a net book value of $53.1 million and recognized a gain from the sale of $32.1 million, which is included in principal transactions in the consolidated statements of operations.

Lease income, included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations, was $2.6 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $6.5 million and $9.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

NOTE 18 – Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents the Company’s total revenues broken out by revenues from contracts with customers and other sources of revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024(in thousands):

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised services to the customers. A service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that we determine the customer obtains control over the promised service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third parties.

The following provides detailed information on the recognition of our revenues from contracts with customers:

Commissions. We earn commission revenue by executing, settling, and clearing transactions for clients primarily in OTC and listed equity securities, insurance products, and options. Trade execution and clearing and custody services, when provided together, represent a single performance obligation as the services are not separately identifiable in the context of the contract. Commission revenues associated with combined trade execution and clearing and custody services, as well as trade execution services on a standalone basis, are recognized at a point in time on trade-date. Commission revenues are generally paid on settlement date and we record a receivable between trade-date and payment on settlement date.

Investment Banking. We provide our clients with a full range of capital markets and financial advisory services. Capital markets services include underwriting and placement agent services in both the equity and debt capital markets, including private equity placements, initial public offerings, follow-on offerings, underwriting and distributing public and private debt.

Capital-raising revenues are recognized at a point in time on trade-date, as the client obtains the control and benefit of the capital markets offering at that point. Costs associated with capital-raising transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded, and are recorded on a gross basis within other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations as we are acting as a principal in the arrangement. Any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as investment banking revenues.

Revenues from financial advisory services primarily consist of fees generated in connection with merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions. Advisory revenues from mergers and acquisitions engagements are recognized at a point in time when the related transaction is completed, as the performance obligation is to successfully broker a specific transaction. Fees received prior to the completion of the transaction are deferred within accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Advisory revenues from restructuring engagements are recognized over time using a time elapsed measure of progress as our clients simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of those services as they are provided. A significant portion of the fees we receive for our advisory services are considered variable as they are contingent upon a future event (e.g., completion of a transaction or third party emergence from bankruptcy) and are excluded from the transaction price until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved, which is expected to occur upon achievement of the specified milestone. Payment for advisory services are generally due promptly upon completion of a specified milestone or, for retainer fees, periodically over the course of the engagement. We recognize a receivable between the date of completion of the milestone and payment by the customer. Expenses associated with investment banking advisory engagements are deferred only to the extent they are explicitly reimbursable by the client and the related revenue is recognized at the same time as the associated expense. All other investment banking advisory related expenses, including expenses incurred related to restructuring assignments, are expensed as incurred. All investment banking advisory expenses are recognized within other operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as investment banking revenues.

Asset Management Fees. We earn management and performance fees in connection with investment advisory services provided to institutional and individual clients. Investment advisory fees are charged based on the value of assets in fee-based accounts and are affected by changes in the balances of client assets due to market fluctuations and levels of net new client assets. Fees are charged either in advance based on fixed rates applied to the value of the customers’ account at the beginning of the period or periodically based on contracted rates and account performance. Contracts can be terminated at any time with no incremental payments due to our company upon termination. If the contract is terminated by the customer fees are prorated for the period and fees charged for the post termination period are refundable to the customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers by reportable segment disaggregated by major business activity and primary geographic regions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024(in thousands):

See Note 22 for further break-out of net revenues by geography.

Information on Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized From Past Performance

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at June 30, 2025. Investment banking advisory revenues that are contingent upon completion of a specific milestone and fees associated with certain distribution services are also excluded as the fees are considered variable and not included in the transaction price at June 30, 2025.

