REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Previous wording

We are substantially dependent on the success of EYLEA and, since its August 2023 FDA approval, EYLEA HD. EYLEA net product sales have historically represented a substantial portion of our revenues, and we expect that there will continue to be a concentration of our net sales from the net product sales of EYLEA HD and EYLEA. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, our aggregate EYLEA HD and EYLEA net product sales in the United States represented 34% and 45% of our total revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, EYLEA HD U.S. net product sales represented 29% of our aggregate EYLEA HD and EYLEA U.S. net product sales. If we are successful in commercializing EYLEA HD, we expect that our dependence on EYLEA HD will grow relative to our historical dependence on EYLEA. If we experience difficulty with the commercialization of EYLEA HD or EYLEA in the United States or if Bayer experiences any difficulty with the commercialization of EYLEA HD or EYLEA outside the United States, if EYLEA net product sales experience a sustained decline in or outside the United States without an offset from EYLEA HD net product sales, or if we and Bayer are unable to maintain or obtain marketing approvals of these products (as applicable), we may experience a reduction in revenue and may not be able to stay profitable at the levels we previously achieved or at all, and our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed.

Current wording

We are substantially dependent on the success of EYLEA and EYLEA HD. EYLEA net product sales have historically represented a substantial portion of our revenues, and we expect that there will continue to be a concentration of our net sales from the net product sales of EYLEA HD and EYLEA. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our aggregate EYLEA HD and EYLEA net product sales in the United States represented 33% and 44% of our total revenues, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, EYLEA HD U.S. net product sales represented 32% of our aggregate EYLEA HD and EYLEA U.S. net product sales. If we are successful in commercializing EYLEA HD, we expect that our dependence on EYLEA HD will grow relative to our historical dependence on EYLEA. If we experience difficulty with the commercialization of EYLEA HD or EYLEA in the United States or if Bayer experiences any difficulty with the commercialization of EYLEA HD or EYLEA outside the United States, if EYLEA net product sales experience a sustained decline in or outside the United States without an offset from EYLEA HD net product sales, or if we and Bayer are unable to maintain or obtain marketing approvals of these products (as applicable), we may experience a reduction in revenue and may not be able to stay profitable at the levels we previously achieved or at all, and our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed.

Previous wording

Commercialization of EYLEA and EYLEA HD in the United States and elsewhere is subject to significant competition (as described further below under "The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition"), which we expect to continue to increase in the future. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, EYLEA U.S. net product sales declined by 39% compared to the same period in 2024 as a result of competitive pressures and other factors described under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations." Following the expiration of the U.S. regulatory exclusivity period for EYLEA (i.e., the period during which no biosimilar product can be approved by the FDA) in May 2024, several biosimilar versions of EYLEA have been approved by the FDA, and one such product has launched in the United States. EYLEA and/or EYLEA HD net product sales recorded by us are likely to be negatively impacted by biosimilar competition in the United States, which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, we expect that competition for EYLEA outside the United States will increase in the future when biosimilar versions of EYLEA (including those already approved but not yet launched) are brought to market in additional countries, which may negatively impact the amount of collaboration revenue we earn from Bayer. While we anticipate several regulatory decisions relevant to further commercialization of EYLEA HD as shown in the table under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Programs in Clinical Development," there can be no assurance that any such milestones will be achieved or, if achieved, that they will enable us and Bayer to accelerate the ongoing launch and further commercialization of EYLEA HD. The degree to which EYLEA HD net product sales may offset further potential decreases in EYLEA net product sales, resulting from the factors discussed above or otherwise, is uncertain.

Current wording

Commercialization of EYLEA and EYLEA HD in the United States and elsewhere is subject to significant competition (as described further below under "The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition"), which we expect to continue to increase in the future. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, EYLEA U.S. net product sales declined by 39% compared to the corresponding periods in 2024 as a result of competitive pressures and other factors described under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations." Following the expiration of the U.S. regulatory exclusivity period for EYLEA (i.e., the period during which no biosimilar product can be approved by the FDA) in May 2024, several biosimilar versions of EYLEA have been approved by the FDA, and one such product has launched in the United States. EYLEA and/or EYLEA HD net product sales recorded by us are likely to continue to be negatively impacted by biosimilar competition in the United States, which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, we expect that competition for EYLEA outside the United States will increase in the future when biosimilar versions of EYLEA (including those already approved but not yet launched) are brought to market in additional countries, which may negatively impact the amount of collaboration revenue we earn from Bayer. While we expect certain regulatory decisions relevant to further commercialization of EYLEA HD as shown in the table under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Programs in Clinical Development" and further discussed under "Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Additional Information - Clinical Development Programs - EYLEA HD," there can be no assurance that any such milestones will be achieved in the currently anticipated time frame or at all and, if achieved, that they will help accelerate the ongoing launch and further commercialization of EYLEA HD. The degree to which EYLEA HD net product sales may offset further potential decreases in EYLEA net product sales, resulting from the factors discussed above or otherwise, is uncertain.

Previous wording

We also are substantially dependent on our share of profits from the commercialization of Dupixent under our Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Sanofi collaboration revenue (most of which is attributable to our share of profits from the commercialization of Dupixent) represented 39% and 29% of our total revenues, respectively. If we or Sanofi were to experience any difficulty with the commercialization of Dupixent or if we or Sanofi are unable to maintain current marketing approvals of Dupixent, we may experience a reduction in revenue and our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed.

Current wording

We also are substantially dependent on our share of profits from the commercialization of Dupixent under our Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, Sanofi collaboration revenue (most of which is attributable to our share of profits from the commercialization of Dupixent) represented 39% and 31% of our total revenues, respectively. If we or Sanofi were to experience any difficulty with the commercialization of Dupixent or if we or Sanofi are unable to maintain current marketing approvals of Dupixent, we may experience a reduction in revenue and our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed.

Previous wording

Our revenues and profitability will be materially adversely affected if such third-party payors and other third parties do not adequately defray or reimburse the cost of our marketed products. If third-party payors do not provide coverage and reimbursement with respect to our marketed products or provide an insufficient level of coverage and reimbursement, such products may be too costly for many patients to afford them, and physicians may not prescribe them. Many third-party payors cover only selected drugs, or may prefer selected drugs, making drugs that are not covered or preferred by such payors more expensive for patients. Third-party payors may also require prior authorization for reimbursement, require failure on another type of treatment, or impose other utilization management restrictions before covering a particular drug, particularly with respect to higher-priced drugs. Further, sales of our marketed products (such as EYLEA and EYLEA HD) in the United States may be adversely impacted by the lack of sufficient copay assistance from not-for-profit patient assistance funds. For example, a loss in market share to compounded bevacizumab due to patient affordability constraints impacted U.S. net product sales of EYLEA for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as further described under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations." If independent not-for-profit patient assistance funds that provide patient copay assistance are unable to support eligible patients, this will likely have a continued negative impact on patient affordability resulting in lower utilization of higher-cost anti-VEGF agents.

Current wording

Our revenues and profitability will be materially adversely affected if such third-party payors and other third parties do not adequately defray or reimburse the cost of our marketed products. If third-party payors do not provide coverage and reimbursement with respect to our marketed products or provide an insufficient level of coverage and reimbursement, such products may be too costly for many patients to afford them, and physicians may not prescribe them. Many third-party payors cover only selected drugs, or may prefer selected drugs, making drugs that are not covered or preferred by such payors more expensive for patients. Third-party payors may also require prior authorization for reimbursement, require failure on another type of treatment, or impose other utilization management restrictions before covering a particular drug, particularly with respect to higher-priced drugs. Further, sales of our marketed products (such as EYLEA and EYLEA HD) in the United States may be adversely impacted by the lack of sufficient copay assistance from not-for-profit patient assistance funds. For example, a loss in market share to compounded bevacizumab due to patient affordability constraints impacted U.S. net product sales of EYLEA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, as further described under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations." If independent not-for-profit patient assistance funds that provide patient copay assistance are unable to support eligible patients, this will likely have a continued negative impact on patient affordability resulting in lower utilization of higher-cost anti-VEGF agents.

Previous wording

The full extent to which the policy changes described above will ultimately impact reimbursement levels of our marketed products, including those covered under Medicare Part B (such as EYLEA and EYLEA HD), or our product candidates that may be covered under Medicare Part B or Medicare Part D in the future, is currently unclear. In addition, the current U.S. administration is pursuing other measures to reduce the cost of drugs in the United States. For example, a recent executive order has directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") to take appropriate steps to, among other things, modify certain provisions of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program, develop and implement a payment model to reduce the price of high-cost prescription drugs and biological products covered by Medicare, accelerate approval of generic and biosimilar products, and facilitate the ability of states to import pharmaceuticals from other countries. It is currently unclear whether and to what extent these measures will be implemented and what impact any such implementation would have on our Company. Further, there can be no assurance that the U.S. administration will not pursue different or additional measures, such as those intended to more closely align U.S. drug prices with international drug prices (often referred to as "reference" or "international price index" drug pricing).

