HBT Financial, Inc.

Previous wording

Commercial and commercial real estate loans, including multi-family loans, are often larger and may involve greater risks than some other types of lending. Because payments on such loans are often dependent on the successful operation or development of the property or business involved, repayment of such loans is often more sensitive than other types of loans to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general business climate and economy. Accordingly, a downturn in the real estate market or a challenging business and economic environment, including those which disproportionately affect a class of borrower, may increase our risk associated with our loan portfolio. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from their employment and other income and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the commercial venture. Economic events, including decreases in office occupancy following the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the shift to remote and hybrid work environments, or governmental regulations outside of our control or the control of the borrower could negatively impact the future cash flow and market values of the affected properties. Our commercial operating loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the collateral underlying the loans. Most often, this collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Inventory and equipment may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. If the cash flow from business operations is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Due to the larger average size of each commercial loan as compared with other loans such as residential loans, as well as collateral that is generally less readily-marketable, losses incurred on a small number of commercial or commercial real estate loans could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Commercial and commercial real estate loans, including multi-family loans, are often larger and may involve greater risks than some other types of lending. Because payments on such loans are often dependent on the successful operation or development of the property or business involved, repayment of such loans is often more sensitive than other types of loans to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general business climate and economy. Accordingly, a downturn in the real estate market or a challenging business and economic environment, including those which disproportionately affect a class of borrower, may increase our risk associated with our loan portfolio. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from their employment and other income and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the commercial venture. Economic events, including decreases in office occupancy following the shift to remote and hybrid work environments, or governmental regulations outside of our control or the control of the borrower could negatively impact the future cash flow and market values of the affected properties. Our commercial operating loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the collateral underlying the loans. Most often, this collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Inventory and equipment may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. If the cash flow from business operations is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Due to the larger average size of each commercial loan as compared with other loans such as residential loans, as well as collateral that is generally less readily-marketable, losses incurred on a small number of commercial or commercial real estate loans could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

•the impact of government policies and regulations (including changes in price supports, subsidies, government-sponsored crop insurance, minimum ethanol content requirements for gasoline, tariffs, trade barriers and health and environmental regulations);

Current wording

•the impact of government policies and regulations (including changes in price supports, tariffs, trade policy, subsidies, government-sponsored crop insurance, minimum ethanol content requirements for gasoline, trade barriers and health and environmental regulations);

Previous wording

Additionally, an increase in interest rates may, among other things, reduce the demand for loans, increase the cost of deposit and wholesale funding, reduce our ability to originate loans and decrease prepayments on our loan and securities portfolio. Conversely, a decrease in the general level of interest rates may, among other things, decrease our net interest margin and increase prepayments on our loan and securities portfolios. Although our asset-liability management strategy is designed to control and mitigate exposure to the risks related to changes in market interest rates, those rates are affected by many factors outside of our control, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

Current wording

Additionally, elevated interest rates or an increase in interest rates may, among other things, reduce the demand for loans, increase the cost of deposit and wholesale funding, reduce our ability to originate loans and decrease prepayments on our loan and securities portfolio. Conversely, a decrease in the general level of interest rates may, among other things, decrease our net interest margin and increase prepayments on our loan and securities portfolios. Although our asset-liability management strategy is designed to control and mitigate exposure to the risks related to changes in market interest rates, those rates are affected by many factors outside of our control, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

Previous wording

An increase in market interest rates may affect the fair value of our securities portfolio, potentially reducing accumulated other comprehensive income or earnings. The fair value of these investments may also be affected by factors other than the underlying performance of the issuer of the securities or the mortgages underlying the securities, such as negative trends in the residential and commercial real estate markets, ratings downgrades, adverse changes in the business climate and a lack of liquidity for certain investment securities. In addition, we may sell securities in our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio, and any such sale could cause us to realize currently unrealized losses that resulted from increases in the prevailing interest rates.

