Quest Resource Holding Corp

Previous wording

We are a national provider of waste and recycling services to customers from across multiple industry sectors that are typically larger, multi-location businesses. We create customer-specific programs and perform the related services for the collection, processing, recycling, disposal, and tracking of waste streams and recyclables. We also provide information and data that tracks and reports the detailed transactional and environmental results of our services and provides actionable data to improve business operations. The data we generate also enables our customers to address their business, sustainability, environmental, social and governance goals and responsibilities.

Current wording

We are a national provider of waste and recycling services to customers from across multiple industry sectors that are typically larger, multi-location businesses. We create customer-specific programs and perform the related services for the collection, processing, recycling, disposal, and tracking of waste streams and recyclables to maximize resource utilization. Our programs and services enable our customers to address their business sustainability and environmental, social and governance goals and responsibilities.

Previous wording

Our revenue is primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal and services for both solid waste and recyclable materials and from sales of recyclable materials. In addition, we have product sales and other revenue primarily from sales of products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid, as well as minor ancillary services.

Current wording

Our revenue is primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal and services for both solid waste and recyclable materials and from sales of recyclable materials. In addition, we offer products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid, dumpster and compacting equipment, and other minor ancillary services.

Previous wording

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 Operating Results

Current wording

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 Operating Results

Previous wording

The following table summarizes our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Current wording

The following table summarizes our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Previous wording

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024, compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Current wording

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025, compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

Previous wording

There has been heightened uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, and concerns that the U.S. economy may fall into a recession since the Federal Reserve began aggressively raising interest rates in March 2022 to address persistently high inflation. There are also significant geopolitical concerns, including the current conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the Israel-Hamas war, which have created extreme volatility in the global capital markets and are expected to have further global economic consequences, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets. Any such volatility and disruptions may have adverse consequences on us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets continue to deteriorate, including as a result of political unrest or war, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive. Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing our costs, including salary costs. Any significant increases in inflation and related increases in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Current wording

There has been heightened uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, characterized by increasing unemployment, significant inflation, tariffs, and decreased consumer and business spending. There are also significant geopolitical concerns, including the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which have created extreme volatility in the global capital markets and are expected to have further global economic consequences, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets. Any such volatility and disruptions may have adverse consequences on us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, including as a result of political unrest or war, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive. Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing our costs, including salary costs. Any significant increases in inflation and related increases in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Previous wording

Cost of revenue increased $3.1 million to $61.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 from $58.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. We experienced higher cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 due to onboarding and ramping up of new customers. Cost of revenue decreased $1.2 million to $179.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $180.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The changes were primarily due to the same reasons impacting the decrease in revenue.

Current wording

Cost of revenue decreased $(1.1) million to $57.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 from $58.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The changes in cost of revenue were mostly directly related to the changes in revenue. We also experienced higher cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 due to onboarding and ramping up of new customers.

Previous wording

Gross profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was $11.7 million, compared to $12.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The gross profit margin was 16.1% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to 17.7% for the same quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 by approximately 2% due to a combination of temporarily lower revenues and higher cost of revenue for an isolated group of customers in a specific end market. Additionally, margins were impacted in the quarter by approximately 1% as new customers typically come on board at lower margins and can take multiple quarters to ramp. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $39.3 million, compared to $38.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The gross profit margin was 18.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 17.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The changes in gross profit and gross profit margin percentage for the quarter and year to date periods were primarily due to the net impacts of the changes in both revenue and cost of revenue combined with broad margin gains across most of our business.

Current wording

Gross profit for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 was $10.9 million, compared to $14.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The gross profit margin was 16.0% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to 19.3% for the same quarter of 2024. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 by approximately 2.0% due to a combination of temporarily lower revenues and higher cost of revenue for an isolated group of customers in a specific end market. Additionally, margins were impacted in the quarter by approximately 1.0% as new customers typically come on board at lower margins and can take multiple quarters to ramp up.

Previous wording

Revenue, gross profit, and gross profit margins are affected period to period by the volumes of waste and recyclable materials generated by our customers, the frequency and type of services provided, the price and mix of the services provided, price changes for recyclable materials, the cost and mix of subcontracted services provided in any one reporting period, and the timing of acquisitions and integration. Volumes of waste and recyclable materials generated by our customers is impacted period to period based on several factors including their production or sales levels, demand of their product or services in the market, supply chain reliability, and labor force stability, among other business factors.

Current wording

Revenue, gross profit, and gross profit margins are affected period to period by the volumes of waste and recyclable materials generated by our customers, the frequency and type of services provided, the price and mix of the services provided, price changes for recyclable materials, the cost and mix of subcontracted services provided in any one reporting period, and the timing of acquisitions and divestitures. Volumes of waste and recyclable materials generated by our customers is impacted period to period based on several factors including their production or sales levels, demand of their product or services in the market, supply chain reliability, and labor force stability, among other business factors.

Previous wording

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $10.3 million and $9.6 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase primarily relates to increases in labor related expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $29.5 million and $28.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase primarily relates to increases in labor related expenses and certain professional fees.

