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LENSAR Inc

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Feb 27, 2025.

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About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Feb 27, 2025

LNSR$5.45-0.9%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-03-04.

0000950170-24-024807

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-27.

0000950170-25-029003

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 358 previous paragraphs and 364 current paragraphs.

281 unchanged; 63 reworded; 19 added; 10 removed; 4 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 0 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (19)

Current report

adoption of our LLS and ALLY Systems;

Current report

The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyberattacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased and evolved. If we or our third-party vendors were to experience a significant cybersecurity breach of our or their information systems or data, the costs associated with the investigation, remediation and potential notification of the breach to counterparties and data subjects could be material. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology and cybersecurity infrastructure, we could suffer significant business disruption, including transaction errors, supply chain or manufacturing interruptions, processing inefficiencies, data loss or the loss of or damage to Confidential Information.

Current report

In the UK, on December 16, 2024, the UK government published an amendment to the UK Medical Devices Regulations to clarify and strengthen the post-market surveillance requirements for medical devices in Great Britain. This amendment will come into force on June 16, 2025. In addition, the MHRA launched a consultation from November 14, 2024 to January 5, 2025 on proposals to update the pre-market requirements for medical devices in Great Britain. The MHRA has stated that it will incorporate feedback to this consultation into new UK legislation on pre-market requirements for medical devices in Great Britain. The new legislation is expected to come into force in 2026. Under the UK Medical Devices Regulations, in order to be lawfully placed on the Great Britain market, class I (non-sterile, non-measuring or non-re-useable) medical devices need to be “UKCA” self-certified, and other medical devices need to be “UKCA” certified by a UK approved body. However, certain medical devices in compliance with: (1) the EU Medical Devices Directive can continue to be placed on the Great Britain market until the sooner of certificate expiration or June 30, 2028; or (2) the EU Medical Devices Regulation can continue to be placed on the Great Britain market until the sooner of certificate expiration or June 30, 2030. Medical devices also need to bear a physical UKCA mark in order to be lawfully placed on the Great Britain market. However, one of the key topics in the MHRA’s recent consultation was to obtain feedback on whether to remove the requirement for a medical device and its labelling (for example packaging and instructions for use) in Great Britain to bear a physical UKCA mark. Instead of requiring a medical device and its labelling to bear a UKCA mark, manufacturers would be required to assign a unique design identification, or UDI, to medical devices before they are placed on the Great Britain market. If this change is implemented, we may no longer be required to affix the physical UKCA mark to our devices, but we may need to assign and affix a UDI.

Current report

Risks Related to Artificial Intelligence Technologies

Current report

We use artificial intelligence technologies in our business, and the deployment, use, and maintenance of these technologies involve significant technological and legal risks.

Current report

We use artificial intelligence, or AI, machine learning, and automated decision-making technologies, including proprietary AI and machine learning algorithms and models, or collectively AI Technologies, throughout our business, and are making significant investments in this area.

Current report

For example, we use AI Technologies in our ALLY System to register and analyze patients’ eyes and determine eye surface and cataract density, which helps optimize laser patterns and energy settings in cataract procedures, with the goal of minimizing the overall energy delivered in the eye for quicker visual recovery and better patient outcomes.

Current report

In particular, if the models underlying our AI Technologies are, for example: incorrectly designed or implemented; trained or reliant on incomplete, inadequate, inaccurate, biased or otherwise poor quality data; and/or adversely impacted by unforeseen defects, technical challenges, cybersecurity threats or material performance issues, the performance of our products, services and business, as well as our reputation and the reputations of our customers, could suffer, or we could incur liability resulting from the violation of laws or contracts to which we are a party or civil claims.

Current report

We are in varying stages of development in relation to our products and internal business processes involving AI Technologies. The continuous development, maintenance and operation of our AI Technologies is expensive and complex and may involve unforeseen difficulties including, without limitation, material performance problems, undetected defects or errors. We may be unsuccessful in our ongoing development and maintenance of these technologies in the face of novel and evolving technical factors. Further, our ability to continue to develop or use such technologies may be dependent on access to specific third-party software, services and infrastructure, such as processing hardware, and we cannot control the availability or pricing of such third-party software and infrastructure, especially in a highly competitive environment.

Current report

We may not be able to obtain sufficient intellectual property protection for our AI Technologies to prevent competitors from implementing the same or similar technology in their businesses, and other individuals may apply for or obtain intellectual property protection which could limit our ability to use technology that we are currently developing.

Current report

A number of aspects of intellectual property protection in the field of AI and machine learning are currently under development, and there is uncertainty and ongoing litigation in different jurisdictions as to the degree and extent of protection warranted for AI and machine learning systems. If we fail to obtain protection for the intellectual property rights concerning our AI Technologies or products that incorporate AI Technologies, or later have our intellectual property rights invalidated or otherwise diminished, our competitors may be able to take advantage of our research and development efforts to develop competing products which could adversely affect our business, reputation and financial condition.

Current report

Given the long history of development of AI Technologies, other parties may have (or in the future may obtain) patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit, or interfere with our ability to make or use our proprietary AI Technologies.

Current report

The regulatory framework for AI Technologies is rapidly evolving as many federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have introduced or are currently considering additional laws and regulations. Additionally, existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in ways that would affect the operation of our AI Technologies, or could be rescinded or amended as new administrations take differing approaches to evolving AI Technologies. As a result, implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future, and we cannot yet completely determine the impact future laws, regulations, or standards may have on our business and may not always be able to anticipate how to respond to these laws or regulations.

Current report

Already, certain existing legal regimes (e.g., relating to data privacy) regulate certain aspects of AI Technologies, and new laws regulating AI Technologies have either entered into force in the United States and the EU in 2024 or are expected to enter into force in 2025. In the United States, the Trump administration has rescinded an executive order relating to AI Technologies that was previously implemented by the Biden administration. The Trump administration may continue to rescind other existing federal orders and/or administrative policies relating to AI Technologies, or may implement new executive orders and/or other rule making relating to AI Technologies in the future. Any such changes at the federal level could require us to expend significant resources to modify our products, services, or operations to ensure compliance or remain competitive. U.S. legislation related to AI Technologies has also been introduced at the federal level and is advancing at the state level. For example, in the United States, the Trump administration has rescinded an executive order relating to AI Technologies that was previously implemented by the Biden administration. The Trump administration may continue to rescind other existing federal orders and/or administrative policies relating to AI Technologies, or may implement new executive orders and/or other rule making relating to AI Technologies in the future. Any such changes at the federal level could require us to expend significant resources to modify our products, services, or operations to ensure compliance or remain competitive. Such additional regulations may impact our ability to develop, use, procure and commercialize AI Technologies in the future.

