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Match Group Inc

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Feb 27, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Feb 27, 2025

MTCH$39.03-0.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-02-23.

0000891103-24-000014

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-27.

0000891103-25-000027

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 151 previous paragraphs and 176 current paragraphs.

85 unchanged; 48 reworded; 36 added; 17 removed; 1 previous and 7 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 16 previous and 17 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (36)

Current report

•Tinder consists of the world-wide activity of the brand Tinder®.

Current report

•Hinge consists of the world-wide activity of the brand Hinge®.

Current report

•Corporate and unallocated costs includes 1) corporate expenses (such as executive management, investor relations, corporate development, and board of directors and public company listing fees), 2) portions of corporate services (such as legal, human resources, accounting, and tax), and 3) certain centrally managed services and technology that have not been allocated to the individual business segments (such as central trust and safety operations and certain shared software).

Current report

•Variable Expenses consists primarily of hosting fees, credit card processing fees, and rent, energy, and bandwidth costs associated with data centers.

Current report

We manage our portfolio of brands in four business units: Tinder, Hinge, Evergreen and Emerging, and Match Group Asia.

Current report

In 2024, total revenue grew 3%, operating income decreased 10%, and Adjusted Operating Income was flat year-over-year. Revenue growth was primarily due to growth at Hinge, and to a lesser extent Tinder, offset by declines at E&E and MG Asia. Operating income and Adjusted Operating Income were positively affected by the increase in revenue. Operating income declined due to increases in non-cash compensation, impairments of certain intangible assets, and depreciation.

Current report

Tinder Direct Revenue grew $23.0 million, or 1%, in 2024 versus 2023. Revenue growth was negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the Argentine Peso, Turkish Lira, and Japanese Yen, primarily. On a consistent foreign exchange rate basis, the growth was $68.6 million or 4%. Increased Direct Revenue was driven by an increase in RPP of 8% due to subscription pricing optimization, partially offset by decreases in á la carte revenue. The increase in RPP was partially offset by a 7% decrease in Payers.

Current report

Hinge Direct Revenue grew $154.0 million, or 39%, in 2024 versus 2023. Revenue growth was driven by both growth in the U.S. market as well as continued expansion efforts in certain European markets. Payers increased 23% compared to 2023. Additionally, RPP increased 13% over 2023 primarily due to pricing optimizations and increased spend on á la carte features.

Current report

E&E Direct Revenue declined 7% in 2024 versus 2023. Within E&E, Evergreen brands declined 12%, while Emerging brands grew 17%. The overall decline at E&E was driven by a decline in Payers of 13% compared to 2023, partially offset by increased RPP of 7%. Our decision to terminate certain live streaming services in the second half of 2024 also contributed to the revenue decline compared to 2023.

Current report

MG Asia Direct Revenue declined $18.7 million, or 6%, in 2024 versus 2023. Excluding revenue from Hakuna, which was shut down in the third quarter of 2024, MG Asia revenue declined $7.7 million or 3%. Revenue growth was also negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the Turkish Lira and Japanese Yen, primarily. On a consistent foreign exchange basis, Direct Revenue grew $7.5 million, or 2%, year-over-year as a result of Payer growth at Azar partially offset by modest Payer declines at Pairs.

Current report

Indirect Revenue increased $5.0 million primarily due to higher ad impressions as well as higher rates per ad impression compared to 2023.

Current report

Cost of revenue increased 4% primarily due to an increase in in-app purchase fees of $49.9 million primarily at Hinge as revenue increased and as a result of escrow payments returned in the prior year associated with the Google litigation, which are included in Corporate and Unallocated costs. The increase in in-app purchase fees was partially offset by a decrease in Variable Expenses of $13.9 million primarily at E&E and MG Asia as a result of the termination of certain of our live streaming services and the Hakuna app in 2024. Total in-app purchase fees were $696.6 million in 2024.

Current report

Cost of revenue decreased 1% primarily due to a decrease in Variable Expenses of $20.9 million, primarily related to costs associated with our live streaming services within MG Asia, and a decrease in employee compensation expense of $6.4 million, primarily within Corporate and Unallocated costs and Tinder. The decreases in Variable Expenses and employee compensation expense were partially offset by an increase in in-app purchase fees of $24.2 million, primarily at Tinder and Hinge, partially offset by the benefit from the escrow payments returned in 2023 associated with the Google litigation, which are included in Corporate and Unallocated costs. Total in-app purchase fees were $646.7 million and $622.5 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Current report

Selling and marketing expense increased primarily due to higher cost of acquisition expense of $27.2 million primarily at Hinge and Tinder, partially offset by decreases at E&E and MG Asia.

Current report

Selling and marketing expense increased primarily due to higher cost of acquisition expense of $44.7 million primarily at Tinder and Hinge, partially offset by decreases at E&E and MG Asia.

Current report

General and administrative expense increased primarily due to an increase in digital sales taxes of $11.1 million, the majority of which relates to Canada’s implementation of a digital sales tax in June 2024 retroactive to 2022. Additionally, employee compensation expense increased $8.3 million and stock-based compensation expense increased $5.0 million across all segments and within Corporate and Unallocated costs.

Current report

Product development expense increased primarily due to increases in employee compensation expense of $24.5 million and stock-based compensation expense of $26.3 million, both due to increased headcount at Hinge and Tinder, partially offset by a decrease at E&E.

