PJT Partners Inc
For the period ended Dec 31, 2023. Filed Feb 28, 2024.
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FY2023 · Filed Feb 28, 2024
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data, Except Where Noted)
ORGANIZATION
PJT Partners Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company” or “PJT Partners”) offer a unique portfolio of advisory and placement services designed to help clients achieve their strategic objectives.
On October 1, 2015, Blackstone Inc. (“Blackstone” or the “former Parent”) distributed on a pro rata basis to its common unitholders all of the issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock of PJT Partners Inc. held by it. This pro rata distribution is referred to as the “Distribution.” The separation of the PJT Partners business from Blackstone and related transactions, including the Distribution, the internal reorganization that preceded the Distribution and the acquisition by PJT Partners of PJT Capital LP (together with its general partner and their respective subsidiaries, “PJT Capital”) that occurred substantially concurrently with the Distribution, is referred to as the “spin-off.”
As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries. The Company operates through the following subsidiaries: PJT Partners LP, PJT Partners (UK) Limited, PJT Partners (HK) Limited, PJT Partners Park Hill (Spain) A.V., S.A.U., PJT Partners (Germany) GmbH, PJT Partners (France) SAS and PJT Partners Japan K.K.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The Company prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).
Intercompany transactions have been eliminated for all periods presented.
Certain balances on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to their current presentation. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, this resulted in a reclassification of $5.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively, from Other Expenses to Travel and Related. This reclassification had no impact on net income or Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates regarding the recognition of revenue, adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, assumptions used in the provision for income taxes, measurement of equity-based compensation and other matters that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company provides a range of strategic advisory, shareholder advisory, capital markets advisory, and restructuring and special situations services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, the Company may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Private capital solutions services include providing General Partner solutions and investing solutions to clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. The Company’s fund placement services primarily serve a diverse range of investment strategies, including private equity, alternative credit/hedge funds, and real estate. The Company advises on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation including partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. The Company also provides public and private placement fundraising services to corporate clients.
At contract inception, the Company assesses the services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, the Company allocates the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
The Company’s primary performance obligation with respect to advisory and placement services is to stand ready to perform a broad range of services the client may need over the course of the engagement. Fees related to these performance obligations are recognized over time using a time-based measure of progress.
The Company may also be engaged to provide a fairness opinion to the client, amend contract terms, provide underwriting services or arrange interim financing. The Company has determined that the delivery of these services represents a separate performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time when each is completed and delivered to the client as the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the service at that point.
With respect to the transaction price, the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled is predominantly variable as the consideration is susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence and/or contain a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts. As such, these amounts are excluded from the transaction price until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved and the Company has determined it is probable that there is not a significant risk of a revenue reversal in the future. With respect to contracts to provide advisory services, fees may vary in each engagement, but payments are generally due promptly upon completion of a specified event or, for retainer fees, periodically over the course of the engagement. With respect to contracts to provide placement services, fees are generally payable upon completion of a fund closing or may be paid in installments over three orfour years with interest being charged to the outstanding balance. With respect to such fees paid over time, the Company has determined there is not a significant financing component related to such contracts. Fees earned for placement services to corporate clients are typically payable upon completion.
Additionally, the Company is typically reimbursed for certain professional fees and other expenses incurred that are necessary in order to provide services to the customer. These expenses are recorded in the relevant expense caption in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when incurred and recognized as revenue and recorded in Accounts Receivable, Net when these amounts are invoiced to the customer. Such revenue amounts are recorded in Interest Income and Other in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Determining the Timing of Satisfaction of Performance Obligations
For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. The Company has determined that the methods described above provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of services to the customer.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, the Company has determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point the Company has a present right to payment, the Company has transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has an unconditional right to payment.
The Company may receive non-refundable up-front fees in its contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided. Additionally, the Company may receive payment of certain announcement, retainer or milestone fees before the performance obligation has been fully satisfied. Such fees give rise to a contract liability and are recorded as Deferred Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company does not establish a provision for refunds or similar obligations. Additionally, the Company is the principal in the satisfaction of performance obligations.
To obtain a contract with a customer, the Company may incur incremental costs. The Company has determined that these costs would have been incurred regardless of whether the contract with the customer was obtained. Additionally, the Company does not expect to recover any of these costs from the customer; therefore, the costs of obtaining contracts with customers are expensed as incurred.
Costs to fulfill contracts consist of out-of-pocket expenses that are part of performing services and are generally expensed as incurred, except for performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time. For contracts with customers where a performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, out-of-pocket expenses, where material, are capitalized and subsequently expensed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations upon satisfaction of the performance obligation.
Interest Income and Other – Interest Income and Other represents interest typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding placement fees receivable; foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; sublease income; and the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients related to out-of-pocket expenses. Interest on placement fees receivable is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is calculated as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty. Interest receivable is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of financial instruments, including accounts receivable, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, taxes payable and other liabilities approximates their fair value. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and investments are reported at fair value.
GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date.
Level II – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies.
Level III – Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Inmaking an assessment of the fair value hierarchy classification of investments in Treasury securities, the Company considers the amount of trading activity, observability of pricing inputs as well as whether the securities are of the most recent issuance of that security with the same maturity (referred to as “on-the-run,” which is the most liquid version of the maturity band). These securities are recorded at fair value using broker quotes, reflecting inputs from auction yields. The financial instruments described above are classified as either Level I or Level II in the fair value hierarchy.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Cash and Cash Equivalents include short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Cash and Cash Equivalents are maintained in U.S. and non-U.S. bank accounts and are held at six financial institutions. Also included in Cash and Cash Equivalents are amounts held in bank accounts that are subject to advance notification to withdraw, which totaled $9.2 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased are classified as Investments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Net includes receivables related to services provided in contracts with customers. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables that relate to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period ofthree tofour years. The Company generally charges interest on long-term receivables as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty.
Additional disclosures regarding accounts receivable are discussed in Note 4. “Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses.”
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience, including write-offs and recoveries that have occurred during the period, provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses.