Contract Balances

The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

We had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $139.3 million and $142.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. We hadno significant impairments related to these receivables during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Our deferred revenue primarily relates to retainer fees received in investment banking advisory engagements where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenue at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $21.0 million and $19.3 million, respectively, and is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

NOTE 19 – Interest Income and Interest Expense

The components of interest income and interest expense are as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 20 – Employee Incentive, Deferred Compensation, and Retirement Plans

We maintain an incentive stock plan and a wealth accumulation plan (“the Plan”) that provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards, stock units, and debentures (collectively, “deferred awards”) to our associates. We are permitted to issue new shares under all stock award plans approved by shareholders or to reissue our treasury shares. Stock awards issued under our company’s incentive stock plan are granted at market value at the date of grant. Our deferred awards generally vest ratably over aone- toten-year vesting period. We provide compensation to existing employees in the form of cash awards which are subject to ratable vesting terms with service requirements. We amortize these awards to compensation expense over the relevant service period offive years.

Our stock-based compensation plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (“Compensation Committee”), which has the authority to interpret the plans, determine to whom awards may be granted under the plans, and determine the terms of each award. According to the incentive stock plan, we were authorized to grant an additional 2.7 million shares at June 30, 2025.

Expense associated with our stock-based compensation, included in compensation and benefits expense in the consolidated statements of operations for our company’s incentive stock award plan was $32.0 million and $36.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $67.2 million and $70.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Expense associated with our debentures, included in compensation and benefits expense in the consolidated statements of operations was $29.5 million and $30.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $58.4 million and $58.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Deferred Awards

A restricted stock unit represents the right to receive a share of the Company’s common stock at a designated time in the future without cash payment by the associate and is issued in lieu of cash incentive, principally for deferred compensation and employee retention plans. The restricted stock units vest on an annual basis over the nextone toten years and are distributable, if vested, at future specified dates. Restricted stock awards are restricted as to sale or disposition. These restrictions lapse over the nextone totwo years.

The Company grants Performance-based Restricted Stock Units (“PRSUs”) to certain of its executive officers. Under the terms of the grants, the number of PRSUs that will vest and convert to shares will be based on the Company’s achievement of the pre-determined performance objectives during the performance period. The PRSUs will be measured over afour-year performance period and vested over afive-year period. Any resulting delivery of shares for PRSUs granted as part of compensation will occur after four years for 80% of the earned award, and in the fifth year for the remaining 20% of the earned award. The number of shares converted has the potential to range from 0% to 200% based on how the Company performs during the performance period. Compensation expense is amortized over the service period based on the fair value of the deferred award on the grant date. The Company’s pre-determined performance objectives must be met for the awards to vest. Associates forfeit unvested deferred awards upon termination of employment with a corresponding reversal of compensation expense. Certain deferred awards may continue to vest under certain circumstances as described in the Plan. At June 30, 2025, the total number of restricted stock units, PRSUs, and restricted stock awards outstanding was 12.4 million, of which 11.4 million were unvested.

At June 30, 2025, there was unrecognized compensation cost for deferred awards of approximately $857.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Plan is provided to certain revenue producers, officers, and key administrative associates, whereby a certain percentage of their incentive compensation is deferred as defined by the Plan into company stock units, restricted stock, and debentures. Participants may elect to defer a portion of their incentive compensation. Deferred awards generally vest over aone- toten-year period and are distributable upon vesting or at future specified dates. Deferred compensation costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Elective deferrals are 100% vested.

Additionally, the Plan allows Stifel financial advisors who achieve certain levels of production the ability to earn deferred awards. These financial advisors can earn 5-6% of their gross commissions that is contributed to their mandatory deferral. The mandatory deferral is split between company restricted stock units and debentures. They have the option to defer an additional 1% of gross commissions into company stock units.

In addition, certain revenue producers, upon joining the Company, may receive company stock units in lieu of transition cash payments. Deferred compensation related to these awards generally vests over aone- toeight-year period. Deferred compensation costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the deferral period.

