TEREX CORP

Previous wording

We may be unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses, including ESG. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions, including the acquisition of ESG.

Current wording

We may be unable to successfully integrate acquired or merged businesses, including REV. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of such mergers and acquisitions.

Previous wording

From time to time, we engage in strategic transactions involving risks, including the possible failure to successfully integrate and realize the expected benefits of such transactions. We have consummated many acquisitions in the past and anticipate making additional acquisitions in the future. On October 8, 2024, we acquired ESG for $2 billion. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, including the expected tax benefits and synergies, will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to integrate the businesses of both companies.

Current wording

Mergers and acquisitions have been and may continue to be a significant component of our growth strategy. From time to time, we engage in strategic transactions involving risks, including, but not limited to, the possible failure to successfully integrate and realize the expected benefits of such transactions. While we believe that strategic acquisitions can improve our competitiveness and profitability, these activities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. We have consummated mergers and acquisitions in the past and anticipate making additional acquisitions in the future. On February 2, 2026, we closed on the REV Transaction. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the REV Transaction, including the expected combination benefits, will depend, to a large extent, on the ability of management of the new combined company to integrate the businesses.

Previous wording

Management will be required to devote significant attention and resources to the integration process, which may disrupt business and, if implemented ineffectively, could preclude realization of the full benefits we expect. The risks associated with the ESG acquisition and our other past or future acquisitions include:

Current wording

Management will be required to devote significant attention and resources to the integration process, which may disrupt business and, if implemented ineffectively, could preclude realization of the full benefits anticipated. The risks associated with the REV Transaction and our other past or future acquisitions include:

Previous wording

•the business culture of the acquired business may not match well with our culture;

Current wording

•the business culture of the merged or acquired businesses may not match well with our culture;

Previous wording

•we may fail to retain, motivate and integrate key management and other employees of the acquired business;

Current wording

•we may fail to retain, motivate and integrate key management and other employees of the merged or acquired businesses;

Previous wording

•higher than expected finance costs may arise due to unforeseen changes in tax, trade, environmental, labor, safety, payroll or pension policies in any jurisdiction in which the acquired business conducts its operations;

Current wording

•higher than expected finance costs may arise due to unforeseen changes in tax, trade, environmental, labor, safety, payroll or benefit policies in any jurisdiction in which the merged or acquired business conducts its operations;

Previous wording

•we may experience problems in retaining customers and integrating customer bases; and

Current wording

•we may experience problems in retaining customers, distributors, dealers, suppliers, vendors, landlords and other business partners; and

Previous wording

•a large acquisition could stretch our resources and divert management’s attention from existing operations.

Current wording

•a large transaction such as the REV Transaction could stretch our resources and divert management’s attention from existing operations.

Previous wording

The successful integration of any previously acquired or newly acquired business also requires us to implement effective internal control processes in these acquired businesses. While we believe we have successfully integrated acquisitions to date, we cannot ensure that previously acquired or newly acquired companies, including ESG, will operate profitably, that the intended beneficial effect from these acquisitions will be realized and that we will not encounter difficulties in implementing effective internal control processes in these acquired businesses, particularly when the acquired business operates in foreign jurisdictions and/or was privately owned. See Risk Factor entitled “We must comply with an injunction and related obligations resulting from the settlement of an SEC investigation” for additional consequences if we were to commit a violation of the reporting and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. While our evaluation of any potential transaction includes business, legal, compliance and financial due diligence with the goal of identifying and evaluating the material risks involved, these due diligence reviews may not identify all of the issues necessary to accurately estimate the cost and potential risks of a particular acquisition or costs associated with any quality issues with an acquisition target's products or services. In addition, to the extent that we seek or make acquisitions in machinery and industrial businesses that are significantly different from our existing operations, there will be added risks and challenges for managing and integrating these businesses. Further, we may need to consolidate or restructure our acquired or existing facilities, which may require expenditures related to reductions in workforce and other charges resulting from the consolidations or restructurings, such as the write-down of inventory and lease termination costs. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Current wording

The successful integration of any newly or previously acquired or merged business also requires us to implement effective internal control processes. While we believe we have successfully integrated acquisitions to date, we cannot ensure that previously acquired or newly merged or acquired companies, including REV, will operate profitably, that the intended beneficial effect from the REV Transaction or other acquisitions will be realized and that we will not encounter difficulties in implementing effective internal control processes in these merged or acquired businesses, particularly if such business operates in foreign jurisdictions and/or was privately owned. See Risk Factor entitled “We must comply with an injunction and related obligations resulting from the settlement of an SEC investigation” for additional consequences if we were to commit a violation of the reporting and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. While our evaluation of the recent REV Transaction and any potential transaction includes business, legal, compliance and financial due diligence with the goal of identifying and evaluating the material risks, these due diligence reviews may not identify all of the issues necessary to accurately identify and estimate the cost and potential risks associated with such transactions or costs associated with any quality issues with the related products or services. In addition, there may be added risks and challenges for managing and integrating REV’s business, or any other business, that differs from the risks and challenges associated with our business prior to completion of the REV Transaction or other transactions. Further, we may need to consolidate or restructure acquired or existing facilities, which may require expenditures related to reductions in workforce and other charges resulting from the consolidations or restructurings, such as the write-down of inventory and lease termination costs. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Previous wording

