TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS INC
For the period ended Jun 30, 2024. Filed Aug 6, 2024.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Jun 30, 2024 · Filed Aug 6, 2024
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-03-31; filed 2024-05-07.
0000950170-24-054480
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-06-30; filed 2024-08-06.
0000950170-24-091787
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 92 previous paragraphs and 100 current paragraphs.
63 unchanged; 27 reworded; 6 added; 2 removed; 0 previous and 4 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 2 previous and 2 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (6)
Current report
Innovation and Growth
Current report
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.9 million, or 11.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. Sales and marketing expenses increased due to $3.7 million in higher payroll and related expenses primarily from increased headcount of sales and marketing personnel, including stock compensation expense, an increase of $0.9 million in commissions due to higher sales, and an increase of $0.3 million in surgical instrument expense due to an increase in volume of surgical instruments, partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million due to lower advertising fees for direct to consumer campaigns, and a decrease of $0.4 million due to lower costs for conferences and events. Of the $3.7 million increase in payroll and related expenses, $0.9 million was related to a non-recurring restructuring charge that includes severance and other post-employment benefits.
Current report
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $4.2 million, or 41.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due to a $2.0 million increase in the provision for allowance for credit losses that includes a $2.1 million write-off of receivables due from a customer that filed bankruptcy in the second quarter, $1.4 million in higher payroll and related costs, primarily due to higher stock compensation expense, a $0.6 million increase in professional services primarily related to legal fees, and a $0.3 million increase in amortization of finite-lived intangible assets from our acquisition of RPM-3D.
Current report
Interest Income. Interest income decreased $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to lower balances invested in marketable securities during the current year period as we fund current operations.
Current report
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Current report
Interest Income. Interest income decreased $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to lower balances invested in marketable securities during the current year period as we fund current operations.
Removed paragraphs (2)
Previous report
Investments in Innovation and Growth
Previous report
In our general and administrative functions, we expect to support our anticipated growth in the Company. Accordingly, in the near term, we expect to have net losses from these activities, but in the longer term we anticipate they will positively impact our business and results of operations.
Reworded paragraphs (27)
Previous wording
As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $9.3 million and marketable securities of $100.7 million available for sale to fund operations, an accumulated deficit of $152.9 million and $54.0 million of principal outstanding under our term loan and revolving loan agreements.
Current wording
As of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $18.2 million and marketable securities of $76.9 million available for sale to fund operations, an accumulated deficit of $174.1 million and $54.0 million of principal outstanding under our term loan and revolving loan agreements.
Previous wording
We believe that our financial performance has been and in the foreseeable future, will continue to depend on many factors, including the macro-economic conditions as described above, those noted in our Annual Report, in the section titled "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Current wording
We believe that our financial performance has been and in the foreseeable future, will continue to depend on many factors, including the macro-economic conditions as described above, those noted in our Annual Report, in the section titled "Special
Previous wording
We expect to continue to focus on long-term revenue growth through investments in our business and new products. In sales and marketing, we are dedicating meaningful resources to continue to expand our sales force and management team in the United States, as well as our patient focused outreach and education campaigns.
Current wording
We expect to continue to focus on long-term revenue growth through investments in our business and new products. In sales and marketing, we have dedicated meaningful resources and believe that by early 2025 will have our sales force and management team in place that can support our future growth as well as our patient focused outreach and education campaigns.
Previous wording
In research and development, our team and surgeon consultants are continually working on next-generation innovations for the surgical correction of bunions and other conditions that often present with bunions. In 2021, we launched (1) the Lapiplasty Mini-Incision System, which is designed to allow the Lapiplasty Procedure to be performed through a miniature, 3.5cm incision as compared to the current 6cm to 8cm incision, and (2) the Adductoplasty System, which brings together our implants and instrumentation to provide a comprehensive system designed for reproducible realignment, stabilization, and fusion of the midfoot to address midfoot deformities that can occur in up to 30% of bunion patients. In 2022, we introduced (1) the 3-n-1 Guide, which combines three separate instruments and three procedure steps into one instrument and step, (2) the S4A plating system, which features advanced 3D contours designed to accommodate variations in patient anatomy, and (3) the SpeedRelease Instrument, which is a single-use instrument designed to make a challenging soft tissue release performed in the majority of Lapiplasty cases easier to perform and more reproducible for the surgeon. In 2023, in addition to the acquisition of the assets of RPM-3D, we began the market release of (1) the SpeedPlate fixation platform, which can be used in the Lapiplasty and Adductoplasty Procedures, as well as other common bone fusion procedures of the foot, (2) the Hammertoe PEEK Fixation System designed to address hammertoe, claw toe and mallet toe deformities, which often present concomitantly with bunions, and (3) LapiTome and RazorTome Osteotomes, which are sterile, single-use instruments that are designed to facilitate more efficient removal and release of bone slices and soft tissue in Lapiplasty and Adductoplasty cases.