Profit Sharing Plan

Eligible U.S. associates of the Company who have met certain service requirements may participate in the Stifel Financial Corp. Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). Associates are permitted within limitations imposed by tax law to make pre-tax contributions to the 401(k) Plan. We may match certain associate contributions or make additional contributions to the 401(k) Plan at our discretion. Our contributions to the 401(k) Plan, included in compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations, were $12.0 million and $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $15.1 million and $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

NOTE 21 – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk

In the normal course of business, we execute, settle, and finance customer and proprietary securities transactions. These activities expose our company to off-balance sheet risk in the event that customers or other parties fail to satisfy their obligations.

In accordance with industry practice, securities transactions generally settle withinone business day after trade date. Should a customer or broker fail to deliver cash or securities as agreed, we may be required to purchase or sell securities at unfavorable market prices.

We borrow and lend securities to facilitate the settlement process and finance transactions, utilizing customer margin securities held as collateral. We monitor the adequacy of collateral levels on a daily basis. We periodically borrow from banks on a collateralized basis, utilizing firm and customer margin securities in compliance with SEC rules. Should the counterparty fail to return customer securities pledged, we are subject to the risk of acquiring the securities at prevailing market prices in order to satisfy our customer obligations. We control our exposure to credit risk by continually monitoring our counterparties’ positions, and where deemed necessary, we may require a deposit of additional collateral and/or a reduction or diversification of positions. Our company sells securities it does not currently own (short sales) and is obligated to subsequently purchase such securities at prevailing market prices. We are exposed to risk of loss if securities prices increase prior to closing the transactions. We control our exposure to price risk from short sales through daily review and setting position and trading limits.

We manage our risks associated with the aforementioned transactions through position and credit limits and the continuous monitoring of collateral. Additional collateral is required from customers and other counterparties when appropriate.

We have accepted collateral in connection with resale agreements, securities borrowed transactions, and customer margin loans. Under many agreements, we are permitted to sell or repledge these securities held as collateral and use these securities to enter into securities lending arrangements or to deliver to counterparties to cover short positions. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of securities accepted as collateral where we are permitted to sell or repledge the securities was $2.1 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the collateral that had been sold or repledged was $719.4 million and $580.2 million, respectively.

We enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Our derivative financial instruments are principally used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of our known or expected cash payments related to certain variable-rate affiliated deposits. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments. Our interest rate hedging strategies may not work in all market environments and, as a result, may not be effective in mitigating interest rate risk.

Derivatives’ notional contract amounts are not reflected as assets or liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Rather, the market or fair value of the derivative transactions are reported in the consolidated statements of financial condition as other assets or accounts payable and accrued expenses, as applicable. For a complete discussion of our activities related to derivative instruments, see Note 12 in the notes to consolidated financial statements.

In the ordinary course of business, Stifel Bancorp has commitments to originate loans, standby letters of credit, and lines of credit. Commitments to originate loans are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established by the contract. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash commitments. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if necessary, is based on the credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate, and residential real estate.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Stifel Bancorp had outstanding commitments to originate loans aggregating $299.7 million and $207.2 million, respectively. The commitments extended over varying periods of time, with all commitments at June 30, 2025, scheduled to be disbursed in the following three months.

Through Stifel Bancorp, in the normal course of business, we originate residential mortgage loans and sell them to investors. We may be required to repurchase mortgage loans that have been sold to investors in the event there are breaches of certain representations and warranties contained within the sales agreements. We may be required to repurchase mortgage loans that were sold to investors in the event that there was inadequate underwriting or fraud, or in the event that the loans become delinquent shortly after they are originated. We also may be required to indemnify certain purchasers and others against losses they incur in the event of breaches of representations and warranties and in various other circumstances, and the amount of such losses could exceed the repurchase amount of the related loans. Consequently, we may be exposed to credit risk associated with sold loans.

