PULTEGROUP INC/MI/
For the period ended Sep 30, 2026. Filed Oct 22, 2026.
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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Sep 30, 2026 · Filed Oct 22, 2026
Contents
Note
- Segment information
Our Homebuilding operations are engaged in the acquisition and development of land primarily for residential purposes within the U.S. and the construction of housing on such land. For reporting purposes, our Homebuilding operations are aggregated intosix reportable segments:
| Northeast: | Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia |
|---|---|
| Southeast: | Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee |
| Florida: | Florida |
| Midwest: | Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio |
| Texas: | Texas |
| West: | Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington |
We also have a reportable segment for our Financial Services operations, which consist principally of mortgage banking, title, and insurance agency operations. The Financial Services segment operates generally in the same markets as the Homebuilding segments. Evaluation of segment performance is generally based on income before income taxes. Each reportable segment generally follows the same accounting policies described in Note 1.
| Operating Data by Segment ($000’s omitted) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Revenues: | ||||
| Northeast | $254,573 | $303,181 | $666,061 | $900,352 |
| Southeast | 681,534 | 770,295 | 2,002,088 | 2,156,041 |
| Florida | 1,102,778 | 1,098,712 | 3,070,529 | 3,116,603 |
| Midwest | 664,353 | 719,327 | 1,827,794 | 1,993,116 |
| Texas | 361,579 | 409,160 | 1,089,470 | 1,287,491 |
| West | 794,213 | 946,662 | 2,316,177 | 2,815,217 |
| Other homebuilding (a) | 7,790 | 54,207 | 117,544 | 137,144 |
| 3,866,820 | 4,301,544 | 11,089,663 | 12,405,964 | |
| Financial Services | 107,026 | 103,255 | 275,712 | 295,241 |
| Consolidated revenues | $3,973,846 | $4,404,799 | $11,365,375 | $12,701,205 |
| Cost of revenues | ||||
| Northeast | $(182,407) | $(211,608) | $(473,442) | $(605,945) |
| Southeast | (489,065) | (534,351) | (1,450,539) | (1,488,573) |
| Florida | (784,999) | (775,440) | (2,204,256) | (2,189,091) |
| Midwest | (466,400) | (506,999) | (1,292,318) | (1,413,295) |
| Texas | (291,175) | (311,384) | (851,397) | (963,097) |
| West | (667,799) | (759,282) | (1,924,068) | (2,232,067) |
| Other homebuilding (b) | (25,057) | (82,546) | (162,946) | (205,548) |
| $(2,906,902) | $(3,181,610) | $(8,358,966) | $(9,097,616) | |
| Selling, general, and administrative expenses: | ||||
| Northeast | $(24,101) | $(24,901) | $(71,567) | $(75,189) |
| Southeast | (73,720) | (75,418) | (217,537) | (216,580) |
| Florida | (102,924) | (100,587) | (300,646) | (299,681) |
| Midwest | (63,994) | (61,387) | (188,481) | (181,760) |
| Texas | (51,586) | (54,898) | (151,105) | (168,900) |
| West | (77,971) | (85,333) | (236,069) | (252,769) |
| Other homebuilding (c) | (2,902) | 1,843 | 4,908 | 10,407 |
| $(397,198) | $(400,681) | $(1,160,497) | $(1,184,472) | |
| Operating Data by Segment ($000’s omitted) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Other segment items (d): | ||||
| Northeast | $(2,756) | $(1,141) | $(6,274) | $(3,880) |
| Southeast | (7,364) | (7,422) | (18,528) | (20,349) |
| Florida | (6,020) | (7,105) | (17,859) | (19,108) |
| Midwest | (2,665) | (3,035) | (7,474) | (6,403) |
| Texas | (4,766) | (4,659) | (9,206) | (12,340) |
| West | (9,032) | (9,329) | (15,045) | (23,592) |
| Other homebuilding (e) | 49,531 | 36,868 | 105,711 | 94,865 |
| 16,928 | 4,177 | 31,325 | 9,193 | |
| Financial Services | (61,468) | (58,897) | (180,196) | (172,228) |
| $(44,540) | $(54,720) | $(148,871) | $(163,035) | |
| Income before income taxes (f): | ||||
| Northeast | $45,309 | $65,531 | $114,778 | $215,338 |
| Southeast | 111,385 | 153,104 | 315,484 | 430,539 |
| Florida | 208,835 | 215,580 | 547,768 | 608,723 |
| Midwest | 131,294 | 147,906 | 339,521 | 391,658 |
| Texas | 14,052 | 38,219 | 77,762 | 143,154 |
| West | 39,411 | 92,718 | 140,995 | 306,789 |
| Other homebuilding | 29,362 | 10,372 | 65,217 | 36,868 |
| 579,648 | 723,430 | 1,601,525 | 2,133,069 | |
| Financial Services | 45,558 | 44,358 | 95,516 | 123,013 |
| Consolidated income before income taxes | $625,206 | $767,788 | $1,697,041 | $2,256,082 |
(a)Other homebuilding includes revenues from land sales and construction services.
