CARDINAL HEALTH INC

2. Acquisitions

On March 18, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Specialty Networks for a purchase price of $1.2 billion in cash, subject to certain adjustments. Specialty Networks creates clinical and economic value for providers and partners across multiple specialty group purchasing organizations ("GPOs"): UroGPO, Gastrologix and GastroGPO, and United Rheumatology.

Specialty Networks’ PPS Analytics platform analyzes data from electronic medical records, practice management, imaging, and dispensing systems and transforms it into meaningful and actionable insights for providers and other stakeholders by using artificial intelligence and modern data analytics capabilities. The acquisition further expands our offering in key therapeutic areas, accelerates our upstream data and research opportunities with biopharma manufacturers, and creates a platform for our expansion across therapeutic areas.

The pro forma results of operations and the results of operations for Specialty Networks have not been separately disclosed because the effects were not significant compared to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Transaction costs associated with the Specialty Networks acquisition were $15 million during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, and are included in amortization and other acquisition-related costs in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition of Specialty Networks is not yet finalized and is subject to adjustment as we complete the valuation analysis of the acquisition. The purchase price is also subject to adjustment based on working capital requirements as set forth in the acquisition agreement.

The valuation of identifiable intangible assets utilizes significant unobservable inputs and thus represents a Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurement. The estimated fair value of the identifiable intangible assets was determined using an income-based approach, which includes market participant expectations of the cash flows that an asset could generate over its remaining useful life, discounted back to present value using an appropriate rate of return. The discount rate used to arrive at the present value of the identifiable intangible assets was 10 percent, and reflects the internal rate of return and uncertainty in the cash flow projections.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date for Specialty Networks:

(1) The weighted-average useful life of customer relationships is 14 years.

(2) The weighted-average useful life of trade names is 8 years.

(3) The weighted-average useful life of developed technology is 9 years.

Notes to Financial Statements

3. Divestitures

On June 5, 2023 we signed a definitive agreement to contribute the Outcomes TM business to Transaction Data Systems ("TDS"), a portfolio company of BlackRock Long Term Private Capital and GTCR, in exchange for a 16 percent equity interest in the combined entity. The transaction closed on July 10, 2023 and we recognized a pre-tax gain of $53 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2024, which was included inimpairments and (gain)/loss on disposal of assets, net in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings. This gain includes our initial recognition of an equity method investment in the combined entity for $147 million.

We determined that the divestiture of the Outcomes TMbusiness does not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. The Outcomes TM business operated within our former Pharmaceutical segment.

4. Restructuring and Employee Severance

The following tables summarize restructuring and employee severance:

Employee-related costs primarily consist of termination benefits provided to employees who have been involuntarily terminated, duplicate payroll costs and retention bonuses incurred during transition periods. Facility exit and other costs primarily consist of project consulting fees, accelerated depreciation, professional, project management and other service fees to support divestitures, costs associated with vacant facilities, and certain other divestiture-related costs.

Restructuring and employee severance costs during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 include costs related to the implementation of certain enterprise-wide cost-savings measures, which include certain initiatives to rationalize our manufacturing operations. The increase in restructuring costs during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to these initiatives and certain projects resulting from the review of our strategy portfolio, capital-allocation framework and operations. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023, restructuring and employee severance costs also included costs related to the divestiture of the Cordis business.

The following table summarizes activity related to liabilities associated with restructuring and employee severance:

Notes to Financial Statements

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment and in total:

(1) Prior-period goodwill impairment charges related to the former Medical segment were allocated to the GMPD segment. At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the GMPD segment accumulated goodwill impairment loss was $5.4 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively.

(2) Comprised of the remaining operating segments, Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, at-Home Solutions and OptiFreight® Logistics.

(3) Reflects $48 million allocated to OptiFreight® Logistics.

(4) Reflects a $110 million reclassification between Pharmaceutical and Specialty Solutions and Other, which does not impact our previously reported condensed consolidated financial statements or results of our impairment tests.

The increase in the Pharmaceutical and Specialty Solutions segment goodwill is due to the Specialty Networks acquisition. Goodwill recognized in connection with this acquisition primarily represents the expected benefits from anticipated growth from new technology capabilities, synergies of integrating this business and the existing workforce of the acquired entity.

As a result of the segment change discussed in Note 1, we allocated $90 million and $48 million of goodwill from the former Medical Unit to GMPD and OptiFreight® Logistics, respectively, based on the estimated relative fair values of the reporting units. We also assessed goodwill for impairment for these reporting units before and after the reallocation and determined there was no impairment for the Medical Unit and OptiFreight® Logistics during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as their fair values substantially exceeded their carrying values. However, the quantitative test resulted in an impairment of GMPD’s remaining goodwill balance of $90 million.

