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VICOR CORP

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Mar 3, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Mar 3, 2025

VICR$146.88+8.7%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-02-28.

0000950170-24-022018

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-03.

0000950170-25-030619

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 63 previous paragraphs and 65 current paragraphs.

22 unchanged; 32 reworded; 11 added; 7 removed; 2 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 7 previous and 7 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (11)

Current report

Operating expenses for 2024 increased $31,737,000, or 20.7%, to $185,308,000 from $153,571,000 for 2023. Litigation-contingency expense was $19,500,000 for 2024, which related to the litigation with SynQor, Inc. ("SynQor"), as compared to $0 for 2023. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the SynQor litigation-contingency expense.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in activity related to corporate legal matters, including the assertion of our intellectual property rights.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in post-judgment interest relating to the SynQor litigation-contingency accrual.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in computer software services relating to new internal-use software implementation.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in audit and tax fees.

Current report

Decrease primarily attributable to the fact that the Company no longer uses outside sales representatives.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to a decrease in research and development personnel incurring time on production activities, compared to research and development activities.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in waste disposal activities of Advanced Products related to improving production process capabilities.

Current report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in utilities and building maintenance expenses.

Current report

The Company's tax expense and the rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 continues to be negatively impacted by the capitalization of research and development expenses under Section 174 in the U.S., which given the Company's performance, is having an outsized impact on the rate by increasing the taxable income position, which causes a significant tax expense. This is further compounded by the Company not getting a deferred tax benefit from temporary differences due to the full valuation allowance on net domestic deferred tax assets.
Removed paragraphs (7)

Previous report

Operating expenses for 2023 increased $213,000, or 0.1%, to $153,571,000 from $153,358,000 for 2022.

Previous report

Decrease primarily attributable to a decrease in activity related to the SynQor litigation offset by increases in certain corporate legal matters.

Previous report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in travel by the Company’s sales and marketing personnel.

Previous report

Increase primarily attributable to increases in sales support expenses, direct mailings, and advertising in trade publications.

Previous report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in net revenues subject to commissions.

Previous report

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in computer and software expenses.

Previous report

Decrease primarily attributable to an increase in deferred costs capitalized for certain non-recurring engineering projects for which the related revenues had been deferred.
Reworded paragraphs (32)

Previous wording

A discussion regarding our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, was included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, on pages 32-35 under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023.

Current wording

A discussion regarding our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, was included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, on pages 27-29 under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024.

Previous wording

The Brick Products category largely consists of our broad and well-established families of integrated power converters, incorporating multiple conversion stages, used in conventional power systems architectures. Given the growth profiles of the markets we serve with our Advanced Products line and our Brick Products line, our strategy involves a transition in organizational focus, emphasizing investment in our Advanced Products line and targeting high growth market segments with a low-mix, high-volume operational model, while maintaining a profitable business in the mature market segments we serve with our Brick Products line with a high-mix, low-volume operational model.

Current wording

The Brick Products category largely consists of our broad and well-established families of integrated power converters, incorporating multiple conversion stages, used in conventional power systems architectures. Given the growth profiles of the markets we serve with our Advanced Products line and our Brick Products line, our strategy involves a continuing transition in organizational focus, emphasizing investment in our Advanced Products line and targeting high growth market segments with a low-mix, high-volume operational model, while maintaining a profitable business in the mature market segments we serve with our Brick Products line with a high-mix, low-volume operational model.

Previous wording

The applications in which our Advanced Products and Brick Products are used are typically in the higher-performance, higher-power segments of the market segments we serve. With our Advanced Products, we generally serve large Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”), Original Design Manufacturers (“ODMs”), and their contract manufacturers, with sales currently concentrated in the data center and hyperscaler segments of enterprise computing, in which our products are used for power delivery on server motherboards, in server racks, and across datacenter infrastructure. We have established a leadership position in the emerging market segment for powering high-performance processors used for acceleration of applications associated with artificial intelligence (“AI”). Our customers in the AI market segment include the leading innovators in processor and accelerator design, as well as early adopters in cloud computing and high performance computing. We also serve applications in aerospace and aviation, defense electronics, satellites, factory automation, instrumentation, test equipment, transportation, telecommunications and networking infrastructure, and vehicles (notably in the autonomous driving, electric vehicle, and hybrid vehicle niches of the vehicle segment). With our Brick Products, we generally serve a fragmented base of large and small customers, concentrated in aerospace and defense electronics, industrial equipment, instrumentation and test equipment, and transportation (notably in rail and heavy equipment applications). With our strategic emphasis on larger, high-volume customers, we expect to experience over time a greater concentration of sales among relatively fewer customers.

