EDISON INTERNATIONAL

Unprecedented weather conditions in California due to climate change and greater concentrations of residents in high-fire risk areas, among other things, have contributed to wildfires, including those where SCE's equipment has been alleged to be associated with the fire's ignition, that have caused loss of life and substantial damage in SCE's service area.

SCE continues to implement its WMP to reduce the risk of SCE equipment contributing to the ignition of wildfires. Further to the investments SCE is making as part of its WMP, SCE also uses its PSPS program to proactively de-energize power lines as a last resort to mitigate the risk of significant wildfires during extreme weather events. In addition, California has increased its investment in wildfire prevention and fire suppression capabilities. Yet, the potential for catastrophic wildfire activity in SCE's service area still exists.

In 2025, a Continuation Account within the Wildfire Fund was established under SB 254 to supplement the Initial Account within the Wildfire Fund that was established in 2019. In recognition of the need for further action, SB 254 requires the administrator of the Wildfire Fund to submit to the California legislature and the governor, by April 1, 2026, a report that evaluates and sets forth recommendations on new models or approaches that mitigate damage, accelerate recovery, and responsibly and equitably allocate the burdens from natural catastrophes, including wildfires, across stakeholders, to complement or replace the Wildfire Fund. While Edison International and SCE continue to pursue legislative strategies to address California investor-owned utilities' exposure to wildfire-related liabilities, they cannot predict whether or when there will be a comprehensive economy-wide solution mitigating the significant risk faced by California investor-owned utilities related to wildfires.

Eaton Fire

In January 2025, several wind-driven wildfires impacted portions of SCE's service area, causing loss of life, substantial damage to both residential and business properties, and service outages for SCE customers. One of the largest of these wildfires, the Eaton Fire, ignited in SCE's service area in Los Angeles County and spread due to a number of contributing factors under conditions of an extreme Santa Ana windstorm.

The Los Angeles County Fire Department is leading the investigation into the origin and cause of the Eaton Fire, with the assistance of CAL FIRE, and has identified a preliminary area of origin of the fire. SCE has transmission facilities in the preliminary area of origin and the SED is conducting an investigation with respect to the Eaton Fire. Edison International and SCE are also aware of an ongoing investigation by the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office of the Eaton Fire for the purpose of determining whether any criminal violations have occurred. SCE could be subject to material fines, penalties, or restitution if it is determined that it failed to comply with applicable laws and regulations. SCE is not aware of any basis for felony liability with regards to the Eaton Fire. Any fines and penalties incurred in connection with the Eaton Fire will not be recoverable from insurance, from the Wildfire Fund, or through electric rates.

Multiple lawsuits related to the Eaton Fire have been initiated against SCE and Edison International byindividual plaintiffs, subrogation plaintiffs, and public entity plaintiffs related to the Eaton Fire. A bellwether jury trial in the Eaton Fire litigation has been set for January 2027.

SCE’s internal review into the facts and circumstances of the Eaton Fire is complex and ongoing. SCE's review includes ongoing inspections of its facilities and records and of third-party information and testing. While SCE has not conclusively determined that its equipment caused the ignition of the Eaton Fire, a viable explanation is that a de-energized idle SCE transmission facility in the preliminary area of origin was associated with the ignition of the fire and SCE is not aware of evidence pointing to another possible source of ignition. Absent additional evidence, SCE believes that it is likely that its equipment could have been associated with the ignition of the Eaton Fire and is pursuing settlement of claims through its Wildfire Recovery Compensation Program, a program designed to enable eligible individuals and businesses impacted by the Eaton Fire to seek expedited resolution of their claims.

SCE has entered into settlements with insurance claimants and claimants under its Wildfire Recovery Compensation Program related to the Eaton Fire. As of December 31, 2025, SCE had recorded $1.1 billion in losses related to these settlements. SCE also recorded expected recoveries from customer-funded self-insurance of $917 million, from the Wildfire Fund of $134 million, and through FERC electric rates of $70 million. The net after tax charge to earnings recorded related to the settlements is $9 million, the after-tax impact of the required $12.5 million shareholder contribution related to SCE's customer-funded self-insurance coverage.

In light of pending litigation, it is probable that Edison International and SCE will incur additional material losses in connection with the Eaton Fire. Given, among other things, the complexities associated with estimating damages, the large number and varying types of claims and the interrelationship among the claims, uncertainties related to the sufficiency of insurance held by plaintiffs and potential plaintiffs, and uncertainties related to litigation processes and the Wildfire Recovery Compensation Program, Edison International and SCE are currently unable to reasonably estimate a range of losses that may be incurred in connection with the Eaton Fire.

In January 2026, SCE filed a cross-complaint against certain public and private entities whose actions or inaction may have caused, contributed to or exacerbated the losses that resulted from the fire.