Our determination of the estimated fair value of the GMPD reporting unit is based on a combination of the income-based approach (using a discount rate of 11 percent and a terminal growth rate of 2 percent), and market-based approaches. Additionally, we assigned a weighting of 80 percent to the discounted cash flow method, 10 percent to the guideline public

company method, and 10 percent to the guideline transaction method.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we did not identify any indicators of impairment within our reporting units. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform quantitative goodwill impairment testing for the former Medical Unit due to an increase in the risk-free interest rate used in the discount rate. The carrying amount exceeded the fair value, which resulted in a pre-tax impairment charge of $581 million for the former Medical Unit, which was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and is included in impairments and (gain)/loss on disposal of assets, net in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings. This impairment charge was driven by an increase of 1 percent in the discount rate primarily due to an increase in the risk-free interest rate.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, we performed quantitative goodwill impairment testing for the former Medical Unit. This quantitative testing resulted in the carrying amount of the former Medical Unit exceeding the fair value, resulting in pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $709 million and $154 million recorded during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively. We also performed interim quantitative goodwill impairment testing at March 31, 2023 and concluded that there was no impairment as of March 31, 2023 as the estimated fair value of the former Medical Unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 4 percent. The impairment charge recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 was driven by certain reductions in our long-term financial plan assumptions, and the impairment charge recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 was driven by an increase in the discount rate primarily due to an increase in the risk-free interest rate.

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Intangible Assets

The following tables summarize other intangible assets by class at:

The increase in definite-life intangibles is due to the Specialty Networks acquisition. Total amortization of intangible assets was $64 million and $69 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $191 million and $211 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2024 through 2028 is as follows: $69 million, $256 million, $241 million, $213 million and $186 million.

6. Long-Term Obligations and Other Short-Term Borrowings

The following table summarizes long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings at:

(1) Maturities are presented on a calendar year basis.

Maturities of existing long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings for the remainder of fiscal 2024 through 2028 and thereafter are as follows: $762 million, $436 million, $535 million, $1.3 billion, $11 million and $2.8 billion.

Long-Term Debt

We had total long-term obligations, including the current portion and other short-term borrowings, of $5.9 billion and $4.7 billion at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. All the notes represent unsecured obligations of Cardinal Health, Inc. and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. Interest is paid pursuant to the terms of the obligations. These notes are effectively subordinated to the liabilities of our subsidiaries, including trade payables of $32.1 billion and $29.8 billion at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

In February 2024, we issued additional debt with the aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion to fund the repayment of all of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 3.5% Notes due 2024 and 3.079% Notes due 2024, at their respective maturities, and for general corporate purposes. The notes issued are $650 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Notes that mature on February 15, 2029 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.45% Notes that mature on February 15, 2034. The proceeds of the notes issued, net of discounts, premiums, and debt issuance costs, were $1.14 billion. A portion of the proceeds were invested in short-term time deposits of $550 million with initial effective maturities of more than three months and classified as prepaid

Notes to Financial Statements

expenses and other in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024. The remaining proceeds of $589 million were invested in short-term time deposits classified as cash and equivalents in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024.

If we undergo a change of control, as defined in the notes, and if the notes receive specified ratings below investment grade by each of Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Moody’s Investors Services and Fitch Ratings, any holder of the notes, excluding the debentures, can require with respect to the notes owned by such holder, or we can offer, to repurchase the notes at 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Other Financing Arrangements

In addition to cash and equivalents and operating cash flow, other sources of liquidity include a $2.0 billion commercial paper program backed by a $2.0 billion revolving credit facility. We also have a $1.0 billion committed receivables sales facility. During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, under our commercial paper program and our committed receivables program, we had maximum combined total daily amounts outstanding of $1.3 billion and an average combined daily amount outstanding of $25 million. At March 31, 2024, we hadno amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program, revolving credit facility or our committed receivables sales facility.

In February 2023, we extended our $2.0 billion revolving credit facility through February 25, 2028. In September 2022, we renewed our committed receivables sales facility program through Cardinal Health Funding, LLC (“CHF”) through September 30, 2025. In September 2023, Cardinal Health 23 Funding, LLC ("CH-23 Funding") was added as a seller under our committed receivables sales facility. Each of CHF and CH-23 Funding was organized for the sole purpose of buying receivables and selling undivided interests in those receivables to third-party purchasers. Although consolidated with Cardinal Health, Inc. in accordance with GAAP, each of CHF and CH-23 Funding is a separate legal entity from Cardinal Health, Inc. and from our respective subsidiary that sells receivables to CHF or CH-23 Funding, as applicable. Each of CHF and CH-23 Funding is designed to be a special purpose, bankruptcy-remote entity whose assets are available solely to satisfy the claims of its respective creditors.

Our revolving credit and committed receivables sales facilities require us to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of no more than 3.75-to-1. As of March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with this financial covenant.

7. Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Litigation

Commitments

Generic Sourcing Venture with CVS Health

In July 2014, we established Red Oak Sourcing, LLC ("Red Oak Sourcing"), a U.S.-based generic pharmaceutical sourcing venture with CVS Health for an initial term of 10 years. Red Oak Sourcing negotiates generic pharmaceutical supply contracts on behalf of its participants. In August 2021, we amended our agreement to extend the term through June 2029. We are required to make quarterly payments to CVS Health for the term of the arrangement.

Contingencies

New York Opioid Stewardship Act

In April 2018, the State of New York passed a budget which included the Opioid Stewardship Act (the "OSA"). The OSA created an aggregate $100 million annual assessment on all manufacturers and distributors licensed to sell or distribute opioids in New York. Under the OSA, each licensed manufacturer and distributor would be required to pay a portion of the assessment based on its share of the total morphine milligram equivalents sold or distributed in New York during the applicable calendar year, beginning in 2017. Subsequently, New York passed a new statute that modified the assessment going forward and limited the OSA to two years (2017 and 2018).

We accrue contingencies if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be estimated. During the fiscal year 2023, we recorded $6 million of income to reduce the previously estimated accrual to the invoiced amount for the calendar year 2018 assessment. At June 30, 2023, we had an outstanding liability of $3 million, which was paid in full during the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Legal Proceedings

We become involved from time to time in disputes, litigation and regulatory matters.

From time to time, we determine that products we distribute, source, manufacture or market do not meet our specifications, regulatory requirements, or published standards. When we or a regulatory agency identify a potential quality or regulatory issue, we investigate and take appropriate corrective action. Such actions have led to product recalls, costs to repair or replace affected products, temporary interruptions in product sales, restrictions on importation, product liability claims and lawsuits and can lead to action by regulators. Even absent an identified regulatory or quality issue or product recall, we can become subject to product liability claims and lawsuits.

From time to time, we become aware through employees, internal audits or other parties of possible compliance matters, such as complaints or concerns relating to accounting, internal accounting controls, financial reporting, auditing, or other ethical matters or relating to compliance with laws such as healthcare fraud and

Notes to Financial Statements

abuse, anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws. When we become aware of such possible compliance matters, we investigate internally and take appropriate corrective action. In addition, from time to time, we receive subpoenas or requests for information from various federal or state agencies relating to our business or to the business of a customer, supplier or other industry participants. Internal investigations, subpoenas or requests for information could directly or indirectly lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of legal proceedings against us or result in sanctions.

We have been named from time to time in qui tam actions initiated by private third parties. In such actions, the private parties purport to act on behalf of federal or state governments, allege that false claims have been submitted for payment by the government and may receive an award if their claims are successful. After a private party has filed a qui tam action, the government must investigate the private party's claim and determine whether to intervene in and take control over the litigation. These actions may remain under seal while the government makes this determination. If the government declines to intervene, the private party may nonetheless continue to pursue the litigation on his or her own purporting to act on behalf of the government.

We accrue for contingencies related to disputes, litigation and regulatory matters if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because these matters are inherently unpredictable and unfavorable developments or resolutions can occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. We regularly review contingencies to determine whether our accruals and related disclosures are adequate. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates.

We recognize income from the favorable outcome of litigation when we receive the associated cash or assets.

We recognize estimated loss contingencies for certain litigation and regulatory matters and income from favorable resolution of litigation in litigation (recoveries)/charges, net in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings; however, losses and recoveries of lost profits from disputes that occur in the ordinary course of business are included within segment profit.

Opioid Lawsuits and Investigations

Cardinal Health, other Pharmaceutical wholesalers and other participants in the pharmaceutical supply chain have been named as a defendant in lawsuits related to the distribution of opioid pain medications. These lawsuits seek equitable relief and monetary damages based on a variety of legal theories, including various common law claims, such as public nuisance, negligence, unjust enrichment, personal injury, as well as violations of controlled substance laws, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act and various other statutes. Plaintiffs in these lawsuits include governmental entities as well as private parties, such as unions and other health and welfare funds, hospital

system and other healthcare providers, businesses and individuals.

Additionally, we have received federal grand jury subpoenas issued in connection with investigations being conducted by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York and the Fraud Section of the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ"). We have also received civil requests for information, subpoenas and other requests from other DOJ offices. These investigations concern operation of our anti-diversion program, our anti-diversion policies and procedures and distribution of certain controlled substances. We are cooperating with these investigations. We are unable to predict the outcomes of any of these investigations.

In total, as of March 31, 2024, we have $5.3 billion accrued for these matters, of which $438 million is included in other accrued liabilities and the remainder is included in deferred income taxes and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized expense of $193 million in connection with opioid-related matters, which was partially offset by a benefit of $105 million related to prepayments at a prenegotiated discount of certain future payments totaling $344 million.

