3D SYSTEMS CORP

Previous wording

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Certain statements contained in this discussion may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements, as discussed more fully in this Form 10-K. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A and “Forward-Looking Statements.” All amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts, or as otherwise indicated.

Current wording

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Certain statements contained in this discussion may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A and “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Previous wording

For discussion related to our results of operations and changes in financial condition for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021, refer to Part II, Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" ("MD&A") in our fiscal 2022 Form 10-K. Our fiscal 2022 Form 10-K was filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023.

Current wording

For discussion related to our results of operations and changes in financial condition for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, refer to Part II, Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" ("MD&A") in our fiscal 2023 Form 10-K. Our fiscal 2023 Form 10-K was filed with the SEC on August 13, 2024. Discussion of our segment results for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 have been included herein due to the retroactive application of the change in our segment measure of profitability to gross profit for all periods reported in our segment footnote. Refer to Note 21 for additional details.

Previous wording

Restructuring Plan Objectives and Phases

Current wording

Restructuring Plan Objectives and Status of Execution

Previous wording

In February 2023, the Company announced the first phase of its multi-faceted restructuring initiative to improve operating efficiencies throughout the organization and drive long-term value creation. The objective of this first phase was to improve manufacturing efficiencies related to our European metal printer operations. Actions taken under this initiative include the insourcing of certain metal printer platforms into the Company’s Riom, France manufacturing facility, co-locating the manufacturing and engineering of the insourced metal printer products in order to improve cycle time from development to production.

Current wording

•improving manufacturing efficiencies related to the Company’s European metal printer operations by (1) in-sourcing certain metal printer platforms into the Company’s Riom, France manufacturing facility and (2) co-locating the engineering and manufacturing of in-sourced metal printer products in order to improve cycle time from development to production;

Previous wording

The severance, termination benefits and other employee costs that the Company incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 are reflected in our consolidated statement of operations as follows:

Current wording

The financial statement impacts of (1) severance, termination benefits and other employee costs that were incurred under our 2023 Restructuring Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and (2) adjustments recorded with respect to the liability recognized under the 2023 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2024 are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as follows:

Previous wording

Since the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company has been evaluating strategic alternatives related to Oqton MOS, for which we previously disclosed that it is more likely than not that the business will be sold or otherwise disposed of. In connection with the expectation to sell or otherwise dispose of Oqton MOS, management assessed whether the carrying value of this asset group’s long-lived assets was recoverable and, ultimately, recorded impairment charges totaling $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 (refer to Note 8). The Company expects to immediately realize lower amortization expense recorded to SG&A expense as a result of the impairment of Oqton MOS’s intangible assets that were previously subject to amortization.

Current wording

The Company previously disclosed during the year ended December 31, 2023 that it is more likely than not that Oqton, Inc. ("Oqton") MOS would be sold or otherwise disposed of. In connection with the expectation to sell or otherwise dispose of Oqton MOS, management previously assessed whether the carrying value of this asset group’s long-lived assets was recoverable, and determined that it was not recoverable. As a result, the Company recorded a $13.6 million charge to recognize the full impairment of the asset group's intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

During May 2024, the Company completed the sale of the portion of the Oqton MOS business that was focused on the dental market ("Oqton Dental") in exchange for a de minimis amount of cash, resulting in the transfer of a limited portion of Oqton MOS's personnel. The transfer of personnel is expected to provide cost savings from the date of the disposal of Oqton Dental. The Company continues to evaluate strategic alternatives related to the remaining portion of Oqton that the Company continues to hold.

Current wording

During May 2024, the Company completed the sale of the portion of the Oqton MOS business that was focused on the dental market ("Oqton Dental") in exchange for a de minimis amount of cash, resulting in the transfer of a limited portion of Oqton MOS's personnel and a de minimis amount of fixed assets. The sale of Oqton Dental did not qualify as a discontinued operation, as it did not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's overall business operations; however, the transfer of personnel is expected to provide cost savings from the date of the disposal of Oqton Dental. The Company continues to evaluate strategic alternatives related to the remaining portion of Oqton MOS that the Company continues to hold.