(b)Other homebuilding includes cost of revenues related to land sales, construction services, and amortization of capitalized interest.
(c)Other homebuilding includes eliminations of corporate overhead allocated to the operating segments.
(d)Other segment items reflects other sources of income and expense, including internal capital charge allocations that are eliminated within Other homebuilding.
(e)Other homebuilding includes income from unconsolidated entities, interest, the amortization of intangible assets, and other items not allocated to the operating segments. Other homebuilding also includes a gain of $21.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 related to the divestiture of certain manufacturing assets.
(f)Income before income taxes includes certain land-related charges (see the following table and Note 2).
| Operating Data by Segment ($000’s omitted) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Land-related charges (a): | ||||
| Northeast | $1,243 | $160 | $1,800 | $401 |
| Southeast | 3,629 | 3,099 | 7,731 | 8,773 |
| Florida | 877 | 1,200 | 13,610 | 6,489 |
| Midwest | 1,336 | 898 | 2,655 | 2,501 |
| Texas | 15,948 | 7,840 | 21,448 | 12,190 |
| West | 13,468 | 13,710 | 15,603 | 37,134 |
| Other homebuilding | 968 | 720 | 2,183 | 2,323 |
| $37,469 | $27,627 | $65,030 | $69,811 | |
(a) Land-related charges include land impairments, NRV adjustments on land held for sale, and write-offs of deposits and pre-acquisition costs for land option contracts we elected not to pursue. Other homebuilding consists primarily of write-offs of capitalized interest related to such land-related charges.
| Operating Data by Segment ($000’s omitted) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Depreciation and amortization: | ||||
| Northeast | $1,108 | $770 | $3,061 | $2,488 |
| Southeast | 3,312 | 3,059 | 9,546 | 7,726 |
| Florida | 4,963 | 4,797 | 14,348 | 14,285 |
| Midwest | 3,031 | 2,348 | 8,322 | 6,741 |
| Texas | 2,354 | 2,099 | 6,195 | 6,013 |
| West | 5,230 | 4,811 | 15,617 | 13,568 |
| Other homebuilding | 3,142 | 5,490 | 10,426 | 17,143 |
| 23,140 | 23,374 | 67,515 | 67,964 | |
| Financial Services | 3,551 | 2,460 | 9,111 | 7,585 |
| $26,691 | $25,834 | $76,626 | $75,549 | |
| Operating Data by Segment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ($000's omitted) | ||||
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||
| TotalInventory | TotalAssets | TotalInventory | TotalAssets | |
| Northeast | $910,753 | $1,036,464 | $735,538 | $830,114 |
| Southeast | 2,546,187 | 2,943,338 | 2,224,780 | 2,646,216 |
| Florida | 3,449,016 | 3,966,197 | 3,204,259 | 3,664,325 |
| Midwest | 1,504,192 | 1,675,918 | 1,406,118 | 1,560,397 |
| Texas | 1,560,226 | 1,861,368 | 1,545,253 | 1,829,532 |
| West | 4,017,955 | 4,498,707 | 3,720,564 | 4,224,604 |
| Other homebuilding (a) | 102,180 | 1,623,223 | 88,901 | 2,400,496 |
| 14,090,509 | 17,605,215 | 12,925,413 | 17,155,684 | |
| Financial Services | — | 879,691 | — | 892,739 |
| $14,090,509 | $18,484,906 | $12,925,413 | $18,048,423 | |
(a)Other homebuilding primarily includes cash and equivalents, capitalized interest, intangibles, deferred tax assets, other corporate items that are not allocated to the operating segments, and eliminations of certain inventory not owned allocated to the operating segments. Other homebuilding also includes goodwill of $40.4 million at both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
- Debt
Notes payable
Our notes payable are summarized as follows ($000’s omitted):
| September 30,2026 | December 31,2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| 5.500% unsecured senior notes due March 2026 (a) | $— | $251,867 |
| 5.000% unsecured senior notes due January 2027 (a) | — | 337,277 |
| 4.250% unsecured senior notes due March 2031 (a) | 400,000 | — |
| 7.875% unsecured senior notes due June 2032 (a) | 300,000 | 300,000 |
| 6.375% unsecured senior notes due May 2033 (a) | 400,000 | 400,000 |
| 6.000% unsecured senior notes due February 2035 (a) | 300,000 | 300,000 |
| 4.900% unsecured senior notes due March 2036 (a) | 400,000 | — |
| Net premiums, discounts, and issuance costs (b) | (16,496) | (5,231) |
| Total senior notes | $1,783,504 | $1,583,913 |
| Other notes payable | 25,392 | 47,185 |
| Notes payable | $1,808,896 | $1,631,098 |
| Estimated fair value | $1,800,092 | $1,755,396 |
(a)Redeemable prior to maturity; guaranteed on a senior basis by certain wholly-owned subsidiaries.