Current wording

The applications in which our Advanced Products and Brick Products are used are typically in the higher-performance, higher-power segments of the market segments we serve. With our Advanced Products, we generally serve large Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”), Original Design Manufacturers (“ODMs”), and their contract manufacturers, with sales currently concentrated in the data center and hyperscaler segments of enterprise computing, in which our products are used for power delivery on server motherboards, in server racks, and across datacenter infrastructure. We have established a leadership position in the emerging market segment for powering high-performance processors used for acceleration of applications associated with artificial intelligence (“AI”). Our customers in the AI market segment include the leading innovators in processor and accelerator design, as well as early adopters in cloud computing and high performance computing. We also serve applications in aerospace and aviation, defense electronics, satellites, factory automation, instrumentation, test equipment, transportation, telecommunications and networking infrastructure, and vehicles (notably in the autonomous driving, electric vehicle, and hybrid vehicle niches of the vehicle segment). With our Brick Products, we generally serve a fragmented base of large and small customers, concentrated in aerospace and defense electronics, industrial equipment, instrumentation and test equipment, and transportation (notably in rail and heavy equipment applications). With our strategic emphasis on larger, high-volume customers, we expect to experience over time a greater concentration of sales, including from intellectual property licensing among relatively fewer customers.

Previous wording

Our quarterly consolidated operating results can be difficult to forecast and have been subject to significant fluctuations. We plan our production and inventory levels based on management’s estimates of customer demand, customer forecasts, and other information sources. Customer forecasts, particularly those of OEM, ODM, and contract manufacturing customers to which we supply Advanced Products in high volumes, are subject to scheduling changes on short notice, contributing to operating inefficiencies and excess costs. In addition, external factors such as supply chain uncertainties, which are often associated with the cyclicality of the electronics industry, regional macroeconomic and trade-related circumstances, and force majeure events (most recently evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic), have caused our operating results to vary meaningfully. Supply chain disruptions, including those associated with our reliance on outsourced package process steps that are essential in the production of some of our Advanced Products, and those relating, for example, to the procurement of raw material, have in the past negatively impacted and may in the future negatively impact our operating results. We have taken steps to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions by, among other things and in varying degrees, moving outsourced manufacturing steps in-house to the Company, ordering supplies with extended lead times, paying higher prices for certain supplies or outsourced production, and expediting deliveries at a cost premium. The resulting impact of the steps taken to mitigate supply chain disruptions have, to varying degrees and at different times, reduced our revenue, gross margin, operating profit and cash flow and may continue to do so in the future. While we continue to make progress in moving outsourced manufacturing steps in-house to the Company, we are still experiencing long lead times on certain raw material components, and uncertainty of output from our outsourced manufacturing supplier. Our quarterly gross margin as a percentage of net revenues may vary, depending on production volumes, average selling prices, average unit costs, the mix of products sold during that quarter, and the level of importation of raw materials subject to tariffs. Our quarterly operating margin as a percentage of net revenues also may vary with changes in revenue and product level profitability, but our operating costs are largely associated with compensation and related employee costs, which are not subject to sudden or significant changes.