Because loss contingencies are inherently unpredictable and unfavorable developments or resolutions can occur, the assessment is highly subjective and requires judgements about future events. We regularly review these opioid litigation matters to determine whether our accrual is adequate. The amount of ultimate loss may differ materially from this accrual, whether as a result of settlement discussions, a judicial decision or verdict or otherwise, but we are not able to estimate a range of reasonably possible additional losses for these matters. We continue to strongly dispute the allegations made in these lawsuits and none of the settlements described below is an admission of liability or wrong-doing. Please see below for additional description of these matters.

States & Political Subdivisions

In February 2022, we along with two other national distributors (collectively, the "Distributors") independently approved a settlement agreement (the "National Opioid Settlement Agreement") to settle the vast majority of opioid lawsuits and claims brought by states and political subdivisions. This National Opioid Settlement Agreement became effective on April 2, 2022. In addition to the Distributors, parties to the National Opioid Settlement Agreement include 48 states, the District of Columbia and 5 U.S. territories. Over 99 percent of political subdivisions in settling states (by population as calculated under the National Opioid Settlement Agreement) that had brought opioid-related suits against us have chosen to join the National Opioid Settlement Agreement or have had their claims addressed by state legislation (together with settling states and territories, the "Settling Governmental Entities").

In February 2024, we finalized an agreement with the Alabama Attorney General, under which we agreed to pay approximately

Notes to Financial Statements

$123 million to the State of Alabama over a period of ten years to resolve opioid-related claims brought by the State and its political subdivisions. This agreement is subject to certain contingencies, including subdivision participation. During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized a $22 million charge in litigation (recoveries)/charge, net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings related to this agreement.

Through April 2024, we have paid the Settling Governmental Entities approximately $1.5 billion, which includes the January 2024 prepayment of certain future payment amounts described below. We expect to pay Settling Governmental Entities additional amounts up to $4.8 billion through 2038. The National Opioid Settlement Agreement also includes injunctive relief terms related to Distributors' controlled substance anti-diversion programs. A monitor is overseeing compliance with these provisions until 2027. In addition, the Distributors are engaging a third-party vendor to act as a clearinghouse for data aggregation and reporting, which Distributors will fund for 10 years. As a result of the National Opioid Settlement Agreement, the vast majority of lawsuits brought against us by State and other political subdivisions have been dismissed. We continue to engage in resolution discussions with certain nonparticipating political subdivisions. A trial in the case brought by the city of Baltimore, which is the largest remaining nonparticipating subdivision by population, is scheduled to begin in September 2024. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against all remaining lawsuits.

Other Settlements

West Virginia subdivisions and Native American tribes were not a part of the National Opioid Settlement Agreement, and we had separate settlement negotiations with these groups. In July 2022, a judgment in favor of the Distributors was entered in bench trial before a federal judge in West Virginia in a case brought by Cabell County and City of Huntington. Plaintiffs have appealed this decision to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. In July 2022, the Distributors reached an agreement to settle the opioid-related claims of the majority of the remaining West Virginia subdivisions. Under this agreement, we have agreed to pay eligible West Virginia subdivisions up to approximately $124 million over an eleven-year period. This agreement became effective in October 2022 when all participating subdivisions dismissed their cases.

In October 2022, we executed a final settlement agreement with the Native American tribes, pursuant to which we will pay up to approximately $136 million over five years. In connection with this settlement, the court entered dismissals for the Native American tribes' cases.

Prepayment of Future Payment Years

In January 2024, we made payments of approximately $239 million to prepay at a prenegotiated discount of certain future payment amounts totaling approximately $344 million owed under each of the National Opioid Settlement Agreement, West Virginia Subdivisions Settlement Agreement and settlement agreements with Native American tribes and Cherokee Nation. The majority of

the prepayment relates to the seventh annual payment as due under the National Opioid Settlement Agreement. As a result of these prepayments, we recognized income of approximately $105 million in litigation charges/(recoveries), net in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Private Plaintiffs

The National Opioid Settlement Agreement does not address claims by private parties, which includes unions and other health and welfare funds, hospital systems and other healthcare providers, businesses and individuals alleging personal injury. Lawsuits brought by private plaintiffs that were pending as of April 26, 2024 were approximately 380. Of these,103 are purported class actions. The causes of action asserted by these plaintiffs are similar to those asserted by public plaintiffs. We are engaged in resolution discussions with certain private plaintiffs and have reached agreements in principle with counsel representing classes of third-party payors and acute care hospitals and have accrued $213 million in connection with those matters, which represents our anticipated share of those possible settlements. The agreements in principle remain subject to contingencies. We are vigorously defending ourselves in all these matters.