Current wording

The full extent to which the policy changes described above will ultimately impact reimbursement levels of our marketed products, including those covered under Medicare Part B (such as EYLEA and EYLEA HD), or our product candidates that may be covered under Medicare Part B or Medicare Part D in the future, is currently unclear. In addition, the current U.S. administration is pursuing other measures to reduce the cost of drugs in the United States. For example, a recent executive order directed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") and other federal agencies to take certain steps intended to, among other things, reduce the prices of drugs sold in the United States to match the lowest price available for the same drugs in comparably developed nations (commonly referred to as "most-favored-nation" ("MFN") pricing). On July 31, 2025, as a follow-up to this executive order, President Trump sent a letter to several pharmaceutical companies (including Regeneron) requesting that within the next 60 days they, among other matters, provide their existing drugs at MFN rates to Medicaid patients, guarantee MFN pricing for newly launched drugs, and provide for direct-to-consumer and direct-to-business distribution models for high-volume, high-rebate prescription drugs. In addition, a prior executive order directed the HHS to take appropriate steps to, among other things, modify certain provisions of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program, develop and implement a payment model to reduce the price of high-cost prescription drugs and biological products covered by Medicare, accelerate approval of generic and biosimilar products, and facilitate the ability of states to import pharmaceuticals from other countries. It is currently unclear how and to what extent these measures may be implemented and what impact any such implementation would have on our Company.

Previous wording

Item 1. "Business - Patents, Trademarks, and Trade Secrets" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (filed February 5, 2025)). Ophthalmologists are also using off-label, third-party repackaged versions of Genentech/Roche's approved VEGF antagonist, bevacizumab, for the treatment of certain of EYLEA's and EYLEA HD's respective indications, and we are aware of another company developing an ophthalmic formulation of such product that has been approved in the EU. In DME (and, in the case of EYLEA, also RVO), EYLEA and EYLEA HD also compete with intravitreal implants of corticosteroids. We are also aware of a number of companies working on the development of product candidates and extended delivery devices for the potential treatment of one or more of EYLEA's and EYLEA HD's respective indications, including those that act by blocking VEGF and VEGF receptors (including therapies designed to extend the treatment interval) and/or other targets. In addition, we are aware of several other companies developing biosimilar versions of EYLEA, EYLEA HD, and/or other approved anti-VEGF treatments. Other potentially competitive products in development include products for use in combination with EYLEA and/or other anti-VEGF treatments, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gene therapies, and other eye-drop formulations, devices, and oral therapies. There also is a risk that third parties repackage ZALTRAP for off-label use and sale for the treatment of diseases of the eye, even though ZALTRAP has not been manufactured and formulated for use in intravitreal injections. We are aware of claims by third parties, including those based on published clinical data, alleging that ZALTRAP may be safely administered to the eye.

Current wording

EYLEA and EYLEA HD. EYLEA and EYLEA HD face significant competition in the marketplace. For example, each of EYLEA and EYLEA HD competes in one or more of its approved indications with other VEGF inhibitors. These include Genentech/Roche's Vabysmo® (faricimab-svoa) and Susvimo® (ranibizumab ocular implant); Novartis and Genentech/Roche's Lucentis® (ranibizumab); Novartis' Beovu® (brolucizumab); and a biosimilar version of Lucentis commercialized in the United States by Biogen Inc. In addition, biosimilar versions of EYLEA have been approved both in and outside the United States, including Amgen's Pavblu™ (aflibercept-ayyh) (launched in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2024). We are aware of several other companies developing biosimilar versions of EYLEA, EYLEA HD, and/or other approved anti-VEGF treatments. We expect that biosimilar competition for EYLEA will increase in the future when additional biosimilar versions of EYLEA are launched in the United States and other countries, the timing of which will depend on, among other factors, the outcome of the pending patent litigation proceedings described in Note 12 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report and the expiration of the patents protecting EYLEA (including those set forth under Part I - Item 1. "Business - Patents, Trademarks, and Trade Secrets" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (filed February 5, 2025)). Ophthalmologists are also using off-label, third-party repackaged versions of Genentech/Roche's approved VEGF antagonist, bevacizumab, for the treatment of certain of EYLEA's and EYLEA HD's respective indications, and we are aware of another company developing an ophthalmic formulation of such product that has been approved in the EU. In DME (and, in the case of EYLEA, also RVO), EYLEA and EYLEA HD also compete with intravitreal implants of corticosteroids. We are also aware of a number of companies working on the development of product candidates and extended delivery devices for the potential treatment of one or more of EYLEA's and EYLEA HD's respective indications, including those that act by blocking VEGF and VEGF receptors (including therapies designed to extend the treatment interval) and/or other targets. Other potentially competitive products in development include products for use in combination with EYLEA and/or other anti-VEGF treatments, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gene therapies, and other eye-drop formulations, devices, and oral therapies. There also is a risk that third parties repackage ZALTRAP for off-label use and sale for the treatment of diseases of the eye, even though ZALTRAP has not been manufactured and formulated for use in intravitreal injections. We are aware of claims by third parties, including those based on published clinical data, alleging that ZALTRAP may be safely administered to the eye.

Previous wording

EYLEA HD was approved by the FDA in August 2023 for the treatment of wAMD, DME, and DR and entered the highly competitive environment described above. Our success in commercializing EYLEA HD will depend on a number of factors, including the degree of success and relative timing of our commercial launch and uptake efforts as compared to those of relevant competition, the extent to which we and our collaborators are able to differentiate EYLEA HD from competitive products (such as on the basis of dosing frequency, the method of administration, or the breadth of indications in which the product is approved), the safety and efficacy of EYLEA HD seen in a broader patient group (i.e., real-world use), the extent of payor coverage, reimbursement, and copay assistance, and the applicability of any restrictions imposed by payors, such as step therapy.

Current wording

EYLEA HD was approved by the FDA in August 2023 for the treatment of wAMD, DME, and DR and entered the highly competitive environment described above. Our success in commercializing EYLEA HD will continue to depend on a number of factors, including the degree of success and relative timing of our commercial launch and uptake efforts as compared to those of relevant competition, the extent to which we and our collaborators are able to differentiate EYLEA HD from competitive products (such as on the basis of dosing frequency, the method of administration, or the breadth of indications in which the product is approved), the safety and efficacy of EYLEA HD seen in a broader patient group (i.e., real-world use), the extent of payor coverage, reimbursement, and copay assistance, and the applicability of any restrictions imposed by payors, such as step therapy.

Previous wording

Dupixent. The market for Dupixent's current and potential future indications is also increasingly competitive. There are systemic JAK inhibitors and antibodies against IL-13 and IL-4Ra approved or in development for atopic dermatitis. There is also an antibody against IL-31R approved for atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. In addition, a number of companies are developing antibodies against other targets, including OX40(L), that may compete with Dupixent in atopic dermatitis and other indications (including asthma and/or prurigo nodularis). In asthma, competitors to Dupixent include antibodies against the IL-5 ligand or the IL-5 receptor, immunoglobulin E, or thymic stromal lymphopoietin ("TSLP"); and some of these antibodies are either approved or in development for indications that also compete or may compete in the future with Dupixent in CRSwNP, EoE, COPD, and CSU where approved. There are several other potentially competitive products in development that may compete with Dupixent in asthma, COPD, and potential future indications, including antibodies against the IL-33 ligand or receptor. Dupixent also faces competition from inhaled products in asthma, COPD, and potential future indications.

Current wording

Dupixent. The market for Dupixent's current and potential future indications is also increasingly competitive. There are systemic JAK inhibitors and antibodies against IL-13 and IL-4Ra approved or in development for atopic dermatitis. There is also an antibody against IL-31R approved for atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. In addition, a number of companies are developing antibodies against other targets, including OX40(L), that may compete with Dupixent in atopic dermatitis and other indications (including asthma and/or prurigo nodularis). In asthma, competitors to Dupixent include antibodies against the IL-5 ligand or the IL-5 receptor, immunoglobulin E, or thymic stromal lymphopoietin ("TSLP"); and some of these antibodies are either approved or in development for indications that also compete or may compete in the future with Dupixent in CRSwNP,

Previous wording

Other marketed products. There is also significant actual and potential future competition for other products marketed or otherwise commercialized by us and/or our collaborators under our collaboration agreements with them. For example, there are several companies that are marketing and/or developing antibodies or other molecules (such as small interfering RNA molecules, or siRNAs) against PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and IL-6 and/or IL-6R, which currently (or, for product candidates in development, may in the future if approved) treat the same conditions as Praluent, Evkeeza, and Kevzara, respectively.

Current wording

Other marketed products. There is also significant actual and potential future competition for other products marketed or otherwise commercialized by us and/or our collaborators under our collaboration agreements with them. For example, Lynozyfic faces significant actual and potential future competition from other bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cell therapies targeting BCMA, GPRC5D, and/or other targets that are currently approved or in development for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. In addition, there are several companies that are marketing and/or developing antibodies or other molecules (such as small interfering RNA molecules, or siRNAs) against PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and IL-6 and/or IL-6R, which currently (or, for product candidates in development, may in the future if approved) treat the same conditions as Praluent, Evkeeza, and Kevzara, respectively.