Current report

Depreciation was higher in 2024 as compared to 2023 primarily due to internally developed software at Tinder, MG Asia, and E&E.

Current report

Impairments and amortization of intangibles increased primarily due to impairments of intangible assets of $30.6 million at E&E and MG Asia as a result of the termination of certain of our live streaming services and our Hakuna app in 2024.

Current report

Operating income decreased 10% or $93.6 million, and Adjusted Operating Income was relatively flat compared to 2023. Operating income and Adjusted Operated Income each benefited from the increase in revenue of $114.9 million, which was driven by growth at Hinge, offset by increased (i) cost of revenue, primarily due to increased in-app purchase fees as revenue at Hinge increased and as a result of returned escrow payments associated with the Google litigation in the prior year, (ii) selling and marketing expense, primarily due to increased cost of acquisition expense, (iii) general and administrative expense, primarily due to increased digital sales taxes, and (iv) product development expense, primarily due to increased employee compensation expense. Operating income was further impacted by increased (i) stock-based compensation expense of $35.3 million, primarily due to increased headcount within product development at Tinder and Hinge, (ii) impairments and amortization of intangible assets of $26.4 million, primarily related to impairments at MG Asia and E&E in 2024, and (iii) depreciation of $25.7 million, primarily related to internally developed software at Tinder, MG Asia, and E&E.

Current report

Interest expense remained relatively flat as compared to the prior year.

Current report

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax provision from continuing operations of $152.7 million at an effective tax rate of 22%, which is higher than the statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and nondeductible stock-based compensation, partially offset by a lower tax rate on U.S. income derived from foreign sources and research credits.

Current report

The following table reconciles operating income (loss) to Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) for the Company’s reportable segments and at a consolidated level:

Current report

(a)The maturity date of the Credit Facility is the earlier of (x) March 20, 2029 and (y) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the Term Loan or the existing senior notes due 2027, 2028, or 2029, or any new indebtedness used to refinance the Term Loan or such senior notes that matures prior to the date that is 91 days after March 20, 2029, in each case if and only if at least $250 million in aggregate principal amount of such debt is outstanding on such date.

Current report

Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations in 2024 includes adjustments to earnings consisting primarily of $267.4 million of stock-based compensation expense; $87.5 million of depreciation; $74.2 million of impairments and amortization of intangibles; deferred income taxes of $15.0 million; and other adjustments of $2.0 million, which includes amortization of deferred financing costs of $6.5 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital primarily consists of a decrease in deferred revenue of $43.1 million as weekly subscriptions have increased and an increase in accounts receivable of $29.8 million primarily related to the timing of receipts and an increase in revenue from app stores. These decreases in cash were partially offset by an increase from other assets of $25.3 million, primarily related to amortization of certain assets, and an increase in income taxes payable of $22.2 million due to the timing of tax payments.

Current report

Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations in 2024 consists primarily of capital expenditures of $50.6 million that are primarily related to internal development of software and purchases of computer hardware.

Current report

Net cash used in financing activities attributable to continuing operations in 2024 is primarily due to purchases of treasury stock of $752.7 million and payments of $11.4 million of withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees for net-settled stock-based awards. These uses of cash were partially offset by $13.6 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards.

Current report

On January 21, 2025, the Company repaid the Term Loan in full utilizing cash on hand.

Current report

Beginning mid-January 2025, the Company settles substantially all equity awards on a net basis. Assuming all equity awards outstanding on January 31, 2025 were net settled at the closing price on that date, we would issue 8.5 million shares of common stock (of which 0.6 million are related to vested awards and 7.9 million are related to unvested awards) and, assuming a 50% withholding rate, would remit $302.5 million in cash for withholding taxes (of which $20.7 million is related to vested awards and $281.8 million is related to unvested awards). If we did not settle awards on a net basis and instead issued a sufficient number of shares to cover the $302.5 million employee withholding tax obligation, 8.5 million additional shares would be issued by the Company.

Current report

When the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit’s goodwill is necessary; otherwise, a quantitative assessment is performed to further assess if any goodwill impairment exists.

Current report

As a result of the change to our operating segments in the third quarter of 2024, we reassessed our reporting units and determined that the four operating segments are also our reporting units for the purpose of evaluating goodwill for impairment. The Company re-allocated goodwill to each of the four reporting units based on their relative fair values as of September 30, 2024. This change in reporting units is considered a triggering event that requires a goodwill impairment assessment to be performed immediately before and after the change. There was no goodwill impairment identified in either the before or after impairment tests. In measuring the estimated fair value of each operating unit, the Company used a combination of an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, a discounted cash flow analysis is performed with assumptions and estimates of forecast operating cash flows, including revenue growth rates, profitability margins, and discount rates, which all vary among reporting units. The market approach utilizes the guideline public companies method and is based on revenue and earnings multiple data derived from publicly traded peer group companies.

