Palmer Square Capital BDC Inc

Note 1. Organization

Organization

Palmer Square Capital BDC Inc. (the “Company”) is a financial services company that primarily lends to and invests in corporate debt securities of companies, including small to large private U.S. companies. The Company was organized as a Maryland corporation on August 26, 2019 and is structured as an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company. The Company has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Beginning with its taxable year ending December 31, 2020, the Company has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and expects to qualify as a RIC each year thereafter. The Company commenced operations on January 23, 2020. Palmer Square BDC Funding I, LLC (“PS BDC Funding”) was formed on January 21, 2020 and entered into a senior, secured revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. (“BofA N.A.”) Palmer Square BDC Funding II LLC (“PS BDC Funding II”) was formed on September 8, 2020 and entered into a senior, secured credit facility with Wells Fargo, National Association (“WFB”).

The Company’s investment objective is to maximize total return, comprised of current income and capital appreciation. The Company’s current investment focus is guided by two strategies that facilitate its investment opportunities and core competencies: (1) investing in corporate debt securities and, to a lesser extent, (2) investing in collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) structured credit funds that typically own corporate debt securities, including the equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs. To a limited extent, the Company may enter into derivatives transactions, which may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of the Company’s portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates or to earn income and enhance the Company’s total returns. The Company may receive or purchase warrants or rights to acquire equity or other securities in connection with making a debt investment in a company. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company did not invest in any derivative contracts.

The Company is externally managed by Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC (the “Investment Advisor”), an investment adviser that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Company and the Investment Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Investment Advisor is a majority-owned subsidiary of Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“PSCM”) and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The Investment Advisor, in its capacity as administrator (the “Administrator”), provides the administrative services necessary for the Company to operate pursuant to an administration agreement between the Company and the Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries: PS BDC Funding, a special purpose wholly-owned subsidiary established for utilizing the Company’s revolving credit facility with BofA N.A.; PS BDC Funding II, a special purpose wholly-owned subsidiary established for utilizing the Company’s credit facility with WFB; Palmer Square BDC CLO 1, Ltd., a special purpose wholly-owned subsidiary established to be the Issuer in connection with the CLO Transaction (as defined below); and Palmer Square BDC CLO 1, LLC a special purpose indirect wholly-owned subsidiary established to be the Co-Issuer in connection with the CLO Transaction. These subsidiaries are consolidated in the financial statements of the Company.

On January 22, 2024, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”), issuing 5,450,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, at a public offering price of $16.45 per share. The Company’s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PSBD” on January 18, 2024.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

The Company is an investment company and applies specific accounting and financial reporting requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Topic 946, Financial Services-Investment Companies. The Company’s functional currency is U.S. dollars (“USD”) and these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in that currency. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to Regulation S-X.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations which provide general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be known; however, the Company expects any risk of loss to be remote.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash is comprised of cash on deposit with major financial institutions. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company places its cash with high credit quality institutions to minimize credit risk exposure.

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company records origination and other expenses related to its debt obligations as deferred financing costs. These expenses are deferred and amortized over the life of the related debt instrument. Debt issuance costs are presented on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as a direct deduction from the debt liability. In circumstances in which there is not an associated debt liability amount recorded in the consolidated financial statements when the debt issuance costs are incurred, such debt issuance costs will be reported on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as an asset until the debt liability is recorded. As of December 31, 2024, the balance of debt issuance costs was $(1.1) million, representing deferred financing costs of $7.1 million less accrued interest of $8.2 million, included in BoA Credit Facility, WF Credit Facility and CLO Transaction (each as defined below), and is presented on a net basis of $501.7 million for the BoA and WF Credit Facilities and $302.5 million for the CLO Transaction on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, the balance of debt issuance costs was $(1.6) million, representing deferred financing costs of $3.2 million less accrued interest of $4.8 million, included in BoA Credit Facility and WF Credit Facility, and is presented on a net basis of $641.8 million on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. So long as the Company maintains its status as a RIC, it generally will not pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes at least annually to its stockholders as dividends.

To qualify as a RIC, the Company must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. In addition, to qualify for RIC tax treatment, the Company must distribute to its stockholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” for that year, which is generally its ordinary income plus the excess of its realized net short-term capital gains over its realized net long-term capital losses. In order for the Company not to be subject to U.S. federal excise taxes, it must distribute annually an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its net ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of capital losses for the one year period ending October 31 in such calendar year and (iii) any net ordinary income and capital gains in excess of capital losses for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which the Company paid no federal income tax. The Company, at its discretion, may carry forward taxable income in excess of calendar year dividends and pay a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on this income.

The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its consolidated financial statements to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold are reserved and recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. All penalties and interest associated with income taxes are included in income tax expense. Conclusions regarding tax positions are subject to review and may be adjusted at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, on-going analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.

Offering Costs

Offering costs in connection with the offering of common stock of the Company are capitalized as a deferred charge and amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over 12 months from the commencement of operations, January 23, 2020. These expenses consist primarily of legal fees and other costs incurred with the Company’s share offerings, the preparation of the Company’s registration statement, and registration fees.

Basis of Consolidation

As provided under ASC 946, the Company will generally not consolidate its investment in a company other than a substantially wholly owned investment company subsidiary or a controlled operating company whose business consists of providing services to the Company. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the results of the Company’s wholly owned investment company subsidiaries (PS BDC Funding, PS BDC Funding II and Palmer Square BDC CLO I, Ltd.) in its consolidated financial statements.