Previous wording

The Company has made the following significant acquisitions and investments during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Current wording

The Company made the following significant acquisitions and investments during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Previous wording

On July 1, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Wematter AB (“Wematter”), a Swedish 3D printer manufacturer, for which post-acquisition results are included in our Industrial Solutions segment. The acquisition broadens 3D Systems’ Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) portfolio. Consideration for this acquisition consisted of approximately $10.2 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The Company also may be required to pay an additional €2.0 million in cash, contingent upon the achievement of certain post-closing performance conditions and the continued employment of certain key employees of Wematter for two years after the closing date of the acquisition. As of December 31, 2023, management does not believe that achievement of the post-closing performance conditions is probable.

Current wording

In July 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Wematter AB (“Wematter”), a Swedish 3D printer manufacturer, for which post-acquisition results are included in our Industrial Solutions segment. The acquisition broadens 3D Systems’ Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) portfolio. Consideration for this acquisition consisted of approximately $10.2 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. The Company also may be required to pay an additional €2.0 million in cash, contingent upon the achievement of certain post-closing performance conditions and the continued employment of certain key employees of Wematter for two years after the closing date of the acquisition. As of December 31, 2024, management does not believe that achievement of the post-closing performance conditions is probable.

Previous wording

In June of 2023, we made an $8.0 million investment in Theradaptive, Inc. ("Theradaptive") via the purchase of Series A Preferred Stock, pursuant to which we hold an approximate 9.15%, or 8.25% fully-diluted, ownership interest in Theradaptive. Theradaptive is currently developing a protein that encourages bone growth. This biotechnology could be applied to 3D printed metal splints for patients who otherwise may require amputation of a limb because the lost bone is too vast to replace with a splint. The Company has accounted for its investment in Theradaptive on a cost basis, subject to assessment for impairment, as the fair value of Theradaptive's equity is not readily determinable, and the investment is not subject to the equity method of accounting due to the Company's lack of significant influence. The investment in Theradaptive is not expected to materially impact our future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Current wording

In June 2023, we made an $8.0 million investment in Theradaptive, Inc. ("Theradaptive") via the purchase of Series A Preferred Stock. Theradaptive is currently developing a protein that encourages bone growth. This biotechnology could be applied to 3D printed metal splints for patients who otherwise may require amputation of a limb because the lost bone is too vast to replace with a splint. The Company has accounted for its investment in Theradaptive on a cost basis, subject to assessment for impairment, as the fair value of Theradaptive's equity is not readily determinable, and the investment is not subject to the equity method of accounting due to the Company's lack of significant influence.

Previous wording

In March 2022, the Saudi Arabian Industrial Investments Company (“Dussur”) and 3D Systems signed an agreement to form a joint venture intended to expand the use of additive manufacturing within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and surrounding geographies, including the Middle East and North Africa. The joint venture is to enable the development of Saudi Arabia's domestic additive manufacturing production capabilities, consistent with the Kingdom’s ‘Vision 2030,’ which is focused on diversification of the economy and long-term sustainability. Upon entering into the agreement with Dussur, 3D Systems committed to an initial investment in the joint venture of approximately $6.5 million, of which $3.4 million had been deposited into an escrow account as of December 31, 2022 and, accordingly, was reported as restricted cash within other assets on the December 31, 2022 balance sheet. In February 2023, the Company became a shareholder in the joint venture and owns 49% of the joint venture's common stock. During April 2023, the $3.4 million held in escrow, as well as the additional amount of approximately $3.1 million owed to the joint venture, was deposited into a bank account of the joint venture for use in its operations. The impact of this investment on the Company’s future financial position and cash flows is expected to be limited to cash outflow(s) related to future investments, if required. Additional future investments are contingent upon the achievement of certain milestones by the joint venture or separate agreement by the parties to the joint venture to invest additional capital. Refer to Note 26 for details regarding the Company's incremental investment in NAMI subsequent to December 31, 2023.

Current wording

In March 2022, the Saudi Arabian Industrial Investments Company (“Dussur”) and 3D Systems signed an agreement to form a joint venture intended to expand the use of additive manufacturing within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and surrounding geographies, including the Middle East and North Africa. The joint venture is to enable the development of Saudi Arabia's domestic additive manufacturing production capabilities, consistent with the Kingdom’s ‘Vision 2030,’ which is focused on diversification of the economy and long-term sustainability. Upon entering into the agreement with Dussur, 3D Systems committed to an initial investment in the joint venture of approximately $6.5 million. In February 2023, the Company became a shareholder in the joint venture and owns 49% of the joint venture's common stock. During April 2023, $3.4 million held in escrow, as well as the additional amount of approximately $3.1 million owed to the joint venture, was deposited into a bank account of the joint venture for use in its operations. In May 2024, the Company and Dussur each made an incremental investment of $2.5 million in the joint venture. During December 2024, the Company entered into a short-term non-interest-bearing loan agreement with NAMI whereby NAMI borrowed $2.0 million to finance its working capital and capital expenditure requirements. Additional future investments in the joint venture are contingent upon agreement by the parties to the joint venture to invest additional capital.