A trial in a case involving 21 plaintiffs began in state court in Georgia in January 2023 and concluded in March 2023 with a verdict for the company and other defendants on all claims. In July 2023, the judge denied the plaintiffs' motion for a new trial. Plaintiffs have filed a notice of appeal and defendants have filed a notice of cross-appeal. A trial involving eight hospital plaintiffs is scheduled to begin in Alabama in July 2024.

Insurance Litigation

We are involved in ongoing legal proceedings with insurers related to their obligations to reimburse us for defense and indemnity costs in connection with the lawsuits described above. During fiscal year 2023, we received approximately $10 million in insurance recoveries related to these matters.

Department of Justice Civil Investigative Demand

In November 2023, we received a Civil Investigative Demand ("CID") from the Department of Justice focused on potential violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act in connection with a 2022 transaction in which we purchased a minority ownership interest in a rheumatology managed services organization and a group purchasing organization. We are cooperating with this investigation.

Cordis IVC Filter Matters

We have been named as a defendant in approximately 400 product liability lawsuits coordinated in Alameda County Superior Court in California involving claims by approximately 4,500 plaintiffs that allege personal injuries associated with the use of inferior vena cava ("IVC") filter products. These lawsuits sought a variety of remedies, including unspecified monetary damages. The divestiture of the Cordis business did not include product liability

Notes to Financial Statements

related to the IVC filters in the U.S. and Canada, which we retained.

In April 2023, we executed a settlement agreement that, if certain conditions are satisfied, will resolve 4,375 claims for $275 million. This settlement agreement is subject to certain conditions, including certain opt-in thresholds. Between May and September 2023, we made settlement payments totaling $275 million into a qualified settlement fund, which will be disbursed to the plaintiffs if required conditions are satisfied. Since July 2021, we have also entered into other agreements to settle approximately 2,800 product liability claims. While these settlements will resolve the vast majority of IVC filter product liability claims, they will not resolve all of them and we intend to continue to vigorously defend ourselves in the remaining lawsuits.

We recognized income of $103 million during fiscal year 2023, primarily related to a reduction of the reserve for the estimated settlement and defense costs for these matters due to the execution of the settlements noted above. At March 31, 2024, we had a total of $296 million accrued for losses and legal defense costs, related to the IVC filter product liability lawsuits in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Other Civil Litigation

Generic Pharmaceutical Pricing Antitrust Litigation

In December 2019, pharmaceutical distributors including us were added as defendants in a civil class action lawsuit filed by indirect purchasers of generic drugs, such as hospitals and retail pharmacies. The indirect purchaser case is part of a multidistrict litigation consisting of multiple individual class action matters consolidated in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The indirect purchaser plaintiffs allege that pharmaceutical distributors encouraged manufacturers to increase prices, provided anti-competitive pricing information to manufacturers and improperly engaged in customer allocation. In May 2020, the court granted our motion to dismiss. In July 2022, the indirect purchasers filed an amended complaint and in August 2022, we filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. We are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter.

Antitrust Litigation Proceeds

We recognized income for net recoveries in class action antitrust lawsuits in which we were a class member or plaintiff of $6 million and $77 million during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, and $66 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2023.

8. Income Taxes

Fluctuations in our provision for income taxes as a percentage of pre-tax earnings (“effective tax rate”) are due to changes in international and U.S. state effective tax rates resulting from our business mix and discrete items.

Effective Tax Rate

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, the effective tax rate was 24.2 percent and 23.2 percent, respectively, and reflects any impact of the tax effects of the goodwill impairment charges recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023, the effective tax rate was 36.3 percent and 36.7 percent, respectively, and reflects the impact of the tax effect of the goodwill impairment charges recognized during the nine months ended March 31, 2023.

Tax Effects of Goodwill Impairment Charges

During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $671 million. The net tax benefit related to these charges is $56 million for fiscal 2024.

Unless an item is considered discrete because it is unusual or infrequent, the tax impact of the item is included in our estimated annual effective tax rate. When items are recognized through our estimated annual effective tax rate, we apply our estimated annual effective tax rate to the earnings before income taxes for the year-to-date period to compute our impact from income taxes for the current quarter and year-to-date period. The tax impacts of discrete items are recognized in their entirety in the period in which they occur.

The tax effect of the goodwill impairment charges during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 was included in our estimated annual effective tax rate because it was not considered unusual or infrequent, given that we recorded goodwill impairments in prior fiscal years. The impact of the non-deductible goodwill increased the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal 2024. Applying the higher tax rate to the pre-tax income for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 resulted in recognizing an incremental interim tax benefit of approximately $36 million, which impacted the provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024. The incremental interim tax benefit will reverse in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

We had $937.0 million and $1.0 billion of unrecognized tax benefits, at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. The March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023 balances include $850 million and $873 million of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively, that if recognized, would have an impact on the effective tax rate.