(b)The carrying value of senior notes reflects the impact of premiums, discounts, and issuance costs that are amortized to interest cost over the respective terms of the senior notes.
In February 2026, we issued $800.0 million of unsecured senior notes, consisting of $400.0 million of 4.250% senior notes scheduled to mature on March 1, 2031, and $400.0 million of 4.900% senior notes scheduled to mature on March 1, 2036. The net proceeds from the February 2026 senior notes issuance were used to repay at maturity $251.9 million principal amount of unsecured senior notes which matured on March 1, 2026, and to redeem in full prior to maturity all $337.3 million principal amount of unsecured senior notes which were scheduled to mature in January 2027, and, in each case, to pay any premium and accrued interest in respect thereof, with the remaining net proceeds used for general corporate purposes.
Other notes payable
Other notes payable include non-recourse and limited recourse notes with third parties that totaled $25.4 million and $47.2 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. These notes have maturities ranging up tofour years, are secured by the applicable land positions to which they relate, and generally have no recourse to other assets. The stated interest rates on these notes range up to 9%. We recorded $34.2 million and $13.1 million of inventory through seller financing in the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively.
Revolving credit facility
We maintain a revolving credit facility with third-party lenders entered into in June 2022 (the "Original Revolving Credit Facility", and, as amended, the "Revolving Credit Facility") scheduled to mature in February 2031. The Original Revolving Credit Facility was amended and restated in February 2026 to (i) extend the maturity from June 2027 to February 2031, (ii) increase the total committed capacity from $1.25 billion to $1.75 billion, and (iii) expand the uncommitted accordion feature from $500.0 million to $750.0 million, providing for potential capacity of up to $2.5 billion, subject to customary conditions and additional lender commitments. The Revolving Credit Facility provides for the issuance of letters of credit that reduce the available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility, up to the maximum borrowing capacity. The interest rate on borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be based on either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or a base rate, plus an applicable margin, as defined therein. The Revolving Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum Tangible Net Worth and a maximum Debt-to-Capitalization Ratio (as each term is defined in the Revolving Credit Facility). As of September 30, 2026, we were in compliance with all covenants and requirements of the Revolving Credit Facility. Outstanding balances under the Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
At September 30, 2026, we hadno borrowings outstanding, $368.3 million of letters of credit issued, and $1.4 billion of remaining capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility. At December 31, 2025, we hadno borrowings outstanding, $357.1 million of letters of credit issued, and $892.9 million of remaining capacity under the Original Revolving Credit Facility.
Joint venture debt
At September 30, 2026, aggregate outstanding debt of unconsolidated joint ventures was $64.6 million.
Financial Services debt
Pulte Mortgage entered into a master repurchase agreement (the "Repurchase Agreement") in August 2026 with third-party lenders that matures on August 10, 2027. The Repurchase Agreement replaced a substantially similar agreement that previously existed with different lenders (the "Original Repurchase Agreement"). The maximum aggregate commitment under the Repurchase Agreement was $625.0 million at September 30, 2026, which continues until maturity. Borrowings under the Repurchase Agreement are secured by residential mortgage loans available-for-sale. The Repurchase Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants applicable to Pulte Mortgage, including quantitative thresholds related to net worth, net income, and liquidity. At September 30, 2026, Pulte Mortgage had $383.2 million outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 5.61% and $241.8 million of remaining capacity under the Repurchase Agreement. At December 31, 2025, Pulte Mortgage had $532.3 million outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 5.51% and $92.7 million of remaining capacity under the Original Repurchase Agreement. Pulte Mortgage was in compliance with all covenants and requirements as of such dates.