Previous wording

In March 2022, we made a $10.0 million investment for an approximate 26.6% ownership interest in Enhatch Inc. (“Enhatch”), the developer of the Intelligent Surgery Ecosystem. We simultaneously entered into a collaboration and supply agreement with Enhatch. We also obtained warrants to purchase additional shares of Enhatch and the right to purchase, in the future, the remaining shares of Enhatch that 3D Systems does not own, if certain revenue targets are achieved. Enhatch's Intelligent Surgery Ecosystem provides technologies which streamline and scale the design and delivery of patient-specific medical devices by automating the process. Incorporating these capabilities into 3D Systems’ workflow for patient-specific solutions, which includes advanced software, expert treatment planning services, custom implants, instrumentation design, and industry-leading production processes, will help more efficiently meet the growing demand for personalized medical devices.

Current wording

In March 2022, we made a $10.0 million investment in Enhatch Inc. (“Enhatch”), the developer of the Intelligent Surgery Ecosystem, in exchange for shares of Enhatch convertible preferred stock, a warrant to purchase common shares of Enhatch, and the right to purchase in the future the remaining shares of Enhatch that 3D Systems does not own if certain revenue targets are achieved (the “call option”). We simultaneously entered into a collaboration and supply agreement with Enhatch. Enhatch's Intelligent Surgery Ecosystem provides technologies which streamline and scale the design and delivery of patient-specific medical devices by automating the process. Incorporating these capabilities into 3D Systems’ workflow for patient-specific solutions, which includes advanced software, expert treatment planning services, custom implants, instrumentation design, and industry-leading production processes, will help more efficiently meet the growing demand for personalized medical devices.

Previous wording

Within our Healthcare Solutions segment, a portion of our business focuses on opportunities for additive manufacturing to be applied to regenerative medicine. To date, our efforts in the area of regenerative medicine have consisted primarily of pre-commercial bio-technology R&D in the areas described below.

Current wording

Within our Healthcare Solutions segment, a portion of our business focuses on opportunities for additive manufacturing to be applied to regenerative medicine. To date, our efforts in the area of regenerative medicine have consisted primarily of pre-commercial bio-technology research and development (“R&D”) in the areas described below.

Previous wording

Our first area of focus is the use of additive manufacturing for human organ transplantation, with a long-term goal of helping patients with end-stage disease receive transplants that will enable them to enjoy long and active lives. This program combines our 3D printing expertise and capabilities in human tissue engineering with the regenerative medicine and biotechnology expertise of a key strategic partner. Through the start of 2024, our program focused on developing the capability to print organ scaffolds for human lungs, kidneys and livers. However, beginning in the first quarter of 2024, due to changes to our arrangement with and funding from our key strategic partner, the Company’s continuing organ program shifted its focus to developing the capability to print human lung scaffolds, for which the related R&D efforts will continue to be primarily funded by our key strategic partner. Refer to the discussions of (A) “Regenerative medicine earnout payments and performance-based stock units” within the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of this MD&A discussion and (B) Note 26 for additional information regarding the impact of the changes to this program during the first quarter of 2024.

Current wording

Our first area of focus is the use of additive manufacturing for human organ transplantation, with a long-term goal of helping patients with end-stage disease receive transplants that will enable them to enjoy long and active lives. This program combines our 3D printing expertise and capabilities in human tissue engineering with the regenerative medicine and biotechnology expertise of a key strategic partner. Through the start of 2024, our program focused on developing the capability to print organ scaffolds for human lungs, kidneys and livers. However, beginning in the first quarter of 2024, due to changes to our arrangement with and funding from our key strategic partner, the Company’s continuing organ program shifted its focus to developing the capability to print human lung scaffolds, for which the related R&D efforts will continue to be primarily funded by our key strategic partner.