The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist in the Company’s accounts receivable. The Company has classified its accounts receivable into short-term and long-term receivables, both of which relate to revenues from contracts with customers, in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Short-term receivables generally have payment terms less thanone year and share similar historical credit loss patterns including write-offs and recoveries. These receivables arise from the Company’s performance obligation of standing ready to perform. Long-term receivables are generally paid in installments over a period ofthree tofour years. These receivables share similar historical credit loss patterns including write-offs and recoveries, and arise from the Company’s performance obligation of providing corporate and fund placement services.
The Company measures the allowance for credit losses using the loss-rate method by multiplying the historical loss rate by the asset’s amortized cost (including accrued interest) at the balance sheet date. The historical loss rate is derived from the Company’s historical loss experience over the prior three year period.
The Company reduces both the gross receivable and the allowance for credit losses in the period in which the receivable(s) are deemed uncollectible. The Company considers a receivable to be uncollectible at the point when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. A recovery may occur if cash is received after a receivable balance has been written off. Such recovery would be recorded as an increase to the allowance at the time of the recovery.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill recorded arose from the contribution and reorganization of Blackstone’s predecessor entities in 2007 immediately prior to Blackstone’s initial public offering (“IPO”), the acquisition of PJT Capital LP that occurred on October 1, 2015 and the acquisition of CamberView Partners Holdings, LLC (“CamberView”) that occurred on October 1, 2018. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually utilizing a qualitative or quantitative approach and more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is a component of an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available that is regularly reviewed by management. The impairment testing for goodwill under the qualitative approach is based first on a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its respective carrying value. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value or when the quantitative approach is used, a quantitative assessment is performed to (a) calculate the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to its carrying value, and (b) if the carrying value exceeds its fair value, to measure an impairment loss.
The Company’s intangible assets are derived from (a) customer relationships that were established as part of Blackstone’s IPO and the acquisition of CamberView, and (b) the value of the trade name as part of the acquisitions of PJT Capital LP and CamberView. Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on astraight-line basis over their estimated useful lives offour tofifteen years, reflecting the average time over which such intangible assets are expected to contribute to cash flows. Amortization expense is included in Depreciation and Amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company does not hold any indefinite-lived intangible assets. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net consist primarily of leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and office equipment, and are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using thestraight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful economic lives, which for leasehold improvements are the lesser of the lease terms or the life of the asset, generallyten tofifteen years, andfive toseven years for other fixed assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Depreciation and amortization are included in Depreciation and Amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases
The Company determines at inception if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease.
The Company leases office space under non-cancelable lease agreements, which expire atvarious dates through 2041. The lease arrangements for office space typically contain payments to the lessor for common area maintenance charges and reimbursement for certain other costs that are not fixed. The Company accounts for these costs as variable lease costs and does not include them in the lease component.
Right-of-Use Assets (“ROU assets”) represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements generally do not provide an implicit rate, so the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate considering the collateral, term and the economic environment of the lease arrangement with reference to the Company’s loan agreement. Certain leases may include options to extend or terminate and the Company reflects such renewal or termination option in the lease term when it is reasonably certain to exercise the option.
The Company records ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases in Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets and Operating Lease Liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company does not record ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lease expense for such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis.
Foreign Currency
Inthe normal course of business, the Company may enter into transactions not denominated in U.S. dollars. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising on such transactions are recorded in Interest Income and Other in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the Company consolidates a number of businesses that have a non-U.S. dollar functional currency. Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date and income, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the prevailing monthly average exchange rate on the dates they were recorded. Cumulative translation adjustments arising from the translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated operations are recorded in Other Comprehensive Income.
Non-Controlling Interests are presented separately from Equity in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Repurchases of Common Stock
Shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The Company may structure such repurchases as either a purchase of treasury stock or a retirement of shares. The Company records its purchases of treasury stock at cost as a separate component of Equity. The Company may re-issue treasury stock, at average cost.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Compensation costs relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately. Restricted cash awards are expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Certain awards are expensed over the expected service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date.
In certain instances, the Company may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award and, for some awards, in the requisite service period based on a derived service period. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed. If the market condition is satisfied after the service condition but before the derived service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated.
At the Company’s discretion, the Company may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company assesses the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, records a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Income Taxes
PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. The Company’s businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities have generally been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. corporate federal, state and local income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the holding partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
Current tax liabilities are recorded in Taxes Payable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred tax assets and liabilities. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when the Company believes that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process: (a) a determination is made whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and (b) those tax positions that meet the recognition threshold described in the first step are recorded based on the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority.
The effects of tax adjustments and settlements with taxing authorities are presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period to which they relate as if the Company were a separate tax filer in those years.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as applicable.
Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in Taxes Payable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, as applicable.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Pillar Two Model Rules ("Pillar Two") set forth for a global 15% minimum tax on the income arising in each jurisdiction in which the Company operates. Many such jurisdictions have implemented or are in the process of implementing Pillar Two and it is expected to be applicable for annual periods beginning on or after December 31, 2023. The Company is currently assessing the impact that Pillar Two will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement
Holders of common units of partnership interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP (“Partnership Units”) (other than PJT Partners Inc.) may, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP, on a quarterly basis (subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, as amended), exchange their Partnership Units for cash or, at the Company’s election, for shares of Class A common stock of PJT Partners Inc. on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for splits, unit distributions and reclassifications. PJT Partners Holdings LP has made an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code effective for each taxable year in which an exchange of Partnership Units for cash or for shares of Class A common stock occurs, which is expected to result in increases to the tax basis of the assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP at the time of an exchange of Partnership Units. Stock-settled exchanges and certain of these cash-settled exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amount of tax that PJT Partners Inc. would otherwise be required to pay in the future. These increases in tax basis may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.
The Company has entered into a tax receivable agreement with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) that provides for the payment by PJT Partners Inc. to exchanging holders of Partnership Units of 85% of the benefits, if any, that PJT Partners Inc. is deemed to realize as a result of the increases in tax basis related to such exchanges of Partnership Units and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. This payment obligation is an obligation of PJT Partners Inc. and not of PJT Partners Holdings LP. PJT Partners Inc. expects to benefit from the remaining 15% of cash tax savings, if any, in income tax it realizes.