Current wording

An increase in market interest rates may affect the fair value of our securities portfolio, potentially reducing accumulated other comprehensive income or earnings. The fair value of these investments may also be affected by factors other than the underlying performance of the issuer of the securities or the mortgages underlying the securities, such as negative trends in the residential and commercial real estate markets, ratings downgrades, adverse changes in the business climate and a lack of liquidity for certain investment securities. In addition, we may sell debt securities, and any such sale could cause us to realize currently unrealized losses that resulted from increases in the prevailing interest rates.

Previous wording

Beginning in March 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (the "FOMC") made a series of significant increases to the federal funds target range as part of an effort to combat elevated levels of inflation affecting the U.S. economy. While the significant increase in prevailing interest rates increased our net interest income, it also led to increased losses in our available-for-sale debt securities portfolio. Since 2022, the magnitude of our net unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale have partially reversed and were $59.4 million as of December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Beginning in March 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (the "FOMC") made a series of significant increases to the federal funds target range as part of an effort to combat elevated levels of inflation affecting the U.S. economy. While the significant increase in prevailing interest rates increased our net interest income, it also led to increased losses in our debt securities portfolio. Since 2022, the magnitude of these losses on debt securities have partially reversed with net unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale of $28.8 million and net unrecognized losses on debt securities held-to-maturity of $31.9 million as of December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

It is currently expected that during 2025, and perhaps beyond, the FOMC may decrease interest rates. In September 2024, the FOMC began lowering interest rates with the target range for the federal funds rate decreasing by 100 basis points to a range of 4.25% to 4.50% by the end of 2024. The decrease was expressly made in response to inflation moderating and the labor market weakening. Any future change in monetary policy by the FOMC, in an effort to stimulate the economy or otherwise, resulting in lower interest rates would likely result in lower revenue through lower net interest income over time, which could adversely affect our results of operations. These effects from interest rate changes or from other sustained economic stress or a recession, among other matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.

Current wording

Any future change in monetary policy by the FOMC, in an effort to stimulate the economy or otherwise, resulting in lower interest rates would likely result in lower revenue through lower net interest income over time, which could adversely affect our results of operations. These effects from interest rate changes, a perceived lack of independence by the FOMC from political pressure to set monetary policy, or from other sustained economic stress or a recession, among other matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.

Previous wording

Given the complex factors affecting the strength of the U.S. economy, including uncertainties regarding the persistence of inflation; record-high U.S. credit card debt; the implementation of policies proposed by the new presidential administration; and geopolitical developments, such as future terrorist attacks and threats, widespread disease or pandemics, and acts of war including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, there is a meaningful risk that the Federal Reserve and other central banks may maintain interest rates at elevated levels, which may negatively impact the entire national economy. This could decrease loan demand, harm the credit characteristics of our existing loan portfolio and decrease the value of collateral securing loans in the portfolio.

Current wording

Given the complex factors affecting the strength of the U.S. economy, including uncertainties regarding the persistence of inflation; sustained elevated levels of U.S. credit card debt; the implementation of policies proposed by the current presidential administration; and geopolitical developments, such as future terrorist attacks and threats, widespread disease or pandemics, and acts of war including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East and recent military activity in Venezuela, there is a meaningful risk that the Federal Reserve and other central banks may maintain interest rates at elevated levels, which may negatively impact the entire national economy. This could decrease loan demand, harm the credit characteristics of our existing loan portfolio and decrease the value of collateral securing loans in the portfolio.

Previous wording

In addition to our deposit base, our liquidity is provided by cash from operations and investment maturities, redemptions and sales as well as cash flow from loan prepayments and maturing loans that are not renewed. When needed, additional liquidity may be available by borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago or the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (the "FHLB"), through federal funds lines with our correspondent banks, and through other wholesale funding sources including brokered deposits. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities or on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry. In addition, increased competition with other banks and FinTechs for retail deposits may impact our ability to raise funds through deposits and could have a negative effect on our liquidity. For example, as customer deposit levels have decreased over the past two years, we have observed that the sensitivity of market deposit rates to changes in prevailing interest rates has increased.