Previous wording

Our third area of focus seeks to utilize our bio-printing capabilities to design and manufacture 3D-printed vascularized “organs-on-chips” for use in drug development by pharmaceutical industry customers through our wholly-owned biotech company, Systemic Bio. We believe that “organs-on-chips” can accelerate the drug development process and reduce the cost of pre-clinical drug testing, as well as reduce the pharmaceutical industry’s reliance on animal testing. Systemic Bio combines 3D Systems’ legacy expertise in high-resolution 3D printing with advanced capabilities in bioprinting and biomaterials to design and market 3D-printed, vascularized “organs-on-chips.” During the year ended December 31, 2023, Systemic Bio entered into its first commercial contracts with pharmaceutical industry customers.

Current wording

Our second area of focus seeks to utilize our bio-printing capabilities to design and manufacture 3D-printed vascularized “organs-on-chips” for use in drug development by pharmaceutical industry customers through our wholly-owned biotech company, Systemic Bio. We believe that “organs-on-chips” can accelerate the drug development process and reduce the cost of pre-clinical drug testing, as well as reduce the pharmaceutical industry’s reliance on animal testing. Systemic Bio combines 3D Systems’ legacy expertise in high-resolution 3D printing with advanced capabilities in bioprinting and biomaterials to design and market 3D-printed, vascularized “organs-on-chips”. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Systemic Bio entered into its first commercial contracts with pharmaceutical industry customers.

Previous wording

In addition to changes in sales volumes, there are two other primary drivers of changes in revenue from one period to another: (1) the combined effect of changes in product mix and average selling prices and (2) the impact of fluctuations in foreign currencies. As used in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the price and mix effects relate to changes in revenue that are not able to be specifically related to changes in unit volume or foreign exchange.

Current wording

In addition to changes in sales volumes, there are two other primary drivers of changes in revenue from one period to another: (1) the combined effect of changes in product mix and average selling prices and (2) the impact of fluctuations in foreign currencies. As used in this MD&A, the price and mix effects relate to changes in revenue that are not able to be specifically attributed to changes in unit volume or changes in foreign exchange rates.

Previous wording

The following table sets forth changes in our products and services revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Current wording

The following table sets forth factors contributing to the changes in our products and services revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to our products and services revenue reported for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

For our Industrial Solutions segment, the $8.4 million increase in services revenue attributable to higher sales volume primarily relates to increases in revenue generated from parts manufacturing and hardware maintenance services.

Current wording

The volume increase in our Industrial Solutions services revenue was primarily related to increases in revenue generated from parts manufacturing and hardware maintenance services.

Previous wording

Total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $50.0 million or 9.3% to $488.1 million, compared to $538.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by the $70.5 million impact of lower product sales volumes, offset by the $16.0 million impact of the increase in services sale volume. Refer to the detailed discussions above. To a lesser extent, total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was positively impacted by changes in products sales price/mix and changes in foreign exchange rates.

Current wording

Total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $47.9 million, or 9.8%, to $440.1 million, compared to $488.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by the $31.7 million impact of lower products sales volumes and the $17.0 million unfavorable impact of price/mix on products revenue, which was partially offset by the $2.1 million impact of the increase in services revenue. Refer to the detailed discussions above.

Previous wording

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased $17.8 million, or 8.3%, to $196.4 million, compared to $214.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased to 40.2%, as compared to 39.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily driven by the increase in our services gross profit margin (as discussed in greater detail below).

Current wording

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $32.2 million, or 16.4%, to $164.2 million, compared to $196.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased to 37.3%, as compared to 40.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by the decrease in both our products and services gross profit margin (as discussed in greater detail below).

Previous wording

The primary drivers of the $34.0 million decrease in SG&A expense for fiscal year 2023 — despite the $1.4 million increase in SG&A expense due to recent acquisitions – include:

Current wording

The primary drivers of the $0.1 million decrease in SG&A expense are as follows:

Previous wording

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded aggregate impairment charges of $302.8 million related to intangible assets (inclusive of goodwill); whereas, similar impairment charges were not recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the nature of the intangible assets for which impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023:

Current wording

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded aggregate impairment charges of $145.0 million related to intangible assets (inclusive of goodwill) and tangible assets as compared to $302.8 million in impairment charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table summarizes the impairment charges recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Previous wording

Amortization expense decreased by $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 due to the impairment charges recorded against intangible assets included in our dp polar and Oqton MOS asset groups during the year ended December 31, 2023. These impairment charges reduced the amortizable asset balance for the impacted intangible assets to $0. Refer to our discussion of "Other Strategic Business Decisions and Cost Saving Initiatives" and Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details. In addition, amortization expense decreased as a result of certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized prior to the end of the first quarter of the current year ended December 31, 2023.