For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, the cash tax savings in income tax is computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of PJT Partners Inc. (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that PJT Partners Inc. would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP as a result of the exchanges and had PJT Partners Inc. not entered into the tax receivable agreement. The term of the tax receivable agreement continues until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unless PJT Partners Inc. exercises its right to terminate the tax receivable agreement for an amount based on the agreed payments remaining to be made under the agreement or PJT Partners Inc. breaches any of its material obligations under the tax receivable agreement in which case all obligations generally will be accelerated and due as if PJT Partners Inc. had exercised its right to terminate the tax receivable agreement.
The Company accounts for the effects of these increases in tax basis and associated payments under the tax receivable agreement arising from exchanges as follows:
the Company records an increase in deferred tax assets for the estimated income tax effects of the increases in tax basis based on enacted federal, state and local tax rates at the date of the exchange;
to the extent the Company estimates that it will not realize the full benefit represented by the deferred tax asset, based on an analysis that will consider, among other things, the Company’s expectation of future earnings, the Company reduces the deferred tax asset with a valuation allowance; and
the Company records 85% of the estimated realizable tax benefit (which is the recorded deferred tax asset less any recorded valuation allowance) as an increase to the Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement and the remaining 15% of the estimated realizable tax benefit as an increase to Additional Paid-In Capital.
The effects of changes in estimates after the date of the redemption or exchange as well as subsequent changes in the enacted tax rates are included in net income.
Net Income Per Share of Class A Common Stock
Basic Net Income Per Share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding; vested, undelivered restricted stock units (“RSUs”); and unvested RSUs that have met requisite service requirements.
Diluted Net Income Per Share is computed using the number of shares of Class A common stock included in the Basic Net Income Per Share calculation, and if dilutive, the incremental common stock that the Company would issue upon the assumed vesting of RSUs using the treasury stock method and the assumed conversion of Partnership Units using the if-converted method.
Contingencies and Litigation
The Company records loss contingencies if (a) information available prior to issuance of the consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and (b) the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If one or both criteria for accrual are not met, but there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss will occur, the Company does not record an accrual for a loss contingency but describes the contingency and provides detail, when possible, of the estimated potential loss or range of loss. If an estimate cannot be made, a statement to that effect is made. Costs incurred with defending matters are expensed as incurred.
Recent Accounting Developments
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance on improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The guidance primarily requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance to improve its income tax disclosure requirements. The guidance enhances existing income tax disclosures related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.
REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
The following table provides a disaggregation of revenues recognized from contracts with customers for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Advisory Fees | $1,026,646 | $823,496 | $762,723 |
| Placement Fees | 102,611 | 192,890 | 216,692 |
| Interest Income from Placement Fees and Other | 17,019 | 10,173 | 7,001 |
| Revenues from Contracts with Customers | $1,146,276 | $1,026,559 | $986,416 |
Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance
As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations yet to be satisfied was$55.6 million andthe Company generally expects to recognize this revenue within the next twelve months. Such amounts relate to the Company’s performance obligations of providing advisory and placement services.
The Company recognized revenue of$22.6 million, $57.8 million and $15.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to performance obligations that were fully satisfied in prior periods, primarily due to constraints on variable consideration in prior periods being resolved. Such amounts related primarily to the provision of corporate and fund placement services. The majority of Fee Revenue recognized by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was predominantly related to performance obligations that were partially satisfied in prior periods.
Contract Balances
There were no significant impairments related to contract balances during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,$12.6 million and $11.5 million, respectively, of revenue was recognized that was included in the beginning balance of Deferred Revenue, primarily related to the Company’s performance obligation of standing ready to perform. In certain contracts, the Company receives customer expense advances, which are also considered to be contract liabilities. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded$2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively, in Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition primarily related to expense advances.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Changes in the allowance for credit losses consist of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Beginning Balance | $1,945 | $1,853 | $1,330 |
| Provision for Credit Losses | 4,889 | 2,817 | 2,869 |
| Write-offs | (4,443) | (2,725) | (2,742) |
| Recoveries | — | — | 396 |
| Ending Balance | $2,391 | $1,945 | $1,853 |
Included in Accounts Receivable, Net is accrued interest of$3.4 million and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to placement fees.
Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of$84.4 million and $133.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period ofthree tofour years.
The Company does not have any long-term receivables on non-accrual status. Of receivables that originated as long-term, there were$1.3 million and $6.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were outstanding more than 90 days. The Company’s allowance for credit losses with respect to long-term receivables was$0.6 million and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s assessment didnot result in any impairment of goodwill.
Intangible Assets, Net consists of the following:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets | ||
| Customer Relationships | $61,276 | $61,276 |
| Trade Name | 9,800 | 9,800 |
| Total Intangible Assets | 71,076 | 71,076 |
| Accumulated Amortization | ||
| Customer Relationships | (49,314) | (44,964) |
| Trade Name | (8,802) | (8,232) |
| Total Accumulated Amortization | (58,116) | (53,196) |
| Intangible Assets, Net | $12,960 | $17,880 |
Changes in the Company’s Intangible Assets, Net consist of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Balance, Beginning of Year | $17,880 | $24,386 | $32,030 |
| Amortization Expense | (4,920) | (6,506) | (7,644) |
| Balance, End of Year | $12,960 | $17,880 | $24,386 |
Amortization of Intangible Assets held at December 31, 2023 is expected to be$4.9 million,$4.8 million and$3.3 million for the years ending December 31, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively.