Current wording

Our quarterly consolidated operating results can be difficult to forecast and have been subject to significant fluctuations. We plan our production and inventory levels based on management’s estimates of customer demand, customer forecasts, and other information sources. Customer forecasts, particularly those of OEM, ODM, and contract manufacturing customers to which we supply Advanced Products in high volumes, are subject to scheduling changes on short notice, contributing to operating inefficiencies and excess costs. In addition, external factors such as supply chain uncertainties, which are often associated with the cyclicality of the electronics industry, regional macroeconomic and trade-related circumstances, and force majeure events (most recently evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic), have caused our operating results to vary meaningfully. Supply chain disruptions, including those associated with our reliance on outsourced package process steps that are essential in the production of some of our Advanced Products, and those relating, for example, to the procurement of raw material, have in the past negatively impacted and may in the future negatively impact our operating results. We have taken steps to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions by, among other things and in varying degrees, moving outsourced manufacturing steps in-house to the Company, ordering supplies with extended lead times, paying higher prices for certain supplies or outsourced production, and expediting deliveries at a cost premium. The resulting impact of the steps taken to mitigate supply chain disruptions have, to varying degrees and at different times, reduced our revenue, gross margin, operating profit and cash flow and may continue to do so in the future. Our quarterly gross margin as a percentage of net revenues may vary, depending on production volumes, licensing income, average selling prices, average unit costs, the mix of products sold during that quarter, and the level of importation of raw materials subject to tariffs. Our quarterly operating margin as a percentage of net revenues also may vary with changes in revenue and product level profitability, but our operating costs are largely associated with compensation and related employee costs, which are not subject to sudden or significant changes.

Previous wording

Net revenues increased 1.5% to $405,059,000 for 2023, from $399,079,000 for 2022. The increase was primarily in sales of Brick Products due to favorable market conditions and pricing, and available capacity for manufacturing Brick Products. Net revenues for Advanced Products for 2023 decreased compared to 2022, primarily due to manufacturing constraints, customer demand and schedule delays.

Current wording

Net revenues decreased 11.4% to $359,058,000 for 2024, from $405,059,000 for 2023. Net revenues for Advanced Products for 2024 decreased compared to 2023, primarily due to continued softness in underpenetrated markets, partially offset by increased royalty revenue associated with intellectual property licensing. The decrease in net revenues for Brick Products was primarily due to reduced market demand.

Previous wording

Export sales, as a percentage of total revenues, represented approximately 63.1% in 2023 and 67.6% in 2022.

Current wording

Export sales, as a percentage of total revenues, represented approximately 48.2% in 2024 and 63.1% in 2023.

Previous wording

Gross margin increased to $204,929,000 for 2023, from $180,559,000 for 2022. Gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues increased to 50.6% for 2023 from 45.2% for 2022. The increase in gross margin dollars and gross margin percentage was primarily due to higher sales volume, improved sales mix, and certain reductions in supply chain costs and recovery of tariff costs.

Current wording

Gross margin decreased to $183,998,000 for 2024, from $204,929,000 for 2023. Gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues increased to 51.2% for 2024 from 50.6% for 2023. The decrease in gross margin dollars was primarily the result of lower sales volume in 2024, with the increase in gross margin percentage primarily attributable to higher royalty revenue and improved production efficiencies compared to 2023 along with certain reductions in supply chain costs.

Previous wording

Backlog, representing the total of orders received for products for which shipment is scheduled within the next 12 months, was approximately $160,805,000 at the end of 2023, as compared to $304,392,000 at the end of 2022 as a result of getting more current on overdue backlog.

Current wording

Backlog, representing the total of orders received for products for which shipment is scheduled within the next 12 months, was approximately $155,505,000 at the end of 2024, as compared to $160,805,000 at the end of 2023.

Previous wording

We reported net income for 2023 of $53,595,000, or $1.19 per diluted share, compared to net income of $25,446,000, or $0.57 per diluted share, for 2022.

Current wording

We reported net income for 2024 of $6,129,000, or $0.14 per diluted share, compared to net income of $53,595,000, or $1.19 per diluted share, for 2023.

Previous wording

In 2023, as a result of activities associated with our construction and capacity expansion, depreciation and amortization totaled $17,240,000, and capital expenditures were $33,452,000, compared to $13,776,000 and $63,966,000, respectively, for 2022.

Current wording

In 2024, as a result of a full year of activities in our expanded manufacturing facility and the related capital equipment being placed in service during the year, depreciation and amortization totaled $18,626,000, and capital expenditures were $23,602,000, compared to $17,240,000 and $33,452,000, respectively, for 2023.

Previous wording

Inventories increased by approximately $5,169,000, or 5.1%, to $106,579,000 at the end of 2023, as compared to $101,410,000 at the end of 2022, primarily consisting of raw materials.

Current wording

Inventories decreased by approximately $547,000, or 0.5%, to $106,032,000 at the end of 2024, as compared to $106,579,000 at the end of 2023.