Interest and Dividend Income Recognition

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis and includes amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Discounts and premiums to par value on securities purchased are accreted and amortized, respectively, into interest income over the contractual life of the respective security using the effective interest method. The amortized cost of investments represents the original cost adjusted for the amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts, if any. Upon prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment premiums, unamortized upfront loan origination fees, paydown gains/losses and unamortized discounts are recorded as interest income in the current period.

Dividend income on preferred equity securities is recorded on the accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income on common equity securities and money market funds is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies or on the ex-dividend date for publicly traded portfolio companies.

Non-Accrual Status

Management reviews all loans that have principal or interest that is 90 days past due, or when there is reasonable doubt as to the collection of principal or interest to determine if a loan will be placed on non-accrual status. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued interest and unpaid interest is generally reversed, and any discount (market or original) is no longer accreted to interest income. Interest payments received while a loan is on non-accrual status may be applied to principal or recognized as income, as determined by management’s judgment regarding collectability.

A loan may be taken off non-accrual status if past due payments are made, and if management determines the issuer is likely to remain current on future payments. Management may make exceptions to this policy if the loan has sufficient collateral value or is in the process of collection. Management may also leave a loan on accrual status while actively seeking recovery of past due payment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had two loans on non-accrual status. As of December 31, 2024, loans on non-accrual status represented 0.08% of the total investments at fair value (or 0.46% at amortized cost). There were no loans on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2023.

Other Income

From time to time, the Company may receive fees for services provided to portfolio companies. These fees are generally only available to the Company as a result of closing investments, are normally paid at the closing of the investments, are generally non-recurring and are recognized as revenue when earned upon closing of the investment. The services that the Investment Advisor provides vary by investment, but can include closing, work, diligence or other similar fees and fees for providing managerial assistance to the Company’s portfolio companies. In addition, the Company may generate revenue in the form of commitment, origination, structuring or diligence fees, monitoring fees and possibly consulting and performance-based fees.

Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation

The Company measures realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, but considering unamortized upfront fees and prepayment penalties. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the change in portfolio investment values during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation, when gains or losses are realized.

Segments

An operating segment is defined in Topic 280 as a component of a public entity that engages in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, has operating results that are regularly reviewed by the public entity’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and has discrete financial information available.

The Company represents a single operating and reporting segment with an investment objective to maximize total return, comprised of current income and capital appreciation. The Investment Committee of the Company’s Investment Advisor acts as the Company’s CODM. The CODM monitors the operating results of the Company as a whole and the Company’s long-term strategic asset allocation is pre-determined in accordance with the terms of its investment objective, which is outlined in “Business—Investment Criteria for Evaluating Potential Investment Opportunities” included in Item 1 of Part I of this Annual report on Form 10-K. The financial information provided to and reviewed by the CODM is consistent with that presented within the Company’s Schedule of Investments, Statement of Changes in Net Assets and Financial Highlights.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which enhances disclosure requirements about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of the new standard impacted financial statement disclosures only and did not affect the Company’s financial position or the results of its operations.

Note 3. Agreements and Related Party Transactions

The Company has entered into the Administration Agreement with the Administrator. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, the Administrator furnishes office facilities and equipment and provides clerical, bookkeeping, compliance, recordkeeping and other administrative services at such facilities. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs, or oversees the performance of, required administrative services, which include being responsible for the financial and other records that the Company is required to maintain and preparing reports to stockholders and reports and other materials filed with the SEC. In addition, the Administrator assists the Company in determining and publishing the Company’s net asset value (“NAV”), overseeing the preparation and filing of tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports and other materials to stockholders, and generally overseeing the payment of expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Company by others. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator also provides managerial assistance on the Company’s behalf to those portfolio companies that have accepted the offer to provide such assistance.

Under the Administration Agreement, the Company reimburses the Administrator based upon its allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead (including rent) in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and the Company’s allocable portion of the cost of its officers (including the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer), and any of their respective staff who provide services to the Company, operations staff who provide services to the Company, and internal audit staff, if any, to the extent internal audit performs a role in the Company’s Sarbanes-Oxley internal control assessment. In addition, if requested to provide managerial assistance to portfolio companies, the Administrator is reimbursed based on the services provided. The Administration Agreement has an initial term oftwo years and may be renewed with the approval of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The agreement was renewed during the year for an additionalone-year period. The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party. To the extent that the Administrator outsources any of its functions, the Company pays the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis without any incremental profit to the Administrator.

In addition, the Administrator has, pursuant to a sub-administration agreement, engaged U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC to act on behalf of the Company’s Administrator in the performance of certain other administrative services. The Company has also engaged Equiniti Trust Company, LLC or its affiliates (“Equiniti”) directly to serve as transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent and has engaged U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”) or its affiliates directly to serve as custodian. Prior to the Company’s engagement of Equiniti upon the closing of the IPO, U.S. Bank served as the Company’s transfer agent, distribution paying agent and registrar.

The Investment Advisor serves as the investment adviser of the Company and is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. The Investment Advisor’s primary business is to provide a variety of investment management services, including an investment program for the Company. The Investment Advisor is responsible for all business activities and oversight of the investment decisions made for the Company.

Subsequent to the IPO, in return for providing management services to the Company, the Company pays the Investment Advisor a base management fee, calculated and paid quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.75% of the average value of the weighted average (based on the number of shares outstanding each day in the quarter) of the Company’s total net assets at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. The base management fee for any partial quarter will be pro-rated based on the number of days actually elapsed in that quarter relative to the total number of days in such quarter.

