Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc

Previous wording

All written and verbal forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We caution investors not to rely too heavily on the forward-looking statements we make or that are made on our behalf. We undertake no obligation, and specifically decline any obligation, to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in any annual, quarterly, or current reports that we may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Current wording

All written and verbal forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We caution investors not to rely on the forward-looking statements we make or that are made on our behalf. We undertake no obligation, and specifically decline any obligation, to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in any annual, quarterly, or current reports that we may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Previous wording

Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc., including its wholly-owned subsidiaries (we, us, or the Company), is a biotechnology company devoted to discovering innovative therapies designed to treat immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. We are developing a novel pharmaceutical platform targeting a class of toxic endogenous small molecules known as RASP (reactive aldehyde species) that are associated with many inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our RASP modulator product pipeline includes ADX-629, a novel orally administered RASP modulator in clinical development for moderate alcohol-associated hepatitis and Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome. Our preclinical RASP platform includes ADX-246, ADX-248, and other drug candidates in development for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The validity of the RASP platform is supported by reproxalap, our first-in-class product candidate in late-stage development for the treatment of dry eye disease. Reproxalap has demonstrated broad-based, rapid-onset activity and consistent safety across a number of Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials. We have additional product candidates in development, including ADX-2191, which is in clinical development for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, a rare retinal disease characterized by inflammation and vision loss. ADX-2191 has received Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. Our development pipeline, as of the date of filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is illustrated below.

Current wording

Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc., including its wholly-owned subsidiaries (we, us, or the Company), is a biotechnology company devoted to discovering innovative therapies designed to treat immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. Our approach is to develop pharmaceuticals that modulate protein systems, instead of directly inhibiting or activating single protein targets, with the goal of optimizing multiple pathways at once while minimizing toxicity. Our late-stage product candidates are reproxalap, a RASP modulator for the potential treatment of dry eye disease and allergic conjunctivitis, and ADX-2191, a novel formulation of intravitreal methotrexate for the potential treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. Our preclinical RASP platform includes ADX-248, ADX-743, ADX-631, and other product candidates in development for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Our development pipeline, as of the date of filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is illustrated below.

Previous wording

As we continue to execute on our strategy of expanding our product candidate pipeline, we may license or acquire new immune-modulating approaches with novel therapeutic potential. In January 2019, we acquired Helio Vision, Inc. (Helio) and thereby obtained rights to ADX-2191.

Current wording

As we continue to execute on our strategy of expanding our product candidate pipeline, we may license or acquire new immune-modulating approaches with novel therapeutic potential. In January 2019, for example, we acquired Helio Vision, Inc. (Helio) and thereby obtained rights to ADX-2191.

Previous wording

We have no products approved for sale in the United States or elsewhere. We will not receive any revenue from sales of our product candidates that we develop until we obtain regulatory approval. We intend to commercialize our products, if approved for sale, directly or through collaborations. Although we may receive commercial and license revenue in the future, we have to date primarily funded our operations through the sale of our common stock, convertible preferred stock, convertible promissory notes, warrants, and borrowings under debt facilities. We will need to raise additional capital in the form of debt or equity or through partnerships to fund additional development of our product candidates, and we may in-license, acquire, or invest in complementary businesses or products. In addition, contingent on capital resources, we may augment, diminish, or otherwise modify the clinical development plan described herein.

Current wording

We have no products approved for sale in the United States or elsewhere. We will not receive any revenue from sales of our product candidates that we develop until we obtain regulatory approval. We intend to commercialize our products, if approved for sale, through collaborations. Although we may receive commercial and license revenue in the future, we have to date primarily funded our operations through the sale of our common stock, convertible preferred stock, convertible promissory notes, warrants, and borrowings under debt facilities. We will need to raise additional capital in the form of debt or equity or through partnerships to fund additional development of our product candidates, and we may in-license, acquire, or invest in complementary businesses or products. In addition, contingent on capital resources, we may augment, diminish, or otherwise modify the clinical development plan described herein.