SCE will exhaust self-insurance recoveries available for losses related to the Eaton Fire as a result of costs incurred and settlements entered into as of February 11, 2026. SCE has advised the administrator of the Wildfire Fund that it anticipates that it will seek reimbursement of eligible claims arising from the Eaton Fire from the Initial Account and the administrator has confirmed that the Eaton Fire is a "covered wildfire" for purposes of accessing the Initial Account. SCE will be reimbursed for losses incurred in excess of $1.0 billion for eligible claims for third-party damages related to the Eaton Fire from the Initial Account, subject to approval of the fund administrator and the Initial Account's claims-paying capacity. The fund administrator has reported that the fund's claims-paying capacity for the Eaton Fire, as of September 30, 2025, exceeds $21 billion.

SCE will file an application with the CPUC for review of its costs and expenses related to the Eaton Fire after it has resolved all or, if authorized by the CPUC, substantially all third-party damage claims related to the fire, or upon earlier request of the fund administrator. Because SCE held a valid safety certification at the time of the Eaton Fire, SCE will be presumed to have acted prudently unless a party in the proceeding creates "serious doubt" as to the reasonableness of its conduct, in which case SCE will have the burden of dispelling that doubt and proving its conduct was prudent. The prudency standard does not necessitate perfect conduct and California Wildfire Legislation requires that the CPUC allow recovery if it determines that SCE's conduct related to the ignition of the Eaton Fire was consistent with actions of a reasonable utility. SCE believes that the CPUC's determination regarding the reasonableness of its ignition-related conduct should be based on an evaluation of the reasonableness of its overall policies, systems, and practices. The CPUC has not applied the California Wildfire Legislation prudency framework to a wildfire cost-recovery proceeding.

SCE believes that it is a reasonable operator of its electric system. Based on the information it has reviewed, SCE believes that it will be able to make a good faith showing that its conduct with respect to its transmission facilities in the preliminary area of origin was consistent with the actions of a reasonable utility.

The CPUC will determine the prudency of SCE's ignition-related conduct in a formal proceeding. If the CPUC finds that SCE's conduct related to the ignition of the Eaton Fire was not prudent, it may nevertheless allow cost recovery in full or in part taking into account factors both within and beyond SCE's control that may have exacerbated the costs, including, for example, winds, humidity, temperature, emergency response, evacuation timing and availability of firefighting resources. Because SCE held a safety certification at the time of the ignition, it will be required to reimburse the Initial Account only for amounts disallowed by the CPUC up to the applicable Liability Cap of approximately$4.3 billion, unless the fund administrator finds that SCE's actions or inactions relative to the ignition of the Eaton Fire constitute conscious or willful disregard of the rights and safety of others, in which case SCE will be required to reimburse the Initial Account for all withdrawn amounts that the CPUC disallowed.

SCE will be able to seek recovery of prudently incurred uninsured wildfire costs not covered by the Initial Account, assessed under the prudency standard clarified under the California Wildfire Legislation, through electric rates.

Overview

Multiple lawsuits and investigations related to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events have been initiated against SCE and Edison International. SCE has previously entered into settlements with a number of local public entities, subrogation and individual plaintiffs in the TKM and Woolsey Fire litigations and under the SED Agreement. As of February 11, 2026, in addition to the outstanding claims of approximately 100 of the approximately 15,000 initial individual plaintiffs, there were alleged and potential claims of certain public entity plaintiffs, including CAL OES, outstanding.

Through December 31, 2025, SCE has recorded estimated losses of $9.9 billion, recoveries from insurance of $2.0 billion, all of which have been collected, and expected recoveries through electric rates of $3.4 billion, $413 million of which has been collected through FERC rates subject to refund, related to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events claims. The cumulative after-tax net charges to earnings recorded through December 31, 2025, have been $3.2 billion.

As of December 31, 2025, SCE had paid $9.7 billion under executed settlements and had $48 million to be paid under executed settlements, including $42 million to be paid under the SED Agreement, related to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events. After giving effect to all payment obligations under settlements entered into through December 31, 2025, Edison International's and SCE's best estimate of expected losses for remaining alleged and potential claims related to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events was $144 million.

Estimated losses for the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events litigation are based on a number of assumptions and are subject to change as additional information becomes available. Actual losses incurred may be higher or lower than estimated based on several factors, including the uncertainty in estimating damages that have been or may be alleged. Edison International and SCE may incur a material loss in excess of amounts accrued in connection with the remaining alleged and potential claims related to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events.

Approval of CPUC-Jurisdictional Rate Recovery in 2025

In 2025, SCE recorded regulatory assets for recoveries permitted under the TKM Settlement Agreement and Woolsey Settlement Agreement. Under the TKM Settlement Agreement and the Woolsey Settlement Agreement, SCE is allowed to permanently exclude any after-tax charges to equity associated with the costs disallowed, waived, or funded by shareholders in the settlement agreements and the debt issued to finance those costs from its CPUC regulatory capital structure.

