STANDARD BIOTOOLS INC

Previous wording

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Standard BioTools. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read together with, our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future cash flow, revenue, sources of revenue and results of operations, cost of product revenue and product margin, operating and other income and expenses, unit sales and the selling prices of our products, business strategies and strategic priorities, changes in commercial and strategic focus, restructuring plan, reduction-in-force and real estate footprint reduction plans, microfluidics research and development and marketing investment reduction plans, other cost reduction initiatives, portfolio rationalization initiatives, operating discipline improvement plans, implementation of Standard BioTools Business Systems, expected costs and cost savings associated with such plans and initiatives, future product offerings, financing plans, capital allocation plans, expansion of our business, merger and acquisition opportunities, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities and drivers, market growth expectations, the effects of competition and public health crises on our business, the global supply chain, and our customers, suppliers and other business partners, and our expectations with respect to the Merger with SomaLogic , the anticipated financial impact and potential benefits to us related to the Merger, and integration of the businesses and other matters related to the Merger;. Forward-looking statements include statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.

Current wording

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Standard BioTools. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read together with, our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We have omitted discussion of 2022 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2024. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future cash flow, revenue, sources of revenue and results of operations, cost of product revenue and product margin, operating and other income and expenses, unit sales and the selling prices of our products, business strategies and strategic priorities, changes in commercial and strategic focus, restructuring plan, reduction-in-force and real estate footprint reduction plans, microfluidics research and development and marketing investment reduction plans, other cost reduction initiatives, portfolio rationalization initiatives, operating discipline improvement plans, implementation of Standard BioTools Business Systems, expected costs and cost savings associated with such plans and initiatives, future product offerings, financing plans, capital allocation plans, expansion of our business, merger and acquisition opportunities, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities and drivers, market growth expectations, the effects of competition and public health crises on our business, the global supply chain, and our customers, suppliers and other business partners, and our expectations with respect to the anticipated financial impact and potential benefits to us related to our M&A activity, and integration of the businesses. Forward-looking statements include statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.

Previous wording

On January 5, 2024, we completed the Merger pursuant to the Merger Agreement by and among us, SomaLogic and Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into SomaLogic, with SomaLogic surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Standard BioTools. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each share of SomaLogic common stock converted into the right to receive 1.11 shares of our common stock.

Current wording

On January 5, 2024, we completed the Merger with SomaLogic. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), each share of SomaLogic Common Stock converted into the right to receive 1.11 shares of our common stock.

Previous wording

In addition, as of the Effective Time, we assumed each SomaLogic stock incentive plan, outstanding option to purchase shares of SomaLogic Stock and outstanding restricted stock units convertible into shares of SomaLogic common stock, whether vested or unvested. In addition, as of the Effective Time, each SomaLogic warrant was treated in accordance with its terms.

Current wording

In addition, as of the Effective Time, we assumed each SomaLogic stock incentive plan, outstanding option to purchase shares of SomaLogic Common Stock and outstanding restricted stock units, whether vested or unvested. Further, as of the Effective Time, each SomaLogic warrant was treated in accordance with its terms.

Previous wording

Our product revenue consists of sales of instruments and consumables. Consumables revenue is largely driven by the size of our active installed base of instruments and the level of usage per instrument. Service revenue is linked to the sales and active installed base of our instruments as our service revenue primarily consists of post-warranty service contracts, preventive maintenance plans, instrument parts, installation and training for our instruments. We expect the average selling prices of our products and services to fluctuate over time based on market conditions, product mix and currency fluctuations.

Current wording

Field services revenue primarily consists of post-warranty service contracts, preventive maintenance plans, installation and training for our instruments. We expect the average selling prices of our products and services to fluctuate over time based on market conditions, product mix and currency fluctuations.

Previous wording

Cost of product revenue includes manufacturing costs incurred in the production process, including component materials, labor and overhead, installation, packaging and delivery costs. In addition, cost of product revenue includes amortization of developed technology and intangibles, royalty costs for licensed technologies included in our products, warranty costs, provisions for slow-moving excess and obsolete inventory and stock-based compensation expense. Our cost of product revenue and related product margin may fluctuate depending on the capacity utilization of our manufacturing facilities in response to market conditions and the demand for our products.