Prior to the IPO, the base management fee was 2.00% of the average value of the weighted average (based on the number of shares outstanding each day in the quarter) of the Company’s total net assets at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. The Investment Advisor, however, during any period prior to the IPO, agreed to waive its right to receive management fees in excess of an annual rate of 1.75% of the average value of the weighted average total net assets at the end of each of our two most recently completed calendar quarters. The Investment Advisor will not be permitted to recoup any base management fees waived for any period of time prior to the IPO.

Additionally, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Advisor is not entitled to an incentive fee prior to the IPO because the Advisory Agreement provides that no incentive fee is payable prior to the listing of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange. Effective upon completion of the IPO, the Investment Advisor is entitled to an incentive fee (the “Income Incentive Fee”) based on the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income for the then most recently completed calendar quarter, as adjusted downward (but not upward) if over the most recently completed and eleven preceding calendar quarters since the IPO (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters since the IPO) (each such period is referred to herein as the “Trailing Twelve Quarters”) aggregate net realized losses on the Company’s investments exceed the Company’s aggregate net investment income over the same period, excluding the most recently completed quarter, as described in more detail below. In this regard, if the Company’s net realized losses over the Trailing Twelve Quarters since the IPO (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters since the IPO) are greater than the Company’s net investment income over the same period, excluding the most recently completed quarter, then the pre-incentive fee net income used in the calculation of the Income Incentive Fee would be subject to a downward adjustment. The amount of the adjustment would be equal to the amount by which such net realized losses exceed such net investment income. On the other hand, if the Company’s net investment income over the Trailing Twelve Quarters since the IPO (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters since the IPO) is equal to or greater than the Company’s net realized losses over the same period, excluding the most recently completed quarter, then no adjustment to pre-incentive fee net investment income would be made. The Income Incentive Fee will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears commencing with the first calendar quarter following the IPO. The Company will pay the Investment Advisor an Income Incentive Fee with respect to its “adjusted net investment income” in each calendar quarter as follows:

•

no Income Incentive Fee in any calendar quarter in which the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” does not exceed an amount equal to a “hurdle rate” of 1.5% per quarter (6% annualized) of the Company’s total net assets at the end of that quarter (the “Hurdle Amount”);

•

100% of the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” with respect to that portion of such “adjusted net investment income,” if any, that exceeds the Hurdle Amount but is less than or equal to an amount (the “Catch-Up Amount”) determined on a quarterly basis by multiplying 1.7142% by the Company’s total NAV for the immediately preceding calendar quarter. The Catch-Up Amount is intended to provide the Investment Advisor with an incentive fee of 12.5% on all of the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” when the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” reaches the Catch-Up Amount in any calendar quarter; and

•

for any calendar quarter in which the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” exceeds the Catch-Up Amount, the Income Incentive Fee shall equal 12.5% of the amount of the Company’s “adjusted net investment income” for the calendar quarter.

“Adjusted net investment income” means the Company’s “pre-incentive fee net investment income” during the then most recently completed calendar quarter minus the difference, if positive, between (i) the Company’s “net realized losses” over the then Trailing Twelve Quarters (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since the IPO) and (ii) the Company’s “net investment income” over the Trailing Twelve Quarters (excluding the then most recently completed calendar quarter). No adjustment (downward or upward) will be made to “pre-incentive fee net investment income” if the difference between clause (i) minus clause (ii) is zero or negative.

“Pre-incentive fee net investment income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that the Company receives from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, any expenses payable under the Administration Agreement, and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the Income Incentive Fee). “Pre-incentive fee net investment income” includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature such as market discount, original issue discount (“OID”), debt instruments with payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero-coupon securities, accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash.

“Net realized losses” in respect of a particular period means the difference, if positive, between (i) the aggregate realized capital losses on the Company’s investments in such period and (ii) the aggregate realized capital gains on the Company’s investments in such period. “Net investment income” in respect of the particular period means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that the Company receives from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the particular period, minus operating expenses for the particular period (including the base management fee, the Income Incentive Fee, any expenses payable under the Administration Agreement, and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock). “Net investment income” includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature such as market discount, OID, debt instruments with PIK interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero-coupon securities, accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash.

The Income Incentive Fee amount, or the calculations pertaining thereto, as appropriate, will be pro-rated for any period less than a full calendar quarter.

Effective upon completion of the IPO, the Investment Advisor has also agreed to use the most recently completed and three preceding calendar quarters (each such period is referred to herein as the “Trailing Four Quarters”) in addition to the Trailing Twelve Quarters to compute the incentive fee payable to it by the Company. In conjunction therewith, the Investment Advisor has agreed to calculate the incentive fee based on the Trailing Twelve Quarters and the Trailing Four Quarters and in the event that any Trailing Four Quarter period calculation produces a lower incentive fee as compared to the applicable Trailing Twelve Quarter period calculation for any quarterly period, then the Trailing Four Quarter Period will be used in connection with the calculation of the incentive fee payable to the Investment Advisor by the Company for such quarter.

The Investment Advisor has agreed to pay all offering costs in connection with the IPO. These expenses consist primarily of legal fees and other costs incurred with the Company’s share offerings, the preparation of the Company’s registration statement, and registration fees. The Company is not obligated to repay any such offering costs paid by our Investment Advisor.