FURNITURE, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net consists of the following:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Leasehold Improvements | $56,456 | $54,555 |
| Furniture and Fixtures | 17,027 | 18,811 |
| Office Equipment | 6,467 | 5,533 |
| Total Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements | 79,950 | 78,899 |
| Accumulated Depreciation | (54,049) | (48,206) |
| Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net | $25,901 | $30,693 |
Depreciation expense was$9.1 million,$9.0 million and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following tables summarize the valuation of the Company’s investments by the fair value hierarchy:
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury Securities | $— | $183,514 | $— | $183,514 |
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |
| Treasury Securities | $— | $50,242 | $— | $50,242 |
Investments in Treasury securities were included in both Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments at December 31, 2023 and in Investments at December 31, 2022 in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
INCOME TAXES
The Company’s pretax income is associated with activities in domestic and international jurisdictions, as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | |||
| Domestic | $181,815 | $237,635 | $235,453 |
| International | (4,206) | (36,164) | (16,004) |
| Total | $177,609 | $201,471 | $219,449 |
The Provision for Income Taxes consists of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Current | |||
| Federal Income Tax | $22,907 | $22,492 | $13,673 |
| State and Local Income Tax | 7,478 | 10,664 | 6,096 |
| Foreign Income Tax | 3,471 | 1,759 | 2,629 |
| 33,856 | 34,915 | 22,398 | |
| Deferred | |||
| Federal Income Tax | (3,550) | 534 | 6,742 |
| State and Local Income Tax | 1,599 | 1,151 | 345 |
| Foreign Income Tax | 22 | 99 | 9 |
| (1,929) | 1,784 | 7,096 | |
| Provision for Taxes | $31,927 | $36,699 | $29,494 |
The following table summarizes the Company’s tax position:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | $177,609 | $201,471 | $219,449 |
| Provision for Taxes | $31,927 | $36,699 | $29,494 |
| Effective Income Tax Rate | 18.0% | 18.2% | 13.4% |
The following table reconciles the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the effective income tax rate:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Expected Income Tax Expense at the Federal Statutory Rate | 21.0% | 21.0% | 21.0% |
| Permanent Differences for Compensation | -0.4% | -0.8% | -2.2% |
| Income Not Subject to U.S. Corporate Income Taxes | -8.4% | -8.3% | -8.7% |
| Foreign Income Taxes | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.2% |
| State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Benefit | 3.5% | 3.9% | 2.5% |
| Return to Provision | 0.0% | 0.8% | -0.1% |
| Rate Change Impact | 0.8% | 0.3% | -0.5% |
| Other | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.2% |
| Effective Income Tax Rate | 18.0% | 18.2% | 13.4% |
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences that may exist between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A summary of the tax effects of the temporary differences is as follows:
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Deferred Tax Assets | ||
| Operating Lease Liabilities | $43,835 | $16,459 |
| Tax Basis Step-Up from Blackstone | 7,515 | 11,252 |
| Deferred Compensation | 33,573 | 24,835 |
| Partner Exchange Basis Step-Up | 36,740 | 38,966 |
| Other | 4,769 | 2,427 |
| Total Deferred Tax Assets | $126,432 | $93,939 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | ||
| Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets | $42,110 | $14,398 |
| Intangible Assets | 2,674 | 2,071 |
| Fixed Assets | 303 | 857 |
| Other | 8,885 | 7,441 |
| Total Deferred Tax Liabilities | 53,972 | 24,767 |
| Deferred Tax Asset, Net | $72,460 | $69,172 |
The realization of deferred tax assets arising from timing differences and net operating losses requires taxable income in future years in order to deduct the reversing timing differences and absorb the net operating losses. The Company assesses positive and negative evidence in determining whether to record a valuation allowance with respect to deferred tax assets. This assessment is performed separately for each taxing jurisdiction.
The Company considered its cumulative taxable income earned in recent periods and projections of future taxable income based on the growth trajectory of its business as positive evidence in evaluating its ability to utilize the deferred tax assets. The Company’s projections of future taxable income currently indicate that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.
The Company does not believe that it meets the indefinite reversal criteria that would allow the Company to refrain from recognizing any deferred tax liability with respect to its foreign subsidiaries. Accordingly, the Company records a deferred tax liability with respect to an outside basis difference in its investment in a foreign subsidiary, where applicable.
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is not generally subject to examination by the tax authorities for years before 2020.
The Company hadno unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The Company does not anticipate a material increase or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits during the coming year.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no interest or penalties were accrued with respect to unrecognized tax positions and there wereno settlements with taxing authorities.
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's holding partnership, PJT Partners Holdings LP, received notice from the Internal Revenue Service that its Form 1065, U.S. Return of Partnership Income, was selected for examination for the tax year ended December 31, 2020. The Company currently does not expect the results of the audit to have any material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
NET INCOME PER SHARE OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Numerator: | |||
| Net Income Attributable to Shares of Class A Common Stock — Basic | $81,799 | $90,534 | $106,168 |
| Incremental Net Income from Dilutive Securities | 49,031 | 2,810 | 62,740 |
| Net Income Attributable to Shares of Class A Common Stock — Diluted | $130,830 | $93,344 | $168,908 |
| Denominator: | |||
| Weighted-Average Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding — Basic | 25,255,327 | 25,077,835 | 24,959,382 |
| Weighted-Average Number of Incremental Shares from Unvested RSUs and Partnership Units | 16,626,707 | 1,538,805 | 17,399,323 |
| Weighted-Average Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding — Diluted | 41,882,034 | 26,616,640 | 42,358,705 |
| Net Income Per Share of Class A Common Stock | |||
| Basic | $3.24 | $3.61 | $4.25 |
| Diluted | $3.12 | $3.51 | $3.99 |
Partnership Units may be exchanged for PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to applicable vesting and transfer restrictions. If all Partnership Units were exchanged for Class A common stock, weighted-average Class A common stock outstanding would be 40,037,804 for the year ended December 31, 2023, excluding unvested RSUs. In computing the dilutive effect, if any, which the aforementioned exchange would have on net income per share, net income attributable to holders of Class A common stock would be adjusted due to the elimination of the non-controlling interests associated with the Partnership Units (including any tax impact). For the year ended December 31, 2023, there wereno anti-dilutive securities. For the year ended December 31, 2022, there were 15,045,194 weighted-average Partnership Units that were anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2021, there wereno anti-dilutive securities.
