Chubb Ltd

Segment Operating Results – Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

We operate through six business segments: North America Commercial P&C Insurance, North America Personal P&C Insurance, North America Agricultural Insurance, Overseas General Insurance, Global Reinsurance, and Life Insurance. For more information on our segments refer to “Segment Information” under Item 1 in our 2024 Form 10-K.

North America Commercial P&C Insurance

The North America Commercial P&C Insurance segment comprises operations that provide P&C insurance and services to large, middle market, and small commercial businesses in the U.S., Canada, and Bermuda. This segment includes our North America Major Accounts and Specialty Insurance division (large corporate accounts and wholesale business), and the North America Commercial Insurance division (principally middle market, and small commercial accounts).

Catastrophe losses were primarily from the following events:

2025: California wildfire losses of $99 million, flooding in the U.S., hail, tornadoes, and wind events.

2024: Flooding in the U.S., hail, tornadoes, wind events, and winter storm losses.

Net premiums written increased $98 million, or 2.1 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, which includes P&C growth of 2.6 percent, partially offset by financial lines decline of 1.3 percent. P&C growth was adversely impacted by 3.5 percentage points due to lower year-over-year structured transactions. The increase in premiums reflects growth of 7.6 percent in the North America Commercial Insurance division, while the North America Major Accounts and Specialty Insurance division declined 1.7 percent, primarily due to lower year-over-year large-structured transactions. The overall increase in premiums was across a number of lines, most notably in primary and excess casualty, reflecting strong new business and rate increases, partially offset by rate decreases in our Large Risk and E&S brokerage property lines, and in our financial lines.

Net premiums earned increased $108 million, or 2.2 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the growth in net premiums written described above.

The combined ratio decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting lower catastrophe losses and higher favorable prior period development.

The CAY combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses decreased 0.7 percentage points for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting a 0.6 percentage point favorable impact of lower year-over-year large-structured transactions which benefited the current year loss ratio, but had a partially offsetting unfavorable impact to the expense ratio, and a higher percentage of net premiums earned from property lines.

North America Personal P&C Insurance

The North America Personal P&C Insurance segment comprises operations that provide high net worth personal lines products, including homeowners and complementary products such as valuable articles, excess liability, automobile, and recreational marine insurance and services in the U.S. and Canada.

Catastrophe losses were primarily from the following events:

2025: California wildfire losses of $1.29 billion, flooding in the U.S., hail, tornadoes, wind events, and winter-related storms.

2024: Winter storm losses, flooding in the U.S., hail, tornadoes, and wind events.

Net premiums written increased $96 million, or 6.6 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, driven by strong new business and retention, and positive rate and exposure increases in all lines. The growth in premiums was partially offset by $50 million of ceded reinstatement premiums related to the California wildfires, a 3.5 percentage point drag on net premiums written growth.

Net premiums earned increased $103 million, or 7.0 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the growth in net premiums written described above.

The combined ratio increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the California wildfire catastrophe losses, including the unfavorable impact of the ceded reinstatement premiums on the expense ratio, which are fully earned and carry no expenses, and lower favorable prior period development.

The CAY combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to an improvement in homeowners and auto from earned rate and exposure exceeding loss trends, and a lower administrative expense ratio primarily due to the impact of higher net premiums earned and strong expense management.

North America Agricultural Insurance

The North America Agricultural Insurance segment comprises our North American based businesses that provide a variety of coverages in the U.S. and Canada including crop insurance, primarily Multiple Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) and crop-hail through Rain and Hail Insurance Service, Inc. (Rain and Hail), as well as farm and ranch and specialty P&C commercial insurance products and services through our Agriculture P&C business.

Catastrophe losses through both March 31, 2025 and 2024, were primarily from flooding in the U.S., hail, tornadoes, wind events, and winter-related storms.

Net premiums written increased $27 million, or 11.0 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to a ceded premium increase of $41 million to the U.S. Government under the profit-sharing formula in the prior year, which impacted growth by 15.6 percentage points, partially offset by lower commodity prices in the current year.

Net premiums earned increased $37 million, or 28.6 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the factors described above.

The combined ratio increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting higher catastrophe losses, and a lower impact from favorable prior period development.

The CAY combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting earned rate exceeding loss trend in our Agriculture P&C business, partially offset by a change in the mix of business away from products that carry a lower policy acquisition cost ratio.

Overseas General Insurance

Overseas General Insurance segment comprises Chubb International and Chubb Global Markets (CGM). Chubb International comprises our international commercial P&C traditional and specialty lines serving large corporations, middle market and small customers; A&H and traditional and specialty personal lines business serving local territories outside the U.S., Bermuda, and Canada. CGM, our London-based international commercial P&C excess and surplus lines business, includes Lloyd's of London (Lloyd's) Syndicate 2488. Chubb provides funds at Lloyd's to support underwriting by Syndicate 2488 which is managed by Chubb Underwriting Agencies Limited.