Current wording

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of raw materials, equipment and production costs, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to product revenue. In addition, cost of product revenue includes amortization of developed technology, royalty costs for licensed technologies included in our products, warranty costs, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory, and stock-based compensation expense, and shipping and handling costs. Cost of product revenue is recognized in the period the related revenue is recognized. Shipping and handling costs incurred for product shipments are included in cost of product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Our cost of product revenue and related product margin may fluctuate depending on the capacity utilization of our manufacturing facilities in response to market conditions and the demand for our products.

Previous wording

Cost of service revenue includes direct labor hours, overhead and instrument parts. Our cost of service revenue and related service margin may fluctuate depending on the variability in material and labor costs of servicing.

Current wording

Our cost of service revenue and related service margin may fluctuate depending on the variability in material and labor costs of servicing.

Previous wording

SG&A expense consists primarily of personnel costs for our sales and marketing, business development, finance, legal, human resources, information technology and general management teams, as well as professional services, including legal and accounting services.

Current wording

SG&A expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our sales and marketing, business development, finance, legal, human resources, information technology and general management teams, as well as professional services, including legal and accounting services.

Previous wording

Restructuring and related charges primarily consist of severance costs and facilities costs for floors we have subleased or have the intent to sublease (net of sublease income) under our facility lease in South San Francisco. These costs, including a reduction in force, are incurred to improve operational efficiency, achieve cost savings and align our workforce to the future needs of the business. In addition to the reduction in force, we are reducing leased office space, optimizing our manufacturing footprint and streamlining support functions.

Current wording

Restructuring and related charges primarily consist of severance costs related to our recent reduction-in-force and facilities costs for floors we have subleased or have the intent to sublease (net of sublease income) under our facility lease in South San Francisco. These costs, including a reduction in force, are incurred to improve operational efficiency, achieve cost savings and align our workforce to the future needs of the business. In addition to the reduction in force, we are reducing leased office space, optimizing our manufacturing footprint and streamlining support functions.

Previous wording

Transaction-related expenses consist of costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 in connection with the Merger Agreement, including legal, advisory, accounting and other transaction-related costs. We expect to continue incurring these costs through the first quarter of 2024. The costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 relate to the private placement whereby the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $225.0 million of convertible preferred stock in connection with the conversion of the bridge loans, which closed on April 4, 2022.

Current wording

Transaction and integration expenses consist of costs incurred in connection with acquisition-related activities, including legal, advisory, accounting and other transaction-related costs including integration costs.

Previous wording

Total proteomics revenue grew 22% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022, primarily due to the timing of customer orders. Our growth in proteomics was driven by expanded adoption of our flow symmetry solution, the CYTOF XT and early traction from the April 2023 release of Hyperion XTi, our next-generation imaging solution.

Current wording

Total proteomics revenue grew 113% to $135.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. Our growth in proteomics was primarily driven by the impact of the Merger, which expanded our proteomics capabilities, products and services.

Previous wording

Total genomics revenue decreased 7% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022, with instrument growth offsetting declines in consumables, service, and development revenues during the year. Consumables revenue in genomics was down over 2022, driven by the impact of initial consumables purchases by our OEM partner in 2022. The anticipated decline in the genomics segment was a primary driver of our decision to reorganize, simplify and reposition this business over the past year. We have implemented our strategy to focus on growing the OEM business and manage this segment to sustainable positive contribution margin in the near-term.

Current wording

Total genomics revenue decreased 9% to $38.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The continued decline in the genomics segment was anticipated and is a driver of our continued focus on growing the OEM business and managing this segment to potentially sustainable positive contribution margin in the near-term.

Previous wording

SG&A expense decreased by $14.7 million, or 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022. The decreases were primarily attributable to decreased salaries and benefits expense and stock-based compensation expense as a result of the restructuring plan that downsized our global workforce.

Current wording

SG&A expense increased by $69.1 million, or 79%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to the impact of the Merger in the first quarter of 2024, which included increased salaries and benefits expense and stock-based compensation expense due to the expanded global workforce headcount.

Previous wording

Transaction-related expenses increased by $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022. The increase was due to legal, advisory, and accounting costs incurred in connection with the Merger Agreement offset by $3.9 million in costs related to our Private Placement which closed in April 2022. The Company expects to incur additional amounts in future periods for the Merger Agreement.