Standby letters of credit are irrevocable conditional commitments issued by Stifel Bancorp to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Financial standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Performance standby letters of credit are issued to guarantee performance of certain customers under non-financial contractual obligations. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Should Stifel Bancorp be obligated to perform under the standby letters of credit, it may seek recourse from the customer for reimbursement of amounts paid. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Stifel Bancorp had outstanding letters of credit totaling $67.2 million and $40.6 million, respectively. A majority of the standby letters of credit commitments at June 30, 2025, have expiration terms that are less thanone year.

Lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates. Stifel Bancorp uses the same credit policies in granting lines of credit as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Stifel Bancorp had granted unused lines of credit to commercial and consumer borrowers aggregating $5.8 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively.

We are required to evaluate our loan portfolio for any expected losses with recognition of an allowance for credit losses, when applicable. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments was $30.7 million and $30.7 million, respectively.

NOTE 22 – Segment Reporting

We currently operate through the following three business segments: Global Wealth Management, Institutional Group, and various corporate activities combined in the Other segment. Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Our CODM regularly reviews segment net revenues, compensation and benefits expense, non-compensation operating expenses, and income before income taxes. Amounts included in non-compensation operating expenses include “Occupancy and equipment rental,” “Communications and office supplies,” “Commissions and floor brokerage,” “Provision for credit losses,” and “Other operating expenses.”

Global Wealth Management

The Global Wealth Management segment consists oftwo businesses, the Private Client Group and Stifel Bancorp. The Private Client Group includes branch offices and independent contractor offices of our broker-dealer subsidiaries located throughout the United States. These branches provide securities brokerage services, including the sale of equities, mutual funds, fixed income products, and insurance, as well as offering banking products to their clients through our bank subsidiaries, which provide residential, consumer, and commercial lending, as well as FDIC-insured deposit accounts to customers of our private client group and to the general public.

The success of our Global Wealth Management segment is dependent upon the quality of our products, services, financial advisors, and support personnel, including our ability to attract, retain, and motivate a sufficient number of these associates. We face competition for qualified associates from major financial services companies, including other brokerage firms, insurance companies, banking institutions, and discount brokerage firms. Segment revenue growth and operating income are used to evaluate and measure segment performance by our CODM in assessing performance and deciding how to allocate resources.

Institutional Group

The Institutional Group segment includes institutional sales and trading. It provides securities brokerage, trading, and research services to institutions, with an emphasis on the sale of equity and fixed income products. This segment also includes the management of and participation in underwritings for both corporate and public finance (exclusive of sales credits generated through the private client group, which are included in the Global Wealth Management segment), merger and acquisition, and financial advisory services.

The success of our Institutional Group segment is dependent upon the quality of our personnel, the quality and selection of our investment products and services, pricing (such as execution pricing and fee levels), and reputation. Segment revenue growth and operating income are used to evaluate and measure segment performance by our CODM in assessing performance and deciding how to allocate resources.

Other

The Other segment includes interest income from stock borrow activities, unallocated interest expense, interest income and gains and losses from investments held, amortization of stock-based awards, and all unallocated overhead cost associated with the execution of orders; processing of securities transactions; custody of client securities; receipt, identification, and delivery of funds and securities; compliance with regulatory and legal requirements; internal financial accounting and controls; and general administration and acquisition charges.

Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to consolidated net income available to common shareholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows(in thousands):

(1)

No individual client accounted for more than 10 percent of total net revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following table presents our company’s total assets on a segment basis at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

We have operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and Canada. The Company’s foreign operations are conducted through its wholly owned subsidiaries, SNEL and SNC. Substantially all long-lived assets are located in the United States.

Net revenues, classified by the major geographic areas in which they were earned for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, were as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 23 – Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. Diluted earnings per share include dilutive stock options and stock units under the treasury stock method.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024(in thousands, except per share data):

(1)

Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Diluted earnings per share include units.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the anti-dilutive effect from restricted stock units was immaterial.

Cash Dividends

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.46 and $0.92 per common share. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.42 and $0.84 per common share.