Previous wording

We employ a variety of methodologies to evaluate inventory that is estimated to be excess, obsolete or unmarketable, in order to write down that inventory to net realizable value. Our estimation process for assessing net realizable value is based upon forecasted future usage which we derive based on backlog, historical consumption, and expected market conditions. For both Brick and Advanced product lines, the methodology used compares on-hand quantities to forecasted usage and historical consumption, such that amounts of inventory on hand in excess of management’s estimate of expected future utility, are fully reserved. While we have used our best efforts and believe we have used the best available information to estimate future demand, due to uncertainty in the economy and our business and the inherent difficulty in forecasting future usage, it is possible actual demand for our products will differ from our estimates. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory reserves for existing inventories may need to be recorded in future periods.

Current wording

We employ a variety of methodologies to evaluate inventory that is estimated to be excess, obsolete or unmarketable, in order to write down that inventory to net realizable value. Our estimation process for assessing net realizable value is based upon forecasted future usage which we derive based on backlog, historical consumption, and expected market conditions. For both our Brick and Advanced Product lines, the methodology used compares on-hand quantities to forecasted usage and historical consumption, such that amounts of inventory on hand in excess of management’s estimate of expected future utility, are fully reserved. While we have used our best efforts and believe we have used the best available information to estimate future demand, due to uncertainty in the economy and our business and the inherent difficulty in forecasting future usage, it is possible actual demand for our products will differ from our estimates. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory reserves for existing inventories may need to be recorded in future periods.

Previous wording

Significant management judgment is required in determining whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. We assess the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and past financial performance. Despite recent positive operating results, the Company faces uncertainties in forecasting its operating results due to vendor supply and factory capacity constraints, certain process issues with the production of Advanced Products and the unpredictability in certain markets, product transitions, new program introductions and adoption times of new technology offerings. This operating uncertainty also makes it difficult to predict the availability and utilization of tax benefits over the next several years. As a result, management has concluded, as of December 31, 2023, it is more likely than not the Company’s net domestic deferred tax assets will not be realized, and a full valuation allowance against all net domestic deferred tax assets is still warranted as of December 31, 2023. The valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets may require adjustment in the future based on changes in the mix of temporary differences, changes in tax laws, and operating performance. If the positive operating results continue, and the Company’s concerns about industry uncertainty and world events, supply and factory capacity constraints, program adoption and process issues with the production of Advanced Products are resolved, and the amount of tax benefits the Company is able to utilize to the point that the Company believes future taxable income can be more reliably forecasted, the Company may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance in the near-term. Certain state tax credits, though, will likely never be released by the valuation allowance. If and when the Company determines the valuation allowance should be released (i.e., reduced), the adjustment would result in a tax benefit reported in that period’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, the effect of which would be an increase in reported net income.

Current wording

Significant management judgment is required in determining whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. We assess the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and past financial performance. Despite recent positive operating results, we face uncertainties in forecasting our operating results due to the unpredictability of customer orders in certain markets, product transitions, new program introductions and adoption times of new technology offerings. This operating uncertainty also makes it difficult to predict the availability and utilization of tax benefits over the next several years. As a result, management has concluded, as of December 31, 2024, it is more likely than not our net domestic deferred tax assets will not be realized, and a full valuation allowance against all net domestic deferred tax assets is still warranted as of December 31, 2024. The valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets may require adjustment in the future based on changes in the mix of temporary differences, changes in tax laws, and operating performance. If the positive operating results continue, and our concerns about the unpredictability of customer orders in certain markets, product transitions, new program introductions and adoption times of new technology offerings are resolved, and we believe future taxable income can be more reliably forecasted, we may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance in the near-term. Certain state tax credits, though, will likely never be released by the valuation allowance. If and when we determine the valuation allowance should be released (i.e., reduced), the adjustment would result in a tax benefit reported in that period’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, the effect of which would be an increase in reported net income.

Previous wording

Consolidated net revenues for 2023 were $405,059,000, an increase of $5,980,000, or 1.5%, as compared to $399,079,000 for 2022.

Current wording

Consolidated net revenues for 2024 were $359,058,000, a decrease of $46,001,000, or 11.4%, as compared to $405,059,000 for 2023.