Previous wording

Our VelocImmune® technology, other antibody generation technologies, and late-stage and earlier-stage clinical candidates face competition from many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies using various technologies, including antibody generation technologies and other approaches such as RNAi, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), and gene therapy technologies. For example, we are aware of other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies actively engaged in the research and development of antibody-based products against targets that are also the targets of our early- and late-stage product candidates. We are also aware of other companies developing or marketing small molecules or other treatments that may compete with our antibody-based product candidates in various indications, if such product candidates obtain regulatory approval in those indications. If any of these or other competitors announces a successful clinical study involving a product that may be competitive with one of our product candidates or the grant of marketing approval by a regulatory agency for a competitive product, such developments may have an adverse effect on our business or future prospects. In addition, the first product to reach the market in a therapeutic area is often at a significant competitive advantage relative to later entrants to the market. Accordingly, the relative speed with which we, or our collaborators, can develop our product candidates, complete the clinical trials and approval processes, and, if such product candidates are approved for marketing and sale, supply commercial quantities to the market is expected to continue to be an important competitive factor. Due to the uncertainties associated with developing biopharmaceutical products, we may not be the first to obtain marketing approval for a product against any particular target, which may have a material adverse effect on our business or future prospects. While we evaluate market opportunities for our product candidates, there can be no assurance that our estimates will accurately reflect the market opportunity at the time of launch or that our product candidates will meet internal or external expectations and be successful commercially due to existing or potential future competition or otherwise.

Current wording

Our VelocImmune® technology, other antibody generation technologies, and late-stage and earlier-stage clinical candidates face competition from many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies using various technologies, including antibody generation technologies and other approaches such as RNAi, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell), and gene therapy technologies. For example, we are aware of other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies actively engaged in the research and development of antibody-based and gene therapy-based products against targets that are also the targets of our early- and late-stage product candidates. We are also aware of other companies developing or marketing small molecules or other treatments that may compete with our antibody-based product candidates in various indications, if such product candidates obtain regulatory approval in those indications. If any of these or other competitors announces a successful clinical study involving a product that may be competitive with one of our product candidates or the grant of marketing approval by a regulatory agency for a competitive product, such developments may have an adverse effect on our business or future prospects. In addition, the first product to reach the market in a therapeutic area is often at a significant competitive advantage relative to later entrants to the market. Accordingly, the relative speed with which we, or our collaborators, can develop our product candidates, complete the clinical trials and approval processes, and, if such product candidates are approved for marketing and sale, supply commercial quantities to the market is expected to continue to be an important competitive factor. Due to the uncertainties associated with developing biopharmaceutical products, we may not be the first to obtain marketing approval for a product against any particular target, which may have a material adverse effect on our business or future prospects. While we evaluate market opportunities for our product candidates, there can be no assurance that our estimates will accurately reflect the market opportunity at the time of launch or that our product candidates will meet internal or external expectations and be successful commercially due to existing or potential future competition or otherwise.

Previous wording

In addition, under the terms of our Antibody Collaboration, we and Sanofi co-commercialize Dupixent in the United States and, as further discussed below, certain jurisdictions outside the United States. As a result, we rely in part on Sanofi's sales and marketing organization for Dupixent. If we and Sanofi fail to coordinate our sales and marketing efforts effectively, sales of Dupixent may be materially adversely affected. Sanofi also maintains other important responsibilities relating to Dupixent. For example, Sanofi records product sales for Dupixent in the United States and leads negotiations with payors relating to this product. We also rely on Sanofi for sales, marketing, and distribution of Dupixent in many countries outside the United States. While we exercised our option under the Antibody Collaboration to co-commercialize Dupixent in certain jurisdictions outside the United States, we will continue to rely in considerable part on Sanofi's sales and marketing organization in such jurisdictions. As described in Note 12 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report, we have sued Sanofi and certain of its affiliated entities (the "Antibody Collaboration Litigation") alleging that the defendants breached certain provisions of the agreement governing the Antibody Collaboration (the "Collaboration Agreement"). These provisions concern Sanofi's obligation to provide Regeneron with full access to material information relating to the commercialization of Dupixent or other products commercialized pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement and Regeneron's audit rights under the Collaboration Agreement. It is not possible to determine what impact (if any) the Antibody Collaboration Litigation may have on the Antibody Collaboration and our business relationship with Sanofi, or whether we will be successful in the Antibody Collaboration Litigation.

Current wording

In addition, under the terms of our Antibody Collaboration, we and Sanofi co-commercialize Dupixent in the United States and, as further discussed below, certain jurisdictions outside the United States. As a result, we rely in part on Sanofi's sales and marketing organization for Dupixent. If we and Sanofi fail to coordinate our sales and marketing efforts effectively, sales of Dupixent may be materially adversely affected. Sanofi also maintains other important responsibilities relating to Dupixent. For example, Sanofi records product sales for Dupixent in the United States and leads negotiations with payors relating to this product. We also rely on Sanofi for sales, marketing, and distribution of Dupixent in many countries outside the United States. While we exercised our option under the Antibody Collaboration to co-commercialize Dupixent in certain jurisdictions outside the United States, we continue to rely in considerable part on Sanofi's sales and marketing organization in such jurisdictions. As described in Note 12 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report, we have sued Sanofi and certain of its affiliated entities (the "Antibody Collaboration Litigation") alleging that the defendants breached certain provisions of the agreement governing the Antibody Collaboration (the "Collaboration Agreement"). These provisions concern Sanofi's obligation to provide Regeneron with full access to material information relating to the commercialization of Dupixent or other products commercialized pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement and Regeneron's audit rights under the Collaboration Agreement. It is not possible to determine what impact (if any) the Antibody Collaboration Litigation may have on the Antibody Collaboration and our business relationship with Sanofi, or whether we will be successful in the Antibody Collaboration Litigation.

Previous wording

Our sales of products we commercialize in the United States and our collaborators' sales of products they commercialize or co-commercialize with us under our collaboration agreements with them in the United States and other countries (which impact our share of any profits or losses from the commercialization of these products under the relevant collaboration agreements and, therefore, our results of operations) may be reduced if the applicable product is imported into those countries from lower priced markets, whether legally or illegally (a practice known as parallel trading or reimportation). Parallel traders (who may repackage or otherwise alter the original product or sell it through alternative channels such as mail order or the Internet) take advantage of the price differentials between markets arising from factors including sales costs, market conditions, tax rates, or national regulation of prices. Under our arrangement with Bayer, pricing and reimbursement for EYLEA HD and EYLEA outside the United States is the responsibility of Bayer. Similarly, under our Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi, pricing and reimbursement for the products commercialized or co-commercialized thereunder outside the United States are the responsibility of Sanofi. Prices for our marketed products in jurisdictions outside the United States are based on local market economics and competition and are likely to differ from country to country. In the United States, prices for pharmaceuticals are generally higher than in the bordering nations of Canada and Mexico and sales of our marketed products in the United States may be reduced if the applicable product marketed in those bordering nations is imported into the United States. In addition, there are proposals to legalize the import of pharmaceuticals from outside the United States into the United States and, as discussed above under "Changes to product reimbursement and coverage policies and practices may materially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition," a recent executive order has directed the Secretary of the HHS to take appropriate steps to facilitate such importation at the state level. If such or other similar proposals were to be implemented, our future revenues derived from sales of our marketed products could be reduced. Parallel-trading practices also are of particular relevance to the EU, where they have been encouraged by the current regulatory framework. These types of imports may exert pressure on the pricing of our marketed products in a particular market or reduce sales recorded by us or our collaborators, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations.

Current wording

Our sales of products we commercialize in the United States and our collaborators' sales of products they commercialize or co-commercialize with us under our collaboration agreements with them in the United States and other countries (which impact our share of any profits from the commercialization of these products under the relevant collaboration agreements and, therefore, our results of operations) may be reduced if the applicable product is imported into those countries from lower priced markets, whether legally or illegally (a practice known as parallel trading or reimportation). Parallel traders (who may repackage or otherwise alter the original product or sell it through alternative channels such as mail order or the Internet) take advantage of the price differentials between markets arising from factors including sales costs, market conditions, tax rates, or national regulation of prices. Under our arrangement with Bayer, pricing and reimbursement for EYLEA HD and EYLEA outside the United States are the responsibility of Bayer. Similarly, under our Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi, pricing and reimbursement for the products commercialized or co-commercialized thereunder outside the United States are the responsibility of Sanofi. Prices for our marketed products in jurisdictions outside the United States are based on local market economics and competition and are likely to differ from country to country. In the United States, prices for pharmaceuticals are generally higher than in the bordering nations of Canada and Mexico and sales of our marketed products in the United States may be reduced if the applicable product marketed in those bordering nations is imported into the United States. In addition, there are proposals to legalize the import of pharmaceuticals from outside the United States into the United States and, as discussed above under "Changes to product reimbursement and coverage policies and practices may materially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition," a recent executive order has directed the Secretary of the HHS to take appropriate steps to facilitate such importation at the state level. If such or other similar proposals were to be implemented, our future revenues derived from sales of our marketed products could be reduced. Parallel-trading practices also are of particular relevance to the EU, where they have been encouraged by the current regulatory framework. These types of imports may exert pressure on the pricing of our marketed products in a particular market or reduce sales recorded by us or our collaborators, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations.

