TRIMAS CORP

Previous wording

The most significant drivers affecting our financial results in first quarter 2024 compared with first quarter 2023, other than as directly impacted by sales changes, were the impact of our recent acquisitions, prior structural cost reductions within our Packaging segment, costs incurred to fulfill an abrupt increase in orders from one of our customers in our Packaging segment, improved material availability in our Aerospace segment, lower third party business diligence and consulting expenses in our corporate office in support of prospective streamlining actions and growth initiatives, and an increase in our effective tax rate.

Current wording

The most significant drivers affecting our financial results in second quarter 2024 compared with second quarter 2023, other than as directly impacted by sales changes, were the impact of our recent acquisitions and increased input costs, including expedited freight within our Packaging segment, improved material availability within our Aerospace segment, and a decrease in our effective tax rate.

Previous wording

In April 2023, we acquired Weldmac Manufacturing Company ("Weldmac"), a designer and manufacturer of complex metal fabricated components and assemblies for the aerospace, defense and space launch end markets for a purchase price of $34.0 million, with additional consideration of $5.5 million paid in July 2023 and remaining contingent consideration ranging from zero to $4.5 million based on achievement of 2023 earnings targets, as defined in the purchase agreement. Weldmac, which is reported in our Aerospace segment, is located in El Cajon, California. Weldmac contributed $11.4 million of net sales during first quarter 2024.

Current wording

In April 2023, we acquired Weldmac Manufacturing Company ("Weldmac"), a designer and manufacturer of complex metal fabricated components and assemblies predominantly for the aerospace, defense and space launch end markets for a purchase price of $34.0 million, with additional consideration of $5.5 million paid in July 2023 and remaining contingent consideration ranging from zero to $4.5 million based on achievement of 2023 earnings targets, as defined in the purchase agreement. We expect to resolve the remaining contingent consideration matter in third quarter 2024. Weldmac, which is reported in our Aerospace segment, is located in El Cajon, California. Weldmac contributed $1.4 million of acquisition-related net sales growth during second quarter 2024.

Previous wording

During first quarter 2024, one of our customers in our Packaging segment abruptly increased their orders, which required us to incur certain incremental input costs to timely fulfill certain of the customer's orders.

Current wording

During first quarter 2024, one of our customers in our Packaging segment abruptly increased their orders, requiring us to incur certain incremental input costs to timely fulfill certain of the customer's orders, for which some of these costs carried into second quarter 2024.

Previous wording

The effective income tax rate for first quarter 2024 was 28.5% as compared to 21.1% for first quarter 2023. The effective tax rate for first quarter 2024 washigher than in the prior year primarily due to increased earnings in certain foreign jurisdictions where the effective tax rate was higher than 21% and losses at certain foreign subsidiaries where no tax benefit could be recorded.

Current wording

The effective income tax rate for second quarter 2024 was 13.7% as compared to 32.2% for second quarter 2023. The effective tax rate for second quarter 2024 was lower than in the prior year primarily due to the recognition of approximately $1.4 million of tax benefit related to foreign tax loss carryforwards and a decrease in losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit could be recorded.

Previous wording

We have executed meaningful realignment actions over the past few years, primarily in our Packaging segment, to address manufacturing capacity where demand has fallen. We will continue to assess further actions if required. However, as a result of the current period of macroeconomic inflation and uncertainty and the potential impact of such factors to our future results of operations, as well as if there is an impact to TriMas' market capitalization, we may record additional cash and non-cash charges related to incremental realignment actions, asset impairments, including impairments to our goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets, inventory or customer receivable account balances.

Current wording

We have executed meaningful realignment actions over the past few years to address variable and structural costs where demand has fallen. We will continue to assess and take further actions if required. However, as a result of the current period of macroeconomic inflation and uncertainty and the potential impact of such factors to our future results of operations, as well as if there is an impact to TriMas' overall performance and market capitalization, we may record additional cash and non-cash charges related to further realignment actions, asset impairments, including impairments to our goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets, inventory or customer receivable account balances.