Current report

In Europe, on August 1, 2024, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (the “EU AI Act”) entered into force, and establishes a comprehensive, risk-based governance framework for AI in the EU market. The majority of the substantive requirements will apply from August 2, 2026. The EU AI Act applies to companies that develop, use and/or provide AI in the EU and depending on the AI use case includes requirements around transparency, conformity assessments and monitoring, risk assessments, human oversight, security, accuracy, general purpose AI and foundation models, and fines for breach of up to 7% of worldwide annual turnover. In addition, the revised EU Product Liability Directive came into force in December 2024, to be implemented into EU member state national law by December 2026. This Directive extends the EU’s existing strict product liability regime to AI Technologies and AI-enabled products, and facilitates civil claims in respect of harm caused by AI. Once fully applicable, the EU AI Act and the Liability Directives will have a material impact on the way AI is regulated in the EU. Further, in Europe we are subject to the GDPR, which regulates our use of personal data for automated decision making that results in a legal or similarly significant effect on an individual, and provides rights to individuals in respect of that automated decision making. Recent case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union, or the CJEU, has taken an expansive view of the scope of the GDPR’s requirements around automated decision making and introduced uncertainty in the interpretation of these rules. Specifically, the CJEU has expanded the scope for automated decision making under the GDPR by finding that automated decision-making activities can fall within the GDPR’s restrictions on those activities even if the required legal or similarly significant effect for the individual is carried out by a third party. The EU AI Act, and developing interpretation and application of the GDPR in respect of automated decision making, together with developing guidance and/or decisions in this area, may affect our use of AI Technologies and our ability to provide, improve or commercialize our services, require additional compliance measures and changes to our operations and processes, and result in increased compliance costs and potential increases in civil claims against us, and could adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition.

Current report

It is possible that further new laws and regulations will be adopted in the United States and in other non-U.S. jurisdictions, or that existing laws and regulations, including competition and antitrust laws, may be interpreted in ways that would limit our ability to use AI Technologies for our business, or require us to change the way we use AI Technologies in a manner that negatively affects the performance of our products, services, and business and the way in which we use AI Technologies. We may need to expend resources to adjust our products or services in certain

Current report

In addition, new ESG rules and regulations have been adopted and may continue to be introduced in various states and other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with any applicable rules or regulations could lead to penalties and adversely impact our reputation, customer attraction and retention, access to capital and employee retention.

Current report

As of December 31, 2024, we had net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards of $37.6 million for federal income tax purposes and $26.0 million for state income tax purposes, which may be available to offset our future taxable income, if any. Our federal NOL carryforwards are not subject to expiration, but may generally only be used to offset 80% of future taxable income in a given year. Our state NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2028. Our state NOL carryforwards could expire unused, to the extent subject to expiration, and be unavailable to offset future taxable income.

Current report

Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to use its pre-change NOL and tax credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income and income taxes, respectively. For these purposes, an ownership change generally occurs where the aggregate change in stock ownership of one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders owning at least 5% of a corporation’s stock exceeds 50 percentage points (by value) over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We completed an ownership change analysis pursuant to Section 382 of the Code through our taxable year ended December 31, 2023, and determined we experienced an ownership change on May 18, 2023 in connection with the Private Placement of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. Our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income or income taxes is limited as a result of such ownership change. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of future transactions in our stock, some of which may be outside our control. If we undergo ownership changes in the future, our ability to use our NOL carryforwards could be further limited.
Removed paragraphs (10)

Previous report

avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third-parties;

Previous report

adoption of our LENSAR Laser Systems and ALLY Systems;

Previous report

transitioning manufacturing from our LENSAR Laser System to our ALLY System.

Previous report

We are subject to continuing contingent liabilities of PDL BioPharma, Inc. following the Spin-Off.

Previous report

On October 1, 2020, we completed the Spin-Off and became an independent public company. There are several significant areas where the liabilities of PDL may become our obligations, notwithstanding the Spin-Off. For example, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of the PDL consolidated U.S. federal income tax reporting group during any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective time of the Spin-Off is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire PDL consolidated tax reporting group for that taxable period. In addition, the Tax Matters Agreement with PDL allocates the responsibility for taxes between PDL and us. Pursuant to this allocation, we may be responsible for taxes that we would not have otherwise incurred, or that we would have incurred but in different amounts or at different times, on a standalone basis outside of the PDL consolidated group, and the amount of such taxes could be significant. However, if PDL is unable to pay any prior period taxes for which it is responsible, we could be required to pay the entire amount of such taxes.

Previous report

Potential indemnification obligations to PDL pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement could materially and adversely affect us.

Previous report

In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company and PDL entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated September 30, 2020, or the Separation and Distribution Agreement, which sets forth the agreements between PDL and the Company regarding the principal transactions necessary to separate the Company from PDL and other agreements that govern certain aspects of the relationship with PDL after the completion of the Spin-Off. Among other things, the Separation and Distribution Agreement provides for indemnification obligations designed to make us financially responsible for substantially all of the liabilities that may exist relating to our business activities, whether incurred prior to or after the Spin-Off. If we are required to indemnify PDL under the circumstances set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities.

Previous report

In the UK, on June 26, 2022, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, or MHRA, published its response to a 10-week consultation on the future regulation of medical devices in the United Kingdom. The MHRA proposes amendments to the UK Medical Devices Regulations 2002 (which are based on EU legislation, primarily the EU Medical Devices Directive), in particular to create new access pathways to support innovation, create an innovative framework for regulating software and artificial intelligence as medical devices, reform in vitro diagnostic regulation, and foster sustainability through the reuse and remanufacture of medical devices. Regulations implementing the new regime were originally scheduled to come into force in July 2023, but the MHRA has recently updated guidance to reflect that it is now aiming for core aspects of the future regime for medical devices to apply from July 1, 2025. Medical devices bearing CE marks issued by EU notified bodies under the EU Medical Devices Regulation or EU Medical Devices Directive are now subject to transitional arrangements. Medical devices compliant with the EU Medical Devices Directive or EU Active Implantable Medical Devices Directive with a valid declaration and CE marking can be placed on the Great Britain market up until the sooner of expiry of certificate or June 30, 2028. Medical devices compliant with the EU Medical Devices Regulation can be placed on the Great Britain market up until June 30, 2030. Following these transitional periods, all medical devices will require a UK Conformity Assessed, or UKCA, mark. Manufacturers may choose to use the UKCA mark on a voluntary basis prior to the regulations coming into force; however, UKCA marking will not be recognized in the EU. Following the transitional period, compliance with the UK regulations will be a prerequisite to be able to affix the UKCA mark to medical devices, without which they cannot be sold or marketed in Great Britain. The rules for placing medical devices on the Northern Ireland market will differ from those in the Great Britain and will continue to be governed according to EU requirements. These modifications may have an effect on the way we intend to conduct our business in these countries.

Previous report

We are jointly developing certain technologies with Oertli Instrumente AG, or Oertli, and our agreements with Oertli may restrict our freedom to practice and may not protect us against potential competition with respect to jointly-developed intellectual property.

Previous report

We have entered into development and supply agreements with Oertli pursuant to which we are collaborating on the development and supply of the phacoemulsification component in our ALLY System. Under these agreements, intellectual property invented individually by either party is owned exclusively by such party and intellectual property jointly developed by us and Oertli will be jointly and severally owned by us and Oertli, and by the terms of our agreements, we and Oertli are entitled to practice such jointly owned intellectual property in our respective sole discretion. Our agreements with Oertli do not restrict how individually or jointly developed intellectual property may be used, exploited, or enforced. With respect to jointly developed intellectual property, both parties will be subject to default rules under the laws of various countries pertaining to joint ownership. Some countries require the consent of all joint owners to exploit, license or assign jointly owned patents, and if either party is unable to obtain that consent from the other party, the party requesting consent may be unable to exploit the invention or to license or assign its rights under these patents and patent applications in those countries. Additionally, in the United States, the other party may be required to be joined as a party to any claim or action a party may wish to bring to enforce these patent rights, which may limit its ability to pursue third party infringement claims. In some countries, Oertli will have a right to develop and commercialize products and technology invented during the course of our agreements, and to license to third parties the right to do so. This may lead to the development and commercialization of products and technology by others that are based on technology similar to our ALLY System, which may impair our competitive position in the marketplace and have an adverse impact on our business. If we cannot obtain distribution rights for such jointly-owned intellectual property or Oertli-owned intellectual property, our future product development and commercialization plans and competitive position in our industry may be adversely affected, which may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
Reworded paragraphs (63)

Previous wording

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had net losses of $14.4 million and $19.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $111.9 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the near-term future as a result of building our commercial and clinical infrastructure, pursuing further FDA and other regulatory body clearance or certification of and our further commercial launch of our proprietary, next generation cataract treatment system, known as our ALLY System, and investing in research and development. In addition, as a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We cannot make assurances that we will ever generate sufficient revenue from our operations to achieve profitability, and even if we achieve profitability, we cannot be sure that we will remain profitable for any substantial period of time. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively affect the value of our securities and our ability to raise capital and continue operations.