Previous wording

In March 2021, we entered into an Open Market Sales Agreement SM with Jefferies LLC (Jefferies), as sales agent (2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement), under which we had the ability to offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, shares of common stock providing for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no sales had been made pursuant to the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement and no additional shares of common stock may be sold under the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement as of April 24, 2024.

Current wording

In March 2021, we entered into an Open Market Sales Agreement SM with Jefferies LLC (Jefferies), as sales agent (2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement), under which we had the ability to offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, shares of common stock providing for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million. As of June 30, 2024, no shares of common stock may be sold under the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement, and no sales had previously been made pursuant to the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement.

Previous wording

On January 28, 2019, we acquired Helio. As a result of the acquisition, we have issued an aggregate of 1,407,006 shares of common stock to the former securityholders and an advisor of Helio. Subject to the conditions of the acquisition agreement, we are contingently obligated to make additional payments to the former securityholders of Helio as follows: (a) $10.0 million of common stock following approval by the FDA of an NDA for the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label prior to the 10 th anniversary of the closing date; and (b) $2.5 million of common stock following FDA approval of an NDA for an indication (other than proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label) prior to the 12 th anniversary of the closing date, provided that in no event shall we be obligated to issue more than 5,248,885 shares of common stock in the aggregate in connection with the acquisition. Additionally, in the event of certain change of control or divestitures by us, certain former convertible noteholders of Helio will be entitled to a tax gross-up payment in an amount not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate.

Current wording

On January 28, 2019, we acquired Helio and thereby acquired rights to ADX-2191 pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 24, 2019 (the Merger Agreement). As a result of the acquisition, we have issued an aggregate of 1,407,006 shares of common stock to the former securityholders and an advisor of Helio. Subject to the conditions of the acquisition agreement, we are contingently obligated to make additional payments to the former securityholders of Helio as follows: (a) $10.0 million of common stock following approval by the FDA of an NDA for the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label prior to the 10 th anniversary of the closing date; and (b) $2.5 million of common stock following FDA approval of an NDA for an indication (other than proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label) prior to the 12 th anniversary of the closing date, provided that in no event shall we be obligated to issue more than 5,248,885 shares of common stock in the aggregate in connection with the acquisition. If we cease to use commercially reasonably efforts to develop and obtain regulatory approval for ADX-2191, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, ADX-2191 and related intellectual property rights may revert back to an entity designated by the representative of the former Helio stockholders. Additionally, in the event of certain change of control or divestitures by us, certain former convertible noteholders of Helio will be entitled to a tax gross-up payment in an amount not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate.

Previous wording

To date, substantially all of our research and development expenses have been incurred in connection with reproxalap and ADX-2191, as well as the proof of concept trials with ADX-629. We expect our research and development expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we advance ADX-246, ADX-248 and other compounds through preclinical and clinical development. The process of conducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of our product candidates. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success, and development costs can differ materially from expectations. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our product candidates. The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:

Current wording

To date, substantially all of our research and development expenses have been incurred in connection with reproxalap and ADX-2191, as well as the proof of concept trials with ADX-629. We expect our research and development expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we advance ADX-248, ADX-743, ADX-631, and other compounds through preclinical and clinical development. The process of conducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of our product candidates. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success, and development costs can differ materially from expectations. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our product candidates. The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of employee-related expenses, including benefits and stock-based compensation for our full-time employees. Other general and administrative expenses include insurance premiums, consulting including pre-commercial costs, and professional fees for auditing, tax, investor relations, and legal services, including patent-related costs. We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we expand our operating activities, continue to incur additional costs associated with being a publicly-traded company, and maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements. These increases will likely include higher consulting costs, fees for commercializing our product candidates, legal fees, accounting fees, insurance premiums, and fees associated with investor relations.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of employee-related expenses, including benefits and stock-based compensation for our full-time employees. Other general and administrative expenses include insurance premiums, consulting including pre-commercial costs, and professional fees for auditing, tax, investor relations, and legal services, including patent-related costs. We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we expand our operating activities and continue to incur additional costs associated with being a publicly-traded company, including costs associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements. Increases in general and administrative expenses will likely include higher consulting costs, fees for commercializing our product candidates, legal fees, accounting fees, insurance premiums, and fees associated with investor relations.