Current wording

In addition to our deposit base, our liquidity is provided by cash from operations and investment maturities, redemptions and sales as well as cash flow from loan prepayments and maturing loans that are not renewed. When needed, additional liquidity may be available by borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago or the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (the "FHLB"), through federal funds lines with our correspondent banks, and through other wholesale funding sources including brokered deposits. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities or on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry. In addition, increased competition with other banks and fintechs for retail deposits may impact our ability to raise funds through deposits and could have a negative effect on our liquidity.

Previous wording

The widespread adoption of new technologies, including internet services, cryptocurrencies and payment systems, could require us in the future to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services as we grow and develop new products to satisfy our customers’ expectations and comply with regulatory guidance.

Current wording

The widespread adoption of new technologies, including digital assets and payment systems, could require us in the future to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services as we grow and develop new products to satisfy our customers’ expectations and comply with regulatory guidance.

Previous wording

Changes in policy and at banking agencies, including changes in interpretation and prioritization, occur over time through policy and personnel changes following federal and state-level elections, which lead to changes involving the level of oversight and focus on the financial services industry. The nature, timing and economic and political effects of potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting financial institutions remain highly uncertain in connection with a change in presidential administration. Given the complex factors affecting the strength of the U.S. economy, including uncertainties regarding the persistence of inflation, geopolitical developments such as ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and resulting disruptions in the global energy market, tight labor market conditions domestically, supply chain issues both domestically and internationally and the potential effects of a new presidential administration, including its response to the foregoing, potential imposition of new tariffs, mass deportations and changes to tax or other financial regulations, uncertainty surrounding future changes may adversely affect our operating environment and therefore our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Current wording

Changes in policy and at banking agencies, including changes in interpretation and prioritization, occur over time through policy and personnel changes following federal and state-level elections, which lead to changes involving the level of oversight and focus on the financial services industry. The nature, timing and economic and political effects of potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting financial institutions remain highly uncertain. Given the complex factors affecting the strength of the U.S. economy, including uncertainties regarding the persistence of inflation, geopolitical developments such as conflicts in the Middle East, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and recent military activity in Venezuela, and resulting disruptions in the global energy market, tight labor market conditions domestically, supply chain issues both domestically and internationally and the potential effects of policies from the current presidential administration, including its response to the foregoing, potential imposition of new tariffs, immigration enforcement and changes to tax or other financial regulations, uncertainty surrounding future changes may adversely affect our operating environment and therefore our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Previous wording

The Basel III Rule requires us to maintain a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum total Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, a minimum total capital ratio of 8% and a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%, and a capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets (the "Capital Conservation Buffer"). Failure to maintain the Capital Conservation Buffer would result in increasingly stringent restrictions on our ability to make dividend payments and other capital distributions and to pay discretionary bonuses to our executive officers. See "Supervision and Regulation—The Role of Capital" for more information on the capital adequacy standards that we must meet and maintain.

Current wording

The Basel III Rule requires us to maintain a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum total Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, a minimum total capital ratio of 8% and a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%, and a capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets (the "Capital Conservation

Previous wording

In addition to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, various state and local legislative bodies have adopted or have been considering augmenting their existing framework governing consumers’ rights. These considerations could also be impacted by the recent changes in federal administration. Such legislative or regulatory changes to consumer financial laws and regulations could result in changes to our pricing, practices, products and procedures; increases in our costs related to regulatory oversight, supervision and examination; or result in remediation efforts and possible penalties. We may be required to add additional compliance personnel or incur other significant compliance-related expenses to meet the demands of these consumer protection laws. We cannot predict whether new legislation or regulation will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that it would have on our activities, financial condition, or results of operations.