Current report

During the third quarter ended September 30, 2024, in connection with our decision to terminate certain of our live streaming services and our Hakuna app, we recognized impairment charges of $28.7 million related to indefinite-lived intangible assets in the Match Group Asia and Evergreen & Emerging segments. For certain assets with no remaining cash flows, the Company fully impaired the asset. For assets with remaining cash flows, the Company conducted discounted cash flow valuations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized impairment charges of $244.3 million in the Match Group Asia segment related to the Azar and Hakuna brands at Hyperconnect, $43.9 million in the Evergreen & Emerging segment related to the Meetic and Match brands in Europe, and $5.5 million in the Evergreen & Emerging segment related to certain Affinity brands in the U.S., all of which are included within “Impairment and amortization of intangibles” in the consolidated statement of operations.
Removed paragraphs (17)

Previous report

•Americas includes North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean islands.

Previous report

•Europe includes continental Europe, the British Isles, Iceland, Greenland, and Russia (ceased operations in June 2023), but excludes Turkey (which is included in APAC and Other).

Previous report

•APAC and Other includes Asia, Australia, the Pacific islands, the Middle East, and Africa.

Previous report

•2022 Exchangeable Notes - The 0.875% Exchangeable Senior Notes issued by Match Group FinanceCo, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, which were settled prior to December 31, 2022 and are no longer outstanding.

Previous report

As used herein, “Match Group,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar terms refer to Match Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Previous report

In 2023, total revenue grew 6%, operating income increased 78%, and Adjusted Operating Income grew 11% year-over-year. Revenue growth was primarily due to strong growth at Tinder and Hinge. Operating income and Adjusted Operating Income were positively affected by the increase in revenue and decreases in general and administrative expenses primarily related to decreases in legal and other professional fees. Those positive effects were partially offset by increases in selling and marketing spend at Tinder and Hinge and increases in product development expense primarily due to an increase in compensation expense. Operating income further benefited from decreases in impairment and amortization expense compared to 2022, during which there was an impairment of certain intangible assets. That benefit was partially offset by increased stock-based compensation expense primarily due to new stock-based awards granted during the year.

Previous report

Americas Direct Revenue grew $115.5 million, or 7%, in 2023 versus 2022, driven by 15% growth in RPP, partially offset by a 7% decrease in Payers. RPP growth was driven by both higher average prices paid for subscriptions at Tinder due to pricing optimizations and the introduction of weekly subscription offerings. Additionally, we saw increased average prices paid by subscribers at Hinge and increased average á la carte purchases per Payer at Tinder. The decrease in Payers was primarily driven by decreases at Tinder due to pricing optimizations, as well as decreases in Payers at Match and OkCupid, partially offset by increased Payers at Hinge.

Previous report

Europe Direct Revenue grew $84.5 million, or 10%, in 2023 versus 2022, driven by 13% growth in RPP, partially offset by a 3% decrease in Payers. RPP growth was driven by higher average prices paid for subscriptions at Tinder and Hinge. Additionally, we saw increased average á la carte purchases per Payer at Tinder. RPP growth was favorably impacted by the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro compared to 2022. The decrease in Payers was primarily due to decreases at Tinder and Meetic, partially offset by increases at Hinge.

Previous report

APAC and Other Direct Revenue decreased $22.1 million, or 3%, in 2023 versus 2022, primarily due to a 3% decrease in RPP, which was unfavorably impacted by the strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the Japanese Yen and Turkish Lira.

Previous report

Cost of revenue decreased 1% primarily due to a decrease in live video costs of $22.6 million, a decrease in employee compensation of $6.4 million, and net decreases in other expenses of $8.3 million, all of which were partially offset by an increase in in-app purchase fees of $24.2 million and an increase in hosting fees of $7.1 million. In-app fees were $646.7 million in 2023.

Previous report

Selling and marketing expense increased primarily due to higher marketing spend at Tinder, Hinge, and certain Emerging brands, partially offset by lower marketing spend at a number of our other brands.

Previous report

Other income, net, in 2023 includes interest income of $26.8 million, partially offset by $7.9 million in net foreign currency losses.

Previous report

Other income, net, in 2022 includes interest income of $4.4 million, gains of $3.5 million related to finalization of a legal settlement, and gains of $2.7 million related to mark-to-market adjustments pertaining to liability classified equity instruments. These items were partially offset by $2.0 million in net foreign currency losses.

Previous report

The following table reconciles net earnings attributable to Match Group, Inc. shareholders to operating income and Adjusted Operating Income:

Previous report

The Company has a negative carrying value for the Company’s annual goodwill test at both October 1, 2023 and 2022. Additionally, an impairment test of goodwill was not necessary because there were no factors identified that would indicate an impairment loss. The Company continued to have a negative carrying value at December 31, 2023.
Reworded paragraphs (48)

Previous wording

•Evergreen & Emerging (“E&E”) consists primarily of the brands Match®, Meetic®, OkCupid®, Plenty Of Fish®, and BLK®.

Current wording

•Evergreen & Emerging (“E&E”) consists of the world-wide activity of our Evergreen brands, which include Match®, Meetic®, OkCupid®, Plenty Of Fish®, and a number of demographically focused brands, and our Emerging brands, which include BLK®, Chispa™, The League®, Archer®, Upward®, Yuzu™, and other smaller brands.

Previous wording

•Match Group Asia (“MG Asia”) consists of the brands primarily focused on Asia and the Middle East including Pairs™ and Azar®.

Current wording

•Match Group Asia (“MG Asia”) consists of the world-wide activity of the brands primarily focused on Asia and the Middle East, including Pairs™ and Azar®, which has expanded into Europe and the U.S.