Previous wording

Critical factors affecting our ability to succeed include: our ability to create organic growth through product development, cross-selling and extending product-line offerings, and our ability to quickly and cost-effectively introduce and successfully launch new products; our ability to acquire and integrate companies or products that supplement existing product lines, add new distribution channels or customers, or expand our geographic coverage; our ability to manage our cost structure more efficiently via supply chain management, internal sourcing and/or purchasing of materials, selective outsourcing and/or purchasing of support functions, working capital management, and greater leverage of our administrative functions; and our ability to absorb, or recover via commercial actions, inflationary or other cost increases.

Current wording

Critical factors affecting our ability to succeed include: our ability to generate organic growth through product development, cross-selling and extending product-line offerings, and our ability to quickly and cost-effectively introduce and successfully launch new products; our ability to acquire and integrate companies or products that supplement existing product lines, add adjacent distribution channels and new customers, or expand our geographic coverage; our ability to manage our cost structure more efficiently via supply chain management, internal sourcing and/or purchasing of materials, selective outsourcing and/or purchasing of support functions, working capital management, and greater leverage of our administrative functions; and our ability to absorb, or recover via commercial actions, inflationary or other cost increases.

Previous wording

We are sensitive to price movements and availability of our raw materials supply. Our largest raw material purchases are for resins (such as polypropylene and polyethylene), steel, aluminum, superalloys (such as titanium, A286 stainless steel and Inconel) and other oil and metal-based purchased components, the costs for each of which are subject to volatility. There has also been some volatility over the past two years as a direct and indirect result of foreign trade policy, where tariffs on certain of our commodity-based products sourced from Asia have been instituted, the conflict in Eastern Europe, creating certain input material shortages, and labor shortages at certain of our raw material suppliers. We will continue to take actions to mitigate such increases, including implementing commercial pricing adjustments, holding extra inventories and resourcing to alternate suppliers and insourcing of previously sourced products. Although we believe we are generally able to mitigate the impact of higher commodity costs over time, we may experience additional material costs and disruptions in supply in the future and may not be able to pass along higher costs to our customers in the form of price increases or otherwise mitigate the impacts to our operating results.

Current wording

We are sensitive to price movements and availability of our raw materials supply. Our largest raw material purchases are for polypropylene, polyethylene, steel, aluminum, superalloys (such as titanium, A286 stainless steel and Inconel) and other oil and metal-based purchased components, the costs for each of which are subject to volatility. There has also been some volatility over the past two years as a direct and indirect result of foreign trade policy, where tariffs on certain of our commodity-based products sourced from Asia have been instituted, the conflict in Eastern Europe, creating certain input material shortages, and labor shortages at certain of our raw material suppliers. We will continue to take actions to mitigate such increases, including implementing commercial pricing adjustments, holding extra inventories and resourcing to alternate suppliers and insourcing of previously sourced products. Although we believe we are generally able to mitigate the impact of higher commodity costs over time, we may experience additional material costs and disruptions in supply in the future and may not be able to pass along higher costs to our customers in the form of price increases or otherwise mitigate the impacts to our operating results.

Previous wording

Oil-based commodity costs are a significant driver of raw materials and purchased components used within our Packaging segment. As such, an increase in crude oil often is a precursor to rising input polymeric raw material costs, for which we may experience a contractual commercial recover lag. Separately, our Arrow Engine business in our Specialty Products segment is sensitive to the demand for natural gas and crude oil in North America. For example, demand for engine, pump jack and compressor products are impacted by active oil and gas rig counts and wellhead investment activities.

Current wording

Oil-based commodity costs are a significant driver of raw materials and purchased components used within our Packaging segment. As such, an increase in crude oil or natural gas often is a precursor to rising input polymeric raw material costs, for which we may experience a contractual commercial recovery lag. Separately, our Arrow Engine business in our Specialty Products segment is sensitive to the demand for natural gas and crude oil predominantly in the United States. For example, demand for engine, pump jack and compressor products are impacted by active oil and gas rig counts and wellhead investment activities.