Current wording

In addition to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, various state and local legislative bodies have adopted or have been considering augmenting their existing framework governing consumers’ rights. These considerations could also be impacted by changes in federal administration. Such legislative or regulatory changes to consumer financial laws and regulations could result in changes to our pricing, practices, products and procedures; increases in our costs related to regulatory oversight, supervision and examination; or result in remediation efforts and possible penalties. We may be required to add additional compliance personnel or incur other significant compliance-related expenses to meet the demands of these consumer protection laws. We cannot predict whether new legislation or regulation will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that it would have on our activities, financial condition, or results of operations.

Previous wording

Bank’s current practice to avoid knowingly providing banking products or services to entities or individuals that directly manufacture, distribute, or dispense marijuana or hemp products, or those with a significant financial interest in such entities. The Bank uses reasonable measures, including appropriate new account screening and customer due diligence measures, to ensure that existing and potential customers that operate in the states in which the Bank operates do not engage in any such activities. Nonetheless, shifts in Illinois law legalizing cannabis use have increased the number of direct and indirect cannabis-related businesses in Illinois, and therefore increases the likelihood that the Bank could interact with such businesses, as well as their owners and employees. Such interactions could create additional legal, regulatory, strategic, and reputational risk to the Bank and the Company.

Current wording

Executive Order 14370, "Increasing Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research," directs federal agencies to work towards rescheduling marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act. The executive order does not change cannabis's legal status under the Controlled Substances Act, which makes it illegal under federal law to manufacture, distribute, or dispense marijuana. However, the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act permits adults 21 years or older to legally purchase marijuana for recreational use from licensed dispensaries. It is the Bank’s current practice to avoid knowingly providing banking products or services to entities or individuals that directly manufacture, distribute, or dispense marijuana or hemp products, or those with a significant financial interest in such entities. The Bank uses reasonable measures, including appropriate new account screening and customer due diligence measures, to ensure that existing and potential customers that operate in the states in which the Bank operates do not engage in any such activities. Nonetheless, the state-level legalization of cannabis use has increased the number of direct and indirect cannabis-related businesses in Illinois, and therefore increased the likelihood that the Bank could interact with such businesses, as well as their owners and employees. Such interactions could create additional legal, regulatory, strategic, and reputational risk to the Bank and the Company.

Previous wording

From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of our external financial statements. In addition, trends in financial and business reporting, including environmental social and governance (“ESG”) related disclosures, could require us to incur additional reporting expense. These changes are beyond our control, can be difficult to predict and could materially impact how we report our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of our external financial statements. In addition, trends in financial and business reporting could require us to incur additional reporting expense. These changes are beyond our control, can be difficult to predict and could materially impact how we report our financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, our principal stockholder, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Voting Trust U/A/D 5/4/2016 (the "Voting Trust”), owned approximately 54.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and its trustee is our Executive Chairman. As a result, the Voting Trust is able to influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. The Voting Trust may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of the Company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, our principal stockholder, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Voting Trust U/A/D 5/4/2016 (the "Voting Trust”), owned approximately 54.8% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and its trustee is our Executive Chairman. As a result, the Voting Trust is able to influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. The Voting Trust may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of the Company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

Previous wording

These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

Current wording

These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions under Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the Company, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

Previous wording

Unfavorable market conditions can result in a deterioration in the credit quality of our borrowers and the demand for our products and services, an increase in the number of loan delinquencies, defaults and charge-offs, additional provisions for credit losses, adverse asset values and an overall material adverse effect on the quality of our loan portfolio. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by, among other factors, declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; changes in inflation or interest rates; increases in real estate and other state and local taxes; high unemployment; natural disasters; pandemics; climate change; acts of terrorism or war (including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russian invasion of Ukraine); or a combination of these or other factors.

Current wording

Unfavorable market conditions can result in a deterioration in the credit quality of our borrowers and the demand for our products and services, an increase in the number of loan delinquencies, defaults and charge-offs, additional provisions for credit losses, adverse asset values and an overall material adverse effect on the quality of our loan portfolio. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by, among other factors, declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; changes in inflation or interest rates; increases in real estate and other state and local taxes; high unemployment; natural disasters; pandemics; climate change; acts of terrorism or war (including conflicts in the Middle East, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and recent military activity in Venezuela); or a combination of these or other factors.