Current wording

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $11.4 million and $9.8 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase primarily relates to increases in labor related expenses which included $0.7 million in severance and retirement expenses in the current quarter. We reduced headcount beginning late in the first quarter of 2025 as a result of operational efficiency initiatives. We expect to realize cost savings of the headcount reduction beginning in the second quarter of 2025.

Previous wording

Operating expenses for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 included depreciation and amortization of $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 included depreciation and amortization of $7.1 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

Current wording

Operating expenses for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 included depreciation and amortization of $1.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Previous wording

Interest expense was $2.7 million and $2.4 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest expense was $7.8 million and $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is primarily due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our equipment term loan, partially offset by reduced borrowings from voluntary paydowns on the term loan in 2023. We are amortizing debt issuance costs of $3.8 million and OID of $1.8 million to interest expense over the life of the related debt arrangements as discussed in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

Interest expense was $2.3 million and $2.5 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to lower interest rates, partially offset by increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our equipment term loan. We are amortizing debt issuance costs of $4.8 million and OID of $1.8 million to interest expense over the life of the related debt arrangements as discussed in Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Previous wording

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(0.3) million and a provision for income taxes of $0.1 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We recorded a provision for income tax of $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The provision/(benefit) for income tax is primarily attributable to state tax obligations based on current estimated state tax apportionments for states with no net operating loss carryforwards, federal income tax after anticipated utilization of all federal net operating loss carryforwards by year end, and other timing differences.

Current wording

We recorded an income tax benefit of $(22) thousand and a provision for income taxes of $59 thousand for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The provision/(benefit) for income tax is primarily attributable to state tax obligations based on current estimated state tax income/(loss) multiplied by the state tax apportionment percentage for states with no net operating loss carryforwards.

Previous wording

We recorded a full valuation allowance against all our deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. We intend on maintaining a full valuation allowance on our DTAs until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. However, given our current earnings and anticipated future earnings, webelieve that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next 12 to 24 months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain DTAs and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change based on the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve.

Current wording

We recorded a full valuation allowance against all our deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We intend on maintaining a full valuation allowance on our DTAs until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. However, given our anticipated future earnings, webelieve that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next 48 to 60 months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain DTAs and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change based on the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve.

Previous wording

Net loss for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was $(3.4) million, compared to net loss of $(2.1) million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $(5.6) million, compared to net loss of $(5.0) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The explanations above detail the majority of the changes related to the change in net results.

Current wording

Net loss for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 was $(10.4) million, compared to net loss of $(0.7) million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The explanations above detail the majority of the changes related to the change in net results.

Previous wording

Our operating results, including revenue, operating expenses, and operating margins, will vary from period to period depending on commodity prices of recyclable materials, the volumes and mix of services provided, as well as customer mix during the reporting period, and the timing of acquisitions and integration.

Current wording

Our operating results, including revenue, operating expenses, and operating margins, will vary from period to period depending on commodity prices of recyclable materials, the volumes and mix of services provided, as well as customer mix during the reporting period, and the timing of acquisitions and divestitures.

Previous wording

Net loss per basic and diluted share attributable to common stockholders was $(0.16) and $(0.10) for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net loss per basic and diluted share attributable to common stockholders was $(0.27) and $(0.25) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

Net loss per basic and diluted share attributable to common stockholders was $(0.50) and $(0.03) for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

The basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding were approximately 20.7 million and 20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding were approximately 20.5 million and 20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

The basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding were approximately 20.9 million and 20.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below), a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased 31.7% to $2.5 million from $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Adjusted EBITDA increased 0.5% to $12.8 million from $12.7 million for the same period in 2023.

Current wording

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below), a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased 69.6% to $1.6 million from $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Previous wording

The following table reflects the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Current wording

The following table reflects the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Previous wording

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, other adjustments included certain professional fees as well as certain administrative fees related to borrowings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, other adjustments included severance and project costs, as well as certain administrative costs related to borrowings.

Current wording

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, other adjustments primarily related to severance and retirement costs as well as certain professional fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, other adjustments included certain professional fees as well as certain administrative fees related to borrowings.

Previous wording

Adjusted net income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, was $(1.1) million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared with $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Adjusted net income was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared with $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We present adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share, both non-GAAP financial measures, supplementally because they are widely used by investors as a valuation measure in the solid waste industry. Management uses adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share as two of the principal measures to evaluate and monitor the ongoing financial performance of our operations. We provide adjusted net income (loss) to exclude the effects of items management believes impact the comparability of operating results between periods. Adjusted net income (loss) has limitations due to the fact that it excludes items that have an impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share are not a substitute for, and should be used in conjunction with, GAAP financial measures. Other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently. Our adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are calculated as follows:

Current wording

Adjusted net income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, was $(2.9) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared with $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We present adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share, both non-GAAP financial measures, supplementally because they are widely used by investors as a valuation measure in the solid waste industry. Management uses adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share as two of the principal measures to evaluate and monitor the ongoing financial performance of our operations. We provide adjusted net income (loss) to exclude the effects of items management believes impact the comparability of operating results between periods. Adjusted net income (loss) has limitations due to the fact that it excludes items that have an impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share are not a substitute for, and should be used in conjunction with, GAAP financial measures. Other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently. Our adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted net income (loss) per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are calculated as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

Previous wording

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents of $1.1 million, our borrowing availability under our $35.0 million ABL Facility (as defined and discussed in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements), and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. Our known current- and long-term uses of cash include, among other possible demands, capital expenditures, lease payments and repayments to service debt and other long-term obligations. We have no agreements, commitments, or understandings with respect to any such placements of our securities and any such placements could be dilutive to our stockholders.