Note 4. Investments

The following table presents the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio at amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

As of December 31, 2024, approximately 17.8% of the long-term investment portfolio at amortized cost and 18.1% of the long-term investment portfolio measured at fair value, respectively, were invested in non-qualifying assets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 14.2% of the long-term investment portfolio at amortized cost and 14.1% of the long-term investment portfolio measured at fair value, respectively, were invested in non-qualifying assets. With respect to the Company’s total assets,17.0% and 13.2% of the Company’s total assets were in non-qualifying assets as defined by Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The industry composition of investments based on fair value, as a percentage of total investments at fair value, as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Note 5. Fair Value of Investments

Fair value is defined as the price that the Company would receive upon selling an investment or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction to a market participant in the principal or most advantageous market for the investment. Accounting guidance emphasizes that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable market inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The valuation hierarchical levels are based upon the transparency of the inputs to the valuation of the investment as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Valuations based on inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable at the measurement date. This category includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets including actionable bids from third parties for privately held assets or liabilities, and observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curves and forward currency rates that are entered directly into valuation models to determine the value of derivatives or other assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and where there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date.

Investments in private investment companies measured based upon NAV as a practical expedient to determine fair value are not required to be categorized in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023, there were no investments accounted for using the practical expedient.

The inputs for the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation and are based upon management’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These investments include debt and equity investments in private companies or assets valued using the market or income approach and may involve pricing models whose inputs require significant judgment or estimation because of the absence of any meaningful current market data for identical or similar investments. The inputs in these valuations may include, but are not limited to, capitalization and discount rates, beta and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples. The information may also include pricing information or broker quotes, which include a disclaimer that the broker would not be held to such a price in an actual transaction. The non-binding nature of consensus pricing and/or quotes accompanied by disclaimer would result in classification as Level 3 information, assuming no additional corroborating evidence.

Pricing inputs and weightings applied to determine fair value require subjective determination. Accordingly, valuations do not necessarily represent the amounts that may eventually be realized from sales or other dispositions of investments.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy of investments as of December 31, 2024:

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy of investments as of December 31, 2023:

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not recognize any transfers to or from Level 3.

Debt Not Carried at Fair Value

The fair value of the BoA Credit Facility, WF Credit Facility and CLO Transaction, which would be categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024, approximates their respective carrying values because the BoA Credit Facility, WF Credit Facility and CLO Transaction each have variable interest based on selected short-term rates.

Note 6. Borrowings

In accordance with the 1940 Act, with certain limitations, BDCs are permitted to borrow amounts such that their asset coverage ratios, as defined in the 1940 Act, are at least 150% after such borrowing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s asset coverage ratio was 167%.

On February 18, 2020, the Company, through a special purpose wholly-owned subsidiary, PS BDC Funding (together with the Company, the “Borrowers”) entered into a Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with certain financial institutions as lenders (“Lenders”), BofA N.A. as the Administrative Agent and BofA Securities, Inc. (“BofA Securities”), as Lead Arranger and Sole Book Manager, pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to provide the Company with a revolving line of credit (the “BoA Credit Facility”).

Under the BoA Credit Facility, the Lenders have agreed to extend credit to PS BDC Funding in an aggregate amount up to the Commitment (as defined in the Credit Agreement) amount. The Commitment amount for the BoA Credit Facility was $200.0 million as of the closing date of the Credit Agreement, increased to $400.0 million on the one-month anniversary of the closing date, further increased to $475.0 million on October 12, 2020, further increased to $725.0 million on September 29, 2021, and decreased to $525.0 million on June 13, 2024. The Borrowers’ ability to draw under the BoA Credit Facility is scheduled to terminate on February 11, 2028. All amounts outstanding under the BoA Credit Facility are required to be repaid by February 18, 2028. On March 29, 2024, the Company entered into a fourth amendment to the BoA Credit Facility to, among other things: (i) extend the facility maturity date from February 18, 2025 to February 18, 2028; (ii) update arrangements for the calculation of the fee on unused commitments from 1.30% to a range from 0.50% to 1.40%, depending on the amount of commitments utilized, and (iii) payment of an extension fee. As the Company raises additional capital, we may enter into additional credit agreements to expand our borrowing capacity.

Debt obligations under the BoA Credit Facility consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024:

(1)

The amount available reflects any limitations related to the BoA Credit Facility’s borrowing base.

(2)

The carrying value of the BoA Credit Facility is presented net of deferred financing costs of $3.4 million and accrued interest of $1.2 million.

Debt obligations under the BoA Credit Facility consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023:

(1)

The amount available reflects any limitations related to the BoA Credit Facility’s borrowing base.

(2)

The carrying value of the BoA Credit Facility is presented net of deferred financing costs of $739 thousand and accrued interest of $2.2 million.

Average debt outstanding under the BoA Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $479.1 million, $498.3 million and $544.0 million, respectively.

The loans under the BoA Credit Facility may be base rate loans or SOFR loans. The base rate loans will bear interest at the base rate plus 1.40%, and the SOFR loans will bear interest at 1-month SOFR plus 1.40% or 3-month SOFR plus 1.45%. The “base rate” will be equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate, and (c) 1-month or 3-month SOFR plus 0.10%. The Credit Agreement includes fallback language in the event that SOFR becomes unavailable. Interest pursuant to base rate loans is payable quarterly in arrears, and interest pursuant to SOFR loans is payable either quarterly or monthly, as specified by the Borrowers in a loan notice pertaining thereto. The Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee of 0.50% for unused Commitments until the four-month anniversary of the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement. Thereafter, the commitment fee is 0.50% on unused Commitments up to 30% of the BoA Credit Facility, and 1.30% on unused Commitments in excess of 30% of the BoA Credit Facility. Such fee is payable quarterly in arrears. The advance rate for PS BDC Funding’s Eligible Collateral Assets ranges from 40% for Second Lien Bank Loans to 70% for First Lien Bank Loans that are B Assets to 100% for Cash (excluding Excluded Amounts) (as each such term is defined in the Credit Agreement).

