Viking Therapeutics Inc

Previous wording

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Viking,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Viking Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiary.

Current wording

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Viking,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Viking Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Previous wording

In January 2022, we announced the initiation of a Phase 1 single ascending dose, or SAD, and multiple ascending dose, or MAD, clinical trial of VK2735, a novel dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1, or GLP-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, or GIP, receptors. VK2735 is in development for the potential treatment of various metabolic disorders.

Current wording

In January 2022, we announced the initiation of a Phase 1 single ascending dose, or SAD, and multiple ascending dose, or MAD, clinical trial of VK2735, a novel dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1, or GLP-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, or GIP, receptors. VK2735 is being developed in both oral and subcutaneous formulations for the potential treatment of various metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Previous wording

The Phase 2 VENTURE study is a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and weight loss efficacy of VK2735, administered subcutaneously, once weekly. The 13-week study will enroll adults who are obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) or adults who are overweight (BMI >= 27kg/m2) with at least one weight-related co-morbidity condition. The primary endpoint of the study is the percent change in body weight from baseline to week 13, with secondary and exploratory endpoints evaluating a range of additional safety and efficacy measures. In October 2023, we announced completion of patient enrollment in the Phase 2 VENTURE study and on February 27, 2024, we announced that patients receiving weekly doses of VK2735 demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean body weight after 13 weeks, ranging up to 14.7% from baseline. Patients receiving VK2735 also demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean body weight relative to placebo, ranging up to 13.1%. Based on written feedback received from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, we plan to advance the subcutaneous formulation of VK2735 into Phase 3 development.

Current wording

The Phase 2 VENTURE study was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and weight loss efficacy of VK2735, administered subcutaneously, once weekly. The 13-week study enrolled adults who were obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) or adults who were overweight (BMI >= 27kg/m2) with at least one weight-related co-morbidity condition. The primary endpoint of the study was the percent change in body weight from baseline to week 13, with secondary and exploratory endpoints evaluating a range of additional safety and efficacy measures. In October 2023, we announced completion of patient enrollment in the Phase 2 VENTURE study and on February 27, 2024, we announced that patients receiving weekly doses of VK2735 demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean body weight after 13 weeks, ranging up to 14.7% from baseline. Patients receiving VK2735 also demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mean body weight relative to placebo, ranging up to 13.1%. Based on written feedback received from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, we expect to initiate Phase 3 clinical studies of the subcutaneous formulation of VK2735 in the second quarter of 2025.

Previous wording

On March 28, 2023, we announced the initiation of a Phase 1 clinical study to evaluate a novel oral formulation of VK2735. The study, which is an extension of our recently completed Phase 1 evaluation of subcutaneously administered VK2735, is evaluating daily oral doses for 28 days. On March 26, 2024, we announced that the 28-day MAD study results highlighted positive signs of clinical activity following treatment with oral VK2735. Cohorts receiving VK2735 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in mean body weight from baseline, ranging up to approximately 5.3%. Based on these Phase 1 results, we plan to initiate a Phase 2 trial with the oral formulation of VK2735 in obesity later in 2024.

Current wording

On March 28, 2023, we announced the initiation of a Phase 1 clinical study to evaluate a novel oral formulation of VK2735. The study, which was an extension of our recently completed Phase 1 evaluation of subcutaneously administered VK2735, evaluated daily oral doses for 28 days. On March 26, 2024, we announced that the 28-day MAD study results highlighted positive signs of clinical activity following treatment with oral VK2735. Cohorts receiving VK2735 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in mean body weight from baseline, ranging up to approximately 5.3%.

Previous wording

Our most advanced clinical program's drug candidate, VK2809, is an orally available, tissue and receptor-subtype selective agonist of the thyroid hormone receptor beta, or TRß. In November 2019, we initiated the VOYAGE study, a Phase 2b clinical trial of VK2809 in patients with biopsy-confirmed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or MASH/NASH.

Current wording

We are also developing VK2809, which is an orally available, tissue and receptor-subtype selective agonist of the thyroid hormone receptor beta, or TRß. In November 2019, we initiated the VOYAGE study, a Phase 2b clinical trial of VK2809 in patients with biopsy-confirmed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH/MASH.

Previous wording

The VOYAGE study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of VK2809 in patients with biopsy-confirmed MASH/NASH and fibrosis ranging from stages F1 to F3. The primary endpoint of the study will evaluate the relative change in liver fat content, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, proton density fat fraction, or MRI-PDFF, from baseline to week 12 in subjects treated with VK2809 as compared to placebo. Secondary objectives include evaluation of histologic changes assessed by hepatic biopsy after 52 weeks of dosing.