Previous wording

We sell our marketed products for which we record net product sales in the United States to several distributors and specialty pharmacies, as applicable (collectively, "distributor customers"), which generally sell the product directly to healthcare providers or other pharmacies (as applicable). For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, our product sales to two distributor customers accounted on a combined basis for 76% and 75% of our total gross product revenue, respectively. We expect significant distributor customer concentration to continue for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate and grow sales of these products will depend, in part, on the extent to which our distributor customers are able to provide adequate distribution of these products to healthcare providers. Although we believe we can find additional distributors, if necessary, our revenue during any period of disruption could suffer and we might incur additional costs. In addition, these distributor customers are responsible for a significant portion of our net trade accounts receivable balances. The loss of any large distributor customer, a significant reduction in sales we make to them, any cancellation of orders they have made with us, or any failure to pay for the products we have shipped to them could adversely affect our results of operations. Commercialization of any of our marketed products may also be adversely impacted by vertical integration of private payor healthcare and insurance programs, health maintenance organizations, and PBMs, or further consolidation among the healthcare providers served or operated by our distributor customers if, for example, one or more consolidated groups of healthcare providers determines not to use (or decides to switch from) such marketed product in favor of a competing product. See also "The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition -Marketed Products" above.

Current wording

We sell our marketed products for which we record net product sales in the United States to several distributors and specialty pharmacies, as applicable (collectively, "distributor customers"), which generally sell the product directly to healthcare providers or other pharmacies (as applicable). For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, our product sales to two distributor customers accounted on a combined basis for 76% and 75% of our total gross product revenue, respectively. We expect significant distributor customer concentration to continue for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate and grow sales of these products will depend, in part, on the extent to which our distributor customers are able to provide adequate distribution of these products to healthcare providers. Although we believe we can find additional distributors, if necessary, our revenue during any period of disruption could suffer and we might incur additional costs. In addition, these distributor customers are responsible for a significant portion of our net trade accounts receivable balances. The loss of any large distributor customer, a significant reduction in sales we make to them, any cancellation of orders they have made with us, or any failure to pay for the products we have shipped to them could adversely affect our results of operations. Commercialization of any of our marketed products may also be adversely impacted by vertical integration of private payor healthcare and insurance programs, health maintenance organizations, and PBMs, or further consolidation among the healthcare providers served or operated by our distributor customers if, for example, one or more consolidated groups of healthcare providers determines not to use (or decides to switch from) such marketed product in favor of a competing product. See also "The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition -Marketed Products" above.

Previous wording

In the United States, we (which, for purposes of this risk factor, includes our collaborators, unless otherwise stated or required by the context) must obtain and maintain approval from the FDA for each drug we intend to sell. We must obtain and maintain similar regulatory approvals from comparable foreign regulatory authorities in order to sell drugs outside the United States. Obtaining FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority approval for a new drug or indication is typically a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. We cannot predict with certainty if or when we might submit for regulatory approval for our product candidates currently under development. Any approvals we may obtain may not cover all of the clinical indications for which we are seeking approval. Also, an approval might contain significant limitations in the form of narrow indications, warnings, precautions, or contra-indications with respect to conditions of use. Additionally, in the United States, the FDA may determine that a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ("REMS") is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a new product outweigh its risks, and the product can therefore be approved. A REMS may include various elements, ranging from a medication guide or patient package insert to limitations on who may prescribe or dispense the drug, depending on what the FDA considers necessary for the safe use of the drug. The FDA has substantial discretion in the approval process (including with respect to setting specific conditions for submission) and may either refuse to accept an application for substantive review or may form the opinion after review of an application that the application is insufficient to allow approval of a product candidate. If the FDA does not accept our application for review or approve our application, it may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical, or manufacturing validation studies or additional analyses of data from existing studies and submit the data before it will reconsider our application. Depending on the extent of these or any other studies or analyses that might be required, approval of any applications that we submit may be delayed significantly, or we may be required to expend more resources. It is also possible that any such additional studies or analyses, if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA to make our applications approvable. If any of these outcomes occur, we may be forced to delay or abandon our applications for approval. For example, in October 2023, the FDA issued a CRL for the sBLA for

Current wording

In the United States, we (which, for purposes of this risk factor, includes our collaborators, unless otherwise stated or required by the context) must obtain and maintain approval from the FDA for each drug we intend to sell. We must obtain and maintain similar regulatory approvals from comparable foreign regulatory authorities in order to sell drugs outside the United States. Obtaining FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority approval for a new drug or indication is typically a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. We cannot predict with certainty if or when we might submit for regulatory approval for our product candidates currently under development. Any approvals we may obtain may not cover all of the clinical indications for which we are seeking approval. Also, an approval might contain significant limitations in the form of narrow indications, warnings, precautions, or contra-indications with respect to conditions of use. Additionally, in the United States, the FDA may determine that a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ("REMS") is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a new product outweigh its risks, and the product can therefore be approved. A REMS may include various elements, ranging from a medication guide or patient package insert to limitations on who may prescribe or dispense the drug, depending on what the FDA considers necessary for the safe use of the drug. The FDA has substantial discretion in the approval process (including with respect to setting specific conditions for submission) and may either refuse to accept an application for substantive review or may form the opinion after review of an application that the application is insufficient to allow approval of a product candidate. If the FDA does not accept our application for review or approve our application, it may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical, or manufacturing validation studies or additional analyses of data from existing studies and submit the data before it will reconsider our application. Depending on the extent of these or any other studies or analyses that might be required, approval of any applications that we submit may be delayed significantly, or we may be required to expend more resources. It is also possible that any such additional studies or analyses, if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA to make our applications approvable. If any of these outcomes occur, we may be forced to delay or abandon our applications for approval. For example, in October 2023, the FDA issued a CRL for the sBLA for Dupixent in CSU stating that additional efficacy data are required to support an approval, which delayed by nearly 18 months the FDA's April 2025 approval of Dupixent in this indication.

Previous wording

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products has been in the past and may in the future be affected by a variety of factors, such as government budget and funding levels, authorization and payment of user fees, the ability to hire and retain key personnel, as well as other statutory, regulatory, and policy changes impacting HHS, the FDA, or other HHS agencies. Such factors may impact the FDA directly or impact other government agencies that support research and development activities pertaining to FDA review, such as research to understand new technologies or establish new standards. Policy shifts, including, for example, the recent efforts to downsize the federal workforce by restructuring the HHS and eliminating positions at the FDA and other federal agencies, may affect the timeliness, completeness, and/or duration of the FDA review process (including related interactions between us and the FDA). As a result, average review times at the FDA (including those for our pending regulatory submissions) may fluctuate, and the outcome of any such review process may be impacted. A prolonged government shutdown or a widespread freeze on federal funding could also significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, or cause other agencies that support the FDA to slow their work. In the past, the U.S. government has shut down multiple times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, have had to furlough employees and stop some of their activities. In addition, if legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting routine inspections, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to review and process our regulatory submissions in a timely manner, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Current wording

The functioning of the FDA has been in the past and may in the future be affected by a variety of factors, such as shifting government priorities, budgets and funding levels, authorization and payment of user fees, the ability to hire and retain key personnel, as well as other statutory, regulatory, and policy changes impacting HHS, the FDA, or other HHS agencies. U.S. policy changes have recently been implemented at a rapid pace and additional changes may occur. For example, recent efforts to reduce the size and budgets of U.S. government agencies, downsize the federal workforce, and restructure parts of the executive branch of the federal government have directly or indirectly impacted agencies that support research and development activities or are otherwise important to our business, including the HHS and the FDA. If legislation, administrative action, or changes in policy prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting routine inspections, reviews, or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to provide feedback on our clinical programs, meet with or engage in other informal interactions with us, and review and process our regulatory submissions (including our pending regulatory submissions) in a timely manner. These developments may also reduce the FDA's capacity to engage in pre-approval or guidance meetings or meetings to negotiate labeling or post-marketing commitments. Furthermore, changes in FDA personnel and policy (such as the recent reductions in communication and policymaking roles) may negatively impact the transparency of agency actions, lead to modifications in FDA approval requirements, and alter the FDA's existing guidance pertinent to the development strategy for our products and product candidates. In addition, the U.S. government has shut down multiple times in the past and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, had to furlough employees and stop some of their activities. A prolonged government shutdown or a widespread freeze on federal funding could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, or cause other agencies that support the FDA to slow their work. Any such factors could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Previous wording

If we believe we meet eligibility requirements, we may apply for various regulatory incentives in the United States, such as breakthrough therapy designation, fast track designation, accelerated approval, or priority review, where available, that serve to expedite drug development and/or review, and we may also seek similar designations elsewhere in the world. Often, regulatory agencies have broad discretion in determining whether or not product candidates qualify for such regulatory incentives and benefits, and we cannot guarantee we would be successful in obtaining beneficial regulatory designations by the FDA or other regulatory agencies. Even if obtained, such designations may not result in faster development processes, reviews, or approvals compared to drugs considered for approval under conventional FDA procedures. In addition, the FDA may later decide that any of our development programs no longer meets the conditions for a beneficial regulatory designation (including due to factors beyond our control, such as intervening competitive developments) or decide that the time period for FDA review or approval will not be shortened. FDA guidance relating to accelerated approval of oncology therapeutics indicates that a confirmatory trial for a particular oncology product candidate should be underway when the related BLA is submitted to the FDA and also states that the FDA may require that a confirmatory trial for a particular oncology product candidate be well underway, if not fully enrolled, by the time of the accelerated approval action. Application of this guidance and related rules to our product candidates may result in a delay of the FDA review and approval process despite any earlier beneficial regulatory designation such product candidates may have received. For example, in March 2024, the FDA issued CRLs concerning our BLA for odronextamab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory FL and DLBCL due to the enrollment status of confirmatory Phase 3 trials. While an odronextamab BLA for FL has recently been resubmitted to the FDA, this has resulted in a delay of any potential FDA approval of this product candidate.