Current wording

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had net losses of $31.4 million and $14.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $143.3 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the near-term future as a result of building our commercial and clinical infrastructure, pursuing further FDA and other regulatory body clearance or certification of and our further commercial launch of our proprietary, next generation cataract treatment system, known as our ALLY System, and investing in research and development. In addition, as a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We cannot make assurances that we will ever generate sufficient revenue from our operations to achieve profitability, and even if we achieve profitability, we cannot be sure that we will remain profitable for any substantial period of time. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively affect the value of our securities and our ability to raise capital and continue operations.

Previous wording

We have historically derived our revenue from the sale or lease of our LENSAR Laser and ALLY Systems as well as the associated procedure licenses and sale of consumables used in each procedure involving our systems. The commercial success of our ALLY System will depend upon receipt of additional regulatory clearances or certifications and our ability to maintain and grow significant market acceptance for it.

Current wording

We have historically derived our revenue from the sale or lease of our Systems as well as the associated procedure licenses and sale of consumables used in each procedure involving our Systems. The commercial success of our ALLY System will depend upon receipt of additional regulatory clearances or certifications and our ability to maintain and grow significant market acceptance for it.

Previous wording

We have historically derived our revenue from the sale or lease of our LENSAR Laser and ALLY Systems and the associated procedure licenses and consumables used in each procedure involving our systems, and expect that this will account for a majority of our revenue in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our ability to increase revenue is highly dependent on our ability to market and sell or lease our ALLY System and market the associated consumables. In 2022, we transitioned from manufacturing and selling our LENSAR Laser System to focus on our ALLY System. The ALLY System has also received regulatory approval in India and the Philippines. In September 2022, we submitted the ALLY System for certification in the European Union, or EU, and, in 2023, submitted documentation to distributors in South Korea, Taiwan, and China for additional marketing or certification applications. Our growth, market presence and ability to sell the ALLY System will depend on whether the ALLY System receives regulatory clearance or certifications in other regions outside the United States and the timing of these clearance or certifications, among other factors. In addition, our future revenue and cash flows will depend on, among other factors, our installed base of systems.

Current wording

We have historically derived our revenue from the sale or lease of our Systems and the associated procedure licenses and consumables used in each procedure involving our Systems and expect that this will account for a majority of our revenue in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our ability to increase revenue is highly dependent on our ability to market and sell or lease our ALLY System and market the associated consumables. In 2022, we transitioned from manufacturing and selling our LLS to focus on our ALLY System. The ALLY System has also received certification in the European Union, or EU, and regulatory approval in India, Taiwan and certain other countries. In addition, we are pursuing additional marketing or certification applications through our distributors in South Korea and China. Our growth, market presence and ability to sell the ALLY System will depend on whether the ALLY System receives additional regulatory clearances or certifications and the timing of these clearances or certifications, among other factors. In addition, our future revenue and cash flows will depend on, among other factors, our installed base of Systems.

Previous wording

Our ability to maintain our market share, execute our growth strategy, achieve commercial success and become profitable will depend upon the adoption and continued acceptance of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System by surgeons, hospital outpatient surgical facilities, in-office surgical suites and ambulatory surgery centers, or ASCs. Our systems are currently used in advanced cataract procedures for which surgeon reimbursement continues to decline and patients pay a significant portion of the cost of the procedure. We cannot predict the extent to which patients will continue to seek out these types of procedures. Further, we cannot predict if cataract surgeons will continue to use our LENSAR Laser System or how quickly cataract surgeons will accept the ALLY System, or any planned or future products we introduce, and, if accepted, how frequently any such products will be used. Our current products may not maintain, and our ALLY System or any planned or future products we may develop or market may never gain, broad market acceptance among cataract surgeons and the medical community for the procedures in which they are designed to be used. Our ability to maintain and increase market acceptance of our products depends on a number of factors, including:

Current wording

Our ability to maintain our market share, execute our growth strategy, achieve commercial success and become profitable will depend upon the adoption and continued acceptance of our LLS and ALLY System by surgeons, hospital outpatient surgical facilities, in-office surgical suites and ambulatory surgery centers, or ASCs. Our systems are currently used in advanced cataract procedures for which surgeon reimbursement continues to decline and patients pay a significant portion of the cost of the procedure. We cannot predict the extent to which patients will continue to seek out these types of procedures. Further, we cannot predict if cataract surgeons will continue to use our LLS or how quickly cataract surgeons will accept the ALLY System, or any planned or future products we introduce, and, if accepted, how frequently any such products will be used. Our current products may not maintain, and our ALLY System or any planned or future products we may develop or market may never gain, broad market acceptance among cataract surgeons and the medical community for the procedures in which they are designed to be used. Our ability to maintain and increase market acceptance of our products depends on a number of factors, including:

Previous wording

our ability to provide visual outcomes and economic data that show the safety, efficacy, cost effectiveness and other patient benefits from use of our LENSAR Laser System, ALLY System or other future products;

Current wording

our ability to provide visual outcomes and economic data that show the safety, efficacy, cost effectiveness and other patient benefits from use of our Systems or other future products;

Previous wording

acceptance by cataract surgeons and others in the medical community of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System;

Current wording

acceptance by cataract surgeons and others in the medical community of our Systems;

Previous wording

the potential and perceived advantages and disadvantages of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System as compared to competing products;

Current wording

the potential and perceived advantages and disadvantages of our Systems as compared to competing products;

Previous wording

the willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket for procedures in which our LENSAR Laser System, ALLY System or other future products is used but for which limited reimbursement by third-party payors, including government authorities, is available;

Current wording

the willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket for procedures in which our Systems or other future products is used but for which limited reimbursement by third-party payors, including government authorities, is available;

Previous wording

the prevalence and severity of any complications associated with using our LENSAR Laser System or ALLY System;

Current wording

the prevalence and severity of any complications associated with using our Systems;

Previous wording

the ease of use, reliability and convenience of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System relative to competing products;

Current wording

the ease of use, reliability and convenience of our Systems relative to competing products;

Previous wording

quality of outcomes for patients in procedures in which surgeons use our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System;

Current wording

quality of outcomes for patients in procedures in which surgeons use our Systems;

Previous wording

the results of clinical trials and post-market clinical studies relating to the use of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System;

Current wording

the results of clinical trials and post-market clinical studies relating to the use of our Systems;

Previous wording

the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement for procedures using our LENSAR Laser System, ALLY System or other future products from third-party payors, including government authorities.

Current wording

the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement for procedures using our Systems or other future products from third-party payors, including government authorities.