Current wording

Impairment charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024

Previous wording

The $279.8 million goodwill impairment charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflects the impairment of 100% of the goodwill that had been assigned to our Industrial Solutions reporting unit based upon the result of our annual goodwill impairment test. This outcome of our annual goodwill impairment test is reflective of the significant and sustained drop in the Company's stock price and market capitalization leading up to and as of the testing date, as well as the significantly higher carrying value (including the goodwill balance) of our Industrial Solutions reporting unit compared to our Healthcare Solutions reporting unit. Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details.

Current wording

The $279.8 million goodwill impairment charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflected the impairment of goodwill that had been assigned to our Industrial Solutions reporting unit based upon the result of our annual goodwill impairment test. This outcome of our annual goodwill impairment test reflected the significant and sustained drop in the Company's stock price and market capitalization leading up to and as of the testing date, as well as the significantly higher carrying value (including the goodwill balance) of our Industrial Solutions reporting unit compared to our Healthcare Solutions reporting unit. Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details on the 2024 and 2023 impairment charges.

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized impairment charges related to (1) our indefinite-life intangible asset balance, consisting solely of dp polar's IPR&D, and (2) certain of our finite-life intangible assets, consisting of intangible assets included in our Oqton MOS and dp polar asset groups. These impairment charges were triggered by the Company's decision to cease the development of dp polar's IPR&D for the foreseeable future and the Company's conclusion that it will more likely than not sell or otherwise dispose of Oqton MOS. Based upon a determination that the dp polar and Oqton MOS intangible assets were no longer expected to produce or contribute to the production of positive cash flows for the Company, the Company recorded impairment charges to write their carrying values down to $0. Refer to our discussion of "Other Strategic Business Decisions and Cost Saving Initiatives" and Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized impairment charges related to (1) our indefinite-life intangible asset balance, consisting solely of dp polar's IPR&D, and (2) certain of our finite-life intangible assets, consisting of intangible assets included in our Oqton MOS and dp polar asset groups. These impairment charges were triggered by the Company's decision to cease the development of dp polar's IPR&D for the foreseeable future and the Company's conclusion that it would more likely than not sell or otherwise dispose of Oqton MOS. Based upon a determination that the dp polar and Oqton MOS intangible assets were no longer expected to produce or contribute to the production of positive cash flows for the Company, the Company recorded impairment charges to write their carrying values down to $0. Refer to our discussion of "Other Strategic Business Decisions and Cost Saving Initiatives" and Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional details.

Previous wording

Our operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $406.0 million, compared to a $117.0 million operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in our operating loss was primarily attributable to the $302.8 million of non-cash impairment charges recorded (1) against the carrying value of our goodwill and (2) to write-off the intangible assets that were included in our dp polar and Oqton asset groups. The $17.8 million decrease in our reported gross profit and $2.4 million increase in our reported R&D expense was more than offset by the $34.0 million decrease in our reported SG&A expense. Refer to the discussions of our financial statement line items above for additional details.

Current wording

Our operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $277.4 million, compared to a $406.0 million operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in our operating loss was primarily attributable to a decrease in non-cash impairment charges of $157.8 million, which was partially offset by a $32.2 million decrease in gross profit. Refer to the discussions of our financial statement line items above for additional details.

Previous wording

The following table sets forth the components of interest and other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Current wording

The following table sets forth the components of non-operating income for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, interest income, net increased $9.7 million, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was due to higher interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents, which was driven by higher market interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, interest income decreased as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 due to the Company's lower cash and cash equivalent balances during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we reported a tax benefit of $0.6 million, as compared to a tax provision of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company's effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were significantly below blended U.S. and foreign jurisdictions' statutory tax rates due to (1) the Company's reported losses and (2) the maintenance of a valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets based upon the Company's conclusion that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will not be realized in various tax jurisdictions.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we reported income tax expense of $2.2 million, as compared to an income tax benefit of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company's effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were significantly below blended U.S. and foreign jurisdictions' statutory tax rates due to (1) the Company's reported losses and (2) the maintenance of a valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets based upon the Company's conclusion that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will not be realized in various tax jurisdictions.

Previous wording

The increase in the net loss attributable to 3D Systems for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the net loss attributable to 3D Systems for the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily driven by the period-over period increase in the Company's consolidated operating loss reported for the year ended December 31, 2023, partially offset by the non-operating income reported for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to a non-operating loss reported for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company reported a loss on equity method investment, net of income taxes, for the year ended December 31, 2023; whereas, the Company did not hold this investment that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as of the year ended December 31, 2022.