- Shareholders’ equity
In the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we declared cash dividends totaling $148.1 million and repurchased 8.4 million shares under our share repurchase authorization for $1.0 billion. In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we declared cash dividends totaling $132.2 million and repurchased 8.2 million shares under our share repurchase authorization for $900.0 million. On January 29, 2025, the Board of Directors increased our share repurchase authorization by $1.5 billion, which was publicly announced on January 30, 2025. On April 22, 2026, the Board of Directors approved an additional increase to our share repurchase authorization of $1.5 billion, which was publicly announced on April 23, 2026. At September 30, 2026, we had remaining authorization to repurchase $1.5 billion of common shares.
Under our share-based compensation plans, we accept shares as payment under certain conditions related to the vesting of shares, generally related to the payment of minimum tax obligations. In the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, participants surrendered shares valued at $39.6 million and $24.3 million, respectively, under these plans. Such share transactions are excluded from the above noted share repurchase authorization.
- Income taxes
Our effective tax rate was 23.9% and 23.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared with 23.7% and 23.9% for the comparable prior year periods in 2025. Our effective tax rate for each of these periods differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income tax expense and federal tax credits. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 also includes benefits from stock-based compensation.
At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had net deferred tax liabilities of $423.9 million and $399.3 million, respectively. The accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between estimated and actual results could result in changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets that could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position. Changes in existing tax laws could also affect actual tax results and the realization of deferred tax assets over time.
Unrecognized tax benefits represent the difference between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefits recognized for financial statement purposes. We had $29.1 million and $29.9 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Additionally, we hadno accrued interest and penalties at September 30, 2026 and $0.6 million at December 31, 2025.
- Fair value disclosures
Accounting Standards Codification 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, provides a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy can be summarized as follows:
| Level 1 | Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
|---|---|
| Level 2 | Fair value determined using significant observable inputs, generally either quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices in markets that are not active. |
| Level 3 | Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs, such as pricing models, discounted cash flows, or similar techniques. |
Our assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value are summarized below ($000’s omitted):
| Financial Instrument · Fair ValueHierarchy · Fair Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| September 30,2026 | December 31,2025 | ||
| Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | |||
| Residential mortgage loans available-for-sale | Level 2 | $433,947 | $613,665 |
| IRLCs | Level 2 | (97,867) | (19,370) |
| Forward contracts | Level 2 | 79,442 | (91) |
| Whole loan commitments | Level 2 | (280) | (61) |
| Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | |||
| House and land inventory | Level 3 | $51,947 | $55,119 |
| Disclosed at fair value: | |||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | Level 1 | $1,408,027 | $2,008,776 |
| Financial Services debt | Level 2 | 383,245 | 532,338 |
| Senior notes payable | Level 2 | 1,774,700 | 1,708,211 |
| Other notes payable | Level 2 | 25,392 | 47,185 |
Fair values for agency residential mortgage loans available-for-sale are determined based on quoted market prices for comparable instruments. Fair values for non-agency residential mortgage loans available-for-sale are determined based on purchase commitments from whole loan investors and other relevant market information available to management. Fair values for IRLCs, including the value of servicing rights, and forward contracts on mortgage-backed securities are valued based on market prices for similar instruments. Fair values for whole loan commitments are based on market prices for similar instruments from the specific whole loan investor.
The carrying amounts of cash and equivalents, Financial Services debt and other notes payable approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature and/or floating interest rate terms. The fair values of senior notes are based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of similar issues. The carrying value of senior notes was $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
- Commitments and contingencies
Letters of credit and surety bonds
In the normal course of business, we post letters of credit and surety bonds pursuant to certain performance-related obligations, as security for certain land option agreements, and under various insurance programs. The majority of these letters of credit and surety bonds are in support of our land development and construction obligations to various municipalities, other government agencies, and utility companies related to the construction of roads, sewers, and other infrastructure. We had outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds totaling $368.3 million and $3.0 billion, respectively, at September 30, 2026, and $357.1 million and $3.1 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2025. In the event any such letter of credit or surety bond is drawn, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit or surety bond. Our surety bonds generally do not have stated expiration dates; rather we are released from the surety bonds as the underlying contractual performance is completed. Because significant construction and development work has been performed related to projects that have not yet received final acceptance by the respective counterparties, the aggregate amount of surety bonds outstanding is in excess of the projected cost of the remaining work to be performed. We do not believe that a material amount, if any, of the letters of credit or surety bonds will be drawn.