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the components of interest expense with respect to the BoA Credit Facility were as follows:

PS BDC Funding has pledged all of its assets to BofA N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, to secure its obligations under the BoA Credit Facility. Both the Company and PS BDC Funding have made customary representations and warranties and are required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. Borrowing under the BoA Credit Facility is subject to the leverage restrictions contained in the 1940 Act and PS BDC Funding complies with 1940 Act provisions relating to affiliated transactions and custody. The custodian of the assets pledged to BofA N.A. pursuant to the BoA Credit Facility is U.S. Bank. The obligations under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement, including in the event of a change of control of PS BDC Funding or if the Investment Advisor ceases to serve as investment adviser to the Company.

On December 18, 2020, the Company, through a special purpose wholly-owned subsidiary, PS BDC Funding II (together with the Company, the “WF Borrowers”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with certain financial institutions as lenders (“WF Lenders”), WFB as the administrative agent and U.S. Bank, as Collateral Agent and Custodian, pursuant to which the WF Lenders agreed to provide the Company with a line of credit (the “WF Credit Facility”).

On December 18, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the WF Credit Facility (the “WF Credit Facility Fourth Amendment”) that amends the WF Credit Facility to, among other things: (i) increase the amount available for borrowing under the WF Credit Facility from $150,000,000 to $175,000,000, (ii) extend the facility maturity date from December 18, 2025 to December 18, 2028 and (iii) extend the reinvestment period from December 18, 2023 to December 18, 2026 (subject to other provisions of the WF Credit Facility).

Debt obligations under the WF Credit Facility consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024:

(1)

The amount available reflects any limitations related to the WF Credit Facility’s borrowing base.

(2)

The carrying value of the WF Credit Facility is presented net of deferred financing costs of $2.0 million and accrued interest of $2.7 million.

Debt obligations under the WF Credit Facility consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023:

(1)

The amount available reflects any limitations related to the WF Credit Facility’s borrowing base.

(2)

The carrying value of the WF Credit Facility is presented net of deferred financing costs of $2.5 million and accrued interest of $2.6 million.

Average debt outstanding under the WF Credit Facility during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, was $139.1 million, $131.4 million and $123.4 million, respectively.

Prior to April 10, 2023, the loans under the WF Credit Facility may have been Broadly Syndicated Loans or Middle Market loans and were eurocurrency rate loans unless such rate was unavailable, in which case the loans were base rate loans until such rate was available. Broadly Syndicated Loans bore interest at the LIBOR or base rate, as applicable, plus 1.85%, and Middle Market Loans bore interest at LIBOR or base rate, as applicable, plus 2.35%. The “base rate” was equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (b) the prime rate. On April 10, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the WF Credit Facility that, among other things: (i) transferred and assigned U.S. Bank’s rights and obligations as collateral agent and as a secured party to U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, (ii) referenced SOFR instead of LIBOR and (iii) removed LIBOR transition language.

As of April 10, 2023, the loans under the WF Credit Facility may be Broadly Syndicated Loans or Middle Market Loans and will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR, or base rate (to the extent Daily Simple SOFR is unavailable), plus 2.50%, with an interest rate floor of 0.0%. The “base rate” will be equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (b) the prime rate. The Loan Agreement includes fallback language in the event that Daily Simple SOFR becomes unavailable. Interest is payable quarterly, as determined by the WFB as the administrative agent. Following an amendment to the WF Credit Facility on October 13, 2021, the Loan Agreement requires the payment of a non-usage fee of (x) during the first thirteen months following the closing of the WF Credit Facility, 0.50% multiplied by daily unused Facility Amounts, (y) between thirteen and sixteen months following the closing of the WF Credit Facility, 0.50% multiplied by the lesser of (1) daily unused Facility Amounts and (2) 50% of the Facility Amount plus 2.00% multiplied by the greater of (i) the difference between the daily unused Facility Amount and 50% of the Facility Amount and (ii) zero and, (z) thereafter, 0.50% multiplied by the lesser of (1) daily unused Facility Amounts and (2) 20% of the Facility Amount plus 2.00% multiplied by the greater of (i) the difference between the daily unused Facility Amount and 20% of the Facility Amount and (ii) zero. Such fee is payable quarterly in arrears. The WF Credit Facility includes the option to downsize the facility by paying a Commitment Reduction Fee. The Fee is equal to 2.00% of the facility reduction amount prior to the one-year anniversary of the WF Credit Facility Fourth Amendment, and 1.00% thereafter. The applicable percentage for the advance rate on PS BDC Funding II’s Eligible Loans ranges from 67.5% for Middle Market Loans to 70% for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as each such term is defined in the Loan Agreement).