Previous wording

The ALLY System, which has received clearance from the FDA, enables cataract surgeons to complete the femtosecond-laser-assisted cataract surgery, or FLACS, procedure seamlessly in a single, sterile environment. The ALLY System is available to all U.S. cataract surgeons and has also received regulatory clearance in India and the Philippines. In addition, we submitted the ALLY System for certification in the European Union, or EU, in September 2022 and, in 2023, submitted documentation to distributors in South Korea, Taiwan, and China for additional marketing or certification applications. In addition, our ability to meet production goals can also be impacted by supply chain interruptions. Our ability to place systems in 2022 was limited by supply chain constraints that delayed the delivery of certain ALLY System raw materials and the completion and testing of ALLY Systems for use as launch-stock. If we experience further supply chain constraints, we may be unable to deliver ALLY Systems as planned.

Current wording

The ALLY System, which has received clearance from the FDA, enables cataract surgeons to complete the robotic laser-assisted cataract surgery, or LACS, procedure seamlessly in a single, sterile environment. The ALLY System is available to cataract surgeons in all U.S. and EU jurisdictions and has also received regulatory clearance in India, Taiwan, and certain other countries. We are also pursuing additional marketing or certification applications through our distributors in South Korea and China. In addition, our ability to meet production goals can also be impacted by supply chain interruptions. If we experience supply chain constraints, we may be unable to deliver ALLY Systems as planned.

Previous wording

Payment for a standard cataract procedure is typically covered by Medicare, private insurance or other third-party payors. However, a cataract patient seeking a greater and more versatile visual outcome may desire an advanced cataract procedure involving a laser system such as ours. The patient is typically responsible for the additional costs associated with the use of these premium technologies in the physician’s practice, hospital outpatient surgical facilities, in-office surgical suites and ambulatory surgery centers. Due to this additional cost, patients may not elect to have such a procedure and our business may not grow as anticipated. Our future success depends in part upon patients achieving better visual outcomes from procedures using our LENSAR Laser System or ALLY System, or procedures involving similar laser systems that meets their expectations. If patients are not adequately satisfied with the results of such procedures, they or their surgeons may be less willing to recommend these procedures to other patients.

Current wording

Payment for a standard cataract procedure is typically covered by Medicare, private insurance or other third-party payors. However, a cataract patient seeking a greater and more versatile visual outcome may desire an advanced cataract procedure involving a laser system such as ours. The patient is typically responsible for the additional costs associated with the use of these premium technologies in the physician’s practice, hospital outpatient surgical facilities, in-office surgical suites and ambulatory surgery centers. Due to this additional cost, patients may not elect to have such a procedure and our business may not grow as anticipated. Our future success depends in part upon patients achieving better visual outcomes from procedures using our Systems, or procedures involving similar laser systems that meets their expectations. If patients are not adequately satisfied with the results of such procedures, they or their surgeons may be less willing to recommend these procedures to other patients.

Previous wording

Additionally, weak or uncertain economic conditions may cause individuals to be less willing to pay for advanced cataract procedures. Although we anticipate use of our ALLY System in certain aspects of the standard cataract procedure will be covered by or reimbursable through government or other third-party payors, our current LENSAR Laser System procedures are not covered by or reimbursable through government or other third-party payors. A decline in economic conditions in the United States or in international markets could result in a decline in demand for the procedures in which our systems are used and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Additionally, weak or uncertain economic conditions may cause individuals to be less willing to pay for advanced cataract procedures. Our Systems’ procedures are not covered by or reimbursable through government or other third-party payors. A decline in economic conditions in the United States or in international markets could result in a decline in demand for the procedures in which our Systems are used and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Additionally, we rely exclusively on a network of independent distributors to generate sales and leases of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System as well as purchases of our consumables and licensed applications outside of the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 13% of our revenue. This customer concentration exposes us to a material adverse effect if any of these significant distributors were to significantly reduce purchases for any reason or favor competitors or new market participants. If a dispute arises with a distributor or if a distributor is terminated by us or goes out of business, it may take time to locate an alternative distributor, to seek appropriate regulatory approvals and to train new personnel to market our LENSAR Laser System, and our ALLY System upon receiving regulatory clearance or certification in the applicable region, as well as our ability to sell those systems in the region formerly serviced by such terminated distributor could be harmed. In addition, our international distributors may be unable to successfully market and sell our products and may not devote sufficient time and resources to support the marketing, sales, education and training efforts that we believe are necessary to enable the products to develop, achieve or sustain market acceptance. Any of these factors could reduce our revenues from affected markets, increase our costs in those markets or damage our reputation. In addition, if an independent distributor were to depart and be retained by one of our competitors, we may be unable to prevent that distributor from helping competitors solicit business from our existing customers, which could further adversely affect us. As a result of our reliance on third-party distributors, we may be subject to disruptions and increased costs due to factors beyond our control, including labor strikes, third-party error and other issues. If the services of any of these third-party distributors become unsatisfactory, we may experience delays in meeting our customers’ demands and we may be unable to find a suitable replacement on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. Any failure to deliver products in a timely manner may damage our reputation and could cause us to lose potential customers.

Current wording

Additionally, we rely exclusively on a network of independent distributors to generate sales and leases of our Systems as well as purchases of our consumables and licensed applications outside of the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2024, one customer accounted for approximately 14% of our revenue. This customer concentration exposes us to a material adverse effect if any of these significant distributors were to significantly reduce purchases for any reason or favor competitors or new market participants. If a dispute arises with a distributor or if a distributor is terminated by us or goes out of business, it may take time to locate an alternative distributor, to seek appropriate regulatory approvals and to train new personnel to market our Systems upon receiving regulatory clearance or certification in the applicable region, as well as our ability to sell those Systems in the region formerly serviced by such terminated distributor could be harmed. In addition, our international distributors may be unable to successfully market and sell our products and may not devote sufficient time and resources to support the marketing, sales, education and training efforts that we believe are necessary to enable the products to develop, achieve or sustain market acceptance. Any of these factors could reduce our revenues from affected markets, increase our costs in those markets or damage our reputation. In addition, if an independent distributor were to depart and be retained by one of our competitors, we may be unable to prevent that distributor from helping competitors solicit business from our existing customers, which could further adversely affect us. As a result of our reliance on third-party distributors, we may be subject to disruptions and increased costs due to factors beyond our control, including labor strikes, third-party error and other issues. If the services of any of these third-party distributors become unsatisfactory, we may experience delays in meeting our customers’ demands and we may be unable to find a suitable replacement on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. Any failure to deliver products in a timely manner may damage our reputation and could cause us to lose potential customers.

Previous wording

We expect our revenues and expenses to increase in connection with our on-going activities, particularly as we continue to execute on our growth strategy, including expansion of our sales and customer support teams. The primary factors determining our cash needs are the funding of operations, which we expect to continue to expand as the business grows, and enhancing our product offerings through the research and development, further regulatory clearances and launch of the ALLY System. Our future liquidity needs, and ability to address those needs, will largely be determined by the success of our commercial efforts and those of our distributors; the timing, scope and magnitude of our commercial and development activities; and the timing of further regulatory clearance or certification of our ALLY System. We have also experienced negative effects on our capital requirements from supply chain interruptions, and we expect that supply chain disruptions will negatively affect our capital requirements and the availability of funds to finance those requirements in the future. In addition, market conditions impacting financial institutions could impact our ability to access some or all of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and we may be unable to obtain alternative funding when and as needed and on acceptable terms, if at all.