Current wording
In research and development, our team and surgeon consultants are continually working on next-generation innovations for the surgical correction of bunions and other conditions that often present with bunions. In 2023, in addition to the acquisition of the assets of RPM-3D, we began the market release of (1) the SpeedPlate fixation platform, which can be used in the Lapiplasty and Adductoplasty Procedures, as well as other common bone fusion procedures of the foot, (2) the Hammertoe PEEK Fixation System designed to address hammertoe, claw toe and mallet toe deformities, which often present concomitantly with bunions, and (3) LapiTome and RazorTome Osteotomes, which are sterile, single-use instruments that are designed to facilitate more efficient removal and release of bone slices and soft tissue in Lapiplasty and Adductoplasty cases. In 2024 and 2025, we plan to introduce a series of new products designed to address the evolving needs of bunion surgeons and their patients. We intend to continue to invest in research and development to support the new product innovations.
Previous wording
Adoption of the Lapiplasty System
Current wording
Adoption of the Lapiplasty System and other products
Previous wording
The growth of our business depends on our ability to gain broader acceptance of the Lapiplasty System by successfully marketing and distributing the Lapiplasty System and ancillary products. While surgeon adoption of the Lapiplasty Procedure remains critical to supporting procedure growth, hospital and ambulatory surgery center facility approvals are necessary for both existing and future surgeon customers to access our products. To facilitate greater access to our products and support future sales growth, we intend to continue educating hospitals and facility administrators on the differentiated benefits associated with the Lapiplasty System, supported by our robust portfolio of clinical data. If we are unable to successfully continue to commercialize our Lapiplasty System, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability. In the near term, we expect we will continue to operate at a loss, and we anticipate we will finance our operations principally through the use of our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and expected revenues. We may also raise funds by incurring debt and through offerings of our capital stock.
Current wording
The growth of our business depends on our ability to gain broader acceptance of the Lapiplasty System as well as our other existing products and the new systems that we intend to introduce by successfully marketing and distributing these products. While surgeon adoption of the Lapiplasty Procedure and our other products and procedures remains critical to supporting procedure growth, hospital and ambulatory surgery center facility approvals are necessary for both existing and future surgeon customers to access our products. To facilitate greater access to our products and support future sales growth, we intend to continue educating hospitals and facility administrators on the differentiated benefits associated with the Lapiplasty System as well as new systems we plan to introduce, supported by our robust portfolio of clinical data on our existing procedures and additional clinical data we expect to develop on our new products. If we are unable to successfully continue to commercialize our Lapiplasty System and to successfully introduce new products, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability. In the near term, we expect we will continue to operate at a loss, and we anticipate we will finance our operations principally through the use of our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and expected revenues. We may also raise funds by incurring debt and through offerings of our capital stock.
Previous wording
No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We expect our revenue to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we expand our product offerings, sales territories, new accounts and trained physician base and as existing physician customers perform more Lapiplasty and other procedures using our products, though it may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, including seasonality and the macro-economic environment.
Current wording
No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2024. We expect our revenue to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we expand our product offerings, sales territories, new accounts and trained physician base and as existing physician customers perform more Lapiplasty and other procedures using our products, though it may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, including seasonality and the macro-economic environment.
Previous wording
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, sales commissions and share-based compensation, related to selling and marketing functions, surgical instrument expense, physician education programs, training, shipping costs related to sending products to our sales representatives, travel expenses, marketing initiatives including our direct-to-patient outreach program and advertising, market research and analysis and conferences and trade shows. We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our direct sales force and expand our marketing efforts, and as we continue to expand our sales and marketing infrastructure to both drive and support anticipated sales growth, though it may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Current wording
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, sales commissions and share-based compensation, related to selling and marketing functions, surgical instrument expense, physician education programs, training, shipping costs related to sending products to our sales representatives, travel expenses, marketing initiatives including our direct-to-patient outreach program and advertising, market research and analysis and conferences and trade shows. We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to support sales and marketing efforts, though it may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Previous wording
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and share-based compensation, related to finance, information technology, legal and human resource functions, as well as professional services fees (including legal, audit and tax fees), insurance costs, general corporate expenses and allocated facilities-related expenses. We expect general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in the foreseeable future as we support the growth of our organization.