Previous wording

•Payers are unique users at a brand level in a given month from whom we earned Direct Revenue. When presented as a quarter-to-date or year-to-date value, Payers represents the average of the monthly values for the respective period presented. At a consolidated level, duplicate Payers may exist when we earn revenue from the same individual at multiple brands in a given month, as we are unable to identify unique individuals across brands in the Match Group portfolio.

Current wording

•Payers are unique users at a brand level in a given month from whom we earned Direct Revenue. When presented as a quarter-to-date or year-to-date value, Payers represents the average of the monthly values for the respective period presented. At a consolidated level, and a business unit level to the extent a business unit consists of multiple brands, duplicate Payers may exist when we earn revenue from the same individual at multiple brands in a given month, as we are unable to identify unique individuals across brands in the Match Group portfolio.

Previous wording

•Selling and marketing expense -consists primarily of advertising expenditures and compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in selling and marketing, and sales support functions. Advertising expenditures includes online marketing, including fees paid to search engines and social media sites, offline marketing, and production of advertising content.

Current wording

•Selling and marketing expense consists primarily of cost of acquisition expense, employee compensation expense, and stock-based compensation expense for personnel engaged in selling and marketing, sales support, and public relations functions.

Previous wording

•General and administrative expense -consists primarily of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in executive management, finance, legal, tax and human resources, fees for professional services (including transaction-related costs for acquisitions), and facilities costs.

Current wording

•General and administrative expense consists primarily of employee compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense for personnel engaged in executive management, finance, legal, tax, and human resources, fees for professional services (including transaction-related costs for acquisitions), and facilities costs.

Previous wording

•Product development expense -consists primarily of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs that are not capitalized for personnel engaged in the design, development, testing, and enhancement of service offerings and related technology.

Current wording

•Product development expense consists primarily of employee compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense that are not capitalized for personnel engaged in the design, development, testing, and enhancement of product offerings and related technology.

Previous wording

•Cost of revenue -consists primarily of the amortization of in-app purchase fees, hosting fees, compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in data center and customer care functions, live video costs, credit card processing fees, and data center rent, energy, and bandwidth costs. In-app purchase fees are monies paid to Apple and Google in connection with the processing of in-app purchases of subscriptions and service features through the in-app payment systems provided by Apple and Google.

Current wording

•In-app purchase fees consists of the amortization of in-app purchase fees, which are monies paid to Apple and Google in connection with the processing of in-app purchases of subscriptions and service features through the in-app payment systems provided by Apple and Google.

Previous wording

•Credit Facility - The revolving credit facility under the credit agreement of MG Holdings II. At December 31, 2023, there was $0.4 million outstanding in letters of credit and $749.6 million of availability under the Credit Facility.

Current wording

•Credit Facility - The revolving credit facility under the credit agreement of MG Holdings II. On March 20, 2024, we entered into an amendment to reduce the borrowing availability under the Credit Facility from $750 million to $500 million and extend the maturity date of the Credit Facility. At December 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million outstanding in letters of credit and $499.4 million of availability under the Credit Facility.

Previous wording

•Term Loan- The term loan facility under the credit agreement of MG Holdings II. At December 31, 2022, the Term Loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.75% and the then applicable rate was 6.49%. Effective June 30, 2023, we entered into an amendment to replace the LIBOR rate with a term secured overnight financing rate plus an applicable adjustment (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) for future repricing events under the Term Loan. As of December 31, 2023, $425 million was outstanding under the Term Loan, which bore interest at 7.27% based on the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.75%.

Current wording

•Term Loan- The term loan facility under the credit agreement of MG Holdings II. At December 31, 2023, the Term Loan bore interest at a term secured overnight financing rate plus an applicable adjustment (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) plus 1.75% and the then applicable rate was 7.27%. As of December 31, 2024, $425 million was outstanding under the Term Loan, which bore interest at 6.22%. On January 21, 2025, we repaid the Term Loan in full utilizing cash on hand.

Previous wording

•Adjusted Operating Income- is a Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the definition of Adjusted Operating Income and a reconciliation of net earnings attributable to Match Group, Inc. shareholders to operating income and Adjusted Operating Income.

Current wording

•Adjusted Operating Income- is a Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the definition of Adjusted Operating Income and a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted Operating Income.

Previous wording

Subscription revenue is presented net of credits and credit card chargebacks. Payers who purchase subscriptions or à la carte features pay in advance, primarily by using a credit card or through mobile app stores, and, subject to certain conditions identified in our terms and conditions, all purchases are final and nonrefundable. Fees collected, or contractually due, in advance for subscriptions are deferred and recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which primarily ranges from one week to six months, and corresponding in-app purchase fees incurred on such transactions, if any, are deferred and expensed over the same period. Revenue from the purchase of à la carte features is recognized based on usage. We also earn revenue from online advertising, which is recognized every time an ad is displayed.

Current wording

Subscription revenue is presented net of credits and credit card chargebacks. Payers who purchase subscriptions or à la carte features pay in advance, primarily by using a credit card or through mobile app stores, and, subject to certain conditions identified in our terms and conditions, all purchases are final and nonrefundable. Fees collected, or contractually due, in advance for subscriptions are deferred and recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which primarily ranges from one week to six months, and corresponding in-app purchase fees incurred on such transactions, if any, are deferred and expensed over the same period. Revenue from the purchase of à la carte features is recognized based on usage. We also earn revenue from online advertising, which is recognized each time an ad is displayed.