Current wording

We expect our revenues and expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to execute on our growth strategy, including expansion of our sales and customer support teams. The primary factors determining our cash needs are the funding of operations, which we expect to continue to expand as the business grows, and enhancing our product offerings through the research and development, further regulatory clearances and launch of the ALLY System. Our future liquidity needs, and ability to address those needs, will largely be determined by the success of our commercial efforts and those of our distributors; the timing, scope and magnitude of our commercial and development activities; and the timing of further regulatory clearance or certification of our ALLY System. We have also experienced negative effects on our capital requirements from supply chain interruptions, and we expect that supply chain disruptions will negatively affect our capital requirements and the availability of funds to finance those requirements in the future. In addition, market conditions impacting financial institutions could impact our ability to access some or all of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and we may be unable to obtain alternative funding when and as needed and on acceptable terms, if at all.

Previous wording

Furthermore, if we issue equity securities to raise additional capital, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. For example, in May 2023, we sold to NR-GRI Partners, LP, or NR-GRI, shares of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, or Warrants, that collectively represented approximately 52.1% of our total outstanding shares of common stock based on our shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023, assuming full conversion of the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and full exercise of the Warrants for cash, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the SPA. So long as NR-GRI and its affiliates collectively beneficially own at least twenty percent of the securities issued pursuant to the SPA, including the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, we may not, without the consent of NR-GRI, liquidate, dissolve, or wind up our affairs or effect a merger or sale of the Company or other Fundamental Transaction (as defined in Note 12, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, included elsewhere in this Annual Report); create, authorize, or issue shares of capital stock that are senior or pari passu to the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock; complete an acquisition with consideration above $1.0 million; incur debt in excess of $1.0 million; change our line of business; or enter into certain related-party transactions. The Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock as to distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company, and holders of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will participate with the holders of the common stock on an as-converted basis to the extent any dividends are declared on common stock. Holders of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are also entitled to redemption rights under certain circumstances. The redemption rights and liquidation preferences assigned to holders of the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and any other repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we may assign to holders of preferred stock in the future, could affect the residual value of the common stock.

Current wording

Furthermore, if we issue equity securities to raise additional capital, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. For example, in May 2023, we sold to NR-GRI Partners, LP, or NR-GRI, shares of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, or Warrants, that collectively represented approximately 51.4% of our total outstanding shares of common stock based on our shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024, assuming full conversion of the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and full exercise of the Warrants for cash, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the SPA. So long as NR-GRI and its affiliates collectively beneficially own at least twenty percent of the securities issued pursuant to the SPA, including the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, we may not, without the consent of NR-GRI, liquidate, dissolve, or wind up our affairs or effect a merger or sale of the Company or other Fundamental Transaction (as defined in Note 12, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, included elsewhere in this Annual Report); create, authorize, or issue shares of capital stock that are senior or pari passu to the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock; complete an acquisition with consideration above $1.0 million; incur debt in excess of $1.0 million; change our line of business; or enter into certain related-party transactions. The Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock as to distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company, and holders of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock will participate with the holders of the common stock on an as-converted basis to the extent any dividends are declared on common stock. Holders of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock are also entitled to redemption rights under certain circumstances. The redemption rights and liquidation preferences assigned to holders of the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and any other repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we may assign to holders of preferred stock in the future, could affect the residual value of the common stock.

Previous wording

We purchase custom and off-the-shelf components from a number of suppliers and subject them to stringent quality specifications and processes. Some of the components necessary for the assembly of our systems and associated consumables are currently provided by single-sourced suppliers (the only approved supply source for us among other sources). We are also relying on a third party to manufacture the phacoemulsification component of the ALLY System. If one or more of our suppliers cease to provide us with sufficient quantities of materials in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, we would have to seek alternative sources of supply. Because of factors such as the proprietary nature of our products, our quality control standards and regulatory requirements, we may experience delays in engaging additional or replacement suppliers for certain components. There may also be disruptions outside our control in the availability and pricing of various component parts needed for our ALLY System.

Current wording

We purchase custom and off-the-shelf components from a number of suppliers and subject them to stringent quality specifications and processes. Some of the components necessary for the assembly of our Systems and associated consumables are currently provided by single-sourced suppliers (the only approved supply source for us among other sources). If one or more of our suppliers cease to provide us with sufficient quantities of materials in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, we would have to seek alternative sources of supply. Because of factors such as the proprietary nature of our products, our quality control standards and regulatory requirements, we may experience delays in engaging additional or replacement suppliers for certain components. There may also be disruptions outside our control in the availability and pricing of various component parts needed for our ALLY System.

Previous wording

We have historically sold and leased a significant portion of our LENSAR Laser Systems outside of the United States through a network of independent distributors and intend to increase our international presence in Germany, China and South Korea, as well as other international markets, including through sales and leases of our ALLY System once regulatory clearance in these regions has been obtained. Our international business operations are subject to a number of risks, including:

Current wording

We have historically sold and leased a significant portion of our LLS outside of the United States through a network of independent distributors and intend to increase our international presence in Germany, China, India, and South Korea, as well as other international markets, including through sales and leases of our ALLY System once regulatory clearance in these regions has been obtained. Our international business operations are subject to a number of risks, including:

Previous wording

For example, in June 2022, the Supreme Court of South Korea ruled that insurance benefits for cataract surgeries should only be provided within the applicable outpatient coverage limit if inpatient treatment is unnecessary. As a result, patients are experiencing a decrease in the maximum insurance coverage allowed for cataract surgeries, which in turn has significantly decreased overall demand for ophthalmic surgeries in the region. Following the Supreme Court’s decision, we have experienced reduced revenue in South Korea, and we expect this trend to continue so long as this decision remains in effect. In addition, the war between Russia and Ukraine has not had a direct material impact on our revenue to date; however, that could change depending on the magnitude of the conflict and the imposition of additional sanctions by the U.S. and other countries or the spread of the conflict to surrounding areas. Further, while we are not directly exposed to economic conditions in Russia or Ukraine, the conflict has had a substantial impact on global supply chains and may be a contributing factor to the supply chain shortages we are experiencing.

Current wording

For example, in June 2022, the Supreme Court of South Korea ruled that insurance benefits for cataract surgeries should only be provided within the applicable outpatient coverage limit if inpatient treatment is unnecessary. As a result, patients are experiencing a decrease in the maximum insurance coverage allowed for cataract surgeries, which in turn has significantly decreased overall demand for ophthalmic surgeries in the region. Following the Supreme Court’s decision, we have experienced reduced revenue in South Korea, and we expect this trend to continue so long as this decision remains in effect.

Previous wording

We generally do not maintain large volumes of finished goods and anticipating demand for our products may be challenging as cataract surgeon demand and adoption rates can be unpredictable. In addition, as use of our LENSAR Laser System and ALLY System is adopted by more cataract surgeons, we anticipate greater fluctuations in demand for our products, which makes demand forecasting more difficult. Our forecasts are based on management’s judgment and assumptions, each of which may introduce error into our estimates. If we underestimate customer demand or if insufficient manufacturing capacity is available, we would miss revenue opportunities and potentially lose market share and damage our customer relationships. In connection with the commercial launch of the ALLY System, we have modified our manufacturing operations from producing the LENSAR Laser Systems to the ALLY System. We could underestimate the worldwide demand for the ALLY System and be unable to fulfill customer requests. Conversely, if we overestimate customer demand, our excess or obsolete inventory may increase significantly, which would reduce our gross margin and adversely affect our financial results.