NOTE 24 – Shareholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Program

We have an ongoing authorization from the Board of Directors to repurchase our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. At June 30, 2025, the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under this plan was 8.2 million. The repurchase program has no expiration date. These purchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, depending upon market conditions and other factors. Repurchased shares may be used to meet obligations under our company’s employee benefit plans and for general corporate purposes.

The following table presents the Company’s share repurchase activity using existing Board authorizations during the three and six months ending June 30, 2025 and 2024(in thousands, except average price):

Issuance of Common Stock from Treasury

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we issued 1.9 million shares of common stock from treasury, primarily a result of vesting and exercise transactions under our incentive stock award plans.

NOTE 25 – Variable Interest Entities

Our variable interests in VIEs include debt and equity interests, commitments, certain fees, the establishment of Stifel Financial Capital Trusts, and our issuance of a convertible promissory note.

Our involvement with VIEs arises primarily from the following activities: purchases of securities in connection with our trading and secondary market-making activities; retained interests held as a result of securitization activities; and loans to, investments in, and fees from various investment vehicles.

Securitization Interests

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company purchased the E-Certificates of Turbine Engines Securitization Ltd. (“Turbine”). The purchase of these Turbine E-Certificates represents 100% of the equity of Turbine. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company purchased additional membership interests in Stifel Aviation Finance II, LLC (“SAF II”). The purchase of the additional membership interests gave the Company a controlling financial interest in SAF II. The Company has determined the interest it holds in these VIEs requires consolidation in its financial statements, as it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value as of the respective consolidation dates. At June 30, 2025, the assets primarily consist of aircraft engines that are under operating leases, included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. See Note 17 for additional information. The liabilities primarily consist of debt, included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.

The following tables present the aggregate assets and liabilities from those VIEs in which we hold a variable interest and have concluded that we are the primary beneficiary(in thousands):

Debt and Equity Investments

The Company’s investment in and additional capital commitments to these investment vehicles are considered variable interests. The Company’s additional capital commitments are subject to call and are limited to the amount committed. These investment vehicles have net assets, primarily consisting of investments, aircraft engine-related assets, and debt. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, and therefore, we do not consolidate these entities. Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value.

Partnership Interests

We have formed several non-consolidated investment funds with third-party investors that are typically organized as limited liability companies (“LLCs”) or limited partnerships. These investment vehicles have assets primarily consisting of private and public equity investments. For those funds where we act as the general partner, our company’s economic interest is generally limited to management fee arrangements as stipulated by the fund operating agreements. We have generally provided the third-party investors with rights to terminate the funds or to remove us as the general partner. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, and therefore, we do not consolidate these entities.

The following tables present the aggregate assets, liabilities, and the maximum exposure to loss from those VIEs in which we hold a variable interest, but as to which we have concluded we are not the primary beneficiary(in thousands):

Debenture to Stifel Financial Capital Trusts

We have completed private placements of cumulative trust preferred securities through Stifel Financial Capital Trust II, Stifel Financial Capital Trust III, and Stifel Financial Capital Trust IV (collectively, the “Trusts”). The Trusts are non-consolidated wholly owned business trust subsidiaries of our company and were established for the limited purpose of issuing trust securities to third parties and lending the proceeds to our company.

The trust preferred securities represent an indirect interest in junior subordinated debentures purchased from our company by the Trusts, and we effectively provide for the full and unconditional guarantee of the securities issued by the Trusts. We make timely payments of interest to the Trusts as required by contractual obligations, which are sufficient to cover payments due on the securities issued by the Trusts, and believe that it is unlikely that any circumstances would occur that would make it necessary for our company to make payments related to these Trusts other than those required under the terms of the debenture agreements and the trust preferred securities agreements. The Trusts were determined to be VIEs because the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have adequate decision-making ability over the Trust’s activities. Our investment in the Trusts is not a variable interest, because equity interests are variable interests only to the extent that the investment is considered to be at risk. Because our investment was funded by the Trusts, it is not considered to be at risk.