At March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, we had $57 million and $65 million, respectively, accrued for the payment of interest and

Notes to Financial Statements

penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, which we recognize in the benefit from income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. These balances are gross amounts before any tax benefits and are included in deferred income taxes and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

It is reasonably possible that there could be a change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months due to activities of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") or other taxing authorities, possible settlement of IRS and other audit issues, reassessment of existing unrecognized tax benefits or the expiration of statutes of limitations. We estimate that the range of the possible change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months is between zero and a net decrease of up to $20 million, exclusive of penalties and interest.

Other Tax Matters

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are subject to audit by taxing authorities for fiscal years 2015 through the current fiscal year.

We are a party to a tax matters agreement with CareFusion Corporation ("CareFusion"), a subsidiary of Becton, Dickinson and Company. Under the tax matters agreement, CareFusion is obligated to indemnify us for certain tax exposures and transaction taxes prior to our fiscal 2010 spin-off of CareFusion. In December 2023, the estimated tax exposure was updated to reflect adjustments based on settlement discussions with the IRS. Additionally, Cardinal received a partial payment from CareFusion to be applied towards the anticipated liability. The indemnification receivable was $20 million and $82 million at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, and is included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the fair values for assets and (liabilities) measured on a recurring basis at:

(1)The other investments balance includes investments in mutual funds, which offset fluctuations in deferred compensation liabilities. These mutual funds invest in the equity securities of companies with both large and small market capitalization and high quality fixed income debt securities. The fair value of these investments is determined using quoted market prices.

(2)The fair value of interest rate swaps, foreign currency contracts, and net investment hedges is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Observable Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of expected future cash flows. The fair value of these derivative contracts, which are subject to master netting arrangements under certain circumstances, is presented on a gross basis in prepaid expenses and other, other assets, other accrued liabilities, and deferred income taxes and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

As discussed further in Note 3, on July 10, 2023, we closed the transaction to contribute the Outcomes™ business to TDS, a portfolio company of BlackRock Long Term Private Capital and GTCR, in exchange for a 16 percent equity interest in the combined entity. We accounted for this investment initially at its fair value using Level 3 unobservable inputs under the discounted cash flow method. Accordingly, we recognized a $147 million equity method investment at closing during the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

10. Financial Instruments

We utilize derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to certain risks related to our ongoing operations. The primary risks managed through the use of derivative instruments include interest rate risk, currency exchange risk and commodity price risk. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. While the majority of our derivative instruments are designated as hedging instruments, we also enter into derivative instruments that are designed to hedge a risk but are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative instruments are adjusted to current

Notes to Financial Statements

fair value through earnings at the end of each period. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative instruments. Accordingly, we have established and maintain strict counterparty credit guidelines and only enter into derivative instruments with major financial institutions that are rated investment grade or better. We do not have significant exposure to any one counterparty and we believe the risk of loss is remote. Additionally, we do not require collateral under these agreements.

Interest Rate Risk Management

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our objective is to manage the impact of interest rate changes on cash flows and the market value of our borrowings. We utilize a mix of debt maturities on our fixed-rate debt to manage changes in interest rates. In addition, we enter into interest rate swaps to further manage our exposure to interest rate variations related to our borrowings and to lower our overall borrowing costs.

Currency Exchange Risk Management

We conduct business in several major international currencies and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign exchange rate changes to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency revenue and expenses.

Commodity Price Risk Management

We are exposed to changes in the price of certain commodities. Our objective is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with forecasted purchases of these commodities to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into derivative contracts when possible to manage the price risk associated with certain forecasted purchases.

Fair Value Hedges

We enter into pay-floating interest rate swaps to hedge the changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt resulting from fluctuations in interest rates. These contracts are designated and qualify as fair value hedges. Accordingly, the gain or loss recorded on the pay-floating interest rate swaps is directly offset by the change in fair value of the underlying debt. Both the derivative instrument and the underlying debt are adjusted to market value at the end of each period with any resulting gain or loss recorded in interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there wereno gains or losses recorded to interest expense as changes in the market value of our derivative instruments offset changes in the market value of the underlying debt.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we entered into pay-floating interest rate swaps with total notional amounts of $500 million and $200 million, respectively. These

swaps have been designated as fair value hedges of our fixed rate debt and are included in deferred income taxes and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash Flow Hedges

We enter into derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in cash flows attributable to interest rate, foreign currency and commodity price fluctuations associated with certain forecasted transactions. These derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

Pre-tax gains recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) were $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2 million and $4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gains recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings were $2 million and $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $4 million and $8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gains currently included within accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with our cash flow hedges to be reclassified into net earnings within the next 12 months are $3 million.