Current wording

We generally do not maintain large volumes of finished goods and anticipating demand for our products may be challenging as cataract surgeon demand and adoption rates can be unpredictable. In addition, as use of our Systems is adopted by more cataract surgeons, we anticipate greater fluctuations in demand for our products, which makes demand forecasting more difficult. Our forecasts are based on management’s judgment and assumptions, each of which may introduce error into our estimates. If we underestimate customer demand or if insufficient manufacturing capacity is available, we would miss revenue opportunities and potentially lose market share and damage our customer relationships. In connection with the commercial launch of the ALLY System, we have modified our manufacturing operations from producing the LLS to the ALLY System. We could underestimate the worldwide demand for the ALLY System and be unable to fulfill customer requests. Conversely, if we overestimate customer demand, our excess or obsolete inventory may increase significantly, which would reduce our gross margin and adversely affect our financial results.

Previous wording

Failure to secure adequate coverage or reimbursement by government or other third-party payors for certain procedures using our ALLY Adaptive Cataract Treatment System or our other future products, or changes in current coverage or reimbursement, could materially impact our revenue and future growth.

Current wording

Failure to secure adequate coverage or reimbursement by government or other third-party payors for certain procedures using our ALLY System or our other future products, or changes in current coverage or reimbursement, could materially impact our revenue and future growth.

Previous wording

Adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, private insurance plans and managed care programs, for certain procedures (e.g., phacoemulsification) using our ALLY System or other products we may develop in the future, if approved, is central to the acceptance and adoption of these products. Hospitals, healthcare facilities, physicians and other healthcare providers that may purchase and use our ALLY System generally rely on third-party payors to pay for a part of the costs and fees associated with certain procedures using our ALLY System. If third-party payors reduce their levels of payment, if our costs of production increase faster than increases in reimbursement levels or if third-party payors deny reimbursement for procedures using our ALLY System, our ALLY System may not be adopted or accepted by hospitals, healthcare facilities, physicians or other healthcare providers and the prices paid for a procedure using our ALLY System may decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Current wording

Adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, private insurance plans and managed care programs, for certain procedures using our ALLY System or other products we may develop in the future, if approved, is central to the acceptance and adoption of these products. Hospitals, healthcare facilities, physicians and other healthcare providers that may purchase and use our ALLY System generally rely on third-party payors to pay for a part of the costs and fees associated with certain procedures using our ALLY System. If third-party payors reduce their levels of payment, if our costs of production increase faster than increases in reimbursement levels or if third-party payors deny reimbursement for procedures using our ALLY System, our ALLY System may not be adopted or accepted by hospitals, healthcare facilities, physicians or other healthcare providers and the prices paid for a procedure using our ALLY System may decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Previous wording

MACRA) that adjusts overall reimbursement under the PFS based on certain performance categories. While MACRA applies only to Medicare reimbursement, Medicaid and private payors often follow Medicare payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and any reduction in Medicare reimbursement may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors, which may result in reduced demand for our ALLY System or any other products we may develop in the future. However, there is no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement among payors in the United States. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for procedures can differ significantly from payor to payor. Many private payors require extensive documentation of a multi-step diagnosis before authorizing procedures using our products. Some private payors may apply their own coverage policies and criteria inconsistently, and physicians and other healthcare providers may not be able to receive approval and reimbursement for certain procedures using our ALLY System consistently. Any perception by physicians and other healthcare providers that the reimbursement for procedures using our ALLY System or other future products is inadequate to compensate them for the work required, including diagnosis, documentation, obtaining third-party payor approval for the procedure and other burdens on their office staff or that they may not be reimbursed at all for the procedures using our ALLY System or other future products, may negatively affect the adoption and use of our ALLY System or other future products and technologies, and the prices paid for such products may decline.

Current wording

Physicians are reimbursed separately for their professional time and effort to perform a cataract procedure that is covered by third-party payors. Such party payors regularly update reimbursement amounts and also from time to time revise the methodologies used to determine reimbursement amounts. This includes routine updates to payments to physicians, hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers for procedures during which our ALLY System would be used. These updates could directly impact the demand for our future products. For example, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, or MACRA, provided for a 0.5% annual increase in payment rates under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, or PFS, through 2019, but no annual update from 2020 through 2025. MACRA also introduced a Quality Payment Program for Medicare physicians, nurses and other “eligible clinicians” (as defined in MACRA) that adjusts overall reimbursement under the PFS based on certain performance categories. While MACRA applies only to Medicare reimbursement, Medicaid and private payors often follow Medicare payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and any reduction in Medicare reimbursement may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors, which may result in reduced demand for our ALLY System or any other products we may develop in the future. However, there is no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement among payors in the United States. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for procedures can differ significantly from payor to payor. Many private payors require extensive documentation of a multi-step diagnosis before authorizing procedures using our products. Some private payors may apply their own coverage policies and criteria inconsistently, and physicians and other healthcare providers may not be able to receive approval and reimbursement for certain procedures using our ALLY System consistently. Any perception by physicians and other healthcare providers that the reimbursement for procedures using our ALLY System or other future products is inadequate to compensate them for the work required, including diagnosis, documentation, obtaining third-party payor approval for the procedure and other burdens on their office staff or that they may not be reimbursed at all for the procedures using our ALLY System or other future products, may negatively affect the adoption and use of our ALLY System or other future products and technologies, and the prices paid for such products may decline.

Previous wording

entry into new international territories with unfamiliar regulations and business approaches;

Current wording

entry into new international territories with unfamiliar regulations and business approaches; and

Previous wording

the need to hire, train and manage additional qualified personnel; and

Current wording

the need to hire, train and manage additional qualified personnel.

Previous wording

We rely significantly on the use of information technology. Cybersecurity risks – any technology failures causing a material disruption to operational technology or cyber-attacks on our systems affecting our ability to protect the integrity and security of customer and employee information – could harm our reputation and/or could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

Current wording

We rely significantly on the use of information technology. Cybersecurity risks – any technology failures causing a material disruption to operational technology or cyber-attacks on our systems affecting our ability to protect the integrity and security of confidential customer and employee information – could harm our reputation and/or could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

Previous wording

Like most companies, despite our current security measures, our information technology systems, and those of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to information security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses and interruption, theft or loss of Confidential Information. Confidential Information might be improperly accessed due to a variety of events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers and other security issues. In addition, a variety of our software systems are cloud-based data management applications, hosted by third-party service providers whose security and information technology systems are subject to similar risks. We have technology security initiatives in place to mitigate our risk to these vulnerabilities, but there can be no assurance that our or our third-party service providers’ cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including policies, controls or procedures and other security measures will be adequately designed, complied with, implemented or effective to ensure that our or their operations are not disrupted or that data security breaches do not occur.

Current wording

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information technology systems to store and effectively manage sales and marketing data, accounting and financial functions, inventory management, product development tasks, clinical data, customer service and technical support functions, intellectual property, proprietary business information and certain personal information, including of our employees and contractors (collectively, “Confidential Information”). The future operation, success and growth of our business depends on streamlined processes made available through our uninhibited access to information technology systems, global communications, internet activity and other network processes. Like most companies, despite our current security measures, our information technology systems, and those of our third-party service providers, strategic partners and other contractors or consultants are vulnerable to information security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses and malware (such as ransomware), misconfigurations, “bugs” or other vulnerabilities, theft or loss of Confidential Information. Confidential Information might be improperly accessed due to a variety of events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers and other security issues. In addition, a variety of our software systems are cloud-based data management applications, hosted by third-party service providers whose security and information technology systems are subject to similar risks. We have technology security initiatives in place to mitigate our risk to these vulnerabilities, but there can be no assurance that our or our third-party service providers’ cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including policies, controls or procedures and other security measures will be adequately designed, complied with, implemented or effective to ensure that our or their operations are not disrupted or that data security breaches do not occur.