Previous wording

The decrease in net revenues for Advanced Products was primarily due to manufacturing constraints, customer demand and schedule delays. The increase in net revenues for Brick Products was primarily due to favorable market conditions and pricing, and available capacity for manufacturing Brick Products.

Current wording

The decrease in net revenues for Advanced Products was primarily due to continued softness in underpenetrated markets, partially offset by increased royalty revenue. The decrease in net revenues for Brick Products was primarily due to reduced market demand.

Previous wording

Gross margin for 2023 increased $24,370,000, or 13.5%, to $204,929,000 from $180,559,000 in 2022. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues increased to 50.6% in 2023 from 45.2% in 2022. The increase in gross margin dollars and gross margin percentage was primarily due to higher sales volume, improved sales mix, and certain reductions in supply chain costs, including a reduction of $9,950,000 in outsourced manufacturing costs partially offset by incremental costs of bringing production in-house for certain Advanced Products, and a reduction of freight-in and tariff spending of $12,747,000 (net of approximately $6,954,000 in duty drawback recovery of previously paid tariffs in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and $229,000 in duty drawback recovery in the twelve months ended December 31, 2022).

Current wording

Gross margin for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 decreased $20,931,000, or 10.2%, to $183,998,000 from $204,929,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues, increased to 51.2% for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 50.6% for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in gross margin dollars was primarily the result of lower sales volume in 2024, with the increase in gross margin percentage primarily attributable to higher royalty revenue and improved production efficiencies compared to 2023 along with certain reductions in supply chain costs, including a reduction of $1,958,000 in outsourced manufacturing costs partially offset by incremental costs of bringing production in-house for certain Advanced Products, offset by slightly unfavorable sales mix and an increase in freight-in and tariff spending of $953,000 (net of approximately $1,669,000 in duty drawback recovery in 2024 and $6,954,000 in duty drawback recovery in 2023 of previously paid tariffs).

Previous wording

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $85,714,000 for 2023, a decrease of $550,000, or 0.6%, as compared to $86,264,000 for 2022. As a percentage of net revenues, selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased to 21.2% in 2023 from 21.6% in 2022.

Current wording

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $96,886,000 for 2024, an increase of $11,172,000, or 13.0%, as compared to $85,714,000 for 2023. As a percentage of net revenues, selling, general, and administrative expenses increased to 27.0% in 2024 from 21.2% in 2023.

Previous wording

The components of the $550,000 decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Current wording

The components of the $11,172,000 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Previous wording

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in the use of consultants.

Current wording

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in the use of consultants and outside services relating to new internal-use software implementation.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses increased $7,263,000, or 12.0%, to $67,857,000 in 2023 from $60,594,000 in 2022. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development expenses increased to 16.8% in 2023 from 15.2% in 2022.

Current wording

Research and development expenses increased $1,065,000, or 1.6%, to $68,922,000 in 2024 from $67,857,000 in 2023. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development expenses increased to 19.2% in 2024 from 16.8% in 2023.

Previous wording

The components of the $7,263,000 increase in research and development expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Current wording

The components of the $1,065,000 increase in research and development expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Previous wording

Increase primarily attributable to increased prototype development costs for Advanced Products.

Current wording

Decrease primarily attributable to decreased prototype development costs for Advanced Products.

Previous wording

Litigation-contingency expense was $6,500,000 for 2022, which related to the SynQor litigation, as compared to $0 for 2023. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Current wording

Litigation-contingency expense was $19,500,000 for 2024, which related to the SynQor litigation, as compared to $0 for 2023. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the SynQor litigation-contingency expense.

Previous wording

Our exposure to market risk fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates to the operations of Vicor Japan Company, Ltd. ("VJCL"), for which the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, and all other subsidiaries in Europe and Asia, for which the functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. These subsidiaries in Europe and Asia experienced more favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in 2023 compared to 2022. In 2023, interest income, net increased due to higher interest rates received on the cash and cash equivalents balance held by the Company. In 2022, "Interest income, net" includes an immaterial error correction of $834,000 related to the amortization of bond premiums on available-for-sale securities.

Current wording

Our exposure to market risk fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates to the operations of Vicor Japan Company, Ltd. ("VJCL"), for which the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, and all other subsidiaries in Europe and Asia, for which the functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. These subsidiaries in Europe and Asia experienced more unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in 2024 compared to 2023. In 2024, interest income increased due to higher balances of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company.