TKM Settlement Agreement

In January 2025, the CPUC approved the TKM Settlement Agreement under which SCE is authorized to recover 60%, or approximately $1.6 billion, of approximately $2.7 billion of losses, consisting of approximately $1.3 billion of uninsured claims paid as of May 31, 2024 and $0.3 billion of associated costs, composed of legal and financing costs incurred as of May 31, 2024 and estimated ongoing financing costs. SCE is also authorized to recover 60% of claims paid and related costs incurred after May 31, 2024, other than for $125 million of uninsured claims and related financing costs which SCE waived its right to seek recovery of under the SED Agreement. In August 2025, the CPUC authorized SCE to finance these amounts through the issuance of securitized bonds and, in December 2025, SCE issued securitized bonds in the amount of $1.6 billion to finance cost recoveries authorized under the TKM Settlement Agreement.

Under the TKM Settlement Agreement, SCE is also authorized to recover approximately $55 million of approximately $65 million in restoration costs incurred. Further, as required under the TKM Settlement Agreement, SCE recorded $50 million of shareholder-funded wildfire mitigation expenses in 2025.

Woolsey Settlement Agreement

In December 2025, the CPUC approved the Woolsey Settlement Agreement. As a result, SCE recorded cost recoveries through CPUC electric rates of approximately $2.0 billion, of approximately $5.6 billion of losses, consisting of approximately $1.6 billion of uninsured claims paid as of May 31, 2025, and $0.4 billion of costs, composed of legal costs paid as of May 31, 2025, and estimated ongoing financing costs. SCE was also authorized to recover 35% of claims paid and related costs incurred after May 31, 2025. SCE’s requests for recovery excluded $250 million of uninsured claims and related financing costs which SCE waived its right to seek recovery of under the SED Agreement. In January 2026, SCE filed an application to seek approval from the CPUC to finance the amounts authorized under the Woolsey Settlement Agreement through the issuance of securitized bonds. The parties to the Woolsey Settlement Agreement agreed that if SCE’s anticipated application for securitization is denied, the authorized amounts will be recovered in rates over five years, financed using long-term debt.

Under the Woolsey Settlement Agreement, SCE is also authorized to recover approximately $71 million of approximately $84 million in restoration costs incurred. In the Woolsey Settlement Agreement, SCE also waived its right to seek recovery of uninsured losses tracked in a Wildfire Expense Memorandum Account and incurred in connection with fires that ignited prior to July 12, 2019, the date AB 1054 was adopted. SCE estimates that the waived pre-AB 1054 losses are approximately $157 million.

Other Wildfire Events

In addition to the 2017/2018 Wildfire/Mudslide Events, several other wildfires significantly impacted portions of SCE's service area prior to 2025, including the 2017 Creek Fire, the 2019 Saddle Ridge Fire, the 2020 Bobcat Fire, the 2020 Silverado Fire, the 2022 Coastal Fire and the 2022 Fairview Fire.

Through December 31, 2025, SCE has recorded total estimated losses of $1.2 billion, expected recoveries from insurance and third parties of $800 million and expected recoveries through electric rates of $130 million related to the Other Wildfire Events claims. The cumulative after-tax net charges to earnings recorded through December 31, 2025, have been $165 million.

As of December 31, 2025, SCE had paid $943 million under executed settlements and had $4 million to be paid under executed settlements related to the Other Wildfire Events and Edison International's and SCE's estimated losses for remaining alleged and potential claims (established at the low end of the estimated range of reasonably possible losses) related to the Other Wildfire Events was $213 million. As of the same date, SCE had assets for expected recoveries through insurance and third parties of $237 million and through electric rates of $116 million on its consolidated balance sheets related to the Other Wildfire Events.

Edison International and SCE may incur material losses in excess of the amounts accrued for certain of the Other Wildfire Events. Edison International and SCE expect that additional losses incurred in connection with any such fire will be covered by insurance, subject to self-insured retentions and co-insurance, and expect that any such additional losses after expected recoveries from insurance, and third parties, and through electric rates will not be material.

In light of the prudency standard the CPUC is required to apply under California Wildfire Legislation to utilities holding a safety certification at the time a wildfire ignited after July 12, 2019, SCE has concluded, at this time, that both uninsured CPUC-jurisdictional and uninsured FERC-jurisdictional wildfire-related costs related to the Other Wildfire Events that ignited after July 2019 for which it has deferred as regulatory assets are probable of recovery through electric rates. SCE will continue to evaluate the probability of recovery based on available evidence, including regulatory decisions, such as any CPUC decisions illustrating the interpretation and/or application of the prudency standard under California Wildfire Legislation, and, for each applicable fire, evidence that could cast serious doubt as to the reasonableness of SCE's conduct relative to that fire.

For further information on Southern California Wildfires and Mudslides, see "Risk Factors," "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Wildfire Fund," "Business—Southern California Wildfires" and "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies—Contingencies—Southern California Wildfires and Mudslides" in this report.