Current wording

If we believe we meet eligibility requirements, we may apply for various regulatory incentives in the United States, such as breakthrough therapy designation, fast track designation, accelerated approval, or priority review, where available, that serve to expedite drug development and/or review, and we may also seek similar designations elsewhere in the world. Often, regulatory agencies have broad discretion in determining whether or not product candidates qualify for such regulatory incentives and benefits, and we cannot guarantee we would be successful in obtaining beneficial regulatory designations by the FDA or other regulatory agencies. Even if obtained, such designations may not result in faster development processes, reviews, or approvals compared to drugs considered for approval under conventional FDA procedures. In addition, the FDA may later decide that any of our development programs no longer meets the conditions for a beneficial regulatory designation (including due to factors beyond our control, such as intervening competitive developments) or decide that the time period for FDA review or approval will not be shortened. FDA guidance relating to accelerated approval of oncology therapeutics indicates that a confirmatory trial for a particular oncology product candidate should be underway when the related BLA is submitted to the FDA and also states that the FDA may require that a confirmatory trial for a particular oncology product candidate be well underway, if not fully enrolled, by the time of the accelerated approval action. Application of this guidance and related rules to our product candidates may result in a delay of the FDA review and approval process despite any earlier beneficial regulatory designation such product candidates may have received. For example, in March 2024, the FDA issued CRLs concerning our BLA for odronextamab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory FL and DLBCL due to the enrollment status of confirmatory Phase 3 trials, thus delaying any potential FDA approval. See Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Additional Information - Clinical Development Programs - Ordspono (odronextamab)" regarding the current status of the FDA's review of this program.

Previous wording

Before approving a new drug or biologic product, the FDA and such comparable foreign regulatory authorities require that the facilities at which the product will be manufactured or advanced through the supply chain be in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, requirements and regulations governing the manufacture, shipment, and storage of the product. Additionally, manufacturers of biological products and their facilities are subject to payment of substantial user fees and continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with cGMP regulations and adherence to any commitments made in the applicable BLA. These cGMP requirements and regulations are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture products, but rather a series of principles that must be observed during manufacturing; as a result, the manner in which such principles are implemented may not be specifically delineated, which can be challenging as the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities increasingly scrutinize compliance with these requirements and regulations. As a result, manufacturing product candidates in compliance with these regulatory requirements is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. To be successful, our products must be manufactured in compliance with regulatory requirements, and at competitive costs. If we or any of our third-party manufacturers, product packagers, labelers, or other parties performing steps in the supply chain are unable to maintain regulatory compliance with cGMP, the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities can impose monetary penalties or other civil or criminal sanctions, including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug or biologic product, or revocation of a pre-existing approval. For example, in August 2024, the FDA issued a CRL concerning the Company's BLA for linvoseltamab in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma due to findings from a pre-approval inspection at a third-party fill/finish provider for another company's product candidate. While the linvoseltamab BLA has been resubmitted to the FDA, this has resulted in a delay of any potential FDA approval of this product candidate. For additional information, see "Risks Related to Manufacturing and Supply -Our or our collaborators' or contract manufacturers' failure to meet the stringent requirements of governmental regulation in the manufacture of drug products or product candidates could result in incurring substantial remedial costs, delays in the development or approval of our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products and/or in their commercial launch if regulatory approval is obtained, and a reduction in sales." Our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed as a result of noncompliance with the requirements and regulations described in this paragraph.

Current wording

Before approving a new drug or biologic product, the FDA and such comparable foreign regulatory authorities require that the facilities at which the product will be manufactured or advanced through the supply chain be in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, requirements and regulations governing the manufacture, shipment, and storage of the product. Additionally, manufacturers of biological products and their facilities are subject to payment of substantial user fees and continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with cGMP regulations and adherence to any commitments made in the applicable BLA. These cGMP requirements and regulations are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture products, but rather a series of principles that must be observed during manufacturing; as a result, the manner in which such principles are implemented may not be specifically delineated, which can be challenging as the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities increasingly scrutinize compliance with these requirements and regulations. As a result, manufacturing product candidates in compliance with these regulatory requirements is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. To be successful, our products must be manufactured in compliance with regulatory requirements, and at competitive costs. If we or any of our third-party manufacturers, product packagers, labelers, or other parties performing steps in the supply chain are unable to maintain regulatory compliance with cGMP, the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities can impose monetary penalties or other civil or criminal sanctions, including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug or biologic product, or revocation of a pre-existing approval. We have recently received several CRLs from the FDA for regulatory submissions concerning our products or product candidates due to the FDA's findings from inspections at third-party manufacturers responsible for filling drug product. These include the July 2025 CRL concerning the BLA for odronextamab in relapsed/refractory FL, which has delayed further any potential FDA approval; and the August 2024 CRL concerning the BLA for linvoseltamab in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which contributed to a 11-month delay of the FDA approval in this indication. For additional information, see "Risks Related to Manufacturing and Supply -Our or our collaborators' or contract manufacturers' failure to meet the stringent requirements of governmental regulation in the manufacture of drug products or product candidates could result in incurring substantial remedial costs, delays in the development or approval of our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products and/or in their commercial launch if regulatory approval is obtained, and a reduction in sales." Our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition may …

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

Only a small minority of all research and development programs ultimately result in commercially successful drugs. Clinical trials may not demonstrate statistically sufficient effectiveness and safety to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for these product candidates in these indications. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, including our Company, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after promising results had been obtained in earlier trials. In a number of instances, we have terminated the development of product candidates due to a lack of or only modest effectiveness and/or safety concerns, and clinical trials evaluating our product candidates have failed to meet the relevant endpoints. Moreover, even if we obtain positive results from preclinical testing or clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials, or the FDA and analogous foreign regulatory authorities may deem the results insufficient for an approval. If concerns arise about the safety of a product candidate or non-compliance with the protocol or applicable regulatory requirements, the FDA or other regulatory authorities can delay or suspend a clinical trial by placing it on a full or partial "clinical hold" pending receipt of additional data or the satisfaction of other conditions. A clinical hold may require us to spend significant resources to address the underlying causes of the clinical hold and may result in a delay in the clinical program, which may be significant. In addition, if we are not able to successfully address such underlying causes or our response is not deemed adequate to lift the clinical hold, the clinical program may have to be terminated. Furthermore, changes in FDA personnel may alter the FDA's advice with respect to our development strategy and lead to delays or rejections of our clinical trial protocols or data. Any such clinical program delays or terminations may adversely affect our business.

Current wording

Only a small minority of all research and development programs ultimately result in commercially successful drugs. Clinical trials may not demonstrate statistically sufficient effectiveness and safety to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for these product candidates in these indications. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, including our Company, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after promising results had been obtained in earlier trials. For example, we and Sanofi recently announced that one of two Phase 3 trials evaluating itepekimab in adults who were former smokers with inadequately controlled COPD did not meet its primary endpoint, as further described under Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Additional Information - Clinical Development Programs." In a number of instances, we have terminated the development of product candidates due to a lack of or only modest effectiveness and/or safety concerns, and clinical trials evaluating our product candidates have failed to meet the relevant endpoints. Moreover, even if we obtain positive results from preclinical testing or clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials, or the FDA and analogous foreign regulatory authorities may deem the results insufficient for an approval. If concerns arise about the safety of a product candidate or non-compliance with the protocol or applicable regulatory requirements, the FDA or other regulatory authorities can delay or suspend a clinical trial by placing it on a full or partial "clinical hold" pending receipt of additional data or the satisfaction of other conditions. A clinical hold may require us to spend significant resources to address the underlying causes of the clinical hold and may result in a delay in the clinical program, which may be significant. In addition, if we are not able to successfully address such underlying causes or our response is not deemed adequate to lift the clinical hold, the clinical program may have to be terminated. Furthermore, changes in FDA personnel may alter the FDA's advice with respect to our development strategy and lead to delays or rejections of our clinical trial protocols or data. Any such clinical program delays or terminations may adversely affect our business.

Previous wording

Many of our products are used and some of our products and product candidates may be used, if approved, in combination with a drug-delivery device, including a pre-filled syringe, patch pump, auto-injector, or other delivery system. For example, in the United States and the EU, EYLEA is approved in the 2mg pre-filled syringe; and in the EU, EYLEA HD is approved in the 8 mg pre-filled syringe. The success of our products and product candidates may depend to a significant extent on the performance of such devices, some of which may be novel or comprised of complex components. Given the increased complexity of the review process when approval of the product and device is sought under a single marketing application and the additional risks resulting from a product candidate's designation as a combination product discussed below, our product candidates used with such drug-delivery devices may be substantially delayed in receiving regulatory approval or may not be approved at all. The FDA review process and criteria for such applications are not well established, which could also lead to delays in the approval process. The FDA has substantial discretion in the approval process and may either refuse to accept an application for substantive review or may form the opinion after review of an application that the application is insufficient to allow approval of a drug-delivery device. For example, in April 2025, the FDA issued a CRL for the EYLEA HD 8 mg pre-filled syringe, which has resulted in a delay of any potential FDA approval.