Previous wording

Each year, as a core tenet of the TriMas Business Model, our businesses target cost savings from Kaizen and continuous improvement initiatives in an effort to reduce, or otherwise offset, the impact of increased input and conversion costs through increased throughput and yield rates, with a goal of at least covering inflationary and market cost increases. In addition, we continuously review our operating cost structures to ensure alignment with current market demand.

Current wording

Each year, as a core tenet of the TriMas Business Model, our businesses target cost savings from Kaizen (continuous improvement) initiatives in an effort to reduce, or otherwise offset, the impact of increased input and conversion costs through increased throughput and yield rates, with a goal of at least covering inflationary and market cost increases. In addition, we continuously review our operating cost structures to ensure alignment with current market demand.

Previous wording

We continue to evaluate alternatives to redeploy the cash generated by our businesses, one of which includes returning capital to our shareholders. In 2020, our Board of Directors increased the authorization of share repurchases to a cumulative amount of $250 million. During first quarter 2024, we purchased 540,037 shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $13.3 million. As of March 31, 2024, we had $73.6 million remaining under the repurchase authorization.

Current wording

We continue to evaluate alternatives to redeploy the cash generated by our businesses, one of which includes returning capital to our shareholders. In 2020, our Board of Directors increased the authorization of share repurchases to a cumulative amount of $250 million. During second quarter 2024, we purchased 131,900 shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 million. As of June 30, 2024, we had $70.1 million remaining under the repurchase authorization.

Previous wording

In addition, infirst quarter 2024, we declared dividends of $0.04 per share of common stock and paid dividends of $1.7 million. We will continue to evaluate opportunities to return capital to shareholders through the purchase of our common stock, as well as dividends, depending on market conditions and other factors.

Current wording

In addition, insecond quarter 2024, we declared dividends of $0.04 per share of common stock and paid dividends of $1.7 million. We will continue to evaluate opportunities to return capital to shareholders through the purchase of our common stock, as well as dividends, depending on market conditions and other factors.

Previous wording

•An increase in our effective tax rate in first quarter 2024 compared with first quarter 2023.

Current wording

•A decrease in our effective tax rate in second quarter 2024 compared with second quarter 2023; and

Previous wording

•The impact of recent acquisitions, primarily Aarts and Weldmac;

Current wording

•The impact of recent acquisitions, primarily Weldmac.

Previous wording

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 5.5% and 4.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating profit increased $2.5 million, to $12.4 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher sales levels and improved fixed cost absorption, as well as reduced material availability constraints and a more favorable product sales mix within our Aerospace segment. Additionally, operating profit increased due to higher sales levels and improved fixed cost absorption as well as the favorable impact of prior realignment actions in our Packaging segment, and lower professional fees. These improvements were partially offset by the impact of lower sales levels and less favorable leveraging of fixed costs in our Specialty Products segment, and increased input costs, including expedited freight and labor, required to timely fulfill an abrupt increase in a customer's orders in our Packaging segment.

Current wording

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 7.4% and 8.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating profit decreased $2.2 million to $17.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, from $20.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to lower sales levels and less favorable leveraging of fixed costs within our Specialty Products segment. Additionally, operating profit decreased due predominantly to increased input costs, including expedited freight, production inefficiencies, as well as the year-over-year impact of a successful $2.6 million commercial settlement in the second quarter of 2023 in our Packaging segment which did not repeat, and higher technology costs in preparation for upgrades in certain of our information technology applications. The decreases were partially offset by higher sales levels and the impact of purchase accounting inventory step-up amortization in the second quarter of 2023 that did not repeat within our Packaging and Aerospace segments. Operating profit also increased due to improved fixed cost absorption, reduced material availability constraints and a more favorable product sales mix within our Aerospace segment. Operating profit further increased due to the impact of realignment costs in the second quarter of 2023 that did not repeat and the favorable impact of structural cost reduction efforts within our Packaging segment.

Previous wording

Interest expense increased $1.2 million, to $4.9 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to an increase in our weighted average borrowings and a higher effective interest rate as a result of increased borrowings from our revolving credit facility.