Previous wording

Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks which may remain undetected until after they occur. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate incidents or breaches due to attackers increasingly using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. We and certain of our service providers are from time to time subject to cyberattacks and security incidents. Any significant system failure, accident or security breach could cause interruptions in our operations, result in damage to our reputation, the loss or misappropriation of Confidential Information, result in key personnel being unable to perform duties or communicate throughout the organization, significant costs associated with the investigation, data restoration and remediation, and potential notification of the breach to third-parties, including counter-parties and data subjects, and have other adverse impacts on our business. Ransomware attacks, including those from organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe, and if made against us could lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of Confidential Information and income, reputational loss, diversion of funds, and may also result in fines, litigation and unwanted media attention. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting payments. Despite our existing security procedures and controls, if our network were compromised, it could give rise to unwanted media attention, materially damage our customer relationships, decrease sales and leases of our products, increase overhead costs, harm our business, reputation, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, result in regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, result in fines or litigation, and may increase the costs we incur to protect against such information security breaches, such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws and costs resulting from consumer fraud.

Current wording

Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks which may remain undetected for an extended period. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate incidents or breaches due to attackers increasingly using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. We and certain of our service providers are from time to time subject to cyberattacks and security incidents. Any significant information technology system failure, accident or security breach could cause interruptions in our operations, result in damage to our reputation, the loss or misappropriation of Confidential Information, result in key personnel being unable to perform duties or communicate throughout the organization, significant costs associated with the investigation, data restoration and remediation, and potential notification of the breach to third-parties, including counter-parties and data subjects, and have other adverse impacts on our business. Ransomware attacks, including those from organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe, and if made against us could lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of Confidential Information and income, reputational loss, diversion of funds, and may also result in fines, litigation and unwanted media attention. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting payments. Despite our existing security procedures and controls, if our network were compromised, it could give rise to unwanted media attention, materially damage our customer relationships, decrease sales and leases of our products, increase overhead costs, harm our business, reputation, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, result in regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, result in fines or litigation, and may increase the costs we incur to protect against such information security breaches, such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws and costs resulting from consumer fraud.

Previous wording

Our business processes health-related and other personal information. When conducting clinical studies, we face risks associated with collecting trial participants’ information, especially health information, in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations. We also face risks inherent in handling large volumes of information and in protecting the security of such information. We could be subject to attacks on our systems by outside parties or fraudulent or inappropriate behavior by our service providers or employees. Third parties may also gain access to users’ accounts using stolen or inferred credentials, computer malware, viruses, spamming, phishing attacks or other means, and may use such access to obtain users’ personal information or prevent use of their accounts. Data breaches could result in a violation of applicable U.S. and international privacy, data protection and other laws, and subject us to individual or consumer class action litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings by federal, state and local regulatory entities in the United States and by international regulatory entities, resulting in exposure to material civil or criminal liability, or both. Further, our general liability insurance and corporate risk program may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed and may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.

Current wording

Our business processes health-related and other personal information. When conducting clinical studies, we face risks associated with collecting trial participants’ information, especially health information, in a manner consistent with applicable laws and regulations. We also face risks inherent in handling large volumes of Confidential Information and in protecting the security of such information. Data breaches could result in a violation of applicable U.S. and international privacy, data protection and other laws, and subject us to individual or consumer class action litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings by federal, state and local regulatory entities in the United States and by international regulatory entities, resulting in exposure to material civil or criminal liability, or both. Further, our general liability insurance and corporate risk program may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed and may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.

Previous wording

We may be subject to state, federal and foreign laws relating to data privacy and security in the conduct of our business, including state breach notification laws, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or, collectively, HIPAA, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 and applicable national supplementing laws, or GDPR, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, or, collectively, CCPA. In the United States, HIPAA imposes, among other things, certain standards relating to the privacy, security, transmission and breach reporting of individually identifiable health information on covered entities, including healthcare providers and research institutions, from which we obtain clinical trial data, as well as their business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining or transmitting such information for or on behalf of such covered entities, and their covered subcontractors. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to regulatory investigation and enforcement action, including significant penalties, if we violate HIPAA. Certain states have also adopted comparable privacy and security laws and regulations, which govern the privacy, processing and protection of health-related and other personal information. Such laws and regulations will be subject to interpretation by various courts and other governmental authorities, thus creating potentially complex compliance issues for us and our future customers and strategic partners. For example, the CCPA requires certain businesses that process personal information of California residents to, among other things: provide certain disclosures to California residents regarding the business’s collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information; receive and respond to requests from California residents to access, delete, and correct their personal information, or to opt-out of certain disclosures of their personal information; and enter into specific contractual provisions with service providers that process California resident personal information on the business’s behalf. Similar laws have been passed in other states, and continue to be proposed at the state and federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. This legislation may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data, and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.

Current wording

We may be subject to state, federal and foreign laws relating to data privacy and security in the conduct of our business, including state breach notification laws, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or, collectively, HIPAA, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 and applicable national supplementing laws, or GDPR, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, or, collectively, CCPA. In the United States, HIPAA imposes, among other things, certain standards relating to the privacy, security, transmission and breach reporting of individually identifiable health information on covered entities, including healthcare providers and research institutions, from which we obtain clinical trial data, as well as their business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining or transmitting such information for or on behalf of such covered entities, and their covered subcontractors. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to regulatory investigation and enforcement action, including significant penalties, if we violate HIPAA. Certain states have also adopted comparable privacy and security laws and regulations, which govern the privacy, processing and protection of health-related and other personal information. Such laws and regulations will be subject to interpretation by various courts and other governmental authorities, thus creating potentially complex compliance issues for us and our future customers and strategic partners. For example, the CCPA requires covered businesses that process personal information of California residents to, among other things: provide certain disclosures to California residents regarding the business’s collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information; receive and respond to requests from California residents to access, delete, and correct their personal information, or to opt-out of certain disclosures of their personal information; and enter into specific contractual provisions with service providers that process California resident personal information on the business’s behalf. Similar laws have been passed in other states, and continue to be proposed at the state and federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. The enactment of such laws could have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging. In the event that we are subject to or affected by HIPAA, the CCPA or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition.

Previous wording

The GDPR imposes comprehensive compliance obligations regarding our processing of personal data of individuals within the EEA or in the context of our activities within the EEA, including a principle of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate that appropriate legal bases are in place to justify data processing activities. Additionally, we are subject to laws and regulations regarding cross-border transfers of personal data, including laws relating to transfer of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States, and the efficacy and longevity of current transfer mechanisms between the EEA and the United States remains uncertain. Case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union, states that reliance on the standard contractual clauses, or SCCs - a standard form of contract approved by the European Commission as an adequate personal data transfer mechanism - alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances and that transfers must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The European Commission adopted its

Current wording

The GDPR imposes comprehensive compliance obligations regarding our processing of personal data of individuals within the European Economic Area, or EEA, or in the context of our activities within the EEA, including a principle of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate that appropriate legal bases are in place to justify data processing activities. Additionally, we are subject to laws and regulations regarding cross-border transfers of personal data, including laws relating to transfer of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States, and the efficacy and longevity of current transfer mechanisms between the EEA and the United States remains uncertain. Case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union, states that reliance on the standard contractual clauses, or SSCs a standard form of contract approved by the European Commission as an adequate personal data transfer mechanism - alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances and that transfers must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The European

Previous wording

Adequacy Decision in relation to the new EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, or DPF, on July 10, 2023, rendering the DPF effective as a GDPR transfer mechanism to U.S. entities self-certified under the DPF.