Current wording

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 million, our borrowing availability under our $45.0 million ABL Facility (as defined and discussed in Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements), and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. Our known current- and long-term uses of cash include, among other possible demands, capital expenditures, lease payments and repayments to service debt and other long-term obligations. We have no agreements, commitments, or understandings with respect to any such placements of our securities and any such placements could be dilutive to our stockholders.

Previous wording

The following discussion relates to the major components of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Current wording

The following discussion relates to the major components of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Previous wording

Net cash used in operating activities was $(1.3) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities was $(1.1) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with net cash used in operating activities of $(1.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Previous wording

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

Previous wording

non-cash items of $10.5 million, which primarily related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and debt issuance costs, provision for doubtful accounts, and stock-based compensation; and

Current wording

other non-cash items of $2.9 million, which primarily related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and debt issuance costs, provision for doubtful accounts, and stock-based compensation; and

Previous wording

net cash provided by the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $1.1 million, primarily associated with relative changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities.

Current wording

net cash provided by the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $0.3 million, primarily associated with relative changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

Previous wording

non-cash items of $10.8 million, which primarily related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and debt issuance costs, provision for doubtful accounts, and stock-based compensation; and

Current wording

non-cash items of $3.7 million, which primarily related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and debt issuance costs, provision for doubtful accounts, and stock-based compensation; and

Previous wording

net cash used in the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $(6.5) million, primarily associated with relative changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, including an earn-out payment of $(1.0) million.

Current wording

net cash used in the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $(4.7) million, primarily associated with relative changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. This includes an earn-out payment of $(1.0) million.

Previous wording

Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $(5.2) million and primarily related to the purchase of compactors and related equipment. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $(1.3) million. Other investing activities are primarily from purchases of intangible assets such as software development costs and other property and equipment.

Current wording

Cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $4.5 million and primarily related to $5.0 million in proceeds from the sale of mall related business assets. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $(2.3) million and primarily related to the purchase of $(1.6) million in compactors and related equipment. Other investing activities are primarily from purchases of intangible assets such as software development costs and other property and equipment.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $7.3 million, primarily from net borrowings of $5.3 million on our ABL Facility and $2.5 million borrowings from our PNC equipment term loan. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $(14.1) million, primarily from net repayments of $(6.8) million on our ABL Facility and $(7.8) million repayment of long-term debt. See Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the ABL Facility and other notes payable.

Current wording

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $(2.5) million, primarily from $3.5 million in repayments of notes payable with proceeds from sale of assets as further discussed in Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Other financing activities included net repayments of $0.9 million on our ABL facility, which includes $1.5 million from the proceeds from the sale of assets, and $0.4 million borrowings from our PNC equipment term loan. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $4.2 million, primarily from net borrowings of $4.2 million on our ABL Facility. See Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the ABL Facility and other notes payable.

Previous wording

Although the overall economy has experienced some inflationary pressures, we do not believe that inflation had a material impact on us during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. We believe that current inflationary increases in costs, such as fuel, labor, and certain capital items, can be addressed by our flexible pricing structures and cost recovery fees allowing us to recover certain of the cost of inflation from our customer base. Consistent with industry practice, many of our contracts allow us to pass through certain costs to our customers or adjust pricing. Although we believe that we should be able to offset many cost increases that result from inflation in the ordinary course of business, we may be required to absorb at least part of these costs increases due to competitive pressures or delays in timing of rate increases. Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation and increases in interest rates.

Current wording

Although the overall economy has experienced some inflationary pressures, we do not believe that inflation had a material impact on us during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. We believe that current inflationary increases in costs, such as fuel, labor, and certain capital items, can be addressed by our flexible pricing structures and cost recovery fees allowing us to recover certain of the cost of inflation from our customer base. Consistent with industry practice, many of our contracts allow us to pass through certain costs to our customers or adjust pricing. Although we believe that we should be able to offset many cost increases that result from inflation in the ordinary course of business, we may be required to absorb at least part of these costs increases due to competitive pressures or delays in timing of rate increases. Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation and increases in interest rates.

Previous wording

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to areas that require a significant level of judgment or are otherwise subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These areas include carrying amounts of accounts receivable, goodwill and other intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, deferred taxes and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience, our observance of trends in particular areas, and information or valuations and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts could differ significantly from amounts previously estimated. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2023 Annual Report. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Current wording

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to areas that require a significant level of judgment or are otherwise subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These areas include carrying amounts of accounts receivable, goodwill and other intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, deferred taxes and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience, our observance of trends in particular areas, and information or valuations and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts could differ significantly from amounts previously estimated. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2024 Annual Report. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2025.