Current wording

Many of our products are used and some of our products and product candidates may be used, if approved, in combination with a drug-delivery device, including a pre-filled syringe, patch pump, auto-injector, or other delivery system. For example, in the United States and the EU, EYLEA is approved in the 2mg pre-filled syringe; and in the EU, EYLEA HD is approved in the 8 mg pre-filled syringe. The success of our products and product candidates may depend to a significant extent on the performance of such devices, some of which may be novel or comprised of complex components. Given the increased complexity of the review process when approval of the product and device is sought under a single marketing application and the additional risks resulting from a product candidate's designation as a combination product discussed below, our product candidates used with such drug-delivery devices may be substantially delayed in receiving regulatory approval or may not be approved at all. The FDA review process and criteria for such applications are not well established, which could also lead to delays in the approval process. The FDA has substantial discretion in the approval process and may either refuse to accept an application for substantive review or may form the opinion after review of an application that the application is insufficient to allow approval of a drug-delivery device. For example, in April 2025, the FDA issued a CRL for the EYLEA HD 8 mg pre-filled syringe, which has resulted in a delay of any potential FDA approval. See Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Additional Information - Clinical Development Programs - EYLEA HD" for more information about the current status of the FDA's review of the EYLEA HD pre-filled syringe. There is no guarantee that FDA approval of the EYLEA HD pre-filled syringe will be obtained in the currently anticipated time frame or at all.

Previous wording

The increased likelihood of biosimilar competition has increased the risk of loss of innovators' market exclusivity. It is also not possible to predict changes in United States regulatory law that might reduce biological product regulatory exclusivity. Due to this risk, and uncertainties regarding patent protection, it is not possible to predict the length of market exclusivity for any particular product we currently or may in the future commercialize with certainty based solely on the expiration of the relevant patent(s) or the current forms of regulatory exclusivity. Biosimilar versions of EYLEA have been recently approved in the United States, EU, and other jurisdictions, with additional biosimilar versions of EYLEA and/or EYLEA HD in development, as discussed further under "Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Marketed Products, Product Candidates, and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition -Marketed Products" above. As an EYLEA biosimilar has been launched in the United States following the expiration of the U.S. regulatory exclusivity period for EYLEA (i.e., the period during which no biosimilar product could be approved by the FDA) in May 2024, EYLEA no longer has U.S. market exclusivity. In addition, as EYLEA HD does not benefit from regulatory exclusivity in the United States, market exclusivity for EYLEA HD in the United States is based solely on our patent rights pertaining to this product (which are subject to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under "If we cannot protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, or our patents or other means of defending our intellectual property are insufficient to protect our proprietary rights, our business and competitive position will be harmed."). Any future loss of market exclusivity for a product would likely negatively affect revenues from product sales of that product and thus our financial results and condition and could have a material negative impact on our business.

Current wording

The increased likelihood of biosimilar competition has exacerbated the risk of loss of innovators' market exclusivity. It is also not possible to predict changes in United States regulatory law that might reduce biological product regulatory exclusivity. Due to this risk, and uncertainties regarding patent protection, it is not possible to predict the length of market exclusivity for any particular product we currently or may in the future commercialize with certainty based solely on the expiration of the relevant patent(s) or the current forms of regulatory exclusivity. Biosimilar versions of EYLEA have been recently approved in the United States, EU, and other jurisdictions, with additional biosimilar versions of EYLEA and/or EYLEA HD in development, as discussed further under "Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Marketed Products, Product Candidates, and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -The commercial success of our products and product candidates is subject to significant competition -Marketed Products" above. As an EYLEA biosimilar has been launched in the United States following the expiration of the U.S. regulatory exclusivity period for EYLEA (i.e., the period during which no biosimilar product could be approved by the FDA) in May 2024, EYLEA no longer has U.S. market exclusivity. In addition, as EYLEA HD does not benefit from regulatory exclusivity in the United States, market exclusivity for EYLEA HD in the United States is based solely on our patent rights pertaining to this product (which are subject to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under "If we cannot protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, or our patents or other means of defending our intellectual property are insufficient to protect our proprietary rights, our business and competitive position will be harmed."). Any future loss of market exclusivity for a product would likely negatively affect revenues from product sales of that product and thus our financial results and condition and could have a material negative impact on our business.

Previous wording

We and our collaborators, contract manufacturers, and other third-party providers are required to maintain compliance with cGMPs, and are subject to inspections by the FDA or comparable agencies in other jurisdictions to confirm such compliance. Changes of suppliers or modifications of methods of manufacturing may require amending the relevant application(s) relating to our products or product candidates to the FDA or such comparable foreign agencies and acceptance of the change by the FDA or such comparable foreign agencies prior to release of product(s). Because we produce multiple products and product candidates at our facilities in Rensselaer, New York and Limerick, Ireland, there are increased risks associated with cGMP compliance. Recently, the FDA issued CRLs to multiple companies (including us, as further discussed below) citing unresolved inspection findings at third-party manufacturers, which prevented the timely approval of such companies' marketing applications. Our inability, or the inability of our collaborators, contract manufacturers, and third-party fill/finish or other service providers, to demonstrate ongoing cGMP compliance could require us to engage in lengthy and expensive remediation efforts, identify and onboard new service providers, withdraw or recall product, halt or interrupt clinical trials, and/or interrupt commercial supply of any marketed products, and could also delay or prevent our obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products. Any delay, interruption, or other issue that arises in the manufacture, fill/finish, packaging, or storage of any drug product or product candidate as a result of a failure of our facilities or the facilities or operations of our collaborators, contract manufacturers, or other third parties to pass any regulatory agency inspection or maintain cGMP compliance could significantly impair our ability to develop, obtain approval for, and successfully commercialize our products, which would substantially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. Any finding of non-compliance could also increase our costs, cause us to delay the development of our product candidates, result in delay in our obtaining, or our not obtaining, regulatory approval of product candidates or new indications for our marketed products, and cause us to lose revenue from any marketed products, which could be seriously detrimental to our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. For example, in August 2024, the FDA issued a CRL concerning the Company's BLA for linvoseltamab in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma due to findings from a pre-approval inspection at a third-party fill/finish provider for another company's product candidate. While the linvoseltamab BLA has recently been resubmitted to the FDA, this has resulted in a delay of any potential FDA approval of this product candidate. Significant noncompliance wit…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

We and our collaborators, contract manufacturers, and other third-party providers are required to maintain compliance with cGMPs, and are subject to inspections by the FDA or comparable agencies in other jurisdictions to confirm such compliance. Changes of suppliers or modifications of methods of manufacturing may require amending the relevant application(s) relating to our products or product candidates to the FDA or such comparable foreign agencies and acceptance of the change by the FDA or such comparable foreign agencies prior to release of product(s). Because we produce multiple products and product candidates at our facilities in Rensselaer, New York and Limerick, Ireland, there are increased risks associated with cGMP compliance. Recently, the FDA issued CRLs to multiple companies (including us, as further discussed in this report or previously disclosed) citing unresolved inspection findings at third-party manufacturers, which prevented the timely approval of such companies' marketing applications. Our inability, or the inability of our collaborators, contract manufacturers, and third-party fill/finish or other service providers, to demonstrate ongoing cGMP compliance could require us to engage in lengthy and expensive remediation efforts, identify and onboard new service providers, withdraw or recall product, halt or interrupt clinical trials, and/or interrupt commercial supply of any marketed products, and could also delay or prevent our obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products. Any delay, interruption, or other issue that arises in the manufacture, fill/finish, packaging, or storage of any drug product or product candidate as a result of a failure of our facilities or the facilities or operations of our collaborators, contract manufacturers, or other third parties to pass any regulatory agency inspection or maintain cGMP compliance could significantly impair our ability to develop, obtain approval for, and successfully commercialize our products, which would substantially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. Any finding of non-compliance could also increase our costs, cause us to delay the development of our product candidates, result in delay in our obtaining, or our not obtaining, regulatory approval of product candidates or new indications for our marketed products, and cause us to lose revenue from any marketed products, which could be seriously detrimental to our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. We have recently received several CRLs from the FDA for regulatory submissions concerning our products or product candidates due to the FDA's findings from inspections at third-party manufacturers responsible for filling drug product, as discussed above under "Risks Related to Maintaining

Previous wording

Pursuant to applicable law, knowing provision of false information in connection with price reporting or contract‑based requirements under the VA FSS and/or Tricare programs can subject a manufacturer to civil monetary penalties. These program and contract-based obligations also contain extensive disclosure and certification requirements. If we overcharge the government in connection with our arrangements with FSS or Tricare, we are required to refund the difference to the government. Failure to make necessary disclosures or to identify contract overcharges can result in allegations against us under the False Claims Act and other laws and regulations. Unexpected refunds to the government, and/or response to a government investigation or enforcement action, would be expensive and time-consuming, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects.