Current wording

The decrease in the net loss attributable to 3D Systems for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the net loss attributable to 3D Systems for the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily driven by the period-over period decrease in the Company's consolidated operating loss reported for the year ended December 31, 2024, partially offset by lower non-operating income reported for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, the Company reported a $3.4 million loss on equity method investment, net of income taxes, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to a $1.3 million loss on equity method investment for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

The following table presents the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA amounts reported by each of our segments, as well as non-allocated corporate costs, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Current wording

The following table presents the revenue and gross profit amounts reported by each of our segments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA for our Healthcare Solutions segment decreased $17.3 million, or 30.9%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to (1) our lower sales to the dental market, including the segment's lower printer sales to a key customer, (2) the decrease in product sales into other markets, and (2) the increase in R&D costs incurred related to regenerative medicine, partially offset by increases in services revenue and a favorable impact of price/mix on the segment's product revenue.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, gross profit for our Healthcare Solutions segment decreased $11.7 million, or 13.7%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to (1) a decrease in the estimated recognizable variable consideration related to a collaboration arrangement (2) our lower sales to the dental market, including the segment's lower printer sales to a key customer, (3) the decrease in products revenue from other markets, and (4) unfavorable price/mix on the segment's products revenue, which was partially offset by increases in materials revenue in the dental market and increases in services revenue.

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA for our Industrial Solutions segment decreased $5.1 million, or 21.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily driven by a $2.0 million unfavorable impact of the Company's recent acquisitions and the unfavorable impact of both volume and price/mix on product revenue, partially offset by (1) the increase in services revenue and (2) lower operating expenses, when excluding the impact of acquisitions.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, gross profit for our Industrial Solutions segment decreased $20.6 million, or 18.5%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily driven by the unfavorable impact of volume on products revenue, partially offset by the increase in services revenue.

Previous wording

The decrease in product sales for the segment was partially offset by a $7.8 million increase in services revenue for the segment. The increase in services revenue was partially driven by the recognition of incremental variable consideration revenue, inclusive of a $4.5 million cumulative catch-up adjustment, that relates directly to the inclusion of $6.5 million of additional milestone payments (representing variable consideration) in the total transaction price of a regenerative medicine collaboration and licensing revenue agreement during the current year ended December 31, 2023. The additional milestone-based payments were deemed probable of being earned under revised contract terms that took effect upon the execution of an amendment to the collaboration and licensing revenue agreement during the year ended December 31, 2023. Our Healthcare Solutions' services revenue also increased due to higher personalized healthcare solutions revenue.

Current wording

The decrease in product sales for the segment was partially offset by a $7.8 million increase in services revenue for the segment. The increase in services revenue was partially driven by the recognition of incremental variable consideration revenue, inclusive of a $4.5 million cumulative catch-up adjustment, that related directly to the inclusion of $6.5 million of additional milestone payments (representing variable consideration) in the total transaction price of a regenerative medicine collaboration and licensing revenue agreement during the year ended December 31, 2023. The additional milestone-based payments were deemed probable of being earned under revised contract terms that took effect upon the execution of an amendment to the collaboration and licensing revenue agreement during the year ended December 31, 2023. Our Healthcare Solutions' services revenue also increased due to higher personalized healthcare solutions revenue.

Previous wording

In addition, the increase in our services revenue includes the $4.5 million of incremental variable consideration revenue recognized by our Healthcare Solutions segment on a cumulative catch-up basis, upon concluding that additional milestone-based payments related to a collaboration and licensing revenue agreement are probable of being earned. As there were no direct costs (e.g., costs of goods sold) associated with this incremental collaboration and licensing revenue, the entire $4.5 million contributed to an increase in our reported gross profit, as well as to a 1.6% increase and 0.5% increase in our services gross profit margin and consolidated gross profit margin, respectively.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, gross profit for our Healthcare Solutions segment decreased $13.6 million, or 13.8%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to lower sales to the dental market, including lower printer sales to a key customer, and the decrease in products sales into other markets. This was partially offset by the increase in our services revenue which includes $4.5 million of incremental variable consideration revenue recognized by our Healthcare Solutions segment on a cumulative catch-up basis, upon concluding that additional milestone-based payments related to a collaboration and licensing revenue agreement were probable of being earned. As there were no direct costs (e.g., costs of goods sold) associated with this incremental collaboration and licensing revenue, the entire $4.5 million contributed to an increase in our reported gross profit

Previous wording

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. In doing so, we review and analyze our current cash on hand, the number of days our sales are outstanding, inventory turns, capital expenditure commitments and accounts payable turns. Our cash requirements, excluding acquisitions, primarily consist of funding working capital and capital expenditures. Differences between the amounts of working capital item changes in the cash flow statement and the balance sheet changes for the corresponding items are primarily the result of foreign currency translation adjustments, acquisitions and divestitures.