Current wording

Transaction and integration expenses increased by $21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The increase was primarily due to legal, advisory, accounting costs, and integration expenses incurred in connection with the Merger in the first quarter of 2024, and the acquisition of Sengenics in the fourth quarter of 2024. We expect to incur additional integration costs in the future.

Previous wording

The increase in other income (expense), net of $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022, was primarily due to the interest earned on money market funds and short-term investments. We previously had no such investments until the second half of 2022.

Current wording

The increase in interest income, net of $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to the interest earned on increased balances of money market funds and short-term investments, as well as a decrease in interest expense due to repayment of our term loan in March 2024. Money market funds balances and short-term investments increased as a result of the Merger.

Previous wording

We recorded income tax expense of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and an income tax benefit of $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in our tax provision reflects the effect of our foreign operations, which reported pre-tax income in the year ended December 31, 2023 and pre-tax loss in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Current wording

We recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and an income tax expense of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in our tax provision reflects the effect of our foreign operations, which reported higher pre-tax income in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023.

Previous wording

Our effective tax rates for both periods differ from the 21% U.S. Federal statutory tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets on domestic losses and the tax rate differences between the U.S. and foreign countries.

Current wording

Our effective tax rates for both periods differ from the 21% U.S. Federal statutory tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets on domestic losses and the tax rate differences between the United States and foreign countries.

Previous wording

We have experienced operating losses since inception and have an accumulated deficit of $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2023. To date, we have funded our operating losses primarily through equity offerings, term loans, convertible notes and redeemable preferred stock. Our ability to fund future operations and meet debt covenant requirements will depend upon our level of future revenue and operating cash flow and our ability to access additional funding through either equity offerings, issuances of debt instruments or both.

Current wording

We have experienced operating losses since inception and have an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2024. To date, we have funded our operating losses primarily through equity offerings, term loans, convertible notes and issuance of preferred stock. Our ability to fund future operations and meet debt covenant requirements will depend upon our level of future revenue and operating cash flow and our ability to access additional funding through either equity offerings, issuances of debt instruments or both.

Previous wording

Our liquidity and capital requirements depend upon many factors, including market acceptance of our products and services; effectiveness of our business improvement initiatives and restructuring programs; costs of supporting sales growth, product quality, R&D and capital expenditures, including our ERP upgrade; and costs and timing of acquiring other businesses, assets or technologies.

Current wording

Our liquidity and capital requirements depend upon many factors, including market acceptance of our products and services; effectiveness of our business improvement initiatives and restructuring programs; costs of supporting sales growth, product quality, R&D and capital expenditures; and costs and timing of acquiring other businesses, assets or technologies.

Previous wording

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our collective balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $114.9 million at December 31, 2023 and $165.8 million at December 31, 2022. Our working capital was $48.9 million at December 31, 2023.

Current wording

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our collective balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $292.9 million at December 31, 2024 and $114.9 million at December 31, 2023. Our working capital was $310.0 million at December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

We enter into arrangements that serve as sources of capital and the associated contractual agreements may result in firm or contingent obligations of us. In addition to our common stockholders’ equity, our sources of capital primarily include debt, mezzanine equity and operating leases. Our Series B Preferred Stock, which is classified as mezzanine equity, contains rights that may result in their conversion to our common stock or their redemption in cash. Our term loan and operating lease arrangements require cash repayment and our convertible debt that matures on December 1, 2024 contains rights that may result in their conversion to our common stock prior to maturity. We also enter into contractual and legally binding commitments to purchase goods.

Current wording

We have entered into arrangements that serve as sources of capital and the associated contractual agreements may result in firm or contingent obligations of us. In addition to our common stockholders’ equity, our sources of capital primarily include debt and operating leases. Our operating lease arrangements require cash repayment and our convertible debt contains rights that may result in their conversion to our common stock prior to maturity. On March 4, 2024, we fully repaid all outstanding indebtedness owed pursuant to the $10.0 million term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") and terminated the agreement. On December 1, 2024, we fully repaid all outstanding indebtedness owed pursuant to the 2019 Senior Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $55.0 million (the "2019 Notes").