Current wording

Interest expense increased $1.3 million, to $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to an increase in our weighted average borrowings and a higher effective interest rate as a result of increased borrowings from our revolving credit facility.

Previous wording

Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.3 million to $15.2 million, or 11.9% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $12.9 million, or 11.1% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to $1.1 million higher information technology costs allocated from Corporate and higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with our acquisition.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.3 million to $14.1 million, or 10.7% of sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $11.8 million, or 10.1% of sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to $1.1 million higher information technology costs allocated from Corporate and higher employee-related costs.

Previous wording

Specialty Products. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $16.5 million, or 33.5%, to $32.7 million, as compared to $49.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Sales of our cylinder products decreased $9.4 million due to a continued weak end market, and in turn, lower demand for steel cylinders as customers had built up high inventory positions in 2023 and continue to work through the levels in early 2024. Sales of natural gas fired engines, compressors and related parts used in remote power generation and assistance applications for natural gas and crude oil extraction decreased by $7.1 million as customer sales rates abated from a high sales rate in first quarter 2023, and from a customer that shifted purchases to a supplier with a much broader product offering.

Current wording

Specialty Products. Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $25.2 million, or 45.0%, to $30.9 million, as compared to $56.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023. Sales of our cylinder products decreased $17.6 million, or 41.0%, due predominantly to lower sales of cylinders for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ("HVAC") applications as compared to the prior year quarter where a high rate of orders were placed by customers concerned with global supply of cylinders for HVAC applications. We believe that customers are currently in an overstocked position of cylinders for HVAC applications, which should subside by the end of 2024. Sales of natural gas fired engines, compressors and related parts used in remote power generation and assistance applications for natural gas and crude oil extraction decreased by $7.6 million, or 58.2%, primarily as a result of lower compression package sales from a customer that has reduced their ordering rate significantly as compared to prior year quarter.

Previous wording

Operating profit within Specialty Products decreased $7.1 million to $2.6 million, or 8.0% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $9.8 million, or 19.8% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower sales levels, which resulted in less favorable leveraging of fixed costs across our existing cost footprint.

Current wording

Gross profit decreased $11.9 million to $2.6 million, or 8.5% of sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $14.5 million, or 25.8% of sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to lower sales levels and significantly less favorable absorption of fixed costs.

Previous wording

Overall, net sales increased $11.6 million, or 5.4%, to $227.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared with $215.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth was $14.2 million, comprised of $2.8 million from our February 2023 acquisition of Aarts, and $11.4 million from our April 2023 acquisition of Weldmac. Organic sales, excluding the impact of currency exchange and acquisitions, decreased $3.5 million, as sales increases in our Packaging and Aerospace segments driven by end market demand improvements and market share gains were more than offset by a decrease in the Specialty Products segment due to lower market demand, primarily as a result of our customers managing inventory levels built up in 2023. In addition, net sales increased by $0.9 million due to currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were favorably impacted as a result of a weakening U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Current wording

Overall, net sales increased $19.0 million, or 4.2%, to $467.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared with $448.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth was $15.7 million, comprised of $2.8 million from our February 2023 acquisition of Aarts, and $12.9 million from our April 2023 acquisition of Weldmac. Organic sales, excluding the impact of currency exchange and acquisitions, increased $3.0 million, or 0.7%, as organic sales increases of 9.6% and 20.4% within our Packaging and Aerospace segments, respectively, driven by end market demand improvements were partially offset by a 39.6% sales decrease in our Specialty Products segment due to lower market demand. In addition, net sales increased by $0.3 million due to currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were favorably impacted as a result of a weakening U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Previous wording

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 23.2% and 22.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gross profit margin increased primarily due to higher sales levels and improved fixed cost absorption within our Packaging and Aerospace segments. In addition, gross profit margin improved due to reduced material availability constraints and a more favorable product sales mix within our Aerospace segment. These increases were partially offset by decreased sales and less favorable leveraging of fixed costs within our Specialty Products segment and increased input costs, including expedited freight and labor, required to timely fulfill an abrupt increase in a customer's orders in our Packaging segment.