Litigation and regulatory matters
We are involved in various litigation and legal claims in the normal course of our business operations, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. We are also subject to a variety of local, state, and federal laws and regulations related to land development activities, house construction standards, sales practices, mortgage lending operations, employment practices, and protection of the environment. As a result, we are subject to periodic examination or inquiry by various governmental agencies that administer these laws and regulations.
We establish liabilities for litigation, legal claims, and regulatory matters when such matters are both probable of occurring and any potential loss is reasonably estimable. We accrue for such matters based on the facts and circumstances specific to each matter and revise these estimates as the matters evolve. In such cases, an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts currently accrued may exist. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of these legal and regulatory matters, we generally cannot predict the ultimate resolution of the pending matters, the related timing, or the eventual loss. While the outcome of such contingencies cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the resolution of such matters will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. However, to the extent the liability arising from the ultimate resolution of any matter exceeds the estimates reflected in the recorded reserves relating to such matter, we could incur additional charges that could be significant.
Warranty liabilities
Home buyers are provided with a limited warranty against certain building defects, including aone-year comprehensive limited warranty and coverage for certain other aspects of the home's construction and operating systems for periods of up to, and, in limited instances, exceeding,10 years. We estimate the costs to be incurred under these warranties and record liabilities in the amount of such costs at the time product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect our warranty liabilities include the number of homes sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and the projected cost per claim. We periodically assess the adequacy of the warranty liabilities for each geographic market in which we operate and adjust the amounts as necessary. Actual warranty costs in the future could differ from the current estimates. Changes to warranty liabilities were as follows ($000’s omitted):
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Warranty liabilities, beginning of period | $126,537 | $133,717 | $128,717 | $130,538 |
| Reserves provided | 21,334 | 21,164 | 64,212 | 73,455 |
| Payments | (25,455) | (25,420) | (73,453) | (75,763) |
| Other adjustments | 1,202 | 2,868 | 4,142 | 4,099 |
| Warranty liabilities, end of period | $123,618 | $132,329 | $123,618 | $132,329 |
Self-insured risks
We maintain, and require our subcontractors to maintain, general liability insurance coverage. We also maintain builders' risk, property, errors and omissions, workers compensation, and other business insurance coverages. These insurance policies protect us against a portion of the risk of loss from potential claims. However, we retain a significant portion of the overall risk for such claims either through our own self-insured per occurrence and aggregate retentions, deductibles, policies issued by our captive insurance subsidiaries, and any potential claims in excess of available insurance policy limits.
Our general liability insurance includes coverage for certain construction defects. While construction defect claims may relate to a variety of issues, the majority of our claims relate to alleged problems with siding, windows, roofing, and foundations. The availability of general liability insurance for the homebuilding industry and its subcontractors has become increasingly limited, and the insurance policies available require companies to retain significant per occurrence and aggregate retention levels. In certain instances, we may offer our subcontractors the opportunity to purchase general liability insurance through one of our captive insurance subsidiaries or participate in a project-specific insurance program. Policies issued by our captive insurance subsidiaries represent self-insurance of these risks by us, limited by reinsurance policies that we purchase. General liability coverage for the homebuilding industry is complex, and our coverage varies from policy year to policy year. Our insurance coverage requires a per occurrence retention as well as an overall aggregate amount. Amounts paid to resolve insured claims apply to our per occurrence and aggregate retention obligations. Any amounts incurred in excess of the occurrence or aggregate retention levels are covered by insurance up to the purchased coverage levels. Our insurance policies, including the captive insurance subsidiaries' reinsurance policies, are maintained with highly-rated carriers for whom we believe counterparty default risk is not significant.
At any point in time, we are managing numerous individual claims related to general liability, property, errors and omission, workers compensation, and other business insurance coverages. We reserve for costs associated with these claims (including expected claims management expenses) on an undiscounted basis at the time revenue is recognized for each home closing and evaluate the recorded liabilities based on actuarial analyses of our historical claims. The actuarial analyses calculate estimates of the ultimate net cost of all unpaid losses, including estimates for incurred but not reported losses ("IBNR"). IBNR represents losses related to claims incurred but not yet reported plus development on reported claims.