Net Investment Hedges

We hedge the foreign currency risk associated with certain net investment positions in foreign subsidiaries. To accomplish this, we enter into cross-currency swaps that are designated as hedges of net investments.

In September 2023, we entered into ¥18 billion ($120 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in September 2025 and ¥18 billion ($120 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in June 2027.

In September 2023, we terminated the ¥38 billion ($300 million) cross-currency swaps entered into in January 2023 and received net settlement in cash of $28 million, recorded in proceeds from net investment hedge terminations in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

In January 2023, we entered into ¥19 billion ($150 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in September 2025 and ¥19 billion ($150 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in June 2027. In March 2023, we entered into €100 million ($107 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in March 2025 and €100 million ($107 million) cross-currency swaps maturing in March 2026.

In January and March 2023, we terminated the ¥48 billion ($400 million) cross-currency swaps entered into in March 2022 and the €200 million ($233 million) cross-currency swap entered into in September 2018, respectively, and received net settlements of $10 million and $19 million in cash, respectively, recorded in proceeds from net investment hedge terminations in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Notes to Financial Statements

Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges are marked to market using the current spot exchange rate as of the end of the period, with gains and losses included in the foreign currency translation component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until the sale or substantial liquidation of the underlying net investments. To the extent the cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges are not highly effective, changes in carrying value attributable to the change in spot rates are recorded in earnings.

Pre-tax gains and losses from net investment hedges recorded in the foreign currency translation component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) were a $19 million gain and an immaterial loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a $14 million gain and a $21 million loss during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gains recognized in interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the portion of the net investment hedges excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness were $3 million and $4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $10 million and $12 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Economic (Non-Designated) Hedges

We enter into foreign currency contracts to manage our foreign exchange exposure related to sales transactions, intercompany financing transactions and other balance sheet items subject to revaluation that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, these derivative instruments are adjusted to current market value at the end of each period through earnings. The gain or loss recorded on these instruments is substantially offset by the remeasurement adjustment on the foreign currency denominated asset or liability. The settlement of the derivative instrument and the remeasurement adjustment on the foreign currency denominated asset or liability are both recorded in other (income)/expense, net. We recorded an immaterial gain and an immaterial loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and an immaterial loss and a $3 million loss during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The principal currencies managed through foreign currency contracts are Chinese renminbi, Canadian dollar, Indian rupee, Euro and British pound.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities at March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023 approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings compared to the respective carrying amounts at:

The fair value of our long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings is estimated based on either the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or other inputs derived from available market information, which represents a Level 2 measurement.

11. Shareholders' Deficit

We repurchased $750 million and $1.5 billion of our common shares, in the aggregate, through share repurchase programs during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We funded the repurchases with available cash. The common shares repurchased are held in treasury to be used for general corporate purposes.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million. We received an initial delivery of 2.0 million common shares using a reference price of $101.66. The program concluded on December 13, 2023 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $103.67 resulting in a final delivery of 0.4 million common shares.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into an ASR program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. We received an initial delivery of 4.4 million common shares using a reference price of $90.57. The program concluded on October 31, 2023 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $88.22 resulting in a final delivery of 1.3 million common shares.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we entered into an ASR program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase of $500 million. We received an initial delivery of 4.6 million common shares using a reference price of $87.18. The program concluded on August 16, 2023 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $91.15 resulting in a final delivery of 0.9 million common shares.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we entered into an ASR program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million. We received an initial delivery of 2.6 million common shares using a reference price of $77.03. The program concluded on February 28, 2023 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $77.27 resulting in a final delivery of 0.6 million common shares.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we entered into an ASR program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million. We received an initial

Notes to Financial Statements

delivery of 2.6 million common shares using a reference price of $76.58. The program concluded on January 13, 2023 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $77.50 resulting in a final delivery of 0.6 million common shares.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we entered into an ASR program to repurchase common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 billion. We received an initial delivery of 12.0 million common shares using a reference price of $66.74. The program concluded on December 23, 2022 at a volume weighted average price per common share of $73.36 resulting in a final delivery of 1.6 million common shares.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables summarize the changes in the balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component and in total:

12. Earnings Per Share Attributable to Cardinal Health, Inc.

The following tables reconcile the number of common shares used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Cardinal Health, Inc.:

The potentially dilutive employee stock options, restricted share units and performance share units that were antidilutive were immaterial and 1 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, and 2 million for both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023.

13. Segment Information

Effective January 1, 2024, we operated under an updated organizational structure and re-aligned our reporting structure undertwo reportable segments: Pharmaceutical and Specialty Solutions segment and GMPD segment. All remaining operating segments that are not significant enough to require separate reportable segment disclosures are included in Other, which is comprised of Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, at-Home Solutions and OptiFreight® Logistics. The factors for determining the reportable segments include the manner in which management evaluates performance for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance combined with the nature of the individual business activities. Our previously reported segment results have been recast to conform to this re-aligned reporting structure and reflect changes in the elimination of inter-segment revenue and allocated corporate technology and shared function expenses, which are driven by the reporting structure change.