Current wording

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 22.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Gross profit margin increased primarily due to higher sales levels and related improved fixed cost absorption and the impact of purchase accounting inventory step-up amortization in the first half of 2023 that did not repeat within our Packaging and Aerospace segments. Additionally, gross margin increased due to reduced material availability constraints and a more favorable product sales mix within our Aerospace segment, and the year-over-year impact of realignment costs in the first half of 2023 within our Packaging segment. These improvements were offset by decreased sales and significantly less favorable absorption of fixed costs within our Specialty Products segment, and increased input costs, including expedited freight, in our Packaging segment. In addition, the prior year period benefited from a successful $2.6 million commercial settlement in our Packaging segment.

Previous wording

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was 28.5% and 21.1%, respectively. We recorded tax expense of $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was higher than in the prior year primarily due to increased earnings in certain foreign jurisdictions where the effective tax rate was higher than 21% and losses at certain foreign subsidiaries where no tax benefit could be recorded.

Current wording

The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was 19.0% and 29.1%, respectively. We recorded tax expense of $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $6.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was lower than in the prior year primarily due to the recognition of approximately $1.4 million of tax benefit related to foreign tax loss carryforwards and a decrease in losses in jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit.

Previous wording

Net income increased by $0.2 million, to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in operating profit of $2.5 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $1.2 million, an increase in income tax expense of $0.7 million and an increase in other expense of $0.3 million.

Current wording

Net income increased by $0.2 million, to $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $15.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in operating profit of $0.2 million and a $2.8 million decrease in income tax expense, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $2.5 million and an increase in other expense of $0.4 million.

Previous wording

Packaging. Net sales increased $10.8 million, or 9.3%, to $127.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $116.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth was $2.8 million resulting from the January 2024 sales of our February 2023 acquisition of Aarts. Sales of dispensing products used primarily for personal care and home care applications increased by $7.7 million. Sales of products used for industrial applications increased by $2.3 million. These increases were partially offset by the decrease in sales of products used in food and beverage applications of $3.3 million, primarily due to reduced demand for dairy applications and lower demand for beverage closures in Europe as customers begin to cut over to new product designs. Net sales increased by $0.9 million due to currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were favorably impacted as a result of the weakening U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, as compared to first quarter 2023.

Current wording

Packaging. Net sales increased $25.4 million, or 10.9% (of which 9.6% was organic, 1.2% related to acquisitions, and 0.1% was foreign currency exchange), to $259.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $233.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth was $2.8 million resulting from the January 2024 sales of our February 2023 acquisition of Aarts. Sales of dispensing products used primarily for personal care and home care applications increased by $17.3 million. Sales of products used for our Packaging segment's industrial applications increased by $6.2 million. These increases were partially offset by the decrease in sales of products used in food and beverage applications of $3.5 million, primarily due to reduced demand for dairy applications in North America and certain closure applications in Europe as a large customer begins to cut over to a new product design from our Packaging group. Net sales increased by $0.3 million due to currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were favorably impacted as a result of the weakening U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, as compared to first half 2023.

Previous wording

Packaging's operating profit increased $2.7 million to $17.1 million, or 13.5% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $14.4 million, or 12.4% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher sales levels, improved fixed cost absorption, and the favorable impact of prior realignment actions, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses and increased input costs required to timely fulfill an abrupt increase in a customer's orders.

Current wording

Operating profit increased $3.5 million to $35.1 million, or 13.6% of sales, in the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $31.7 million, or 13.6% of sales, in the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to higher sales levels, improved fixed cost absorption, and the favorable impact of prior realignment actions, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses, the impact of a successful commercial settlement in first half of 2023 that did not repeat, and increased input costs, including expedited freight to timely fulfill an abrupt increase in a customer's orders.