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the components of interest expense with respect to the WF Credit Facility were as follows:

PS BDC Funding II has pledged all of its assets to U.S. Bank, in its capacity as Collateral Agent, to secure its obligations under the WF Credit Facility and U.S. Bank acts as the custodian of such assets. Both the Company and PS BDC Funding II have made customary representations and warranties and are required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements, and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. Borrowing under the WF Credit Facility is subject to the leverage restrictions contained in the 1940 Act and PS BDC Funding II complies with 1940 Act provisions relating to affiliated transactions and custody. The obligations under the Loan Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Loan Agreement, including in the event of a change of control of PS BDC Funding II, if the Investment Advisor ceases to serve as investment adviser to the Company, or if PSCM or its affiliates cease to directly or indirectly own a majority of the membership interests of the Investment Advisor.

On May 23, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed a $400.5 million term debt securitization (the “CLO Transaction”), also known as a collateralized loan obligation, in connection with which a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company issued the Notes (as defined below). The CLO Transaction functions as a source of long-term balance sheet financing for a portion of the Company’s portfolio investments and, as a result, the Notes issued in connection with the CLO Transaction are subject to the Company’s regulatory asset coverage requirement.

The notes offered in the CLO Transaction were issued by Palmer Square BDC CLO 1, Ltd. (the “Issuer”), an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, and consist of(i) $232 million of Class A Notes (the “Class A Notes”); (ii) $58.0 million Class B-1 Notes, (the “Class B-1 Notes”); and (iii) $10 million of Class B-2 Notes (the “Class B-2 Notes” and, together with the Class A Notes and the Class B-1 Notes, the “Secured Notes”). Additionally, on the Closing Date the Issuer issued $100.5 million of Subordinated Notes (the “Subordinated Notes”), which do not bear interest but are entitled to all of the principal and interest payments made on the loan portfolio held by the Issuer, net of interest and principal payments distributed to the holders of the Secured Notes. The Secured Notes together with the Subordinated Notes are collectively referred to herein as the “Notes.”

The following table presents information on the Notes issued in the CLO Transaction:

(1)

The Company retained all of the Subordinated Notes issued in the CLO Transaction which are eliminated in consolidation.

On the Closing Date and in connection with the CLO Transaction, the Issuer and the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with BofA Securities, Inc., as the initial purchaser (the “Initial Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Initial Purchaser purchased the Secured Notes issued pursuant to an indenture as part of the CLO Transaction.

The CLO Transaction is backed by a diversified portfolio of senior secured loans or participation interests therein with the potential for investment in second lien loans or participation interests therein, corporate bonds or loans made to a debtor-in-possession pursuant to Section 364 of the Bankruptcy Code having the priority allowed by either Section 364(c) or 364(d) of the Bankruptcy Code and fully secured by senior liens or participation interests therein, which is managed by the Company as collateral manager pursuant to a collateral management agreement entered into with the Issuer on the Closing Date (the “Collateral Management Agreement”). The Company has agreed to irrevocably waive all collateral management fees payable to it so long as it is the collateral manager under the Collateral Management Agreement. The Notes are scheduled to mature on July 15, 2037; however, the Notes may be redeemed by the Issuer, at the written direction of (i) a majority of the Subordinated Notes (with the consent of the Company, in the case of the Secured Notes) or (ii) the Company, in each case, on any business day on or after July 15, 2026.

The Secured Notes are the secured obligations of the Issuer, the Subordinated Notes are the unsecured obligations of the Issuer, and the indenture governing the Notes includes customary covenants and events of default. The Notes have not been, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state securities or “blue sky” laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission or an applicable exemption from registration.

For the year ended December 31, 2024 the components of interest expense with respect to the Notes were as follows:

Senior Securities

Information about the Company’s senior securities is shown in the following table for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands).

(1)

Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented.

(2)

Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total consolidated assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness.

(3)

The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the voluntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it. The “—” in this column indicates that the SEC expressly does not require this information to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities.

(4)

Not applicable because such senior securities are not registered for public trading.

Note 7. Share Transactions

Offering Proceeds

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 , 2023, and 2022 the Company issued and sold 5,576,363 shares at an aggregate purchase price of$91.7 million,2,816,166 shares at an aggregate purchase price of $46.7 million, and 1,716,297 shares at an aggregate purchase price of $29.2 million, respectively. These amounts include shares issued in reinvestment.

Distribution Reinvestment Plan

The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that provides for reinvestment of its dividends and other distributions on behalf of the Company’s stockholders, unless a stockholder elects to receive cash. As a result, if the Company’s Board authorizes, and the Company declares, a cash dividend or other distribution, then stockholders who do not “opt out” of the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash dividends and distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, rather than receiving cash dividends and distributions.

Prior to the IPO, the Board primarily used newly-issued shares of the Company’s common stock to implement the dividend reinvestment plan. The number of shares of common stock to be issued to a participant prior to the IPO would be equal to the quotient determined by dividing the cash value of the dividend payable to such stockholder by the NAV per share as of the date such dividend was declared.

After the IPO, the Board intends to primarily use newly-issued shares to implement the dividend reinvestment plan, whether or not the shares are trading at a price per share at, below or above NAV. However, the Board reserves the right to purchase shares in the open market in connection with the implementation of the dividend reinvestment plan. The Board will examine the full facts and circumstances of each such dividend to determine the approach (i.e., to use newly issued shares or effectuate open market purchases to implement the dividend reinvestment plan) that is in the best interests of stockholders taking into account the Board’s fiduciary duties to stockholders, including by weighing the potential dilution in connection with such issuance to be incurred by the Company’s stockholders against the Company’s need and usage of reinvested funds, and, if the Company uses newly issued shares to implement the dividend reinvestment plan at a time when the shares are trading at a price below NAV, the stockholders’ receipt of fewer shares than they would have if the Company had effectuated open market purchases. The number of newly issued shares to be issued to a participant would be determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to such stockholder by the market price per share of the Company’s common stock at the close of regular trading on a national securities exchange on the dividend payment date. Shares purchased in open market transactions by Equiniti, the plan administrator and the Company’s transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent, will be allocated to a participant based upon the average purchase price, excluding any brokerage charges or other charges, of all shares of the Company’s common stock purchased with respect to the dividend.