Previous wording

Income before income taxes was $60,244,000 in 2023, as compared to $28,687,000 in 2022.

Current wording

Income before income taxes was $10,487,000 in 2024, as compared to $60,244,000 in 2023.

Previous wording

The effective tax rates were lower than the statutory tax rates for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance position against domestic deferred tax assets during both years. The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company does not have sufficient tax attributes.

Current wording

The effective tax rates differ from the statutory tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance position against net domestic deferred tax assets. The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included estimated federal, state, and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company does not have sufficient tax attributes.

Previous wording

See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding our current assessment of the valuation allowance against all domestic deferred tax assets, and the possible release (i.e., reduction) of the allowance in the future.

Current wording

See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding our current assessment of the valuation allowance against all net domestic deferred tax assets, and the possible release (i.e., reduction) of the allowance in the future.

Previous wording

We reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $53,595,000, or $1.19 per diluted share, as compared to $25,446,000, or $0.57 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Current wording

We reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $6,129,000, or $0.14 per diluted share, as compared to $53,595,000, or $1.19 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, we had $242,219,000 in cash and cash equivalents. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 9.5:1 at December 31, 2023, as compared to 5.6:1 at December 31, 2022. Net working capital increased $78,142,000 to $376,197,000 at December 31, 2023 from $298,055,000 at December 31, 2022.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, we had $277,273,000 in cash and cash equivalents. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 7.5:1 at December 31, 2024, as compared to 9.5:1 at December 31, 2023. Net working capital increased $25,017,000 to $401,214,000 at December 31, 2024 from $376,197,000 at December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

The primary sources of cash for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $74,528,000 of cash generated from operations and $10,602,000 of cash received in connection with the exercise of options to purchase our Common Stock awarded under our stock option plans and the issuance of Common Stock under our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The primary use of cash during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $33,452,000 for the purchase of machinery and equipment and internal-use software.

Current wording

The primary sources of cash for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $50,842,000 of cash generated from operations and $8,490,000 of cash received in connection with the exercise of options to purchase our Common Stock awarded under our stock option plans and the issuance of Common Stock under our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The primary use of cash during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $23,602,000 for the purchase of machinery and equipment and internal-use software.

Previous wording

In November 2000, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000,000 of Common Stock (the “November 2000 Plan”). The November 2000 Plan authorizes us to make such repurchases from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing of such repurchases and the number of shares purchased in each transaction are at the discretion of management based on its view of economic and financial market conditions. We did not repurchase shares of Common Stock under the November 2000 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $8,541,000 remaining for share repurchases under the November 2000 Plan.

Current wording

In November 2000, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “November 2000 Plan”). In July 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “New Repurchase Authorization”). The New Repurchase Authorization replaces the November 2000 Plan in its entirety and no further repurchases will be made pursuant to the November 2000 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $99,503,000 remaining available for repurchases of our Common Stock under the New Repurchase Authorization. The timing and amounts of Common Stock repurchases under the New Repurchase Authorization are at the discretion of the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer based upon economic and financial market conditions.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of approximately $15,014,000 of cancelable and non-cancelable capital expenditure commitments, principally for manufacturing and production equipment, which we intend to fund with existing cash, and approximately $2,168,000 of capital expenditure items and internal-use software which had been received and included in Property, plant and equipment in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, but not yet paid for. Our primary needs for liquidity are for making continuing investments in manufacturing and production equipment. We believe cash generated from operations together with our available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund planned operational needs and capital equipment purchases for the foreseeable future.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of approximately $12,669,000 of cancelable and non-cancelable capital expenditure commitments, principally for manufacturing and production equipment, which we intend to fund with existing cash, and approximately $1,946,000 of capital expenditure items and internal-use software which had been received and included in Property, plant and equipment in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, but not yet paid for. Our primary needs for liquidity are for making continuing investments in manufacturing and production equipment. We believe cash generated from operations together with our available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund planned operational needs and capital equipment purchases for the foreseeable future.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (2)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Increase attributable to net additions of furniture and fixtures and capitalization of building improvements.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Increase primarily attributable to an increase in the use of consultants.