Previous wording

Aerospace. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $17.4 million, or 34.7%, to $67.3 million, as compared to $50.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth from our April 2023 acquisition of Weldmac was $11.4 million. Sales of our fasteners products increased by $5.8 million due to increases in aircraft build rates and market share gains. Sales of our engineered components products increased by $0.1 million.

Current wording

Aerospace. Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased $35.3 million, or 32.1% (of which 20.4% was organic and 11.7% related to acquisitions), to $145.1 million, as compared to $109.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023. Acquisition-related sales growth from our April 2023 acquisition of Weldmac was $12.9 million. Sales of our fasteners products increased by $15.8 million due to increases in aircraft build rates, improved production yield and commercial recoveries. Sales of our engineered components products increased by $6.6 million due to improved throughput.

Previous wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.3 million to $8.4 million, or 12.5% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $7.2 million, or 14.3% of sales, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with our acquisition of Weldmac and $0.7 million higher information technology costs allocated from Corporate in the three months ended March 31, 2024, partially offset by lower intangible asset amortization expense due to certain assets becoming fully amortized.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.9 million to $17.3 million, or 11.9% of sales, in the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $15.4 million, or 14.1% of sales, in the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to higher employee-related costs, $1.3 million higher information technology costs allocated from Corporate, and higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with our acquisition of Weldmac. These increases were partially offset by lower legal costs and lower intangible asset amortization expense due to certain assets becoming fully amortized.

Previous wording

Corporate expenses decreased $1.2 million to $14.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $15.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to $2.9 million lower professional fees as we incurred costs for business strategy and other consulting services in 2023 that did not repeat. Additionally, technology costs decreased $0.1 million as $2.2 million of technology costs allocated to our segments in the first quarter of 2024 was mostly offset by $1.0 million of higher costs in preparation for upgrades in certain of our information technology applications, and by other general increases in technology costs. We largely centralized our information technology costs in the first quarter of 2023. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.7 million increase in non-cash stock compensation, due to the accelerated vesting of certain awards, and higher employee-rated costs.

Current wording

Corporate expenses decreased $1.9 million to $25.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, from $27.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to $3.3 million lower professional fees as we incurred costs for business strategy and other consulting services in 2023 that did not repeat. Additionally, technology costs decreased $0.3 million as $4.4 million of technology costs allocated to our segments in the first six months of 2024 was mostly offset by $4.1 million of higher costs in preparation for upgrades in certain of our information technology applications, and by other general increases in technology costs. We largely centralized our information technology costs in the first quarter of 2023. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in employee related costs, a $0.2 million increase in non-cash stock compensation, and higher expenses primarily due to a $0.7 million environment settlement related to a legacy TriMas operation.

Previous wording

Cash flows used by operating activities were $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to cash provided of $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Significant changes in cash flows provided by operating activities and the reasons for such changes were as follows:

Current wording

Cash flows provided by operating activities were $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to cash provided of $26.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Significant changes in cash flows provided by operating activities and the reasons for such changes were as follows:

Previous wording

•For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company generated $29.9 million in cash flows, based on the reported net income of $5.1 million and after considering the effects of non-cash items related to depreciation, amortization, gain on dispositions of assets, changes in deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation, provision for losses on accounts receivables, and other operating activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company generated $24.0 million in cash flows based on the reported net income of $4.9 million and after considering the effects of similar non-cash items, except for changes in provision for losses on accounts receivables.

Current wording

•For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we generated $59.2 million in cash flows, based on net income of $16.1 million and after considering the effects of non-cash items related to depreciation, amortization, loss on dispositions of assets, changes in deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation, provision for losses on accounts receivables, and other operating activities. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated $56.6 million in cash flows based on net income of $15.9 million and after considering the effects of similar non-cash items, except for changes in provision for losses on accounts receivables.

Previous wording

•Increases in accounts receivable resulted in a use of cash of $16.2 million and $11.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increased use of cash for each of the three month periods is due primarilyto the timing of sales and collection of cash related thereto within the periods. Days sales outstanding of receivables remained consistent through thethree months ended March 31, 2024, and increased by three days through thethree months ended March 31, 2023.