Current wording

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. In doing so, we review and analyze our current cash on hand, the number of days our sales are outstanding, inventory turns, capital expenditure commitments and accounts payable turns. Our cash requirements, excluding acquisitions, primarily consist of funding working capital and capital expenditures. Differences between the amounts of working capital item changes in the cash flow statement and the balance sheet changes for the corresponding items are primarily the result of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $331.5 million and decreased $237.2 million since December 31, 2022. This decrease resulted primarily from the repayment of long-term debt of $100.6 million, cash used in operations of $80.7 million, acquisitions and other investments, net of cash acquired of $29.2 million, and capital expenditures of $27.2 million.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents totaled $171.3 million and decreased $160.2 million since December 31, 2023. This decrease resulted primarily from the use of $87.2 million for the early extinguishment of long-term debt, cash used in operations of $44.9 million, acquisitions and other investments, net of cash acquired of $3.0 million, and capital expenditures of $16.1 million.

Previous wording

Cash held outside the U.S. at December 31, 2023 was $65.8 million, or 19.8% of total cash and cash equivalents, compared to $58.4 million, or 15.0% of total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022. As our previously unremitted earnings have been subjected to U.S. federal income tax, we expect any repatriation of these earnings to the U.S. would not incur significant federal and state taxes. However, these dividends are subject to foreign withholding taxes that are estimated to result in the Company incurring tax costs in excess of the cost to obtain cash through other means. Cash equivalents are comprised of funds held in money market instruments and are reported at their current carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. We strive to minimize our credit risk by investing primarily in investment grade, liquid instruments and limit exposure to any one issuer depending upon credit quality. See “Cash flow” discussion below.

Current wording

Cash held outside the U.S. at December 31, 2024 was $63.8 million, or 37.3%, of total cash and cash equivalents, compared to $65.8 million, or 19.8%, of total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2023. As our previously unremitted earnings have been subjected to U.S. federal income tax, we expect any repatriation of these earnings to the U.S. would not incur significant federal and state taxes. However, these dividends are subject to foreign withholding taxes that are estimated to result in the Company incurring tax costs in excess of the cost to obtain cash through other means. Cash equivalents are comprised of funds held in money market instruments and are reported at their current carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. We strive to minimize our credit risk by investing primarily in investment grade, liquid instruments and limit exposure to any one issuer depending upon credit quality. See “Cash flow” discussion below.

Previous wording

The Company currently funds its operations — including working capital requirements, capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions — by using cash on hand cash; cash equivalents; cash flow from operations, which can vary widely from quarter to quarter; and financing activities, as necessary. We expect that cash flow from operations, cash and cash equivalents, and other sources of liquidity, such as issuing equity or debt securities, subject to market conditions, will be available and sufficient to meet all foreseeable cash requirements. The following is a summary of the changes in the Company’s cash flows, followed by a brief discussion of these changes:

Current wording

The Company currently funds its operations, including working capital requirements, capital expenditures and investments by using cash on hand; cash equivalents; cash flow from operations, which can vary widely from quarter to quarter; and financing activities, as necessary. We expect that cash flow from operations, cash and cash equivalents, and other sources of liquidity, such as issuing equity or debt securities, subject to market conditions, will be available and sufficient to meet all foreseeable cash requirements. The following is a summary of the changes in the Company’s cash flows, followed by a brief discussion of these changes:

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash provided by investing activities was $124.8 million compared to $308.4 million of cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022. The investing cash inflows in 2023 included sales and maturities of short-term investments of $180.9 million, offset by cash used for acquisitions of $29.2 million and capital expenditures of $27.2 million.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash used in investing activities was $19.0 million compared to $124.8 million of cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023. The investing cash outflows in 2024 included cash used for long-term investments of $3.0 million and capital expenditures of $16.1 million.