Our recorded reserves for all such claims totaled $259.8 million and $259.4 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The recorded reserves include loss estimates related to both (i) existing claims and related claim expenses and (ii) IBNR and related claim expenses. Liabilities related to IBNR and related claim expenses represented approximately 71% and 74% of the total general liability reserves at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The actuarial analyses that determine the IBNR portion of reserves consider a variety of factors, including the frequency and severity of losses, which are based on our historical claims experience supplemented by industry data. The actuarial analyses of the reserves also consider historical third party recovery rates and claims management expenses.
Volatility in both national and local housing market conditions may affect the frequency and cost of construction defect claims. Additionally, IBNR estimates comprise the substantial majority of our liability and are subject to a high degree of uncertainty due to a variety of factors, including changes in claims reporting and resolution patterns, third party recoveries, insurance industry practices, the regulatory environment, and legal precedent. State regulations vary, but construction defect claims are typically reported and resolved over an extended time period often exceeding ten years. Changes in the frequency and timing of reported claims and estimates of specific claim values can impact the underlying inputs and trends utilized in the actuarial analyses, which could have a material impact on the recorded reserves. Because of the inherent uncertainty in estimating future losses and the timing of such losses related to these claims, actual costs could differ significantly from estimated costs.
Adjustments to reserves are recorded in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. Costs associated with our insurance programs are classified within selling, general, and administrative expenses. Changes in these liabilities were as follows ($000's omitted):
| Three Months Ended · Nine Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 30, | September 30, | |||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |
| Balance, beginning of period | $262,207 | $273,448 | $259,410 | $267,474 |
| Reserves provided | 10,555 | 12,433 | 32,889 | 36,363 |
| Adjustments to previously recorded reserves | — | — | (13,514) | (8,666) |
| Payments, net | (12,952) | (3,859) | (18,975) | (13,149) |
| Balance, end of period | $259,810 | $282,022 | $259,810 | $282,022 |
Leases
We lease certain office space and equipment for use in our operations. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and combine lease and non-lease components for all leases. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet for all leases with an expected term of at least one year. Some leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at our discretion. The depreciable lives of ROU assets and leasehold improvements are limited to the expected lease term. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a pro rata share of the lessor’s operating costs which are variable in nature. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
ROU assets are classified within other assets on the balance sheet, while lease liabilities are classified within accrued and other liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. ROU assets and lease liabilities were $107.8 million and $123.2 million at September 30, 2026, respectively, and $109.7 million and $133.2 million at December 31, 2025, respectively. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 we recorded an additional $7.6 million and $13.0 million, respectively, of lease liabilities under operating leases, and $2.7 million and $36.7 million, respectively, in the comparable prior year periods. Payments on lease liabilities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 totaled $6.0 million and $19.3 million, respectively, and $5.7 million and $17.2 million in the comparable prior year periods.
Lease expense includes costs for leases with terms in excess of one year as well as short-term leases with terms of less than one year. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 our total lease expense was $13.3 million and $41.0 million, respectively, and $14.6 million and $45.6 million in the comparable prior year periods. Our total lease expense is inclusive of variable lease costs of $2.0 million and $6.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $2.0 million and $7.3 million in the comparable prior year periods, as well as short-term lease costs of $4.6 million and $13.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $6.0 million and $17.4 million in the comparable prior year periods. Sublease income was de minimis.
The future minimum lease payments required under our leases as of September 30, 2026 were as follows ($000's omitted):
| Years Ending December 31, | |
|---|---|
| 2026 (a) | $8,616 |
| 2027 | 26,828 |
| 2028 | 25,788 |
| 2029 | 22,321 |
| 2030 | 19,344 |
| Thereafter | 38,314 |
| Total lease payments (b) | 141,211 |
| Less: Interest (c) | (18,014) |
| Present value of lease liabilities (d) | $123,197 |
(a)Remaining payments are for the three months ending December 31, 2026.
(b)Lease payments include options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and exclude $0.6 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at September 30, 2026.
(c)Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. As a result, we must estimate our discount rate for such leases to determine the present value of lease payments at the lease commencement date.
(d)The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate used in calculating our lease liabilities were 5.6 years and 4.7%, respectively, at September 30, 2026.
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