Previous wording

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and/or circumstances from non-owner sources. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss of $8.1 million and our net unrealized loss on marketable securities of $3.0 thousand. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss of $15.6 million and $0.1 million of losses on marketable securities reclassified to net loss.

Current wording

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and/or circumstances from non-owner sources. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss of $24.9 million and our net unrealized loss on marketable securities of $9.7 thousand. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss of $24.6 million and $0.1 million of losses on marketable securities reclassified to net loss.

Previous wording

There were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2023 Annual Report. It is important that the discussion of our operating results that follow be read in conjunction with the critical accounting policies disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.

Current wording

There were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2023 Annual Report. It is important that the discussion of our operating results that follow be read in conjunction with the critical accounting policies disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses were $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $5.0 million was primarily related to a decrease in external clinical development costs, personnel costs, and consulting expenditures.

Current wording

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses were $15.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase of $8.0 million was primarily related to an increase in external clinical development costs and drug product manufacturing costs.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $2.4 million was primarily related to lower personnel costs, consulting expenditures, and legal costs.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease of $0.4 million was primarily related to lower personnel costs, consulting expenditures, and legal costs.

Previous wording

Other income (expense). Total other income (expense), net, was $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in net other income of $0.1 million was due to higher interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Current wording

Other income (expense). Total other income (expense), net, was $1.2 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in net other income of $0.2 million was due to lower interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Previous wording

We have funded our operations primarily from the sale of equity securities and convertible equity securities and borrowings under credit facilities. Since inception, we have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities and have devoted substantially all our efforts to research and development. At March 31, 2024, we had total stockholders’ equity of approximately $113.4 million , and cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $133.0 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we had a net loss of approximately $8.1 million. We expect to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future.

Current wording

We have funded our operations primarily from the sale of equity securities and convertible equity securities and borrowings under credit facilities. Since inception, we have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities and have devoted substantially all our efforts to research and development. At June 30, 2024, we had total stockholders’ equity of approximately $98.3 million, and cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $120.3 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had a net loss of approximately $24.9 million. We expect to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future.

Previous wording

In March 2021, we entered into the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement under which we had the ability to offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, shares of common stock providing for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no sales had been made pursuant to the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement and no additional shares of common stock may be sold under the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement as of April 24, 2024.

Current wording

In March 2021, we entered into the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement under which we had the ability to offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, shares of common stock providing for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million. As of June 30, 2024, no shares of common stock may be sold under the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement, and no sales had previously been made pursuant to the 2021 Jefferies Sales Agreement.

Previous wording

In March 2019, we entered into the Hercules Credit Facility (the Loan and Security Agreement), pursuant to which a term loan of up to an aggregate principal amount of $60.0 million may be made available to us. The Loan and Security Agreement provides for (i) an initial term loan advance of up to $5.0 million at our option, which expired unutilized on April 15, 2019; (ii) three additional term loan advances of up to $15.0 million each, at our option, available to us upon the occurrence of certain funding conditions prior to September 30, 2019 (2019 Tranche), March 31, 2020 (2020 Tranche), and March 31, 2021 (2021 Tranche); and (iii) a final additional term loan advance (Fourth Loan Tranche) of up to $10.0 million prior to December 31, 2021, at our option, subject to approval by Lender’s investment committee. We drew down the 2019 Tranche in full in September 2019 and the 2020 Tranche and the 2021 Tranche expired unutilized prior to us satisfying the funding conditions for such tranche. On April 20, 2021, we entered into the First Amendment (First Amendment) to Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules. The First Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the Fourth Loan Tranche from $10.0 million to $20.0 million and extended the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to July 1, 2022; (ii) lowered the variable per annum rate of interest on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement to the greater of (a) the Prime Rate plus 3.10% or (b) 8.60%; (iii) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are required from May 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022; and (iv) following the satisfaction of certain conditions, which conditions were satisfied in April 2021, further extended the expiration of the interest-only period and the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to May 1, 2023. On December 22, 2022, we entered into the Second Amendment (Second Amendment) to the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules, which became effective as of December 31, 2022 (Second Amendment Effective Date). The Second Amendment, among other things, (i) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are made from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; (ii) extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2023 to October 1, 2024 (Maturity Date); (iii) extended the availability of the Fourth Loan Tranche commitment of $20 million from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; and (iv) amended the Prepayment Charge (as defined therein) to equal 0.75% of the amount prepaid during the 12-month period following the Second Amendment Effective Date, and 0% thereafter. The ability to draw the Fourth Loan Tranche remains conditioned on approval by the Lenders’ investment committee. In addition, a supplemental end of term charge of $292,500 (Supplemental End of Term Charge) shall be due on the earlier of (A) the Maturity Date, as amended, or (B) rep…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