Current wording

Commission adopted its Adequacy Decision in relation to the new EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, or DPF, on July 10, 2023, rendering the DPF effective as a GDPR transfer mechanism to U.S. entities self-certified under the DPF.

Previous wording

We currently rely on the SCCs to transfer personal data outside the EEA and the UK, including to the United States, with respect to both intragroup and third party transfers. We expect the existing legal complexity and uncertainty regarding international personal data transfers to continue. In particular, we expect the DPF Adequacy Decision to be challenged and international transfers to the United States and to other jurisdictions more generally to continue to be subject to enhanced scrutiny by regulators. If we cannot rely on existing mechanisms for transferring personal data from the EEA, or other jurisdictions, we could be prevented from transferring personal data of individuals in those regions; we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines; we may have to stop using certain tools and vendors and make other operational changes; we will have to implement revised SCCs for existing arrangements within required time frame; and/or it could otherwise adversely affect the manner in which we provide our services and thus materially affect our operations and financial results. Failure to comply with the GDPR could result in penalties for certain breaches of up to the greater of EUR 20 million or 4% of our global annual turnover. In addition to fines, a breach of the GDPR may result in regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease/change our data processing activities, enforcement notices, assessment notices (for a compulsory audit) and/ or civil claims (including class actions).

Current wording

We currently rely on the SCCs to transfer personal data outside the EEA and the UK, including to the United States, with respect to both intragroup and third-party transfers. We expect the existing legal complexity and uncertainty regarding international personal data transfers to continue. In particular, we expect the DPF Adequacy Decision to be challenged and international transfers to the United States and to other jurisdictions more generally to continue to be subject to enhanced scrutiny by regulators. If we cannot rely on existing mechanisms for transferring personal data from the EEA, or other jurisdictions, we could be prevented from transferring personal data of individuals in those regions; we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines; we may have to stop using certain tools and vendors and make other operational changes; we will have to implement revised SSCs for existing arrangements within required time frame; and/or it could otherwise adversely affect the manner in which we provide our services and thus materially affect our operations and financial results. Failure to comply with the GDPR could result in penalties for certain breaches of up to the greater of EUR 20 million or 4% of our global annual turnover. In addition to fines, a breach of the GDPR may result in regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease/change our data processing activities, enforcement notices, assessment notices (for a compulsory audit) and/ or civil claims (including class actions).

Previous wording

We are also subject to the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018, collectively, which imposes separate but similar obligations to those under the GDPR and comparable penalties, including fines of up to £17.5 million or 4% of a noncompliant undertaking’s global annual revenue for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. On October 12, 2023, the UK Extension to the DPF came into effect (as approved by the UK Government), as a data transfer mechanism from the UK to U.S. entities self-certified under the DPF. As we continue to expand into other foreign countries and jurisdictions, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations that may affect how we conduct business.

Current wording

We are also subject to the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018, which collectively impose separate but similar obligations to those under the GDPR and comparable penalties, including fines of up to £17.5 million or 4% of a noncompliant undertaking’s global annual revenue for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. On October 12, 2023, the UK Extension to the DPF came into effect (as approved by the UK Government), as a data transfer mechanism from the UK to U.S. entities self-certified under the DPF. As we continue to expand into other foreign countries and jurisdictions, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations that may affect how we conduct business. We expect that there will continue to be new laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security proposed and enacted in various jurisdictions. For example, Washington State enacted a broadly applicable law to protect the privacy of personal health information known as the “My Health My Data Act,” which generally requires affirmative consent for the collection, use, or sharing of any “consumer health data.” Consumer health data is defined to include personal information that is linked or reasonably linkable to a consumer and that identifies a consumer’s past, present, or future physical or mental health status; consumer health data also includes information that is derived or extrapolated from non-health information, such as algorithms and machine learning. Other states, including Connecticut and Nevada, have also passed consumer health data laws, and given the increased focus on the use of health data by entities that are not subject to HIPAA, additional states are expected to pass consumer health privacy laws.

Previous wording

We carry a significant amount of intangible assets on our balance sheet, partially due to the value of the LENSAR brand name, but also intangible assets associated with our technologies, acquired research and development, currently marketed products, and marketing know-how. As a result, we may incur significant impairment charges if the fair value of the intangible assets would be less than their carrying value on our balance sheet at any point in time.

Current wording

We carry a significant amount of intangible assets on our balance sheet, partially due to the value of the LENSAR brand name, but also intangible assets associated with our technologies, acquired research and development, currently marketed products, and marketing know-how. As a result, we have incurred and may incur significant impairment charges if the fair value of the intangible assets would be less than their carrying value on our balance sheet at any point in time.

Previous wording

The FDA, foreign regulatory authorities and notified bodies enforce their regulatory requirements through, among other means, periodic unannounced inspections and audits. We do not know whether we will be found compliant in connection with any future FDA (or foreign regulatory authorities) inspections or notified bodies’ audits. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our ability to sell our products and result in enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; recalls or seizures of products; delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances, certifications or approvals; withdrawals or suspensions of current approvals or certifications, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.

Current wording

The FDA, foreign regulatory authorities and notified bodies enforce their regulatory requirements through, among other means, periodic unannounced inspections and audits. We do not know whether we will be found compliant in connection with any future FDA (or foreign regulatory authorities) inspections or notified bodies’ audits. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our ability to sell our products and result in enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; recalls or seizures of products;

Previous wording

We may not receive, or may be delayed in receiving, the necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future products, or modifications to our current products, and failure to timely obtain necessary additional clearances, certifications or approvals for our ALLY System and future products or modifications to our current products would adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

Current wording

We may not receive, or may be delayed in receiving, the necessary clearances, certifications or approvals for our future products, or modifications to our current products, and failure to timely obtain additional clearances, certifications or approvals for our ALLY System and future products or modifications to our current products would adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

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Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances, certifications or approvals; withdrawals or suspensions of current approvals or certifications, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.
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Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Physicians are reimbursed separately for their professional time and effort to perform a cataract procedure that is covered by third-party payors. Such party payors regularly update reimbursement amounts and also from time to time revise the methodologies used to determine reimbursement amounts. This includes routine updates to payments to physicians, hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers for procedures during which our ALLY System would be used. These updates could directly impact the demand for our future products. For example, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, or MACRA, provided for a 0.5% annual increase in payment rates under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, or PFS, through 2019, but no annual update from 2020 through 2025. MACRA also introduced a Quality Payment Program for Medicare physicians, nurses and other “eligible clinicians” (as defined in

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information technology systems to store and effectively manage sales and marketing data, accounting and financial functions, inventory management, product development tasks, clinical data, customer service and technical support functions, intellectual property, proprietary business information and certain personal information, including of our employees and contractors (collectively Confidential Information). The future operation, success and growth of our business depends on streamlined processes made available through our uninhibited access to information systems, global communications, internet activity and other network processes.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Our third-party manufacturers may not take the necessary steps to comply with applicable regulations, which could cause delays in the delivery of our products. In addition, failure to comply with applicable FDA (or other regulatory authorities) requirements or later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products or manufacturing processes could result in, among other things: warning letters or untitled letters; fines, injunctions or civil penalties;

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

We may not be able to obtain or maintain intellectual property or other proprietary rights necessary to our business or in a form that provides us with a competitive advantage.