Current wording

Pursuant to applicable law, knowing provision of false information in connection with price reporting or contract‑based requirements under the VA FSS and/or Tricare programs can subject a manufacturer to civil monetary penalties. These program and contract-based obligations also contain extensive disclosure and certification requirements. If we overcharge the government in connection with our arrangements with FSS or Tricare, we are required to refund the difference to the government. Failure to make necessary disclosures or to identify contract overcharges can result in allegations against us under the False Claims Act and other laws and regulations. Unexpected refunds to the government, and/or response to a government investigation or enforcement action, could be expensive and time-consuming, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects.

Previous wording

The U.S. federal or state governments could carry out other significant changes in legislation, regulation, or government policy, including with respect to government reimbursement changes or drug price control measures or the PPACA or other healthcare reform laws. As discussed above under "Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Marketed Products, Product Candidates, and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -Changes to product reimbursement and coverage policies and practices may materially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition," the current U.S. administration is pursuing various measures to reduce the cost of drugs in the United States, and different or additional measures may be pursued in the future. While it is not possible to predict whether and when any such changes will occur, changes in the laws, regulations, and policies governing the development and approval of our product candidates and the commercialization, importation, and reimbursement of our products could adversely affect our business. In addition, our development and commercialization activities could be harmed or delayed by a shutdown of the U.S. government, including the FDA. For example, a prolonged shutdown may significantly delay the FDA's ability to timely review and process any submissions we have filed or may file or cause other regulatory delays, which could materially and adversely affect our business. The FDA's ability to timely review and process any submissions we have filed or may file in the future may also be affected by the recent efforts to downsize the federal workforce, as discussed above under "Risks Related to Maintaining Approval of Our Marketed Products and the Development and Obtaining Approval of Our Product Candidates and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval for drug products is costly, time-consuming, and highly uncertain. If we or our collaborators do not maintain regulatory approval for our marketed products, and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products, we will not be able to market or sell them, which would materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition."

Current wording

The U.S. federal or state governments could carry out other significant changes in legislation, regulation, or government policy, including with respect to government reimbursement changes or drug price control measures or the PPACA or other healthcare reform laws. As discussed above under "Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Marketed Products, Product Candidates, and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -Changes to product reimbursement and coverage policies and practices may materially harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition," the current U.S. administration is pursuing various measures to reduce the cost of drugs in the United States, and different or additional measures may be pursued in the future. While it is not possible to predict whether and when any such changes will occur, changes in the laws, regulations, and policies governing the development and approval of our product candidates and the commercialization, importation, and reimbursement of our products could adversely affect our business. In addition, our development and commercialization activities could be harmed or delayed by a shutdown of the U.S. government, including the FDA. For example, a prolonged shutdown may significantly delay the FDA's ability to timely review and process any submissions we have filed or may file or cause other regulatory delays, which could materially and adversely affect our business. The FDA's ability to timely review and process any submissions we have filed or may file in the future may also be affected by the recent efforts to reduce the size and budgets of U.S. government agencies, downsize the federal workforce, and implement other U.S. policy changes, as discussed above under "Risks Related to Maintaining Approval of Our Marketed Products and the Development and Obtaining Approval of Our Product Candidates and New Indications for Our Marketed Products -Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval for drug products is costly, time-consuming, and highly uncertain. If we or our collaborators do not maintain regulatory approval for our marketed products, and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates or new indications for our marketed products, we will not be able to market or sell them, which would materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition."

Previous wording

The United States has recently imposed significant tariffs on imports from other countries, including a baseline tariff of 10% on imports into the United States and higher tariffs on multiple designated countries (including the EU Member States, China, Canada, and Mexico), such as "reciprocal" tariffs at varying rates. Such tariffs have prompted retaliatory measures from several countries, which may further escalate. On April 9, 2025, the United States announced that the imposition of most "reciprocal" tariffs would be paused for 90 days pending negotiations with the relevant countries. While pharmaceutical products are currently excluded from the baseline and "reciprocal" tariffs imposed by the United States, such tariffs still apply to the raw materials and other products necessary for the manufacture and formulation of our marketed products and product candidates. In addition, the current U.S. administration has expressed an intent to impose tariffs on pharmaceutical imports, with the stated policy objective of reshoring pharmaceutical manufacturing to the United States. Among other means, such tariffs may be imposed by the United States under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, pursuant to which the U.S. Department of Commerce recently initiated an investigation to determine the effects of importing pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients on national security.

Current wording

The United States has recently imposed significant tariffs on imports from other countries, including a baseline tariff of 10% on imports into the United States and higher tariffs on multiple designated countries, such as "reciprocal" tariffs at varying rates. Such tariffs have prompted retaliatory measures from several countries, which may further escalate. Certain of these tariffs have been subsequently paused or modified, and the situation remains fluid. While pharmaceutical products are currently excluded from the baseline and "reciprocal" tariffs imposed by the United States, such tariffs still apply to the raw materials and other products necessary for the manufacture and formulation of our marketed products and product candidates. In addition, the U.S. Department of Commerce has initiated an investigation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, to determine the effects of importing pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients on national security. This investigation may lead to the imposition of tariffs on pharmaceutical imports, consistent with the current U.S. administration's stated policy objective of reshoring pharmaceutical manufacturing to the United States. Further, the United States and the EU recently announced the framework of a trade agreement that is expected to impose a 15% tariff on most imports from the EU, including pharmaceutical products. However, the details of this trade agreement remain uncertain, including whether and to what extent such agreement may be impacted by the results of the Section 232 investigation.

Previous wording

We are subject to income tax in the United States and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide tax liabilities, and our effective tax rate is derived from the applicable statutory tax rates and relative earnings in each taxing jurisdiction. We record liabilities for uncertain tax positions that involve significant management judgment as to the application of law. Domestic or foreign taxing authorities have previously disagreed, and may in the future disagree, with our interpretation of tax law as applied to the operations of Regeneron and its subsidiaries or with the positions we may take with respect to particular tax issues on our tax returns. Consequently, tax assessments or judgments in excess of accrued amounts that we have estimated in preparing our financial statements may materially and adversely affect our reported effective tax rate or our cash flows. Further, other factors may adversely affect our effective tax rate, including changes in the mix of our profitability from country to country, tax effects of stock-based compensation (which depend in part on the price of our stock and, therefore, are beyond our control), and changes in tax laws or regulations. For example, the OECD Pillar Two framework has influenced tax laws in countries in which we operate, including the implementation of minimum taxes. Changes to these or other laws and regulations or their interpretations could materially adversely impact our effective tax rate or cash flows.

Current wording

We are subject to income tax in the United States and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide tax liabilities, and our effective tax rate is derived from the applicable statutory tax rates and relative earnings in each taxing jurisdiction. We record liabilities for uncertain tax positions that involve significant management judgment as to the application of law. Domestic or foreign taxing authorities have previously disagreed, and may in the future disagree, with our interpretation of tax law as applied to the operations of Regeneron and its subsidiaries or with the positions we may take with respect to particular tax issues on our tax returns. Consequently, tax assessments or judgments in excess of accrued amounts that we have estimated in preparing our financial statements may materially and adversely affect our reported effective tax rate or our cash flows. Further, other factors may adversely affect our effective tax rate, including changes in the mix of our profitability from country to country, tax effects of stock-based compensation (which depend in part on the price of our stock and, therefore, are beyond our control), and changes in tax laws or regulations. For example, the OECD Pillar Two framework has influenced tax laws in countries in which we operate, including the implementation of minimum taxes. Changes to these or other laws and regulations or their interpretations, including those resulting from the recently approved OBBBA (as discussed further in Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report), could materially adversely impact our effective tax rate or cash flows.

Previous wording

Our business is increasingly dependent on critical, complex, and interdependent information technology systems, including Internet-based systems, to support business processes as well as internal and external communications. The size and complexity of our computer systems could give rise to unidentified or unremedied systems weaknesses or breakdowns and malicious intrusions, which could impact key business processes, including those related to drug manufacturing. We have outsourced significant elements of our information technology infrastructure and operations to third parties, which may allow them to access our confidential information and may also make our systems vulnerable to service interruptions or to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by such third parties or others.

Current wording

Our business is increasingly dependent on critical, complex, and interdependent information technology systems, including Internet-based systems, to support business processes as well as internal and external communications. The size and complexity of our computer systems could give rise to unidentified or unremedied systems weaknesses or breakdowns and malicious intrusions, which could impact key business processes, including those related to drug manufacturing. We have outsourced significant elements of our information technology infrastructure and operations to third parties, which may allow them to access our confidential information and may also make our systems vulnerable to service interruptions or to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by such third parties or others. We may also be exposed to vulnerabilities due to end-of-life issues impacting hardware or software utilized in our operations.

Previous wording

In addition, our systems are potentially vulnerable to data security breaches – whether by employees or others – which may expose sensitive data to unauthorized persons. Data security breaches could lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, result in demands for ransom or other forms of blackmail, or lead to the public exposure of personal information (including sensitive personal information) of our employees, clinical trial patients, customers, and others. Such attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives (including industrial espionage or extortion) and expertise, including by organized criminal groups, "hacktivists," nation states, and others. As a company with an increasingly global presence, our systems are subject to frequent attacks and incidents. For example, in the past we have experienced, and may experience in the future, various types of cybersecurity incidents, including unauthorized access to our IT systems, data security breaches, malware incursions, denial-of-service attacks, phishing campaigns, and other similar disruptions. Similar incidents have been experienced and may in the future be experienced by certain third parties on which we rely. Although we believe, based on an assessment of the relevant facts available to us, that none of these incidents has had a material adverse impact on our operations to date, there can be no assurance that a future incident would not result in material harm to our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. There is also the potential that our systems may be directly or indirectly affected as nation-states conduct global cyberwarfare.