Current wording
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and share-based compensation, related to finance, information technology, legal and human resource functions, as well as professional services fees (including legal, audit and tax fees), insurance costs, general corporate expenses and allocated facilities-related expenses. We have the infrastructure and personnel in place to support the growth of our organization.
Previous wording
Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
Current wording
Comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Previous wording
Revenue. Revenue increased by $8.9 million, or 21.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was driven by a higher volume of procedure kits sold as a result of an expanded surgeon customer base. The remaining revenue growth was primarily a result of a product mix shift that resulted from increased adoption of newer technologies and increased sales of complementary products used in bunion and related midfoot procedures.
Current wording
Revenue. Revenue increased by $2.5 million, or 6.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was driven primarily by a product mix shift that resulted from increased adoption of newer technologies and an increase in our active surgeon base.
Previous wording
Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Cost of goods sold increased by $2.1 million, or 26.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to a $1.7 million increase in direct costs of goods sold resulting from increased sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, gross profit increased by $6.8 million, or 20.0%, as compared to the same period in 2023, due to increased sales. Gross profit margin for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased from 80.9% to 80.2%, as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a product mix shift to newer products, partially offset by lower royalty rates.
Current wording
Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Cost of goods sold increased by $1.1 million, or 14.4%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to a $0.7 million increase in direct costs of goods sold resulting from increased sales and a $0.4 million increase in allocations of payroll and related costs. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, gross profit increased by $1.4 million, or 4.1%, as compared to the same period in 2023, due to increased revenue from a product mix shift. Gross profit margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased from 81.7% to 80.2%, as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a product mix shift to newer products, an increase in allocations of payroll and related costs, and an increase in inventory provisions, partially offset by lower royalty rates.
Previous wording
Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased by $1.8 million, or 54.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in payroll and related costs resulting from increased headcount of research and development personnel, including stock compensation expense, and a $0.2 million increase related to the technological advancements milestone obligation from our acquisition of RPM-3D.
Current wording
Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased by $1.6 million, or 46.3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in payroll and related costs resulting from increased headcount of research and development personnel, including stock compensation expense, and a $0.3 million increase related to the technological advancements milestone obligation from our acquisition of RPM-3D.
Previous wording
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $6.7 million, or 19.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was due to growth in our overall business. Sales and marketing expenses increased due to $4.6 million in higher payroll and related expenses from increased headcount of sales and marketing personnel, including stock compensation expense, an increase of $1.2 million due to higher costs for conferences and events due to an expanding sales force and surgeon base, an increase of $0.6 million due to higher advertising fees for direct to consumer campaigns, and an increase of $0.6 million in surgical instrument expense due to an increase in volume of surgical instruments, partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in clinical-related expenses.
Current wording
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $10.6 million, or 15.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. Sales and marketing expenses increased due to $8.3 million in higher payroll and related expenses primarily from increased headcount of sales and marketing personnel, including stock compensation expense, an increase of $0.9 million in surgical instrument expense due to an increase in volume of surgical instruments, an increase of $0.8 million due to higher costs for conferences and events due to an expanding sales force and surgeon base, and a $0.6 million increase in commissions due to higher sales. Of the $8.3 million increase in payroll and related expenses, $0.9 million was related to a non-recurring restructuring charge that includes severance and other post-employment benefits.
Previous wording
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $3.5 million, or 32.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily related to $3.3 million in higher payroll and related costs, primarily due to higher stock compensation expense, and a $1.1 million increase in compensation expense related to the milestone obligations for our acquisition of RPM-3D, partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in legal fees.
Current wording
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $7.7 million, or 36.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily related to $4.6 million in higher payroll and related costs, primarily due to higher stock compensation expense, a $2.1 million increase in the provision for allowance for credit losses that includes a $2.1 million write-off of receivables due from a customer that filed bankruptcy in the second quarter, a $1.0 million increase in compensation expense related to the milestone obligations for our acquisition of RPM-3D, and a $0.5 million increase in amortization of finite-lived intangible assets from our acquisition of RPM-3D, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in legal fees.
Previous wording
As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $9.3 million and marketable securities of $100.7 million available for sale, an accumulated deficit of $152.9 million and $54.0 million principal outstanding under the term and revolving loans with MidCap. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and available debt borrowings and expected revenues will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements and fund our operations for at least twelve months from the issuance of our condensed financial statements. We may be required or decide to raise additional financing to support further growth of our operations.
Current wording
As of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $18.2 million and marketable securities of $76.9 million available for sale, an accumulated deficit of $174.1 million and $54.0 million principal outstanding under the term and revolving loans with MidCap. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and available debt borrowings and expected revenues will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements and fund our operations for at least twelve months from the issuance of our condensed financial statements. We may be required or decide to raise additional financing to support further growth of our operations.