EQUITY-BASED AND OTHER DEFERRED COMPENSATION
Overview
On May 24, 2023 the Company adopted the Second Amended and Restated PJT Partners Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “PJT Equity Plan”), which amended the Amended and Restated 2015 PJT Partners Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan. The PJT Equity Plan authorized an additional 16 million shares of Class A common stock for the purpose of providing incentive compensation measured by reference to the value of the Company's Class A common stock or Partnership Units. The PJT Equity Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, partnership interests and other stock-based or cash-based awards. Since October 1, 2015, the Company has authorized 33 million shares of Class A common stock for issuance of new awards under the PJT Equity Plan, of which 15.3 million were available for issuance as of December 31, 2023. The Company intends to use PJT Partners' Class A common stock to satisfy vested awards under the PJT Equity Plan.
The following table represents equity-based compensation expense and related income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Equity-Based Compensation Expense | $178,535 | $165,528 | $108,913 |
| Income Tax Benefit | $23,553 | $21,548 | $14,921 |
Restricted Stock Units
Pursuant to the PJT Equity Plan and in connection with the annual compensation processes and any ongoing hiring process or acquisitions, the Company issues RSUs, which generally vest over a service life ofthree tofive years. Awards are generally forfeited if the individual ceases to be employed by the Company prior to vesting.
The following table summarizes activity related to unvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| Restricted Stock Units | ||
|---|---|---|
| Weighted- | ||
| Average | ||
| Grant Date | ||
| Number of | Fair Value | |
| Units | (in dollars) | |
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 4,181,075 | $65.58 |
| Granted | 2,664,428 | 78.03 |
| Dividends Reinvested on RSUs | (11,128) | 2.78 |
| Forfeited | (22,968) | 72.46 |
| Vested | (1,449,130) | 60.53 |
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | 5,362,277 | $73.23 |
As of December 31, 2023, there was$184.3 million of estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSU awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. The Company assumes a forfeiture rate of 1.0% to 7.0% annually based on expected turnover and periodically reassesses this rate. The weighted-average grant date fair value with respect to RSUs granted for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $63.88 and $73.45, respectively.
RSU Awards with Both Service and Market Conditions
The Company has granted RSU awards containing both service and market conditions. The service condition requirement for these awards is generally three tofive years. The market condition will generally be satisfied upon the publicly traded shares of Class A common stock achieving certain volume-weighted average share price targets over various trading periods during the life of the award.
Effective February 10, 2022, the Company granted RSU awards containing both service and market conditions. The effect of the service and market conditions is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, provided that the service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. The service condition requirement with respect to such RSU awards isfive years with 20% vesting per annum. The market condition requirement will be 50% satisfied upon the dividend-adjusted publicly traded shares of Class A common stock achieving a volume-weighted average share price over any consecutive 20-day trading period (“20-day VWAP”) of $100 and the other 50% will be satisfied ratably upon the dividend-adjusted publicly traded shares of Class A common stock achieving a 20-day VWAP above $100 with the market condition fully satisfied upon achieving a 20-day VWAP of $130 prior to February 26, 2027. No portion of these awards will become vested until both the service and market conditions have been satisfied. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company achieved a 20-day VWAP in excess of $100.
The following table summarizes activity related to unvested RSU awards with both a service and market condition for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| RSU Awards withBoth Service and MarketConditions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Weighted- | ||
| Average | ||
| Grant Date | ||
| Number of | Fair Value | |
| Units | (in dollars) | |
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 1,534,012 | $41.98 |
| Granted | 60,000 | 60.13 |
| Dividends Reinvested on RSUs | (1,137) | 37.90 |
| Vested | (173,077) | 42.07 |
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | 1,419,798 | $42.74 |
As of December 31, 2023, there was$21.3 million of estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to RSU awards with both a service and market condition. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The Company assumes a forfeiture rate of 4.0% to 7.0% annually based on expected turnover and periodically reassesses this rate. The weighted-average grant date fair value with respect to RSUs with both a service and market condition granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $41.97. For the year ended December 31, 2021, no RSUs with both a service and market condition were granted.
The Company estimated the fair value of RSU awards with both a service and market condition at grant using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following table presents the assumptions used for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Risk-Free Interest Rate | 4.3% | 2.0% |
| Volatility Factor | 39.5% | 37.0% |
| Expected Life (in years) | 3.6 | 5.0 |
Partnership Units
In connection with the annual compensation processes and any ongoing hiring process or acquisitions, certain individuals are issued Partnership Units that, subject to certain terms and conditions, are exchangeable at the option of the holder for cash or, at the Company’s election, for shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock on aone-for-one basis. These Partnership Units generally vest over a service life ofthree tofive years.
The following table summarizes activity related to unvested Partnership Units for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| Partnership Units | ||
|---|---|---|
| Weighted- | ||
| Average | ||
| Number of | Grant Date | |
| Partnership | Fair Value | |
| Units | (in dollars) | |
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 178,067 | $60.62 |
| Granted | 586,726 | 76.82 |
| Vested | (91,552) | 55.53 |
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | 673,241 | $75.43 |
As of December 31, 2023, there was$40.0 million of estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Partnership Units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. The Company assumes a forfeiture rate of 4.0% annually based on expected turnover and periodically reassesses this rate. The weighted-average grant date fair value with respect to Partnership Units granted for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $62.05 and $68.70, respectively.
Partnership Unit Awards with Both Service and Market Conditions
Effective February 10, 2022, the Company granted Partnership Unit awards containing both service and market conditions. The effect of the service and market conditions is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, provided that the service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. The service condition requirement with respect to such Partnership Unit awards isfive years with 20% vesting per annum. The market condition requirement will be 50% satisfied upon the dividend-adjusted publicly traded shares of Class A common stock achieving a 20-day VWAP of $100 and the other 50% will be satisfied ratably upon the dividend-adjusted publicly traded shares of Class A common stock achieving a 20-day VWAP above $100 with the market condition fully satisfied upon achieving a 20-day VWAP of $130 prior to February 26, 2027. No portion of these awards will become vested until both the service and market conditions have been satisfied. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company achieved a 20-day VWAP in excess of $100.