Current wording

In addition, our systems are potentially vulnerable to data security breaches – whether by employees or others – which may expose sensitive data to unauthorized persons. Data security breaches could lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, result in demands for ransom or other forms of extortion, or lead to the public exposure of personal information (including sensitive personal information) of our employees, clinical trial patients, customers, and others. Such attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives (including industrial espionage or extortion) and expertise, including by organized criminal groups, "hacktivists," nation states, and others. As a company with an increasingly global presence, our systems are subject to frequent attacks and incidents. For example, in the past we have experienced, and may experience in the future, various types of cybersecurity incidents, including unauthorized access to our IT systems, data security breaches, malware incursions, denial-of-service attacks, phishing campaigns, and other similar disruptions. Similar incidents have been experienced and may in the future be experienced by certain third parties on which we rely. Although we believe, based on an assessment of the relevant facts available to us, that none of these incidents has had a material adverse impact on our operations to date, there can be no assurance that a future incident would not result in material harm to our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. There is also the potential that our systems may be directly or indirectly affected as nation-states conduct global cyberwarfare.

Previous wording

Due to the nature of some of these attacks, there is a risk that an intrusion may remain undetected for a period of time. While we continue to make investments to improve the protection of data and information technology, and to oversee and monitor the security measures of our suppliers and/or service providers, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent service interruptions or security breaches. In addition, we depend in part on third-party security measures over which we do not have full control to protect against data security breaches.

Current wording

Due to the nature of some of these attacks, there is a risk that an intrusion may remain undetected for a period of time. While we continue to make investments to improve the protection and resilience of data and information technology, and to oversee and monitor the security measures of our suppliers and/or service providers, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent service interruptions or security breaches or that our business continuity and disaster recovery plans will effectively remedy any such issues or other adverse developments in a timely manner or at all. In addition, we depend in part on third-party security measures over which we do not have full control to protect against data security breaches.

Previous wording

If we or our suppliers and/or service providers fail to maintain or protect our information technology systems and data security effectively and in compliance with U.S. and foreign laws, or fail to anticipate, detect, plan for, or manage disruptions to these systems, we or our suppliers and/or service providers could have difficulty preventing, detecting, or mitigating the impact of such disruptions or security breaches, which could result in legal proceedings, liability under U.S. and foreign laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disruptions to our operations, government investigations, breach of contract claims, and damage to our reputation (in each case in the U.S. or globally), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition.

Current wording

If we or our suppliers and/or service providers fail to maintain or protect our information technology systems and data security effectively and in compliance with U.S. and foreign laws, or fail to anticipate, detect, plan for, or manage disruptions to these systems, we or our suppliers and/or service providers could have difficulty preventing, detecting, or mitigating the impact of such disruptions or security breaches, which could result in disruptions to our operations, legal proceedings, liability under U.S. and foreign laws (including those that protect the privacy of personal information), government investigations, breach of contract claims, and damage to our reputation (in each case in the U.S. or globally), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2025, we had $3.090 billion in cash and cash equivalents and $14.536 billion in marketable securities (including $1.235 billion in equity securities). Our investments consist primarily of debt securities, including investment-grade corporate bonds. These fixed-income investments are subject to external factors that may adversely affect their market value or liquidity, such as interest rate, liquidity, market, and issuer credit risks, including actual or anticipated changes in credit ratings. The equity securities we hold may experience significant volatility and may decline in value or become worthless if the issuer experiences an adverse development. Furthermore, our equity investments could be subject to dilution (and decline in value) as a result of the issuance of additional equity interests by the applicable issuer. If any of our investments suffer market price declines, such declines may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Current wording

As of June 30, 2025, we had $1.996 billion in cash and cash equivalents and $15.532 billion in marketable securities (including $1.485 billion in equity securities). Our investments consist primarily of debt securities, including investment-grade corporate bonds. These fixed-income investments are subject to external factors that may adversely affect their market value or liquidity, such as interest rate, liquidity, market, and issuer credit risks, including actual or anticipated changes in credit ratings. The equity securities we hold may experience significant volatility and may decline in value or become worthless if the issuer experiences an adverse development. Furthermore, our equity investments could be subject to dilution (and decline in value) as a result of the issuance of additional equity interests by the applicable issuer. If any of our investments suffer market price declines, such declines may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Previous wording

A small number of our shareholders beneficially own a substantial amount of our Common Stock. As of April 15, 2025, our five largest shareholders plus Dr. Schleifer, our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owned approximately 37.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the conversion of his Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of April 15, 2025. If our significant shareholders or we sell substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market, or there is a perception that such sales may occur, the market price of our Common Stock could fall. Sales of Common Stock by our significant shareholders also might make it more difficult for us to raise funds by selling equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

Current wording

A small number of our shareholders beneficially own a substantial amount of our Common Stock. As of June 30, 2025, our five largest shareholders plus Dr. Schleifer, our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owned approximately 36.1% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the conversion of his Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2025. If our significant shareholders or we sell substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market, or there is a perception that such sales may occur, the market price of our Common Stock could fall. Sales of Common Stock by our significant shareholders also might make it more difficult for us to raise funds by selling equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

Previous wording

In April 2024, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $3.0 billion of our Common Stock and, in February 2025, authorized an additional $3.0 billion for share repurchases (of which $3.874 billion remained available in the aggregate as of March 31, 2025). In February 2025, our board of directors also initiated a quarterly cash dividend program. Any future share repurchases, share repurchase program authorizations, or dividend declarations will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements, our results of operations and financial condition, the price of our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and other factors that we may deem relevant. Our share repurchases and dividend payments may change from time to time, and we can provide no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our Common Stock at favorable prices, in particular amounts, or at all, or that we will maintain or increase our quarterly cash dividend payments or declare future cash dividends. A reduction in our share repurchases or reduction in, or elimination of, our quarterly cash dividend payments could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Current wording

In February 2025, our board of directors authorized our most recent share repurchase program to repurchase up to $3.0 billion of our Common Stock (of which $2.814 billion remained available as of June 30, 2025). In February 2025, our board of directors also initiated a quarterly cash dividend program. Any future share repurchases, share repurchase program authorizations, or dividend declarations will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements, our results of operations and financial condition, the price of our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and other factors that we may deem relevant. Our share repurchases and dividend payments may change from time to time, and we can provide no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our Common Stock at favorable prices, in particular amounts, or at all, or that we will maintain or increase our quarterly cash dividend payments or declare future cash dividends. A reduction in our share repurchases or reduction in, or elimination of, our quarterly cash dividend payments could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Previous wording

Holders of Class A Stock, who are generally the shareholders who purchased their stock from us before our initial public offering, are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. As of April 15, 2025, holders of Class A Stock held 14.6% of the combined voting power of all shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock then outstanding. These shareholders, if acting together, would be in a position to substantially influence the election of our directors and the vote on certain corporate transactions that require majority or supermajority approval of the combined classes, including mergers and other business combinations. This may result in our taking corporate actions that other shareholders may not consider to be in their best interest and may affect the price of our Common Stock. As of April 15, 2025:

Current wording

Holders of Class A Stock, who are generally the shareholders who purchased their stock from us before our initial public offering, are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. As of June 30, 2025, holders of Class A Stock held 14.8% of the combined voting power of all shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock then outstanding. These shareholders, if acting together, would be in a position to substantially influence the election of our directors and the vote on certain corporate transactions that require majority or supermajority approval of the combined classes, including mergers and other business combinations. This may result in our taking corporate actions that other shareholders may not consider to be in their best interest and may affect the price of our Common Stock. As of June 30, 2025:

Previous wording

•our current executive officers and directors beneficially owned 5.3% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming conversion of their Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options and release of all restricted stock units held by such persons which are exercisable or releasable within 60 days of April 15, 2025, and 17.2% of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock, assuming the exercise of all options and release of all restricted stock units held by such persons which are exercisable or releasable within 60 days of April 15, 2025; and

Current wording

•our current executive officers and directors beneficially owned 5.4% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming conversion of their Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options and release of all restricted stock units held by such persons which are exercisable or releasable within 60 days of June 30, 2025, and 17.4% of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock, assuming the exercise of all options and release of all restricted stock units held by such persons which are exercisable or releasable within 60 days of June 30, 2025; and

Previous wording

•our five largest shareholders plus Dr. Schleifer, our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owned approximately 37.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the conversion of his Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of April 15, 2025. In addition, these five shareholders plus our Chief Executive Officer held approximately 45.3% of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock, assuming the exercise of all options held by our Chief Executive Officer which are exercisable within 60 days of April 15, 2025.

Current wording

•our five largest shareholders plus Dr. Schleifer, our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owned approximately 36.1% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the conversion of his Class A Stock into Common Stock and the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2025. In addition, these five shareholders plus our Chief Executive Officer held approximately 43.9% of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class A Stock, assuming the exercise of all options held by our Chief Executive Officer which are exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2025.