Previous wording
We use our cash to fund our operations, which primarily include the costs of manufacturing our Lapiplasty, Adductoplasty, and SpeedPlate and other ancillary products, as well as our sales and marketing and R&D expenses and related personnel costs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our direct sales force and expand our marketing efforts, and as we continue to expand our sales and marketing infrastructure to both drive and support anticipated sales growth. We also expect R&D expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to hire personnel and invest in next-generation innovations of our existing products and new products. In addition, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we hire personnel and expand our infrastructure to both drive and support the anticipated growth in our organization. We will continue to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company. In the second quarter of 2023, funds were used for the acquisition of the RPM-3D, and from time to time in the future, we may also consider additional investments in technologies, assets, and businesses to expand or enhance our product offerings. The timing and amount of our operating and capital expenditures will depend on many factors, including:
Current wording
We use our cash, marketable securities, and revenues to fund our operations, which primarily include the costs of manufacturing our Lapiplasty, Adductoplasty, and, SpeedPlate Systems, and other ancillary products, as well as our sales and marketing, R&D, and general and administrative expenses. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase as we continue to support sales and marketing efforts. We also expect R&D expenses to increase as we continue to hire personnel and invest in next-generation innovations of our existing products and new products. The timing and amount of our operating and capital expenditures will depend on many factors, including:
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $7.2 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $18.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $9.9 million and a decrease in net operating assets. The non-cash charges consist primarily of share-based compensation expense of $7.4 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $1.9 million, and non-cash lease expense of $0.6 million. The decrease in net operating assets was primarily due to an increase of $9.3 million in accounts payable primarily due to higher inventory and direct to consumer advertising purchases and a $7.8 million decrease in accounts receivable from higher sales in the fourth quarter of 2023, partially offset by a decrease of $6.9 million in accrued liabilities due to timing of payments, and an increase of $6.6 million in inventories to meet demand for new products.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $21.1 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $39.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $21.3 million and an increase in net operating assets. The non-cash charges consist primarily of share-based compensation expense of $14.1 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $4.0 million, provision for allowance for credit losses of $2.2 million primarily due to a significant customer that filed for bankruptcy, and non-cash lease expense of $1.2 million. The increase in net operating assets was primarily due to an increase of $12.0 million in inventories to meet demand for new products and a decrease of $5.9 million in accrued liabilities due to timing of payments, and a $1.3 million decrease to operating lease liabilities, partially offset by a $10.3 million decrease in accounts receivable from higher sales in the fourth quarter of 2023 and an increase of $6.2 million in accounts payable due to timing of payments.
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $17.3 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $13.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $4.0 million and an increase in net operating assets. The non-cash charges consist primarily of share-based compensation expense of $2.7 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $0.9 million and non-cash lease expense of $0.6 million. The increase in net operating assets was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $7.7 million during the first quarter due to timing of payments, an increase of $3.2 million in inventories for added safety stock to meet demand for new products and to avoid potential supply chain issues and a $1.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, which were partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in accounts receivable from collections of higher sales in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $25.6 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $25.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $9.1 million and an increase in net operating assets. The non-cash charges consist primarily of share-based compensation expense of $6.3 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $2.0 million and non-cash lease expense of $1.3 million. The increase in net operating assets was primarily due to an increase of $6.7 million in inventories for added safety stock to meet demand for new products and to avoid potential supply chain issues, an increase of $1.6 million in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a decrease of $3.7 million in accrued liabilities and accounts payable due to timing of payments, which were partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in accounts receivable from higher sales in the fourth quarter of 2022 and a $1.1 million increase to operating lease liabilities primarily due to timing of lease incentives.
Previous wording
Net cash provided by investing activities was $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, consisting primarily of $36.4 million in sales and maturities of available for sale marketable securities, partially offset by $28.7 million in purchases of available for sale marketable securities and $3.9 million in purchases of property and equipment. The net of marketable securities maturities and purchases of $7.7 million was primarily used to fund our current operations. The purchases in property and equipment included $3.5 million in capitalized surgical instruments for the reusable instrument trays related to new products, and $0.4 million for furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements to support the growth of our business.
Current wording
Net cash provided by investing activities was $26.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, consisting primarily of $60.6 million in sales and maturities of available for sale marketable securities, partially offset by $28.7 million in purchases of available for sale marketable securities and $5.7 million in purchases of property and equipment. The net of marketable securities sales and maturities and purchases of $31.9 million were primarily used to fund our current operations and provide additional liquidity for the third quarter. The purchases in property and equipment included $4.9 million in capitalized surgical instruments for the reusable instrument trays related to new products, and $0.8 million for equipment and leasehold improvements to support the growth of our business.