Many of these factors will be outside our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy. If we are unable to close or fail to successfully integrate acquired businesses, this could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

Many of these factors will be outside our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to locate suitable acquisition candidates in the future or acquire them on acceptable terms or that we will be able to finance future transactions.

Previous wording

We also may not realize the expected benefits of any newly acquired business, including expected synergies. For instance, if we are unable to realize expected synergies from the ESG acquisition, or the cost to achieve these synergies is greater than expected, then the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Further, we may be unable to achieve or maintain our long-term net leverage targets which could result in an event of default under our outstanding debt obligations. See Risk Factor entitled, “We have a significant amount of debt outstanding and must comply with covenants in our debt agreements.”

Current wording

Further, we may be unable to achieve or maintain our long-term net leverage targets which could result in an event of default under our outstanding debt obligations. See Risk Factor entitled, “We have a significant amount of debt outstanding and must comply with covenants in our debt agreements.”

Previous wording

Our industry is highly competitive. Our competitors include a variety of both domestic and foreign companies in all major markets. To compete successfully, our products must excel in terms of quality, reliability, durability, productivity, price, features, ease of use, safety and comfort, and we must provide excellent customer service and support. The greater financial resources of certain of our competitors may put us at a competitive disadvantage. Low-cost competition from China and other developing markets could also result in decreased demand for our products. If competition in our industry intensifies or if our current competitors lower their prices for competing products, we may lose sales or be required to lower the prices we charge for our products.

Current wording

Our industry is highly competitive. Our competitors include a variety of both domestic and foreign companies in all major markets. To compete successfully, our products must excel in terms of quality, reliability, durability, productivity, price, delivery times, features, customization, technical capability, product innovation, ease of use, safety and comfort, and we must provide excellent customer service and support. Some of our competitors are smaller companies which may have lower operating costs and greater operational flexibility and may focus on regional markets where they have competitive advantages of proximity and relationships with local municipalities or other regional customers. Other competitors are large, well-established companies with capacity, financial and other resources that may be in excess of ours. The greater financial resources of certain of our competitors may put us at a competitive disadvantage. Low-cost competition from China and other developing markets could also result in decreased demand for our products. If competition in our industry intensifies or if our current competitors lower their prices for competing products, we may lose sales or be required to lower the prices we charge for our products.

Previous wording

One of our strategic initiatives is Innovate, which in part aims at the introduction of new or improved products, technologies and capabilities. If we are unable to continue to improve existing equipment products and technologies that meet our customers’ expectations, or the industry’s expectations, including, but not limited to more electric powered and lower emission products, the demand for our equipment could be substantially adversely impacted. Our ability to predict and match new product offerings to diverse global customers’ anticipated preferences for different types and sizes of equipment and various equipment features and functionality, at affordable prices, is critical to our success. This requires a thorough understanding of our existing and potential customers on a global basis. Product development, improvements and introductions also require significant financial and technological resources, talent, research, planning, design, development, engineering and testing at the technological, product and manufacturing process levels. If competitors’ new products arrive in the market before any of our similar new offerings arrive, or competitors offer more attractive features and functions prior to us, then demand for our equipment could be adversely affected or render our product obsolete. Any new products that we develop may also not receive market acceptance or otherwise generate meaningful net sales or profits for us relative to our expectations and our investments. Failure to compete effectively could result in lower revenues from our products and services, lower gross margins or loss of market share.

Current wording

One of our strategic initiatives is Innovate, which in part aims at the continuing and timely introduction of new or improved products, technologies and capabilities. If we are unable to continue to improve existing equipment products and technologies that meet our customers’ expectations, or the industry’s expectations, including, but not limited to more technologically advanced and electric powered and lower emission products, the demand for our equipment could be substantially adversely impacted. Our ability to predict and match new product offerings to diverse global customers’ anticipated preferences for different types and sizes of equipment and various equipment features and functionality, at affordable prices, is critical to our success. This requires a thorough understanding of our existing and potential customers on a global basis. Product development, improvements and introductions also require significant financial and technological resources, talent, research, planning, design, development, engineering and testing at the technological, product and manufacturing process levels. If competitors’ new products arrive in the market before any of our similar new offerings arrive, or competitors offer more attractive features and functions prior to us, then demand for our equipment could be adversely affected or render our product obsolete. Additionally, if we are unable to match or surpass the advances of artificial intelligence that our competitors implement for their products or for internal operations, our competitive position could be impacted. Any new products that we develop may also not receive market acceptance for a number of reasons, including changes in customer preferences or our failure to properly gauge customer preferences. New products may also not generate meaningful net sales or profits for us relative to our expectations and our investments, or they may reduce sales from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. Failure to compete effectively could result in lower revenues from our products and services, lower gross margins or loss of market share.