Previous wording

Purchase obligations consist of contractual and legally binding commitments to purchase goods and services. Our purchase obligations with suppliers specify all significant terms, including fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the transaction The majority of our contracts are cancellable with little or no notice or penalty. However, once a vendor has incurred costs to fulfill a contract with us, and which costs cannot be otherwise deployed, we are liable for those costs upon cancellation. As of December 31, 2023, these purchase commitments totaled $9.7 million. Capital expenditure commitments as of December 31, 2023 were immaterial. In addition, we have certain non-cancellable commitments with service providers that are not material in the aggregate.

Current wording

Purchase obligations consist of contractual and legally binding commitments to purchase goods and services. Our purchase obligations with suppliers specify all significant terms, including fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the transaction. The majority of our contracts are cancellable with little or no notice or penalty. However, once a vendor has incurred costs to fulfill a contract with us, and which costs cannot be otherwise deployed, we are liable for those costs upon cancellation.

Previous wording

In connection with the Merger, on January 5, 2024, we assumed a purchase commitment of $6.9 million to a contract manufacturer. Under the contract manufacturing agreement, we are required to spend $2.3 million per year for three years.

Current wording

In connection with the Merger, we assumed a purchase commitment of $6.9 million to a contract manufacturer. Under the contract manufacturing agreement, we are required to spend $2.3 million per year for three years. We entered into a similar agreement with a separate contract manufacturing organization in 2024, under which we are required to make annual purchases of $1.0 million for two years, resulting in a purchase obligation of $2.0 million.

Previous wording

Convertible Notes. The 2019 Notes mature on December 1, 2024. If the price of our common stock has equaled or exceeded 130% of the conversion price then in effect for a specified number of days as defined in the indenture, (currently $2.90 per share, subject to adjustment), we may, at our option, elect to convert the 2019 Notes in whole but not in part into our shares. If our common stock does not meet this price, we will settle the 2019 Notes in cash. The aggregate net carrying value of the 2014 and 2019 Notes was $55.1 million at December 31, 2023, of which $54.5 million is due and payable in 2024. In addition, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their 2014 Notes on each of February 6, 2024 and February 6, 2029, at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2014 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. On February 6, 2024, one holder of the 2014 Notes exercised their repurchase right, and we repurchased an immaterial amount of principal and accrued interest. Refer to Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Current wording

Convertible Notes. The aggregate net carrying value of the 2014 Senior Convertible Notes (the "2014 Notes") was $0.3 million at December 31, 2024, of which none is due and payable in 2025. In addition, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their outstanding 2014 Notes on February 6, 2029, at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2014 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. On February 6, 2024, one holder of the 2014 Notes exercised their repurchase right available at such time, and we repurchased an immaterial amount of principal and accrued interest. Refer to Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information. The 2019 Notes matured on December 1, 2024 and all outstanding principal and accrued interest was fully repaid.

Previous wording

Leases. Future payments for operating lease obligations (net of sublease income) at December 31, 2023 totaled $36.8 million, of which $5.2 million is expected to be paid in 2024. Refer to Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Current wording

Leases. Future payments for operating lease obligations (net of sublease income) at December 31, 2024 totaled $34.2 million, of which $6.8 million is expected to be paid in 2025. Refer to Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Previous wording

We derive cash flows from operations primarily by collecting amounts due from sales of our products and services, and fees earned under our product development and license agreements. Our cash flows from operating activities are also significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses and working capital to support the business. We have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we have expanded our business and built our infrastructure, domestically and internationally.

Current wording

We derive cash flows from operations primarily by collecting amounts due from sales of our products and services, and fees earned under our product development and license agreements. Our cash flows from operating activities are also significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses and working capital to support the business. We have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we have expanded our business and built our infrastructure, both domestically and internationally.

Previous wording

In the year ended December 31, 2023, we used $23.1 million of net proceeds from the sales and maturities of short-term investments to help fund $43.3 million of net cash used in operating activities, $5.4 million of common stock repurchases and $2.1 million of term loan repayments.