Previous wording

Continued elevated levels of inflation could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Current wording

Elevated levels of inflation could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Previous wording

The United States has recently experienced elevated levels of inflation. Continued levels of inflation could have complex effects on our business and results of operations, some of which could be materially adverse. For example, elevated inflation harms consumer purchasing power, which could negatively affect our retail customers and the economic environment and, ultimately, many of our business customers, and could also negatively affect our levels of non-interest expense. In addition, if interest rates were to rise in response to elevated levels of inflation, the value of our securities and loan portfolios may be negatively impacted. Continued elevated levels of inflation could also cause increased volatility and uncertainty in the business environment, which could adversely affect loan demand and our clients’ ability to repay indebtedness. It is also possible that governmental responses to the current inflation environment could adversely affect our business, such as changes to monetary and fiscal policy that are too strict, or the imposition or threatened imposition of price controls. The duration and severity of the current inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision.

Current wording

The United States has recently experienced elevated levels of inflation. Elevated levels of inflation could have complex effects on our business and results of operations, some of which could be materially adverse. For example, elevated inflation harms consumer purchasing power, which could negatively affect our retail customers and the economic environment and, ultimately, many of our business customers, and could also negatively affect our levels of non-interest expense. In addition, if interest rates were to rise in response to elevated levels of inflation, the value of our securities and loan portfolios may be negatively impacted. Elevated levels of inflation could also cause increased volatility and uncertainty in the business environment, which could adversely affect loan demand and our clients’ ability to repay indebtedness. It is also possible that governmental responses to the current inflation environment could adversely affect our business, such as changes to monetary and fiscal policy that are too strict, or the imposition or threatened imposition of price controls.

Previous wording

The Company’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key individuals. Competition for qualified candidates in the activities in which the Company engages and markets that the Company serves is significant, and the Company may not be able to hire candidates and retain them. Growth in the Company’s business, including through acquisitions, may increase its need for additional qualified personnel. The Company is increasingly competing for personnel with financial technology providers and other less regulated entities who may not have the same limitations on compensation as the Company does. This can be particularly constraining when competing for skill sets which are in high demand, such as technology, risk and information security. Recruiting and compensation costs may increase as a result of changes in the marketplace, which may increase costs and adversely impact the Company.

Current wording

The Company’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key individuals. Competition for qualified candidates in the activities in which the Company engages and markets that the Company serves is significant, and the Company may not be able to hire candidates and retain them. Growth in the Company’s business, including through acquisitions, may increase its need for additional qualified personnel. The Company is increasingly competing for personnel with financial technology providers and other less regulated entities who may not have the same limitations on compensation as the Company does. This can be particularly constraining when competing for skill sets which are in high demand, such as technology, risk and information security.

Previous wording

The increase in remote and hybrid-work arrangements and opportunities in regional, national and global labor markets has also increased competition for the Company to attract and retain skilled personnel. The Company’s current or future approach to in-office and remote-work arrangements may not meet the needs or expectations of current or prospective employees or may not be perceived as favorable as compared with the arrangements offered by other companies, which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees. If the Company is not able to hire or retain highly skilled, qualified and diverse individuals, it may be unable to execute its business strategies and may suffer adverse consequences to its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

The increase in remote and hybrid-work arrangements and opportunities in regional, national and global labor markets have also increased competition for the Company to attract and retain skilled personnel. The Company’s current or future approach to in-office and remote-work arrangements may not meet the needs or expectations of current or prospective employees or may not be perceived as favorable as compared with the arrangements offered by other companies, which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees. If the Company is not able to hire or retain highly skilled, qualified and diverse individuals, it may be unable to execute its business strategies and may suffer adverse consequences to its business, financial condition and results of operations.