Current wording

•Increases in accounts receivable resulted in a use of cash of $24.7 million and $20.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increased use of cash for each of the six month periods is due primarilyto the timing of sales and collection of cash related thereto within the periods. Days sales outstanding of receivables decreased one day through thesix months ended June 30, 2024, and increased by four days through thesix months ended June 30, 2023.

Previous wording

•We increased our investment in inventory by $14.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, while we increased our investment in inventory by $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our days sales in inventory increased by one day through the three months ended March 31, 2024, as we continued to manage inventory levels, considering our supply needs, and balanced with sales growth within our Packaging and Aerospace segments. Our days sales in inventory decreased by two days through the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily a result of moderating inventory levels with sales level.

Current wording

•We increased our investment in inventory by $18.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, while we decreased our investment in inventory by $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our days sales in inventory decreased by five days through the six months ended June 30, 2024, as we continued to manage inventory levels, considering our supply needs, and balanced with sales growth within our Packaging and Aerospace segments. Our days sales in inventory decreased by two days through the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily a result of moderating inventory levels with sales level.

Previous wording

•Decreases in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted in a source of cash of $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These changes were primarily a result of the timing of payments made for income taxes and certain operating expenses.

Current wording

•Increases in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted in a use of cash of $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and decreases in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted a source of cash of $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. These changes were primarily a result of the timing of payments made for income taxes and certain operating expenses.

Previous wording

•Decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $3.7 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Days accounts payable on hand decreased by eight days through the three months ended March 31, 2024, while decreasing by three days through thethree months ended March 31, 2023. Our days accounts payable on hand fluctuate primarily as a result of the timing of payments made to suppliers and the mix of vendors and related terms.

Current wording

•Decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $1.2 million and $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Days accounts payable on hand decreased by seven days through the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Our days accounts payable on hand fluctuate primarily as a result of the timing of payments made to suppliers and the mix of vendors and related terms.

Previous wording

Net cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $13.1 million and $52.6 million, respectively. During the first three months of 2024, we invested $13.3 million in capital expenditures, as we continued our investment in growth, capacity and productivity-related capital projects. We also received net proceeds of $0.1 million from disposition of property and equipment. During the first three months of 2023, we invested $14.8 million in capital expenditures and paid $37.8 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Aarts.

Current wording

Net cash used for investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $23.9 million and $96.5 million, respectively. During the first six months of 2024, we invested $24.1 million in capital expenditures, as we continued our investment in growth, capacity and productivity-related capital projects. We also received net proceeds of $0.2 million from disposition of property and equipment. During the first six months of 2023, we invested $24.9 million in capital expenditures and paid $71.8 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Aarts and Weldmac.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $12.4 million and net cash used for financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $17.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we received net proceeds of $29.1 million from borrowings on our revolving credit facilities, purchased $13.3 million of outstanding common stock, used a net cash amount of $1.6 million related to our stock compensation arrangements, paid dividends of $1.7 million and paid $0.1 million related to other financing activities. Our reported net proceeds from borrowings on our revolving credit facilities considers the impact of foreign currency translation. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we purchased $10.4 million of outstanding common stock, used a net cash amount of $2.3 million related to our stock compensation arrangements, paid dividends of $1.7 million, and paid $3.0 million related to liabilities assumed in our acquisition of Aarts.

Current wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $9.3 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we received net proceeds of $31.3 million from borrowings on our revolving credit facilities, purchased $16.9 million of outstanding common stock, used a net cash amount of $1.6 million related to our stock compensation arrangements, paid dividends of $3.3 million, and paid $0.2 million related to other financing activities. Our reported net proceeds from borrowings on our revolving credit facilities considers the impact of foreign currency translation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we received net proceeds of $22.2 million from borrowings on our revolving credit facilities, purchased $13.1 million of outstanding common stock, used a net cash amount of $2.6 million related to our stock compensation arrangements, paid dividends of $3.3 million, and paid $3.1 million related to liabilities assumed in our acquisition of Aarts.