A registered stockholder may elect to receive an entire distribution in cash by notifying Equiniti in writing so that such notice is received by the plan administrator no later than the record date for distributions to stockholders. The plan administrator will set up an account for shares acquired through the plan for each stockholder who has not elected to receive dividends or other distributions in cash and hold such shares in noncertificated form.

There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the plan. The plan administrator’s fees will be paid by the Company.

Stockholders who receive dividends and other distributions in the form of stock are generally subject to the same U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences as are stockholders who elect to receive their distributions in cash. However, since a participating stockholder’s cash dividends will be reinvested, such stockholder will not receive cash with which to pay any applicable taxes on reinvested dividends. A stockholder’s basis for determining gain or loss upon the sale of stock received in a dividend or other distribution from the Company will generally be equal to the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to the stockholder. Any stock received in a dividend or other distribution will have a new holding period for tax purposes commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are credited to the U.S. stockholder’s account.

Participants may terminate their accounts under the plan by so notifying the plan administrator by submitting a letter of instruction terminating the participant’s account under the plan to Equiniti. The plan may be terminated by the Company upon notice in writing mailed to each participant at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any dividend by the Company.

If participants withdraw from the plan or the plan is terminated, the plan administrator will cause the shares held for the participant under the plan to be delivered to the participant. If an investor holds common stock with a brokerage firm that does not participate in the plan, such investor will not be able to participate in the plan and any dividend reinvestment may be affected on different terms than those described above.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 126,363 shares of its common stock pursuant to the Company dividend reinvestment plan.

Open Market Share Repurchase Plan

The Board authorized the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock through an open-market share repurchase program for up to $20 million in the aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock through 12 months from the date of the IPO. Pursuant to such authorization and concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the Company entered into a share repurchase plan (the “Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan”) to acquire up to $15 million in the aggregate of shares of its common stock, in accordance with the guidelines specified in Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.

The Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan is intended to allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so under insider trading laws. The Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan will require the Company’s agent to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock on the Company’s behalf when the market price per share of the Company’s common stock is below the most recently reported NAV per share of common stock. Under the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan, the agent will increase the volume of purchases made as the price of the Company’s common stock declines, subject to volume restrictions.

The repurchase of shares pursuant to the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan is intended to satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act and will otherwise be subject to applicable law, including Regulation M, which may prohibit purchases under certain circumstances.

The Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan commenced on March 23, 2024, beginning 60 calendar days following the end of the “restricted period” under Regulation M, and will terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) 12 months from the date of the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan, (ii) the end of the trading day on which the aggregate purchase price for all shares purchased under the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan equals $15 million and (iii) the occurrence of certain other events described in the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 78,964 shares of its common stock pursuant to the Company Rule 10b5-1 Repurchase Plan.

In addition, PSCM will purchase up to $5 million in the aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market within one year of the IPO date if the Company’s shares of common stock trade below a specific level of NAV per share following the IPO. Concurrently with the closing of the IPO, PSCM entered into a share repurchase plan (the “PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan”) to permit the purchase of up to $2.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The purchases of shares pursuant to the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan will be implemented in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.

The PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan is intended to allow PSCM to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so under insider trading laws. The PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan will require PSCM’s agent to purchase shares of common stock on PSCM’s behalf when the market price per share of the Company’s common stock is trading below the most recently reported NAV per share of common stock. Under the PSCM Rule 10b-1 Stock Purchase Plan, the agent will increase the volume of purchases made as the price of the Company’s common stock declines, subject to volume restrictions.

The purchase of shares pursuant to the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan is intended to satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, and will otherwise be subject to applicable law, including Regulation M, which may prohibit purchases under certain circumstances.

The PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan commenced on March 23, 2024 and will terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) 12 months from the date of the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan, (ii) the end of the trading day on which the aggregate purchase price for all shares purchased under the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan equals $2.5 million, and (iii) the occurrence of certain other events described in the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, PSCM did not repurchase any shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the PSCM Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan.

Note 8. Dividends and Distributions

The Company’s dividends and distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The following table summarizes the Company’s dividend declarations and distributions during the year ended December 31, 2024 (since IPO):

(1)

In accordance with the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan,149,382 shares of the Company’s stock were purchased in the open market at an average price of $16.49. The Company issued the remaining 35,963 shares of common stock at the average open market price and shares were allocated to stockholders of the Company participating in the dividend reinvestment plan.

(2)

In accordance with the Company's dividend reinvestment plan,110,540 shares of the Company's stock were purchased in the open market at an average price of $16.44. The Company issued the remaining 65,409 shares of common stock at the average open market price and shares were allocated to stockholders of the Company participating in the dividend reinvestment plan.

(3)

In accordance with the Company's dividend reinvestment plan,123,362 shares of the Company's stock were purchased in the open market at an average price of $16.21. The Company issued the remaining 24,991 shares of common stock at the average open market price and shares were allocated to stockholders of the Company participating in the dividend reinvestment plan.