Previous wording

The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

The imposition of new, postponed or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Rising international tariffs, including any tariffs applied to goods traded between the U.S. and China, the U.S. and Mexico and the U.S. and Canada, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. The U.S. government has previously and now again recently imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods from a variety of countries and regions that it perceives as engaging in unfair trade practices. Foreign governments have imposed, and may impose in the future, retaliatory tariffs on goods that their countries import from the U.S. Such changes can make it difficult or costly for us to do business in, or import our products from, those countries. For example, tariffs on certain Chinese origin goods impact the cost of material and machines we import directly from our manufacturing operations in China, as well as the cost of material and components imported on our behalf by suppliers. The indirect impact of inflationary pressure on costs throughout the supply chain and the direct impact, for example, on costs for machines we import from our manufacturing operations in China, leads to higher input costs and lower margins on certain products we sell. In addition, tariffs imposed by the Chinese government on U.S. imports have made the cost of some of our products more expensive for our Chinese customers.

Current wording

The U.S. government has continued to impose tariffs on a broad range of foreign goods from an increasing number of countries and regions that it perceives as engaging in unfair trade practices. Foreign governments have imposed, and may continue to impose, retaliatory tariffs on imports from the U.S. as well as other barriers to trade. Such changes can make it difficult or costly for us to do business in, or import our products from, such countries. The indirect impact of inflationary pressure on costs throughout the supply chain and the direct impact, for example, on costs for machines we import outside of the U.S., leads to higher input costs and potentially lower margins on certain products we sell. In addition, increasing tariffs imposed by the Chinese government on U.S. imports, and the potential imposition of tariffs by other countries on U.S. imports, have made the cost of some of our products more expensive for our non-U.S. customers and such costs could further increase.

Previous wording

We have been able to mitigate some effects of tariffs through the U.S. government’s duty draw-back mechanism, tariff exclusion process, footprint utilization, and prudent sourcing. However, with certain tariff exclusions ending and with any new tariffs, it could further negatively impact global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. Such tariffs may result in significant increases in our material and component costs and the cost of machinery imported directly from our international manufacturing operations, which may make our products less cost competitive and reduce gross margins. It may also adversely impact demand for our products in certain locations. It may be time-consuming and costly for us to modify our business operations to adapt to or comply with such tariffs. If we become unable to recover a substantial portion of any increased tariff related costs, the recent or increased international tariffs could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

We have been able to mitigate some effects of tariffs through the U.S. government’s duty draw-back mechanism, tariff exclusion process, footprint utilization, pricing actions and prudent sourcing. However, the end of certain tariff exclusions, and the increasing amount of new and proposed tariffs, could further destabilize global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. The extent and duration of the tariffs and the resulting impact on general economic conditions and on our business are uncertain and depend on various factors, such as recent legal challenges to the U.S.’s imposition of tariffs, negotiations between the U.S. and affected countries, the responses of other countries or regions, relief that may be granted, availability and cost of alternative sources of supply and demand for our products in affected markets. Modifying our business operations to continuously adapt to or comply with rapidly evolving tariffs may be time-consuming and costly. If we become unable to recover a substantial portion of any tariff related costs from our customers, suppliers, duty draw-back, or other available avenues, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Demand for our products is affected by the general strength of the economies in which we sell our products, customers’ perceptions concerning the timing of economic cycles, customers’ replacement or repair cycles, prevailing interest rates, residential and non-residential construction spending, government spending priorities, capital expenditure allocations of our customers, the timing of regulatory standard changes, oil and gas related activity and other factors. The last several years have been marked by geopolitical instability, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine as well as Israel and Hamas, social concerns, supply chain and freight constraints, a pandemic, labor shortages and wage increases, high inflation, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility, and recessions, all of which have increased ongoing economic uncertainty and instability in the global markets. This instability can make it extremely difficult for our customers, our suppliers and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. Some of our customers also depend substantially on government funding of highway construction, maintenance and other infrastructure projects. Policies of governments attempting to address local deficit or structural economic issues could have a material impact on our customers and markets. There is an expectation of significant infrastructure and government spending, including in relation to the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Inflation Reduction Act and the CHIPS and Science Act. Any decrease or delay in government funding of highway construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and overall government spending could cause our revenues and profits to decrease.