Current wording

The VOYAGE study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of VK2809 in patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH/MASH and fibrosis ranging from stages F1 to F3. The primary endpoint of the study evaluated the relative change in liver fat content, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, proton density fat fraction from baseline to week 12 in subjects treated with VK2809 as compared to placebo. Secondary objectives included evaluation of histologic changes assessed by hepatic biopsy after 52 weeks of dosing.

Previous wording

In June 2024, we announced positive 52-week histologic data from the VOYAGE study with up to 75% of patients treated with VK2809 achieving MASH/NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis as compared to 29% for placebo (p=0.0001), up to 57% of VK2809-treated patients achieving ≥1-stage improvement in fibrosis with no worsening of MASH/NASH as compared to 34% for placebo (p<0.05) and up to 48% of VK2809-treated patients achieving both resolution of MASH/NASH and a ≥1-stage improvement in fibrosis as compared to 20% for placebo (p=0.01). Adverse events, including GI-related adverse events were similar among VK2809-treated patients vs. placebo at week 52 and consistent with prior data reported at week 12.

Current wording

In June 2024, we announced positive 52-week histologic data from the VOYAGE study with up to 75% of patients treated with VK2809 achieving NASH/MASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis as compared to 29% for placebo (p=0.0001), up to 57% of VK2809-treated patients achieving ≥1-stage improvement in fibrosis with no worsening of NASH/MASH as compared to 34% for placebo (p<0.05) and up to 48% of VK2809-treated patients achieving both resolution of NASH/MASH and a ≥1-stage improvement in fibrosis as compared to 20% for placebo (p=0.01). Adverse events, including GI-related adverse events, were similar among VK2809-treated patients vs. placebo at week 52 and consistent with prior data reported at week 12. VK2809 has been evaluated in eight completed clinical studies, which enrolled more than 400 subjects.

Previous wording

The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of VK0214 administered once-daily over a 28-day dosing period. Secondary and objectives included an evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of VK0214 following 28 days of dosing in this population. An exploratory objective was to evaluate the effects of VK0214 on plasma levels of very long-chain fatty acids, or VLCFAs, in subjects with AMN. In October 2024, we announced results from the Phase 1b clinical trial, which showed VK0214 to be safe and well-tolerated following once-daily dosing over the 28-day study period. In addition, significant reductions were observed in plasma levels of VLCFAs and other lipids, as compared to placebo.

Current wording

The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of VK0214 administered once-daily over a 28-day dosing period. Secondary objectives included an evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of VK0214 following 28 days of dosing in this population. An exploratory objective was to evaluate the effects of VK0214 on plasma levels of VLCFAs in subjects with AMN. In October 2024, we announced results from the Phase 1b clinical trial, which showed VK0214 to be safe and well-tolerated following once-daily dosing over the 28-day study period. In addition, significant reductions were observed in plasma levels of VLCFAs and other lipids, as compared to placebo. Our intent is to pursue partnering or licensing opportunities for VK0214 prior to conducting additional clinical studies.

Previous wording

Other clinical programs include VK5211, an orally available, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM. In November 2017, we announced positive top-line results from a Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial in 108 patients recovering from non-elective hip fracture surgery. Top-line data showed that the trial achieved its primary endpoint, demonstrating statistically significant, dose dependent increases in lean body mass, less head, following treatment with VK5211 as compared to placebo. The study also achieved certain secondary endpoints, demonstrating statistically significant increases in appendicular lean body mass and total lean body mass for all doses of VK5211, compared to placebo. VK5211 demonstrated encouraging safety and tolerability in this study, with no drug-related SAEs reported. Our intent is to continue to pursue partnering or licensing opportunities for VK5211 prior to conducting additional clinical studies.

Current wording

Other programs include VK5211, an orally available, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator. In November 2017, we announced positive top-line results from a Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial in 108 patients recovering from non-elective hip fracture surgery. Top-line data showed that the trial achieved its primary endpoint, demonstrating statistically significant, dose dependent increases in lean body mass, less head, following treatment with VK5211 as compared to placebo. The study also achieved certain secondary endpoints, demonstrating statistically significant increases in appendicular lean body mass and total lean body mass for all doses of VK5211, compared to placebo. VK5211 demonstrated encouraging safety and tolerability in this study, with no drug-related SAEs reported. Our intent is to continue to pursue partnering or licensing opportunities for VK5211 prior to conducting additional clinical studies.