Our Pharmaceutical and Specialty Solutions segment distributes branded and generic pharmaceutical, specialty pharmaceutical and over-the-counter healthcare and consumer products in the United States. This segment also provides services to pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers for

Notes to Financial Statements

specialty pharmaceutical products; provides pharmacy management services to hospitals and operates a limited number of pharmacies, including pharmacies in community health centers; and repackages generic pharmaceuticals and over the counter healthcare products.

Our GMPD segment manufactures, sources and distributes Cardinal Health branded medical, surgical and laboratory products, which are sold in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and other markets. In addition to distributing Cardinal Health branded products, this segment also distributes a broad range of medical, surgical and laboratory products known as national brand products to hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, clinical laboratories and other healthcare providers in the United States and Canada.

The remaining three operating segments included in Other are Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, at-Home Solutions and OptiFreight® Logistics. These operating segments respectively operate nuclear pharmacies and radiopharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, distribute medical products to patients' homes in the United States and provide supply chain services and solutions to our customers.

Revenue

The following tables present revenue for the two reportable segments and the remaining operating segments, included in Other, and Corporate:

(1)Corporate revenue consists of the elimination of inter-segment revenue and other revenue not allocated to the segments.

The following tables present revenue by geographic area:

(1)Corporate revenue consists of the elimination of inter-segment revenue and other revenue not allocated to the segments.

Segment Profit

We evaluate segment performance based on segment profit, among other measures. Segment profit is segment revenue, less segment cost of products sold, less segment distribution, selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses. Segment SG&A expenses include share-based compensation expense as well as allocated corporate technology and shared function expenses, including corporate management, corporate finance, financial and customer care shared services, human resources, information technology and legal and compliance, including certain litigation defense costs. Corporate expenses are allocated to the operating segments based on headcount, level of benefit provided and other ratable allocation methodologies. The results attributable to noncontrolling interests are recorded within segment profit.

Notes to Financial Statements

We do not allocate the following items to our segments:

•last-in first-out, or ("LIFO"), inventory charges/(credits);

•state opioid assessment related to prior fiscal years;

•shareholder cooperation agreement costs;

•restructuring and employee severance;

•amortization and other acquisition-related costs;

•impairments and (gain)/loss on disposal of assets, net; in connection with goodwill impairment testing for the GMPD segment as discussed further in Note 5, we recognized pre-tax goodwill impairment charges of $90 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $671 million and $863 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively;

•litigation (recoveries)/charges, net;

•other (income)/expense, net;

•interest expense, net;

•loss on early extinguishment of debt; or

•provision for/(benefit from) income taxes

In addition, certain investment spending, certain portions of enterprise-wide incentive compensation and other spending are not allocated to the segments. Investment spending generally includes the first-year spend for certain projects that require incremental investments in the form of additional operating expenses. Because approval for these projects is dependent on executive management, we retain these expenses at Corporate. Investment spending within Corporate was $17 million and $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $37 million and $20 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following tables present segment profit for the two reportable segments and the remaining operating segments, included in Other, and Corporate:

(1)Comprised of the remaining operating segments, Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, at-Home Solutions and OptiFreight® Logistics.

Segment Assets

The following table presents total assets for the two reportable segments and the remaining operating segments, included in Other, and Corporate:

(1)Comprised of the remaining operating segments, Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, at-Home Solutions and OptiFreight® Logistics.

14. Share-Based Compensation

We maintain stock incentive plans (collectively, the “Plans”) for the benefit of certain of our officers, directors and employees.

The following tables provide total share-based compensation expense by type of award:

The total tax benefit related to share-based compensation was $4 million and $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $12 million and $9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Restricted Share Units

Restricted share units granted under the Plans generally vest in equal annual installments over three years. Restricted share units

Notes to Financial Statements

accrue cash dividend equivalents that are payable upon vesting of the awards.

The following table summarizes all transactions related to restricted share units under the Plans:

At March 31, 2024, the total pre-tax compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested restricted share units not yet recognized was $86 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period oftwo years.

Performance Share Units

Performance share units vest over athree-year performance period based on achievement of specific performance goals. Based on the extent to which the targets are achieved, vested shares may range from zero to 234 percent of the target award amount for both the fiscal 2022 and 2023 grants andzero to 240 percent of the target award for the fiscal 2024 grant. Performance share units accrue cash dividend equivalents that are payable upon vesting of the awards.

The following table summarizes all transactions related to performance share units under the Plans (based on target award amounts):

At March 31, 2024, the total pre-tax compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested performance share units not yet recognized was $53 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period oftwo years if performance goals are achieved.