Previous wording

In-App Purchase Fees. Purchases made by our customers through mobile applications, as opposed to desktop or mobile web, continue to increase, and are required in most cases to be processed through the in-app payment systems provided by Apple and Google. Where we are required to use Apple’s or Google’s payment systems, we pay Apple and Google, as applicable, a meaningful share (generally 30% or, for subscriptions purchased on Android devices, 15%) of the revenue we receive from these transactions. Where payments on Android devices are processed through other payment systems, we are also required to pay Google a meaningful share of our revenue. However we have entered into a partnership with Google that will provide value exchange across our broad relationship with them, which we expect to help offset the additional costs that our brands expect to incur over the three years starting in 2024 associated with implementing Google’s User Choice Billing system, which allows application developers to offer an additional billing system alongside Google Play’s billing system. Additionally, while Apple was recently forced to change its rules in the U.S. marketplace on anti-steering to allow for payment processing outside its payment systems, Apple has stated that it will still charge up to 27% for those transactions. We do not expect to realize any meaningful decrease in app store fees in the U.S. market as a result of this change. In the EU, the Digital Markets Act is set to go into effect in March 2024. Apple has submitted its plan for compliance, which would lower the 30% service fee in the EU to 17% for our applications, but would also add a payment processing fee of 3%, as well as a 0.50 Euro fee per download (including updates) per year. Apple’s plan is subject to approval by EU regulators. For additional information, see “Item 1 Business—Dependencies on services provided by others—App Stores.”

Current wording

In-App Purchase Fees. Purchases made by our customers through mobile applications, as opposed to desktop or mobile web, continue to increase, and are required in most cases to be processed through the in-app payment systems provided by Apple and Google, although some of our applications are currently able to use their own payment systems for in-app purchases made on Android devices. Where we are required to use Apple’s or Google’s payment systems, we pay Apple and Google, as applicable, a meaningful share (generally 30% or, for subscriptions purchased on Android devices, 15%) of the revenue we receive from these transactions. Where payments on Android devices are processed through other payment systems, we are also required to pay Google a meaningful share. We have entered into a partnership, which started in the second quarter of 2024 and will continue through the first quarter of 2027, with Google that will provide value exchange across our broad relationship with them, which we expect to help offset the additional costs that some of our brands incurred or expect to incur associated with implementing Google’s User Choice Billing system, which allows application developers to offer an additional billing system alongside Google Play’s billing system.

Previous wording

Implementing new technologies that enhance our user experience. We expect new technologies, including those utilizing generative AI, to continue to drive user engagement. As new technologies develop we evaluate whether those technologies can be incorporated into our apps to enhance the user experience. We are planning to further integrate AI technologies into our services, which integrations may become important to our operations over time. The rapid evolution of AI will require the dedication of significant resources to develop, test, and maintain these technologies. We expect other technologies to evolve and be tested in our services and incorporated into our apps in the future.

Current wording

Implementing new technologies that enhance our user experience. We expect new technologies, including those utilizing generative AI, will be needed to continue to drive user engagement. As new technologies develop, we evaluate whether those technologies can be incorporated into our apps to enhance the user experience. In particular, we are working to further integrate AI technologies into our services, such as the recent launch of several AI integration initiatives, including the introduction of AI photo selection features to the Tinder and Hinge services, and an enhanced recommendation system, as well as integrated dating support, to the Hinge service. These integrations, and others that may be launched in the future, may become important to our operations over time. The rapid evolution of AI will require the dedication of significant resources to develop, test, and maintain these technologies. We expect other technologies to evolve and be tested in our services and incorporated into our apps in the future.

Previous wording

Tinder. When Tinder was first developed, the smart phone provided a unique way of offering connections that traditional desktop-based services did not offer. Tinder was able to capitalize on the rise in the use of smart phones and with its younger audience was able to achieve considerable scale through word-of-mouth and viral moments on social media without the need to supplement with significant brand marketing. As the availability of services catering to human connections has increased, we have begun to supplement Tinder’s viral growth with brand marketing to build out Tinder’s brand narrative and grow the size of its user base, which has resulted in an increase in selling and marketing expense at Tinder. Recently, Tinder has experienced a decline in user growth, with plans to return to growth with product initiatives that focus on the female experience and younger users.

Current wording

Tinder. When Tinder was first developed, the smart phone provided a unique way of offering connections that traditional desktop-based services did not offer. Tinder was able to capitalize on the rise in the use of smart phones and with its younger audience was able to achieve considerable scale through word-of-mouth and viral moments on social media without the need to supplement with significant marketing. As the availability of services catering to human connections has increased, we have begun to supplement Tinder’s viral growth with marketing to build out Tinder’s brand narrative and grow the size of its user base, which has resulted in an increase in selling and marketing expenses at Tinder. In the past two years, Tinder has experienced a decline in user growth, with plans to return to growth through product initiatives that focus on the female experience and younger users.