Previous wording

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 24, 2012. Since our incorporation, we have devoted most of our efforts towards conducting certain clinical trials and preclinical studies related to our VK2735, VK2809, VK0214, VK5211 and the dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist programs and towards raising capital and building infrastructure. We obtained exclusive worldwide rights to VK2809, VK0214 and VK5211 and certain other assets pursuant to an exclusive license agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Ligand. The terms of this license agreement are detailed in the Master License Agreement with Ligand, which we entered into on May 21, 2014, as amended, or the Master License Agreement. A summary of the Master

Current wording

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 24, 2012. Since our incorporation, we have devoted most of our efforts towards conducting certain clinical trials and preclinical studies related to our VK2735 subcutaneous, VK2735 Oral, VK2809, VK0214 and VK5211 and dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist programs and towards raising capital and building infrastructure. We obtained exclusive worldwide rights to VK2809, VK0214 and VK5211 and certain other assets pursuant to an exclusive license agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Ligand. The terms of this license agreement are detailed in the Master License Agreement with Ligand, which we entered into on May 21, 2014, as amended, or the Master License Agreement. A summary of the Master License Agreement can be found under the heading “Agreements with Ligand—Master License Agreement” under Part I, “Item 1. Business” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025.

Previous wording

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred $63.8 million in research and development expense primarily related to our efforts in conducting the VK2735 Phase 2 VENTURE clinical trial, the VK2735 Phase 1 clinical trial, VK2809 Phase 2b VOYAGE clinical trial and the VK0214 Phase 1b clinical trial. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred $70.7 million to research and development expense primarily related to our efforts in continuing our Phase 1 SAD and MAD clinical trial of VK2735 for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, our efforts in preparing for the commencement of a Phase 3 clinical trial for subcutaneous VK2735 in obesity, our efforts in concluding the VK2809 Phase 2b VOYAGE clinical trial and our efforts related to concluding our Phase 1b clinical trial of VK0214 in patients with X-ALD. We expect that our ongoing research and development expenses will consist of costs incurred for the development of our drug candidates, including, but not limited to:

Current wording

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred $101.6 million in research and development expenses primarily related to our efforts in conducting the VK2735 Phase 2 VENTURE clinical trial, the VK2735 Phase 1 subcutaneous clinical trial, the VK2735 Phase 1 oral clinical trial, VK2809 Phase 2b VOYAGE clinical trial and the VK0214 Phase 1b clinical trial. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we incurred $40.4 million in research and development expenses primarily related to our efforts in conducting the VK2735 Phase 2 VENTURE clinical trial, the VK2735 Phase 1 subcutaneous clinical trial, VK2809 Phase 2b VOYAGE clinical trial and the VK0214 Phase 1b clinical trial. We expect that our ongoing research and development expenses will consist of costs incurred for the development of our drug candidates, including, but not limited to:

Previous wording

expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and CROs, which will conduct a substantial portion of our research and development activities, including studies in obesity, MASH/NASH and X-ALD, on our behalf;

Current wording

expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and CROs, which will conduct a substantial portion of our research and development activities, including studies in NASH/MASH, on our behalf;

Previous wording

payments to third-party manufacturers, which will produce our active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished drug products;

Current wording

payments to third-party manufacturers, which will produce our active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished products;

Previous wording

Our general and administrative expenses have generally increased year-over-year as we have hired additional employees, issued additional equity awards, which has resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense, implemented certain systems to increase efficiency, and incurred additional costs for insurance, legal and accounting related to operating as a public company. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future in order to support our expected increase in research and development activities, including increased salaries and other related costs, stock-based compensation and consulting fees for executive, finance, accounting and business development functions. We also expect general and administrative expenses to increase as a result of additional costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administration and professional services. Other significant costs are expected to include legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters, facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, and fees for accounting and other consulting services.

Current wording

Our general and administrative expenses have generally increased year-over-year as we have hired additional employees, issued additional equity awards, which has resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense, implemented certain systems to increase efficiency, and incurred additional costs for insurance, legal and accounting related to operating as a public company. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future in order to support our expected increase in research and development activities, including increased salaries and other related costs, stock-based compensation and consulting fees for executive, finance, accounting and business development functions. We also expect general and administrative expenses to increase as a result of additional costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administration and professional services. Other significant costs are expected to include legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters, facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, and fees for accounting and other consulting services.