Previous wording
Net cash used in investing activities was $80.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisting primarily of $99.6 million in purchases of available for sale marketable securities and $1.5 million in purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by $20.5 million in maturities of available for sale marketable securities. The purchases of marketable securities were the result of cash invested from our public offering of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The purchases in property and equipment were $0.6 million in capitalized surgical instruments for our reusable instrument trays and $0.9 for new equipment purchased to support the growth of our business.
Current wording
Net cash used in investing activities was $90.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, consisting primarily of $121.0 million in purchases of marketable securities available for sale, $20.0 million for the acquisition of the RPM-3D assets, and $5.7 million in purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by $55.8 million in sales and maturities of marketable securities available for sale. The purchases of marketable securities were the result of cash invested from our public offering of common stock during the first quarter of 2023. The purchases in property and equipment were $2.1 million in capitalized surgical instruments for our reusable instrument trays and $3.6 million for furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements to continue to complete our new corporate headquarters.
Previous wording
Net cash used in financing activities was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, consisting primarily of $0.2 million of shares repurchased for tax withholding on vested RSUs, partially offset by proceeds from stock option exercises.
Current wording
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, consisting primarily of $0.4 million in proceeds from stock option exercises, partially offset by $0.2 million of shares repurchased for tax withholding on vested RSUs.
Previous wording
Net cash provided in financing activities was $107.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisting primarily of $107.5 million of net cash proceeds from our public offering of common stock and $0.4 million from exercise of stock options.
Current wording
Net cash provided by financing activities was $109.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, consisting primarily of $107.5 million of net cash proceeds from our public offering of common stock and $1.5 million from exercise of stock options.
Previous wording
We recognized royalty expense of $1.7 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate royalty rate was 3.4% and 3.9%, respectively. Each of the royalty agreements with our surgeon consultants prohibits the payment of royalties on products sold to entities and/or individuals with whom any of the surgeon advisors is affiliated.
Current wording
We recognized royalty expense of $1.4 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.2 million and $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate royalty rate was 3.3% and 3.7%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate royalty rate was 3.3% and 3.8%, respectively. Each of the royalty agreements with our surgeon consultants prohibits the payment of royalties on products sold to entities and/or individuals with whom any of the surgeon advisors is affiliated.
Previous wording
We have commitments for future payments related to our new corporate headquarters office located in Ponte Vedra, Florida. We entered into a 10-year lease in February 2022 for our new location which expires in July 2032. Lease payments comprise the base rent plus operating costs which includes taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. We also have commitments for future payments related to our former headquarters which expire in April 2026. We have obtained subleases for this space. The remaining lease obligations are $25.1 million under these leases as of March 31, 2024.
Current wording
We have commitments for future payments related to our corporate headquarters office located in Ponte Vedra, Florida. We entered into a 10-year lease in February 2022 for our headquarters which expires in July 2032. Lease payments comprise the base rent plus operating costs which includes taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. We also have commitments for future payments related to our former headquarters which expire in April 2026. We have obtained subleases for this space. The remaining lease obligations are $24.5 million under these leases as of June 30, 2024.
Previous wording
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Annual Report. There had been no material changes to these accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Current wording
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Annual Report. There had been no material changes to these accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Previous wording
Refer to Note 3, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," of the Notes to Condensed Financial Statements for accounting pronouncements adopted as of this Quarterly Report. There have been no newly issued accounting pronouncements impacting the Company's unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
Current wording
Refer to Note 3, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," of the Notes to Condensed Financial Statements for new accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of this Quarterly Report.
Rearranged current paragraphs (4)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Revenue. Revenue increased by $11.4 million, or 13.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was driven primarily by a product mix shift that resulted from increased adoption of newer technologies and an increase in our active surgeon base.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Cost of goods sold increased by $3.2 million, or 20.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to a $2.3 million increase in direct costs of goods sold resulting from increased sales, a $0.5 million increase in allocations of payroll and related costs, and a $0.3 million increase in inventory provisions. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, gross profit increased by $8.2 million, or 12.0%, as compared to the same period in 2023, due to increased sales. Gross profit margin for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased from 81.3% to 80.2%, as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a product mix shift to newer products, an increase in allocations of payroll and related costs, and an increase in inventory provisions, partially offset by lower royalty rates.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased by $3.5 million, or 50.1%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in payroll and related costs resulting from increased headcount of research and development personnel, including stock compensation expense, and a $0.5 million increase related to the technological advancements milestone obligation from our acquisition of RPM-3D.