The following table summarizes activity related to unvested Partnership Unit awards with both a service and market condition for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| Partnership Unit Awards withBoth Service and MarketConditions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Weighted- | ||
| Average | ||
| Number of | Grant Date | |
| Partnership | Fair Value | |
| Units | (in dollars) | |
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 1,107,768 | $39.10 |
| Vested | (110,777) | $39.10 |
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | 996,991 | $39.10 |
As of December 31, 2023, there was$13.7 million of estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to Partnership Unit awards with both a service and market condition. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The Company assumes a forfeiture rate of 4.0% annually based on expected turnover and periodically reassesses this rate. The weighted-average grant date fair value with respect to Partnership Unit awards with both a service and market condition granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $39.10. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, no Partnership Unit awards with both a service and market condition were granted.
The Company estimated the fair value of Partnership Unit awards with both a service and market condition at grant using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following table presents the assumptions used for the year ended December 31, 2022.
| Risk-Free Interest Rate | 2.0% |
|---|---|
| Volatility Factor | 37.0% |
| Expected Life (in years) | 5.0 |
Units Expected to Vest
The following unvested units, after expected forfeitures, as of December 31, 2023, are expected to vest:
| Weighted-Average | ||
|---|---|---|
| Service Period | ||
| Units | in Years | |
| Restricted Stock Units | 6,447,482 | 1.5 |
| Partnership Units | 1,583,000 | 1.9 |
| Total Equity-Based Awards | 8,030,482 | 1.5 |
Deferred Cash Compensation
The Company has periodically issued deferred cash compensation in connection with annual incentive compensation as well as other hiring or retention related awards. These awards typically vest over a period ofone tofour years. Compensation expense related to deferred cash awards was $41.9 million, $26.6 million and $30.8 millionfor the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was $76.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards. The weighted-average period over which this compensation cost is expected to be recognized is 1.9 years.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Class A and Class B Common Stock
Holders of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock are (a) entitled toone vote for each share held of record on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally, including the election or removal of directors; (b) entitled to receive dividends when and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) out of funds legally available therefor; and (c) entitled to receive pro rata the Company’s remaining assets available for distribution upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company.
Partnership Unit holders are granted an accompanying share of Class B common stock. This share of Class B common stock entitles the holder to a number of votes commensurate with such holder’s vested and unvested Partnership Units and does not provide any voting power in excess of the holder’s economic interest in the Company. Rather, it merely provides a vehicle for a Partnership Unit holder to vote such holder’s economic interest in the Company and does not give disproportionate or super-voting rights to holders of Partnership Units and Class B common stock.
In an effort to preserve the tax-free nature of the spin-off, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation provided that holders of Class B common stock were limited to onlyone vote per share of Class B common stock solely with respect to the election or removal of directors. With the passage of time since the spin-off, this restriction on the voting rights of holders of Class B common stock is no longer operative. Pursuant to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, upon the request of a holder of Class B common stock and approval by the Board, such holder’s Class B common stock would be equalized to provide the same number of votes for the election and removal of directors as it does for all other matters. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2023, the holders of 10.2 million vested and unvested Partnership Units have requested, and the Board has approved, that the shares of Class B common stock held by them provide them with the same number of votes for the election and removal of directors as they do for all other matters.
Holders of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock vote together with holders of the Company’s publicly traded Class A common stock as a single class on all matters on which such shareholders are entitled to vote generally, except as otherwise required by law.
PJT Partners Inc. is the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP. PJT Partners Inc. owns less than 100% of the economic interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, but has 100% of the voting power and controls the management of PJT Partners Holdings LP. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the non-controlling interest of PJT Partners Holdings LP was 39.0% and 37.6%, respectively. The percentage of the Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests will vary from this percentage primarily due to the differing level of income taxes applicable to the controlling interest.
Partnership Units are exchangeable at the option of the holder for cash or, at the Company’s election, for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The election to exchange Partnership Units is entirely within the control of the holder of Partnership Units, although the Company retains the sole option to determine whether to settle the exchange in either cash or shares of Class A common stock.
PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries indirectly through its equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP; therefore, the shares of Class A common stock outstanding represent the controlling interest.
Treasury Stock
On February 6, 2024, the Company announced that the Board authorized a $500 million Class A common stock repurchase program, which replaced the then-existing $200 million repurchase program authorized on April 25, 2022, of which $57 million was remaining as of December 31, 2023. Under the new repurchase program, which has no expiration date, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 1.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an average price per share of $73.50, or$116.7 million in aggregate. The result of these repurchases was an increase of$116.7 million in Treasury Stock in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition for the year ended December 31, 2023. With respect to repurchases of the Company’s Class A common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an increase of$109.5 million in Treasury Stock in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.
LEASES
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Operating Lease Cost | $29,318 | $27,672 | $27,519 |
| Variable Lease Cost | 4,423 | 3,606 | 3,090 |
| Short-Term Lease Cost | — | — | 102 |
| Sublease Income | (778) | (529) | (909) |
| Total Lease Cost | $32,963 | $30,749 | $29,802 |
Supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Cash Paid for Amounts Included in Measurement of Lease Liabilities | |||
| Operating Cash Flows from Operating Leases | $25,035 | $22,488 | $21,397 |
| Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease Liabilities | $200,958 | $6,261 | $6,765 |
| Year Ended December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in years) | 15.5 | 6.8 |
| Weighted-Average Discount Rate | 6.8% | 4.6% |
The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:
| Year Ending December 31, | |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $29,140 |
| 2025 | 25,856 |
| 2026 | 29,995 |
| 2027 | 30,918 |
| 2028 | 38,919 |
| Thereafter | 415,346 |
| Total Lease Payments | 570,174 |
| Less: Tenant Improvement Allowances | 17,161 |
| Less: Imputed Interest | 222,413 |
| Total | $330,600 |
In December 2023, the Company entered into a lease amendment to its New York office lease. The amendment extended the term of certain floor space to 2041, which resulted in an increase to Operating Lease Right of Use Assets and a corresponding increase to Operating Lease Liabilities of $199.1 million. Additionally, the amendment provides for lease of additional floor space. Such lease has not been included in Operating Lease Right of Use Assets and Operating Lease Liabilities as of December 31, 2023 on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as the Company does not yet have the right to use the premises. Commencement is currently anticipated to occur in the first quarter of 2025 with a term that expires in 2041.
TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
Exchange Agreement
The Company has entered into an exchange agreement, as amended, with the limited partners of PJT Partners Holdings LP pursuant to which they (or certain permitted transferees) have the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the limited partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP, on a quarterly basis, to exchange all or part of their Partnership Units for cash or, at the Company’s election, for shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock on aone-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for splits, unit distributions and reclassifications. Further, pursuant to the terms in the partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the Company may also require holders of Partnership Units who are not Service Providers (as defined in the partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP) to exchange such Partnership Units. The price per Partnership Unit to be received in a cash-settled exchange will be equal to the fair value of a share of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock (determined in accordance with and subject to adjustment under the exchange agreement, as amended). In the event cash-settled exchanges of Partnership Units are funded with new issuances of Class A common stock, the fair value of a share of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock will be deemed to be equal to the net proceeds per share of Class A common stock received by PJT Partners Inc. in the related issuance. Accordingly, in this event, the price per Partnership Unit to which an exchanging holder of Partnership Units will be entitled may be greater than or less than the then-current market value of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock. The exchange agreement, as amended, also provides that a holder of Partnership Units will not have the right to exchange Partnership Units in the event that PJT Partners Inc. determines that such exchange would be prohibited by law, or would result in any breach of any debt agreement or other material contract of PJT Partners Inc. or PJT Partners Holdings LP. The exchange agreement, as amended, also provides the Company with the ability to decline to exchange should it determine that the exchange would cause unreasonable financial burden on PJT Partners Holdings LP, as determined by the Board.
Certain holders of Partnership Units exchanged 0.3 million and 0.2 million Partnership Units, respectively, for cash in the amounts of$22.3 million and$15.1 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Such amounts are recorded as a reduction of Non-Controlling Interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Additionally,250 thousand Partnership Units were exchanged for shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common for the year ended December 31, 2022. There wereno exchanges for the shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock for the year ended December 31, 2023. Exchanges for shares are recorded as a reduction of Non-Controlling Interests and an increase in Additional Paid-In Capital in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
With respect to the fourth quarter 2023 exchange, the Company elected to exchange 0.2 million Partnership Units for cash on February 13, 2024 for an aggregate payment of $18.7 million. The price per Partnership Unit paid by the Company was $94.76, which was equal to the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock on February 8, 2024.
Registration Rights Agreement
The Company has entered into a registration rights agreement with the limited partners of PJT Partners Holdings LP pursuant to which the Company granted them, their affiliates and certain of their transferees the right, under certain circumstances and subject to certain restrictions, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act of 1933 shares of Class A common stock delivered in exchange for Partnership Units. The registration rights agreement does not contain any penalties associated with failure to file or to maintain the effectiveness of a registration statement covering the shares owned by individuals covered by such agreement.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The Company has entered into a tax receivable agreement with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) that provides for the payment by PJT Partners Inc. to exchanging holders of Partnership Units of 85% of the benefits, if any, that PJT Partners Inc. is deemed to realize as a result of the increases in tax basis related to such exchanges of Partnership Units and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had amounts due of$29.7 million and$30.3 million, respectively, pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represent management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed in connection with the tax receivable agreement. The Company expects to make the following payments with respect to the tax receivable agreement: $2.3 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028; and $18.0 million in years thereafter. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments.
Sublease
The Company has entered into a Sublease Agreement (the “Sublease”) with Dynasty Equity Partners Management, LLC (“Dynasty”) to sublease a portion of its office space to Dynasty. K. Don Cornwell, a member of the Board, is the CEO and co-founder of Dynasty. The sublease commenced on October 1, 2022 with an initial term oftwo years. The rent, terms and conditions of the Sublease were consistent with those similar to subleases in the market as of the time the Sublease was entered, and the Company recognized $0.8 million and $0.1 million of sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Such amounts are recorded in Interest Income and Other in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Aircraft Lease
The Company makes available to its partners and, on occasion, their family members personal use of a company leased aircraft when it is not being used for business purposes, for which the partners pay the full incremental costs associated with such use. Such amount is not material to the consolidated financial statements.
COMMITMENTSAND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
Line of Credit
On February 1, 2021, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower (the “Borrower”), entered into a Renewal and Modification Agreement (the “Renewal Agreement”) and related documents with First Republic Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase), as lender (the “Lender”), amending the terms of the Borrower’s revolving credit facility with the Lender under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated October 1, 2018 (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”). The Renewal Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments in an amount equal to $60.0 million, which aggregate commitments may be increased, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Renewal Agreement, to up to $80.0 million during the period beginning December 1 each year through March 1 of the following year. The revolving credit facility was scheduled to mature and the commitments thereunder were scheduled to terminate on October 1, 2023, subject to extension by agreement of the Borrower and Lender. On February, 7, 2023, the Renewal Agreement was further amended with the same terms to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2024.
The Renewal Agreement requires the Borrower to maintain certain minimum financial covenants and limits or restricts the ability of the Borrower (subject to certain qualifications and exceptions) to incur additional indebtedness in excess of $20.0 million. Outstanding borrowings under the Renewal Agreement are secured by the accounts receivable of PJT Partners LP.
Outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest equal to the greater of a per annum rate of (a)2.75%, or (b) the prime rate minus 1.0%. During an event of default, overdue principal under the revolving credit facility bears interest at a rate 2.0% in excess of the otherwise applicable rate of interest. In connection with the closing of the Renewal Agreement, the Borrower paid the Lender certain closing costs and fees. In addition, on and after the closing date, the Borrower will also pay a commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the revolving credit facility of 0.125% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was in compliance with the debt covenants under the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there wereno borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may be named as a defendant in legal actions relating to transactions conducted in the ordinary course of business. Some of these matters may involve claims of substantial amounts. Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, in the opinion of management, after consultation with external counsel, the Company believes it is not probable and/or reasonably possible that any current legal proceedings or claims (including the matters described below) would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Company is not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations.