Catastrophe losses through March 31, 2025 and 2024, were primarily from the following events:

•2025: Storms in Australia, global earthquakes, and California wildfire losses.

•2024: International weather-related events.

(1)Includes the international supplemental A&H business of Combined Insurance and other international operations.

Overall, net premiums written increased $68 million, or $237 million on a constant-dollar basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This growth reflects an increase in commercial lines of 3.6 percent, or 7.3 percent on a constant-dollar basis, while consumer lines declined slightly by 1.1 percent, but grew 5.0 percent on a constant-dollar basis.

Our European division increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, supported by both our wholesale and retail divisions primarily from growth in commercial property lines due to higher new business.

Asia increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting growth in commercial lines due to higher new business, and in consumer lines.

Latin America increased on a constant dollar basis for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting growth in personal lines business, including automobile in Mexico. Commercial lines increased primarily in property lines from positive rate increases.

Net premiums earned increased $11 million, or $153 million on a constant-dollar basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the increase in net premiums written described above.

The combined ratio decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily reflecting higher favorable prior period development, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses. The CAY combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting underlying loss ratio improvement.

Global Reinsurance

The Global Reinsurance segment represents our reinsurance operations comprising Chubb Tempest Re Bermuda, Chubb Tempest Re USA, Chubb Tempest Re International, and Chubb Tempest Re Canada. Global Reinsurance markets its reinsurance products worldwide primarily through reinsurance brokers under the Chubb Tempest Re brand name and provides a broad range of traditional and non-traditional reinsurance coverage to a diverse array of primary P&C companies.

Catastrophe losses through March 31, 2025, were from California wildfire losses.

Net premiums written increased $49 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily reflecting continued growth in new business. Growth was most notably in property and casualty lines, partially offset by a decrease in specialty lines. Net premium written for the three months ended March 31, 2025, also benefited from catastrophe reinstatement premiums.

Net premiums earned increased $73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting the increase in net premiums written described above including catastrophe reinstatement premiums, which were fully earned when written. The increase is also due to the impact of higher new business written in the prior year for which premiums are earned in the current year.

The combined ratio increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily reflecting higher catastrophe losses.

The CAY combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses improved for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to favorable market conditions in property and casualty lines.

Life Insurance

The Life Insurance segment comprises our international life operations, the life and asset management business of Huatai Group, Chubb Tempest Life Re (Chubb Life Re), and the North American supplemental A&H and life business of Combined Insurance.

Net premiums written increased $87 million, or $161 million on a constant-dollar basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

For our international life operations, net premiums written increased 3.5 percent, or 9.1 percent on a constant-dollar basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This growth was primarily due to strong new business in North Asia, notably in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea through broker distribution channels. Additionally, Huatai Group's life insurance business contributed through growth in agency distribution channels.

Net premiums written in our Combined Insurance business increased 17.3 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, due to 34.5 percent growth in worksite business.

Deposits

The following table presents deposits collected on universal life and investment contracts:

Deposits collected on universal life and investment contracts (life deposits) are not reflected as revenues in our Consolidated statements of operations in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, new life deposits are an important component of production, and although they do not significantly affect current period income from operations, they are key to our efforts to grow our business. Life deposits collected increased $155 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily from investment linked products in Taiwan.

Life Insurance segment income

Life Insurance segment income increased $23 million, or $39 million on a constant-dollar basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting strong underwriting margins in A&H products, higher net investment income from growth in assets, and expense management, partially offset by higher new business strain and the absence of higher-than-expected other income totaling $8 million in the prior year period.

Corporate

Corporate results primarily include the results of our non-insurance companies, income and expenses not attributable to reportable segments, loss and loss expenses of asbestos and environmental (A&E) liabilities, certain other non-A&E run-off exposures including molestation, and Huatai Group's non-insurance operations results, comprising real estate and holding company activity.

NM - not meaningful

Integration expenses principally comprised legal and professional fees and all other costs primarily related to acquisitions. These expenses are one-time in nature and are not related to the on-going business activities of the segments. The Chief Executive Officer does not manage segment results or allocate resources to segments when considering these costs and they are therefore excluded from our definition of segment income.

Refer to the respective sections that follow for a discussion of Net realized gains (losses), Net investment income (loss), Amortization of purchased intangibles, and Income tax expense (benefit). Refer to Notes 10 and 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Market risk benefits gains (losses) and Other (income) expense, respectively.