Previous wording

Hinge. Hinge has developed a strong user base in English speaking markets and began expanding into European markets in the latter half of 2022. Its strong user growth in English speaking and other European markets has helped to contribute to a high level of revenue growth, which we expect will continue into the coming years. As Hinge continues to expand its footprint globally, we intend to continue to focus on adding new features to its service to continue to drive user satisfaction for its target audience of intentioned daters, and to drive additional opportunities for monetization. In the near term, we expect to continue to make investments in the business to support this growth, including investments in product development as well as brand marketing.

Current wording

Hinge. Hinge has developed a strong user base in English speaking markets and began expanding into European markets in the latter half of 2022. Its strong user growth in English speaking and other European markets has helped to contribute to a high level of revenue growth. As Hinge continues to expand its footprint globally, we intend to continue to focus on adding new features to its service to continue to drive user satisfaction for its target audience of intentioned daters, and to drive additional opportunities for monetization. In the near term, we expect to continue to make investments in the business to support Hinge’s growth, including investments in product development as well as marketing.

Previous wording

Evergreen & Emerging. Our collections of brands within E&E include well-known pioneers in online relationships (which we refer to as Evergreen brands) and newer bets which target specific demographics (which we refer to as Emerging brands). Revenues from the Evergreen brands have declined in recent years, while Emerging brands are in the early stages of growth and in many cases are relying on marketing to increase the size of their user base. In 2023, we began a multi-year process of consolidating technology platforms across various Evergreen brands to enable faster feature releases and to reduce the cost to further develop and maintain those platforms.

Current wording

Evergreen & Emerging. Our collections of brands within E&E include well-known pioneers in online relationships (which we refer to as Evergreen brands) and newer brands which target specific demographics (which we refer to as Emerging brands). Revenues from the Evergreen brands have declined in recent years, while Emerging brands are in the early stages of growth and in many cases are relying on marketing to increase the size of their user base. We are in the middle of our multi-year process of consolidating technology platforms across various Evergreen and Emerging brands to enable faster new feature releases and to reduce the cost to maintain those platforms.

Previous wording

MG Asia. The focus of the MG Asia brands has primarily been to serve various Asian and Middle Eastern markets. Plans to grow revenue include further expansion by certain brands into the European and U.S. markets. In Japan, our Pairs brand recently won approval to begin advertising on television. While the results of that advertising are still preliminary, early signs have been encouraging. We expect the advertising to increase Pairs’ brand recognition while we work to grow users through various product initiatives and by partnering with local government to improve declining marriage rates in the country. Our Azar app, which provides one to one video chat, has a strong presence in Asia and the Middle East and is expanding in Europe and to the U.S. Our Hakuna app provides live streaming services primarily in Korea and Japan.

Current wording

MG Asia. Our Azar app, which provides one to one video chat, has a strong presence in the Middle East, growth in Europe, and expanded into the U.S. in 2024. Azar leverages AI capabilities to drive user growth and monetization globally. Our Pairs brand is a leader in dating in Japan. Pairs began advertising on television in 2024. We expect the advertising to continue to increase Pairs’ brand recognition while we work to grow users through various product initiatives and by partnering with local governments to improve declining marriage rates in the country. Pairs also has plans to expand into other Asian countries in 2025.

Previous wording

Advertising spend. Our advertising spend, which is included in our selling and marketing expense, has consistently been one of our larger operating expenses. How we deploy our advertising spend varies among brands, with the majority of our advertising spend taking place online, including social media sites, streaming services, search engines, and influencers. Additionally, some brands utilize out-of-home marketing campaigns, such as on television and outdoor billboards. For established brands, we seek to optimize for total return on advertising spend by frequently analyzing and adjusting spend to focus on marketing channels and markets that generate returns above our thresholds. Our data-driven approach provides us the flexibility to scale and optimize our advertising spend. We spend advertising dollars against an expected lifetime value of a Payer that is realized over a multi-year period. While this advertising spend is intended to be profitable on that basis, it is nearly always negative during the period in which the expense is incurred. For newer brands that are gaining scale, or existing brands that are expanding into new geographies, we may make incremental advertising investments to establish the brand before optimizing monetization of the brand. In general, our more established brands spend a higher proportion of their revenue on advertising while our newer brands spend a lower proportion and tend to rely more on word of mouth and other viral marketing. Our advertising spend may be incurred unevenly throughout the year.

Current wording

Cost of Acquisition. Our cost of acquisition has consistently been one of our larger operating expenses. How we deploy our advertising spend varies among brands, with the majority of our advertising spend taking place online, including social media sites, streaming services, search engines, and influencers. Additionally, some brands utilize offline and out-of-home marketing campaigns, such as on television and outdoor billboards. For established brands, we seek to optimize for total return on advertising spend by frequently analyzing and adjusting spend to focus on marketing channels and markets that generate returns above our thresholds. Our data-driven approach provides us the flexibility to scale and optimize our advertising spend. We spend advertising dollars against an expected lifetime value of a Payer that is realized over a multi-year period. While this advertising spend is intended to be profitable on that basis, it is nearly always negative during the period in which the expense is incurred. For newer brands that are gaining scale, or existing brands that are expanding into new geographies, we may make incremental advertising investments to establish the brand before optimizing monetization of the brand. Our advertising spend may be incurred unevenly throughout the year.

Previous wording

International markets. Our services are available across the world. Our international revenue represented 54% and 55% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We vary our pricing to align with local market conditions and our international businesses typically earn revenue in local currencies. As foreign currency exchange rates change, translation of the statement of operations of our international businesses into U.S. dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.