Current wording

In the year ended December 31, 2023, we used $23.1 million of net proceeds from the sales and maturities of short-term investments to help fund $43.3 million of net cash used in operating activities, $5.4 million of common stock repurchases and $2.1 million of Term Loan Facility repayments.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $20.2 million compared to $88.1 million used in the year ended December 31, 2022. The year ended December 31, 2023 primarily reflects $23.1 million of proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments, net of purchases. Net proceeds from the Private Placement issuance and the Bridge Loans were used to purchase short-term investments of $137.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Current wording

Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $363.2 million, compared to $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The year ended December 31, 2024 primarily reflects $280.0 million of cash and restricted cash acquired in the Merger and $92.9 million of proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments, net of purchases, offset by $8.4 million cash used for purchases of property and equipment. The year ended December 31, 2023 primarily reflects $23.1 million of proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments, net of purchases.

Previous wording

Financing activities used cash of $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and provided cash of $230.8 million in the same period of 2022. These changes in cash from financing activities primarily reflect $5.4 million of common stock share repurchases and $2.1 million of term loan repayments in the year ended December 31, 2023, and $25.0 million of borrowings under the Bridge Loans and the repayment of $6.8 million borrowed under our Revolving Credit Facility as well as $225.0 million proceeds received from the issuance of Series B Preferred Sock less payments of $12.5 million in equity issuance costs in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Current wording

Financing activities used cash of $102.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and used cash of $6.8 million in the same period of 2023. These changes in cash from financing activities are primarily driven by the repayments of our Term Loan Facility and 2014 Notes totaling $63.2 million, and repurchases of common stock totaling $40.5 million, during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased $5.4 million of common stock and repaid $2.1 of our Term Loan Facility.

Previous wording

The consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparing U.S. GAAP financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions to determine the value of the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations. We develop these estimates after considering historical transactions, the current economic environment and various other assumptions considered reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments. Accounts that rely heavily on estimated information to determine their values include revenue, trade receivables, inventories, right-of-use assets, goodwill, long-lived intangible assets, lease liabilities, and preferred equity. Refer to Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our most significant accounting policies.

Current wording

The consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparing U.S. GAAP financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions to determine the value of the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported on the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations. We develop these estimates after considering historical transactions, the current economic environment and various other assumptions considered reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments. Accounts that rely heavily on estimated information to determine their values include revenue, trade receivables, inventories, right-of-use assets, goodwill, long-lived intangible assets, lease liabilities, and preferred equity. Refer to Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our most significant accounting policies. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in estimates that are reasonably likely to occur could materially impact the financial statements.

Previous wording

We recognize revenue based on the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the goods and services we transfer to the customer. Our commercial arrangements typically include multiple, distinct products and services, and we allocate purchase consideration to the products and services based on each item’s relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices (SSP) are generally determined using observable data from recent transactions. In cases where sufficient data is not available, we estimate a product’s SSP using a cost plus margin approach or by applying a discount to the product’s list price.

Current wording

We recognize revenue when control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers, based on the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the goods and services transferred. Our commercial arrangements typically include multiple, distinct products and services, and we allocate purchase consideration to the products and services based on each item’s relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices ("SSP") are generally determined using observable data from recent transactions. In cases where sufficient data is not available, we estimate a product’s SSP using a cost plus margin approach or by applying a discount to the product’s list price.

Previous wording

The Company recognizes compensation costs for all stock-based awards, including stock options, Restricted Share Units (RSUs), Performance Share Units (PSUs) and stock purchased under the Company's Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP), based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods for non-performance-based awards. For RSUs, fair value is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. For PSUs with a market condition, the Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model to incorporate the market condition effects at the grant date. The Monte Carlo pricing model requires inputs which are subjective and generally requires judgment. For PSUs with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period when the achievement of each individual performance goal becomes probable.

Current wording

We recognize compensation costs for all stock-based awards, including stock options, restrict stock units ("RSUs"), performance stock units ("PSUs") and shares of common stock purchased under our Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), based on the grant date fair value of the award. We recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods for non-performance-based awards. For RSUs, fair value is measured based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. For PSUs with a market condition, we use a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model to incorporate the market condition effects at the grant date. The Monte Carlo pricing model requires inputs which are subjective and generally requires judgment. For PSUs with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period when the achievement of each individual performance goal becomes probable.

Previous wording

The fair value of options and stock purchases under ESPP on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including expected term, volatility, risk-free interest rate and the fair value of the Company's common stock. These assumptions generally require judgment. Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Current wording

The fair value of options and stock purchases under ESPP on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including expected term, volatility, risk-free interest rate and the fair value of our common stock. These assumptions generally require judgment. Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.