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an aggregate of $21.6 million and $20.1 million, respectively, of unfunded commitments to provide debt financing to its portfolio companies. As of each of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no capital calls or draw requests made by the portfolio companies to fund these commitments. Such commitments are generally up to the Company’s discretion to approve or are subject to the satisfaction of certain financial and nonfinancial covenants and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities and are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities.

A summary of the composition of the unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2024 is shown in the table below:

(1)

Commitments are generally subject to borrowers meeting certain criteria such as compliance with covenants and certain operational metrics. These amounts may remain outstanding until the commitment period of an applicable loan expires, which may be shorter than its maturity.

A summary of the composition of the unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2023 is shown in the table below:

(1)

Commitments are generally subject to borrowers meeting certain criteria such as compliance with covenants and certain operational metrics. These amounts may remain outstanding until the commitment period of an applicable loan expires, which may be shorter than its maturity.

From time to time, the Company may become a party to certain legal proceedings incidental to the normal course of its business. As of December 31, 2024, management is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation.

Note 10. Earnings Per Share

In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share(“ASC 260”), basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. As of each of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, there were no dilutive shares.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

Note 11. Income Taxes

The Company intends to continue to qualify annually as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). As a RIC, the Company is not subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income and gains distributed currently to its stockholders as a dividend. The Company anticipates distributing substantially all of its taxable income and gains, within the Subchapter M rules, and thus the Company anticipates that it will not incur any federal or state income tax at the RIC level. As a RIC, the Company is also subject to a federal excise tax based on distributive requirements of its taxable income on a calendar year basis. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, to the extent required.

The permanent differences for tax purposes from distributable earnings to additional paid in capital were reclassified for tax purposes for the tax years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. These reclassifications have no impact on net assets.

The following reconciles net increase in net assets resulting from operations to taxable income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the components of accumulated earnings on a tax basis were as follows:

Capital losses can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future capital gains. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $26,055,895 and $9,042,947 in capital loss carryforwards, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no capital loss carryforwards.

As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company’s aggregate unrealized appreciation and depreciation on investments based on cost for U.S. federal income tax purposes was as follows:

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) as of January 23, 2020, commencement of operations. ASC 740 provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. As of December 31, 2024, management has analyzed the Company’s tax positions, and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits should be recorded related to uncertain tax positions taken in the Company’s current year tax return. The Company identifies its major tax jurisdiction as U.S. Federal. The 2020-2024 tax years remain subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and local authorities. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.

Note 12. Financial Highlights

The following per share of common stock data has been derived from information provided in the consolidated financial statements. The following is a schedule of financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, and 2021, and for the period January 23, 2020 (Commencement of Operations) through December 31, 2020:

(1)

The per common share data was derived by using weighted average shares outstanding.

(2)

The ratios reflect an annualized amount.

(3)

Total return is calculated as the change in net asset value (“NAV”) per share during the period, plus distributions per share (if any), divided by the beginning NAV per share. Total return is not annualized. Assumes reinvestment of distributions.

(4)

Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in this caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to share transactions during the period.

Note 13. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following are the quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. The following information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.

Note 14. Subsequent Events

The Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements included herein. There have been no subsequent events that require recognition or disclosure in these consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

Distributions

On January 13, 2025, the Company paid a distribution in the amount of $15,649,925, or $0.48 per share, to shareholders on record as of December 27, 2024.

Unfunded Capital Commitments

On January 8, 2025, $14,088.56 was paid down on the Enverus Holdings, Inc. facility. On February 24, 2025, $124,784.36 of the outstanding commitment to Enverus Holdings, Inc. was funded. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $348,188.60 as of such date.

On January 15, 2025, $73,179.44 of the outstanding commitment to Galway Borrower LLC was funded. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $4,287,391.56 as of such date.

On January 21, 2025, $98,135.05 of the outstanding commitment to Galway Borrower LLC was funded. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $4,189,256.51 as of such date.

On January 31, 2025, $17,773.24 of the outstanding commitment to USIC Holdings, Inc. was funded. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $121,502.85 as of such date.

On January 31, 2025, the outstanding commitment of $2,660,000 to Everest SubBidCo was funded.

On February 3, 2025, $36,785.44 of the outstanding commitment to USIC Holdings, Inc. was funded. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $211,516.26 as of such date.

On February 10, 2025, $36,785.44 of the outstanding commitment to USIC Holdings, Inc. was funded. On February 13, 2025, $27,589.08 was paid down on the facility. The balance of the remaining unfunded commitment was $202,319.90 as of such date.

Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan

From January 1, 2025 to February 26, 2025, the Company repurchased 20,886 shares of its common stock pursuant to the Company Rule 10b5-1 Repurchase Plan and Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan (as defined below) at an aggregate price of $322,588.

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into a share repurchase plan (the “Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan”) to acquire up to $20 million in the aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock less any repurchases made pursuant to the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan, in accordance with the guidelines specified in Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan commenced on January 22, 2025 and will terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) 12 months from the date of the Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan, (ii) the end of the trading day on which the aggregate purchase price for all shares purchased under the Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan equals $20 million less any repurchases made pursuant to the Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan and (iii) the occurrence of certain other events described in the Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan. The Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan terminated upon the commencement of the Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan.

The Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan is intended to allow the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so under insider trading laws. The Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan will require the Company’s agent to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock on the Company’s behalf when the market price per share of the Company’s common stock is below the most recently reported NAV per share of common stock. Under the Extended Company Rule 10b5-1 Stock Repurchase Plan, the agent will increase the volume of purchases made as the price of the Company’s common stock declines, subject to volume restrictions.