In March 2019, we entered into the Hercules Credit Facility (the Loan and Security Agreement), pursuant to which a term loan of up to an aggregate principal amount of $60.0 million may be made available to us. The Loan and Security Agreement provides for (i) an initial term loan advance of up to $5.0 million at our option, which expired unutilized on April 15, 2019; (ii) three additional term loan advances of up to $15.0 million each, at our option, available to us upon the occurrence of certain funding conditions prior to September 30, 2019 (2019 Tranche), March 31, 2020 (2020 Tranche), and March 31, 2021 (2021 Tranche); and (iii) a final additional term loan advance (Fourth Loan Tranche) of up to $10.0 million prior to December 31, 2021, at our option, subject to approval by Lender’s investment committee. We drew down the 2019 Tranche in full in September 2019 and the 2020 Tranche and the 2021 Tranche expired unutilized prior to us satisfying the funding conditions for such tranche. On April 20, 2021, we entered into the First Amendment (First Amendment) to Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules. The First Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the Fourth Loan Tranche from $10.0 million to $20.0 million and extended the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to July 1, 2022; (ii) lowered the variable per annum rate of interest on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement to the greater of (a) the Prime Rate plus 3.10% or (b) 8.60%; (iii) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are required from May 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022; and (iv) following the satisfaction of certain conditions, which conditions were satisfied in April 2021, further extended the expiration of the interest-only period and the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to May 1, 2023. On December 22, 2022, we entered into the Second Amendment (Second Amendment) to the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules, which became effective as of December 31, 2022 (Second Amendment Effective Date). The Second Amendment, among other things, (i) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are made from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; (ii) extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2023 to October 1, 2024 (Maturity Date); (iii) extended the availability of the Fourth Loan Tranche commitment of $20 million, which remained conditioned on approval by the Lenders’ investment committee, from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; and (iv) amended the Prepayment Charge (as defined therein) to equal 0.75% of the amount prepaid during the 12-month period following the Second Amendment Effective Date, and 0% thereafter. In addition, a supplemental end of term charge of $292,500 (Supplemental End of Term Charge) shall be due on the earlier of (A) the Maturity Date, as amended, or (B) repayment of the aggregate amount of ad…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

The Loan and Security Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. Affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring us to maintain our legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, and maintain insurance coverage. Negative covenants include, among others: restrictions on transferring any part of our business or intellectual property; incurring additional indebtedness; engaging in mergers or acquisitions; paying dividends or making other distributions; making investments; and creating other liens on our assets, in each case subject to customary exceptions. As of March 31, 2024, $15.0 million was outstanding under the Hercules Credit Facility.

Current wording

The Loan and Security Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. Affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring us to maintain our legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, and maintain insurance coverage. Negative covenants include, among others: restrictions on transferring any part of our business or intellectual property; incurring additional indebtedness; engaging in mergers or acquisitions; paying dividends or making other distributions; making investments; and creating other liens on our assets, in each case subject to customary exceptions. As of June 30, 2024, $15.0 million was outstanding under the Hercules Credit Facility and no amounts remained available for borrowing.