Previous wording

On or after April 15, 2024, we may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on April 15 of the years indicated below:

Current wording

We may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on April 15 of the years indicated below:

Previous wording

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our consolidated subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Senior Notes represented 30% of the total of guarantor and non-guarantor net sales, treating each as a consolidated group and excluding intercompany transactions between guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries. In addition, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented 37% and 14% of the total guarantor and non-guarantor assets and liabilities, respectively, as of March 31, 2024, treating the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries each as a consolidated group.

Current wording

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, our consolidated subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Senior Notes represented 30% of the total of guarantor and non-guarantor net sales, treating each as a consolidated group and excluding intercompany transactions between guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries. In addition, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented 37% and 14% of the total guarantor and non-guarantor assets and liabilities, respectively, as of June 30, 2024, treating the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries each as a consolidated group.

Previous wording

Amounts drawn under our revolving credit facility fluctuate daily based upon our working capital and other ordinary course needs. Availability under our revolving credit facility depends upon, among other things, compliance with our Credit Agreement's financial covenants. Our Credit Agreement contains various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting us and our subsidiaries, including the ability to, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, incur debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, asset dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The terms of our Credit Agreement require us and our subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a maximum total net leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and a minimum interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over the sum of consolidated cash interest expense, as defined, and preferred dividends, as defined). Our permitted total net leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 4.00 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2024. If we were to complete an acquisition which qualifies for a Covenant Holiday Period, as defined in our Credit Agreement, then our permitted total net leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.50 to 1.00 during that period. Our actual total net leverage ratio was 2.59 to 1.00 at March 31, 2024. Our permitted interest expense coverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.00 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2024. Our actual interest expense coverage ratio was 10.18 to 1.00 at March 31, 2024. At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with our financial covenants.

Current wording

Amounts drawn under our revolving credit facility fluctuate daily based upon our working capital and other ordinary course needs. Availability under our revolving credit facility depends upon, among other things, compliance with our Credit Agreement's financial covenants. Our Credit Agreement contains various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting us and our subsidiaries, including the ability to, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, incur debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, asset dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The terms of our Credit Agreement require us and our subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a maximum total net leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and a minimum interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over the sum of consolidated cash interest expense, as defined, and preferred dividends, as defined). Our permitted total net leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 4.00 to 1.00 as of June 30, 2024. If we were to complete an acquisition which qualifies for a Covenant Holiday Period, as defined in our Credit Agreement, then our permitted total net leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.50 to 1.00 during that period. Our actual total net leverage ratio was 2.71 to 1.00 at June 30, 2024. Our permitted interest expense coverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.00 to 1.00 as of June 30, 2024. Our actual interest expense coverage ratio was 8.92 to 1.00 at June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2024, we were in compliance with our financial covenants.

Previous wording

(3) Includes $4.5 million of acquisition-related contingent consideration and $2.0 million of finance leases as of March 31, 2024.

Current wording

(3) Includes $4.5 million of acquisition-related contingent consideration and $1.9 million of finance leases as of June 30, 2024.

Previous wording

At March 31, 2024, we had $29.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $265.0 million potentially available after giving effect to $6.0 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, 2023, we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $294.0 million potentially available after giving effect to $6.0 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. Our letters of credit are used for a variety of purposes, including support of certain operating lease agreements, vendor payment terms and other subsidiary operating activities, and to meet various states' requirements to self-insure workers' compensation claims, including incurred but not reported claims. After consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $227.0 million and $256.9 million, respectively, of borrowing capacity available for general corporate purposes.

Current wording

At June 30, 2024, we had $31.2 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $262.8 million potentially available after giving effect to $6.0 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, 2023, we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $294.0 million potentially available after giving effect to $6.0 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. Our letters of credit are used for a variety of purposes, including support of certain operating lease agreements, vendor payment terms and other subsidiary operating activities, and to meet various states' requirements to self-insure workers' compensation claims, including incurred but not reported claims. After consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $197.5 million and $256.9 million, respectively, of borrowing capacity available for general corporate purposes.