Previous wording

The increase in research and development expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to increased expenses related to manufacturing for our drug candidates, stock-based compensation, salaries and benefits and regulatory services, partially offset by decreased expenses related to preclinical studies and clinical studies.

Current wording

The increase in research and development expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to increased expenses related to manufacturing for our drug candidates of $10.5 million, clinical studies of $6.7 million, stock-based compensation of $1.8 million and salaries and benefits of $1.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in expenses related to pre-clinical studies of $2.9 million.

Previous wording

The increase in general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to increased expenses related to stock-based compensation, salaries and benefits, services provided by third-party consultants and insurance, partially offset by decreased expenses related to legal and patent services.

Current wording

The increase in general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to increased expenses related to legal and patent services of $2.8 million, stock-based compensation of $1.5 million and insurance of $0.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in salaries and benefits of $0.3 million.

Previous wording

The following table summarizes our other income (expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except % change).

Current wording

The following table summarizes our other income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except % change).

Previous wording

Other income (expense) recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted primarily of interest income, partially offset by expense relating to the amortization of certain financing costs.

Current wording

Other income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted primarily of interest income, partially offset by expense relating to the amortization of certain financing costs.

Previous wording

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenues since our inception. As of September 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $930.4 million. As such, we believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least December 31, 2025, which is more than one year after the date of our filing of this Form 10-Q.

Current wording

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations and have not generated any revenues since our inception. As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $851.9 million. As such, we believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least June 30, 2026, which is more than one year after the date of our filing of this Form 10-Q.

Previous wording

Our primary use of cash is to fund operating expenses, which to date have consisted of the cost to obtain the license of intellectual property from Ligand, certain research and development expenses related to furthering the development of VK2735, VK2809, VK0214 and VK5211, and general and administrative expenses. Since we have not generated any revenues to date, we have incurred operating losses since our inception. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of payment of these expenses, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Current wording

Our primary use of cash is to fund operating expenses, which to date have consisted of the cost to obtain the license of intellectual property from Ligand, certain research and development expenses related to furthering the development of VK2735 subcutaneous, VK2735 oral, VK2809, VK0214 and VK5211, and general and administrative expenses. Since we have not generated any revenues to date, we have incurred operating losses since our inception. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of payment of these expenses, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Previous wording

On March 10, 2022, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program, or the Repurchase Program, effective March 18, 2022, whereby we could purchase up to $50.0 million in shares of our common stock over a period of up to two years. The Repurchase Program was carried out at the discretion of a committee of our board of directors through open market purchases, one or more Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, block trades and in privately negotiated transactions. Through March 18, 2024, the termination date of the Repurchase Program, we repurchased an aggregate of 729,034 shares of our common stock under the Repurchase Program. Shares repurchased by us under the Repurchase Program were held in treasury and reissued by us as part of the March 2024 Offering (as defined below).

Current wording

On March 10, 2022, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program, or the Prior Repurchase Program, effective March 18, 2022, whereby we could purchase up to $50.0 million in shares of our common stock over a period of up to two years. The Prior Repurchase Program was carried out at the discretion of a committee of our board of directors through open market purchases, one or more Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, block trades and in privately negotiated transactions. Through March 18, 2024, the termination date of the Prior Repurchase Program, we repurchased an aggregate of 729,034 shares of our common stock under the Prior Repurchase Program. Shares repurchased by us under the Prior Repurchase Program were held in treasury and reissued by us as part of the March 2024 Offering (as defined below).

Previous wording

On July 26, 2023, we entered into an Amendment No. 1 to At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, or the ATM Agreement Amendment, with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, Truist Securities, Inc., H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and BTIG, LLC. Pursuant to the ATM Agreement Amendment, BTIG, LLC was added as a sales agent for the ATM Offering and the ATM Agreement was amended to provide that the ATM Offering could be conducted off of registration statements on Form S-3 subsequently filed by us. Any ATM Shares offered and sold in the ATM Offering will now be issued pursuant to the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement and the prospectus relating to the ATM Offering, dated July 26, 2023, that was included in the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement, or the ATM Prospectus. The 2023 Shelf Registration Statement will expire on July 26, 2026. From the date of the ATM Prospectus through September 30, 2024, 1,426,303 shares of our common stock were sold pursuant to the ATM Offering and, as of September 30, 2024, we may sell shares of our common stock for remaining gross proceeds of up to $151.9 million from time to time pursuant to the ATM Prospectus.