Previous wording

Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024, will be sufficient to fund our currently projected operating expenses and debt obligations beyond the end of 2026, including continued early and late-stage development of our product candidates in immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. We base our projections of operating capital requirements on our current operating plan, which includes several assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development, and commercialization (as applicable) of product candidates, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. We will need to secure additional funding in the future, from one or more equity or debt financings, collaborations, or other sources in order to carry out all of our planned research and development activities and regulatory activities; commence or continue ongoing commercialization, including manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution for our product candidates; or conduct any substantial additional development requirements requested by the FDA. At this time, due to the risks inherent in the drug development process, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued clinical development of reproxalap, and our other product candidates. Subsequent trials initiated at a later date will cost considerably more, depending on the results of our prior clinical trials, and feedback from the FDA or other third parties. Accordingly, we will continue to require substantial additional capital to continue our clinical development and potential commercialization activities. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

Current wording

Based on our current operating plan and excluding any potential licensing and product revenue, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2024, will be sufficient to fund our currently projected operating expenses and debt obligations through 2026, including continued early and late-stage development of our product candidates. We base our projections of operating capital requirements on our current operating plan, which includes several assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development, and commercialization (as applicable) of product candidates, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. We will need to secure additional funding in the future, from one or more equity or debt financings, collaborations, or other sources in order to carry out all of our planned research and development activities and regulatory activities; commence or continue ongoing commercialization, including manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution for our product candidates; or conduct any substantial additional development requirements requested by the FDA. At this time, due to the risks inherent in the drug development process, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued clinical development of reproxalap, and our other product candidates. Subsequent trials initiated at a later date will cost considerably more, depending on the results of our prior clinical trials, and feedback from the FDA or other third parties. Accordingly, we will continue to require substantial additional capital to continue our clinical development and potential commercialization activities. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

Previous wording

We may need or desire to obtain additional capital to finance our operations through debt, equity, or alternative financing arrangements. We may also seek capital through collaborations or partnerships with other companies. The issuance of debt could require us to grant additional liens on certain of our assets that may limit our flexibility. If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, the terms and prices for these financings may be much more favorable to the new investors than the terms obtained by our existing stockholders. These financings also may significantly dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders. We are in a period of economic uncertainty, inflation, and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, geopolitical instability due to, among other things, the continued hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and Hamas' attack against Israel and the ensuing conflict. In addition, the disruption in the capital markets could make any financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our future activities, which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. There can be no assurance that any additional financing required in the future will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Current wording

We may need or desire to obtain additional capital to finance our operations through debt, equity, or alternative financing arrangements. We may also seek capital through collaborations or partnerships with other companies. The issuance of debt could require us to grant additional liens on certain of our assets that may limit our flexibility. If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, the terms and prices for these financings may be much more favorable to the new investors than the terms obtained by our existing stockholders. These financings also may significantly dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders. We are in a period of economic uncertainty, inflation, and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, including geopolitical instability due to, among other things, the continued hostilities in Ukraine and Israel and the surrounding areas. In addition, the disruption in the capital markets could make any financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our future activities, which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. There can be no assurance that any additional financing required in the future will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Previous wording

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Current wording

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Previous wording

Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $9.4 million for the same period in 2023. The primary use of cash was to fund our operations. The increase in the amount of cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to 2023 was principally due to a decrease in net loss, primarily from research and development activities; changes in accrued expenses, due to the amount and timing of payments for research and development activities; and changes in prepayments, due to timing of payment and collection of a receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

Current wording

Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $23.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $22.8 million for the same period in 2023. The primary use of cash was to fund our operations. The increase in the amount of cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to 2023 was principally due to an increase in net loss, primarily from research and development activities; changes in accrued expenses, due to the amount and timing of payments for research and development activities; and changes in prepayments, due to timing of payment and collection of a receivable; in addition to a decrease in stock compensation for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

Previous wording

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $30.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $30.0 million provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities related to purchases of marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Net cash provided by investing activities related to maturities of marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Current wording

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $48.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and $30.0 million provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities related to purchases of marketable securities for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net cash provided by investing activities related to maturities of marketable securities for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Previous wording

Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.2 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $52.6 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of stock purchases under the employee stock purchase plan.

Current wording

Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.2 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $57.9 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted of stock purchases under the employee stock purchase plan.