Current wording

International markets. Our services are available across the world. Our international revenue represented 54% of our total revenue for both years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We vary our pricing to align with local market conditions and our international businesses typically earn revenue in local currencies. As foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, translation of the statement of operations of our international businesses into U.S. dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.

Previous wording

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with “Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” For a discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023.

Current wording

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with “Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Previous wording

Tinder Direct Revenue grew 7% in 2023 versus 2022, driven by growth in RPP due to pricing optimizations in the U.S. market and new weekly subscription offerings, partially offset by a decrease in Payers partially attributed to the pricing optimizations.

Current wording

Tinder Direct Revenue grew 7% in 2023 versus 2022, driven by growth in RPP due to pricing optimizations in the U.S. market and new weekly subscription offerings, partially offset by a decrease in Payers partially attributable to the pricing optimizations.

Previous wording

General and administrative expense declined primarily due to a decrease in legal and other professional fees of $25.5 million and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $7.6 million due to forfeitures of equity awards and modification of certain stock-based awards in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in employee compensation of $15.7 million.

Current wording

General and administrative expense declined primarily due to a decrease in legal and other professional fees of $25.5 million within Corporate and Unallocated costs and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $7.6 million due to forfeitures of equity awards and modification of certain stock-based awards in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in employee compensation expense of $15.7 million, primarily within Corporate and Unallocated costs.

Previous wording

Product development expense increased primarily due to an increase in compensation expense of $52.0 million, including stock-based compensation, due to increased headcount at both Hinge and Tinder.

Current wording

Product development expense increased primarily due to increases in employee compensation expense of $18.3 million and stock-based compensation expense of $33.7 million, both due to increased headcount at both Hinge and Tinder.

Previous wording

Depreciation was higher in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to an increase in internally developed software placed in service.

Current wording

Depreciation was higher in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to an increase in internally developed software placed in service at Tinder and MG Asia.

Previous wording

Impairments and amortization of intangibles decreased primarily due to impairments of both indefinite-lived intangible assets and definite-lived intangible assets in the prior period.

Current wording

Impairments and amortization of intangibles decreased primarily due to impairments of both indefinite-lived intangible assets and definite-lived intangible assets in the prior period primarily at MG Asia.

Previous wording

For a reconciliation of net earnings attributable to Match Group, Inc. shareholders to operating income and Adjusted Operating Income, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Current wording

For a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted Operating Income, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, there was $368.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all stock-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, there was $359.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all stock-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.8 years.

Previous wording

Interest expense increased primarily due to a higher interest rate on the Term Loan in the current period.

Current wording

Interest expense increased primarily due to a higher interest rate on the Term Loan in 2023 as compared to the prior year.

Previous wording

A number of countries are actively drafting legislation to implement the OECD international tax framework, including the Pillar II minimum tax regime with effect from January 1, 2024 or later. The Company is continuing to monitor these developments and any potential impact on its results of operations.

Current wording

A number of countries have enacted or are actively drafting legislation to implement the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's ("OECD") international tax framework, including the Pillar II minimum tax regime. The Company analyzed the impact of enacted legislation and determined it does not have a material impact to the income tax provision. The Company is continuing to monitor future developments.

Previous wording

Stock-based compensation expense consists principally of expense associated with the grants of stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based RSUs, and market-based awards. These expenses are not paid in cash, and we include the related shares in our fully diluted shares outstanding using the treasury stock method; however, performance-based RSUs and market-based awards are included only to the extent the applicable performance or market condition(s) have been met (assuming the end of the reporting period is the end of the contingency period). To the extent stock-based awards are settled on a net basis, we remit the required tax-withholding amounts from current funds.

Current wording

Stock-based compensation expense consists principally of expense associated with the grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based RSUs, and market-based awards. These expenses are not paid in cash, and we include the related shares in our fully diluted shares outstanding using the treasury stock method; however, performance-based RSUs and market-based awards are included only to the extent the applicable performance or market condition(s) have been met (assuming the end of the reporting period is the end of the contingency period). To the extent stock-based awards are settled on a net basis, we remit the required tax-withholding amounts from current funds.

Previous wording

The following tables present the impact of foreign exchange effects on total revenue and Direct Revenue by geographic region, and RPP on a total basis and by geographic region, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022:

Current wording

The following tables present the impact of foreign exchange effects on total revenue and Direct Revenue by segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

Previous wording

$26.6 million; and other adjustments of $9.9 million, which includes amortization of deferred financing costs of $6.5 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital primarily consists of an increase in accounts receivable of $107.4 million primarily related to the timing of receipts and an increase in revenue from app stores, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $41.2 million as weekly subscriptions have increased. These decreases in cash were partially offset by an increase to working capital from other assets of $25.1 million.

Current wording

Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations in 2023 includes adjustments to earnings consisting primarily of $232.1 million of stock-based compensation expense; $61.8 million of depreciation; $47.7 million of impairments and amortization of intangibles; deferred income taxes of $26.6 million; and other adjustments of $9.9 million, which includes amortization of deferred financing costs of $6.5 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital primarily consists of an increase in accounts receivable of $107.4 million primarily related to the timing of receipts and an increase in revenue from app stores, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $41.2 million as weekly subscriptions have increased. These decreases in cash were partially offset by an increase from other assets of $25.1 million.