Current wording

On July 26, 2023, we entered into an Amendment No. 1 to At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, or the ATM Agreement Amendment, with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, Truist Securities, Inc., H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and BTIG, LLC, or collectively, the Agents. Pursuant to the ATM Agreement Amendment, BTIG, LLC was added as a sales agent for the ATM Offering (as defined below) and the At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement we previously entered into on July 28, 2021 was amended to provide that our offer and sale of shares from time to time through or to the Agents, as sales agent or principal, or the ATM Offering, could be conducted off of registration statements on Form S-3 subsequently filed by us. Any shares of our common stock offered and sold in the ATM Offering will now be issued pursuant to the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement and the prospectus, dated July 26, 2023, relating to the sale of up to $200.0 million of shares of our common stock pursuant to the ATM Offering that was included in the 2023 Shelf Registration Statement, or the ATM Prospectus. From the date of the ATM Prospectus through December 31, 2024, 1,426,303 shares of our common stock were sold pursuant to the ATM Offering and, as of December 31, 2024, we may sell shares of our common stock for remaining gross proceeds of up to $151.9 million from time to time pursuant to the ATM Prospectus.

Previous wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in operating activities of $55.7 million primarily reflected our net losses for the period, adjusted by non-cash charges such as stock-based compensation, amortization of investment premiums, amortization of right-of-use assets, amortization of financing costs, and interest expense related to operating lease liabilities as well as changes in our working capital accounts, primarily consisting of an increase in accrued interest, net of interest received on maturity of investments, partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets and decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and lease liability.

Current wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities of $52.3 million primarily reflected our net losses for the period, adjusted by non-cash charges such as accrued expenses, stock-based compensation, prepaid expenses and other assets, amortization of right-of-use assets, amortization of financing costs, and interest expense related to operating lease liabilities as well as changes in our working capital accounts, primarily consisting of an increase in accrued interest, net of interest received on maturity of investments, partially offset by a decrease in amortization of investment premiums and decreases in accounts payable and lease liability.

Previous wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in operating activities of $56.6 million primarily reflected our net losses for the period, adjusted by non-cash charges such as stock-based compensation, amortization of investment premiums, amortization of right-of-use assets, realized gain on investment, amortization of financing costs, and interest expense related to operating lease liabilities as well as changes in our working capital accounts, primarily consisting of an increase in accrued expenses and accrued interest, net of interest received on maturity of investments, partially offset by decreases in accounts payable, prepaid expenses and other assets and lease liability.

Current wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities of $6.1 million primarily reflected our net losses for the period, adjusted by non-cash charges such as accrued expenses, stock-based compensation, prepaid expenses and other assets, amortization of right-of-use assets, amortization of financing costs, and interest expense related to operating lease liabilities as well as changes in our working capital accounts, primarily consisting of an increase in accrued interest, net of interest received on maturity of investments, partially offset by a decrease in amortization of investment premiums and decreases in accounts payable and lease liability.

Previous wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in investing activities of $560.0 million resulted primarily from the purchase of investments of $976.4 million, partially offset by the proceeds of maturities of investments of $416.5 million.

Current wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in investing activities of $63.2 million resulted primarily from the purchase of investments of $232.6 million, partially offset by proceeds of maturities of investments of $295.9 million.

Previous wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities of $214.8 million resulted primarily from the purchase of investments of $380.8 million, partially offset by the proceeds of maturities of investments of $166.0 million.

Current wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in investing activities of $459.8 million resulted primarily from the purchase of investments of $596.6 million, partially offset by proceeds of maturities of investments of $136.8 million.

Previous wording

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash provided by financing activities was $611.5 million, which consisted primarily of proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of discount, of $597.1 million in the March 2024 Offering, proceeds from certain option exercises and 2014 ESPP common stock issuance of $9.8 million and proceeds from the ATM Offering, net of fees, of $46.7 million, partially offset by value of shares withheld to cover taxes of $42.1 million.

Current wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by financing activities was $606.0 million, which consisted primarily of proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of discount, of $597.1 million in the March 2024 Offering, proceeds from certain option exercises of $4.4 million and proceeds from the ATM Offering, net of fees, of $46.7 million, partially offset by value of shares withheld to cover taxes of $42.1 million.