In June 2017, an action was filed in New York state court by affiliates of Moore Capital against defendants PJT Partners Inc., Park Hill Group LLC and Andrew W.W. Caspersen, arising out of the fraudulent conduct of Caspersen. A principal of Plaintiffs had a personal relationship with Caspersen and Plaintiffs had no relationship with either Park Hill Group LLC or PJT Partners Inc. PJT Partners Inc. and Park Hill Group LLC moved to dismiss the complaint. On August 13, 2018, the court dismissed all of the claims asserted against PJT Partners Inc. and Park Hill Group LLC, except for the fraud-based apparent authority claim. Plaintiffs and PJT Partners Inc. and Park Hill Group LLC appealed the court’s decision. On December 3, 2019, the appellate court dismissed the complaint in its entirety against PJT Partners Inc. and Park Hill Group LLC. On January 2, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a motion with the appellate court seeking reargument or, alternatively, leave to appeal, which motion was denied by the appellate court. On September 15, 2020, the New York Court of Appeals granted Plaintiffs permission to file an appeal, which appeal was filed on December 30, 2020. On June 13, 2023, the New York Court of Appeals reversed the dismissals of the two lower courts and reinstated Plaintiff’s claim for negligent supervision and retention for further proceedings at the state court. The Company believes it has significant defenses and will continue to vigorously oppose Plaintiffs’ sole remaining claim.
In connection with these matters, the Company has incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
Guarantee
The Company provides a guarantee to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees for investment in funds of its former Parent, which are secured by the underlying investments in those funds. The amount guaranteed was $2.3 million and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In connection with this guarantee, the Company currently expects any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
Indemnifications
The Company has entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, the Company currently expects any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
In connection with these matters, the Company has incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
Transactions and Agreements with Blackstone
Employee Matters Agreement
The Company is required to reimburse Blackstone for the value of forfeited unvested equity awards granted to former Blackstone employees that transitioned to PJT Partners in connection with the spin-off. Such reimbursement is recorded in Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities with an offset to Equity in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The accrual for these forfeitures was$0.9 million as of each of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay Blackstone the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had accrued$0.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, which the Company anticipates will be payable to Blackstone after the Company files its respective tax returns. The tax deduction and corresponding payable to Blackstone related to such deliveries will fluctuate primarily based on the price of Blackstone common stock at the time of delivery.
REGULATED ENTITIES
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to various regulatory requirements in the U.S., United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Spain, which specify, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers.
PJT Partners LP is a registered broker-dealer through which advisory and placement services are conducted in the U.S. and is subject to the net capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). PJT Partners LP computes net capital based upon the aggregate indebtedness standard, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined, which shall be the greater of $100 thousand or 6 2/3% of aggregate indebtedness, as defined, and requires that the ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital, both as defined, shall not exceed 15 to 1. PJT Partners LP had net capital of $288.1 million and $125.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which exceeded the minimum net capital requirement by $287.2 million and $124.1 million, respectively. PJT Partners LP does not carry customer accounts and does not otherwise hold funds or securities for, or owe money or securities to, customers and, accordingly, has no obligations under the SEC Customer Protection Rule (Rule 15c3-3).
PJT Partners (UK) Limited is authorized and regulated by the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority and is required to maintain minimum capital of the greater of the permanent minimum requirement of £75 thousand or a fixed overhead requirement, defined as 25% of fixed overheads of the preceding year. One third of the fixed overhead requirement must be held in liquid assets. PJT Partners (HK) Limited is licensed with the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission and is subject to a minimum liquid capital requirement of HK$3 million. PJT Partners Park Hill (Spain) A.V., S.A.U. is an investment firm authorized and regulated by Spain’s National Securities Market Commission and is required to maintain minimum capital of the greater of the permanent minimum requirement of €75 thousand or 25% of the fixed overheads of the preceding year. One third of the fixed overhead requirement must be held in liquid assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, these entities were in compliance with local capital adequacy requirements.
BUSINESS INFORMATION
The Company’s activities providing advisory and placement services constitute a single reportable segment. An operating segment is a component of an entity that conducts business and incurs revenues and expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in assessing performance and making resource allocation decisions. The Company has asingle operating segment and therefore asingle reportable segment.
The Company is organized as one operating segment in order to maximize the value of advice to clients by drawing upon the diversified expertise and broad relationships of senior professionals across the Company. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance and allocates resources based on broad considerations, including the market opportunity, available expertise across the Company and the strength and efficacy of professionals’ collaboration, and not based upon profit or loss measures for the Company’s separate product lines.
Since the financial markets are global in nature, the Company generally manages its business based on the operating results of the Company taken as a whole, not by geographic region. The following tables set forth the geographical distribution of revenues and assets based on the location of the office that generates the revenues or holds the assets and therefore may not be reflective of the geography in which the Company’s clients are located.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |
| Revenues | |||
| Domestic | $965,948 | $923,334 | $873,563 |
| International | 187,234 | 102,171 | 118,382 |
| Total | $1,153,182 | $1,025,505 | $991,945 |
| December 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| Assets | ||
| Domestic | $1,215,470 | $921,274 |
| International | 219,508 | 129,378 |
| Total | $1,434,978 | $1,050,652 |
The Company was not subject to any material concentrations with respect to its revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company was not subject to any material concentrations of credit risk with respect to its accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Board has declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share of Class A common stock, which will be paid on March 20, 2024 to Class A common stockholders of record on March 6, 2024.
The Company has evaluated the impact of subsequent events through the date these financial statements were issued, and determined there were no subsequent events requiring adjustment or further disclosure to the financial statements besides those described in Note 11. “Stockholders' Equity—Treasury Stock” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement”.
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.