Previous wording

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are its cash and cash equivalents as well as cash flows generated from operations. At December 31, 2023, $749.6 million was available under the Credit Facility that expires on February 13, 2025.

Current wording

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are its cash and cash equivalents as well as cash flows generated from operations. At December 31, 2024, $499.4 million was available under the Credit Facility.

Previous wording

The Company anticipates that it will need to make capital and other expenditures in connection with the development and expansion of its operations. The Company expects that 2024 cash capital expenditures will be between $55 million and $65 million, relatively flat to 2023 cash capital expenditures.

Current wording

The Company anticipates that it will need to make capital and other expenditures in connection with the development and expansion of its operations. The Company expects that 2025 cash capital expenditures will be between $45 million and $50 million, flat to 2024 cash capital expenditures.

Previous wording

We have entered into various purchase commitments, primarily consisting of web hosting services that are currently committed through December 2026. Our obligations under these various purchase commitments, which were impacted by usage rates in 2023, are $103.2 million for 2024, $85.0 million for 2025, and $14.2 million for 2026.

Current wording

We have entered into various purchase commitments, primarily consisting of web hosting services that are currently committed through January 2028. Our obligations under these various purchase commitments, which were impacted by usage rates in 2024, are $68.6 million for 2025, $8.7 million for 2026, $9.8 million for 2027, and $9.0 million for 2028.

Previous wording

On January 30, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program (the “2024 Share Repurchase Program”) for the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion in aggregate value of shares of Match Group stock. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program replaces the 2023 Share Repurchase Program. Under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, shares of our common stock may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time.

Current wording

In January 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program of up to $1.0 billion in aggregate value of shares of Match Group stock (the “January Share Repurchase Program”). On December 10, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized a new repurchase program of up to $1.5 billion in aggregate value of shares of Match Group common stock (the “December Share Repurchase Program”). The December Share Repurchase Program will take effect when the January Share Repurchase Program, of which $247 million in aggregate value of shares of Match Group common stock remains available as of December 31, 2024, is exhausted. Under both the January and December Share Repurchase Programs, shares of our common stock may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Both the January and December Share Repurchase Programs may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time. During the year ended

Previous wording

In May 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”) to repurchase up to 12.5 million shares of our common stock. On April 28, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2023 Share Repurchase Program”) for the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion in aggregate value of shares of Match Group stock, which replaced the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased 13.5 million shares for $546.2 million, on a trade date basis, under the 2022 and 2023 Share Repurchase Programs.

Current wording

December 31, 2024, we repurchased 22.2 million shares for $752.7 million under the January Share Repurchase Program.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, all of the Company’s international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, most of the Company’s international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences.

Previous wording

Goodwill is the Company’s largest asset with a carrying value of $2.3 billion at each of December 31, 2023 and 2022, representing 52% and 56%, respectively, of the Company’s total assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, which consist of certain of the Company’s acquired trade names and trademarks, have a carrying value of $183.1 million and $189.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Current wording

Goodwill is the Company’s largest asset with a carrying value of $2.3 billion at each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, representing 52% of the Company’s total assets on both dates. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, which consist of certain of the Company’s acquired trade names and trademarks, have a carrying value of $96.9 million and $183.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Previous wording

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment as of October 1, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.

Current wording

The Company assesses goodwill on its four reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is below its carrying value.

Showing the first 40 of 48 pairs. Open the source sections for the rest.

Rearranged current paragraphs (7)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•Cost of revenue consists primarily of the amortization of in-app purchase fees, Variable Expenses (defined below), and employee compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense for personnel engaged in data center and customer care functions.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•Cost of acquisition consists primarily of advertising expenditures, including online marketing (fees paid to search engines and social media sites), offline marketing, including television and print advertising, and production of advertising content.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•Employee compensation expense consists primarily of compensation expense (excluding stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs that are not capitalized.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•Stock-based compensation expense consists principally of expense associated with awards of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based RSUs, and market-based awards that is not capitalized. These expenses are not paid in cash.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Additionally, while Apple was recently ordered to change its rules in the U.S. marketplace on anti-steering to allow for payment processing outside its payment systems, Apple has stated that it will still charge up to 27% for those transactions. We do not expect to realize any meaningful decrease in app store fees in the U.S. market as a result of this change. In the European Union, the Digital Markets Act went into effect in March 2024. Apple’s compliance plan lowers the 30% service fee in the EU to 17% for our applications, but also adds a payment processing fee of 3%, as well as a 0.50 Euro fee per download (including updates) per year. Apple’s plan is subject to approval by the European Commission, which has launched infringement proceedings against Apple and may require further concessions from Apple. For additional information, see “Item 1 Business—Dependencies on services provided by others—App Stores.”

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its reporting units are less than their carrying values. The Company performed a qualitative impairment assessment as of October 1, 2024 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair values of each reporting unit exceeded their carrying values. Additionally, the 2023 annual assessment did not identify any goodwill impairments.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values. The Company performed a qualitative impairment assessment as of October 1, 2024 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying values.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations in 2023 includes adjustments to earnings consisting primarily of $232.1 million of stock-based compensation expense; $61.8 million of depreciation; $47.7 million of impairments and amortization of intangibles; deferred income taxes of