Current wording

Demand for our products is affected by the general strength of the economies in which we sell our products, customers’ perceptions concerning the timing of economic cycles, customers’ replacement or repair cycles, prevailing interest rates, residential and non-residential construction spending, government spending priorities, capital expenditure allocations of our customers, the timing of regulatory standard changes, oil and gas related activity and other factors. The last several years have been marked by geopolitical instability, including multiple global conflicts, social concerns, supply chain and freight constraints, a pandemic, labor shortages and wage increases, high inflation, slower economic growth, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility, recessions, tariffs and potential international trade wars, all of which have increased ongoing economic uncertainty and instability in the global markets. This instability can make it extremely difficult for our customers, our suppliers and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities.

Previous wording

Recent channel adjustments reflect macro uncertainty, high interest rates, geopolitical uncertainties, and shorter delivery lead times. We cannot provide any assurance that there will not be continued, increased global economic weakness and recessions based on the above uncertainties or other factors. The imposition of tariffs by the United States could trigger the adoption of tariffs by other countries as well. Any resulting escalation of trade tensions, including a trade war, could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. If economic conditions in the U.S., Europe and other key markets weaken, we may experience further negative impacts to our net sales, financial condition, profitability and cash flows, which could result in the need for us to record impairments.

Current wording

The current market environment generally reflect macro uncertainty, high interest rates, geopolitical uncertainties, and shorter delivery lead times. We cannot provide any assurance that there will not be continued, increased global economic weakness and recessions based on the above uncertainties or other factors. Additionally, changes in trade agreements, the continued imposition of tariffs by the United States, retaliatory tariffs by other countries and any resulting escalation of trade tensions, including a trade war, could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. If economic conditions in the U.S., Europe and other key markets weaken, we may experience further negative impacts to our net sales, financial condition, profitability and cash flows, which could result in the need for us to record impairments.

Previous wording

Following the acquisition of ESG our debt levels have now increased significantly. Our ability to make required payments of principal and interest on our increased debt levels will depend on future performance of our combined businesses, which, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond our control. In addition, our credit agreement contains financial and restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to, among other things, borrow additional funds or take advantage of business opportunities. While we are currently in compliance with the financial covenants, increases in our debt or decreases in our earnings could cause us to fail to comply with these financial covenants. Our failure to comply with such covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all our indebtedness or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operation and debt service capability.

Current wording

Following our recent REV Transaction and the acquisition of ESG, our debt levels have increased significantly. Our ability to make required payments of principal and interest on our increased debt levels will depend on future performance of our combined businesses, which, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond our control. In addition, our credit agreement contains financial and restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to, among other things, borrow additional funds or take advantage of business opportunities. While we are currently in compliance with the financial covenants, increases in our debt or decreases in our earnings could cause us to fail to comply with these financial covenants. Our failure to comply with such covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all our indebtedness or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operation and debt service capability.

Previous wording

Chinese Yuan, Indian Rupee, Australian Dollar and Mexican Peso. Those assets, liabilities, expenses, revenues and earnings are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable foreign exchange rates to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and those other currencies affect the value of those items as reflected in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value remains unchanged in their original currency. Due to volatility of foreign exchange rates to the U.S. dollar, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may have an impact on the accuracy of our financial guidance. Such fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in our guidance and have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Current wording

Additionally, the reporting currency for our consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar. Certain of our assets, liabilities, expenses, revenues and earnings are denominated in other countries’ currencies, including the Euro, British Pound, Chinese Yuan, Indian Rupee, Australian Dollar and Mexican Peso. Those assets, liabilities, expenses, revenues and earnings are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable foreign exchange rates to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and those other currencies affect the value of those items as reflected in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value remains unchanged in their original currency. Due to volatility of foreign exchange rates to the U.S. dollar, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may have an impact on the accuracy of our financial guidance. Such fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in our guidance and have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Previous wording

Some of our customers rely on financing with third parties to purchase our products.

Current wording

Some of our dealers and customers rely on financing with third parties to purchase our products.

Previous wording

We rely on sales of our products to generate cash from operations. Significant portions of our sales are financed by third-party finance companies on behalf of our customers. The availability of financing by third parties is affected by general economic conditions, credit worthiness of our customers and estimated residual value of our equipment. Deterioration in credit quality of our customers or estimated residual value of our equipment could negatively impact the ability of our customers to obtain resources they need to purchase our equipment. Some of our customers have been unable to obtain the credit they need to buy our equipment. There can be no assurance third-party finance companies will continue to extend credit to our customers.

Current wording

We rely on sales of our products to generate cash from operations. Significant portions of our sales are financed by third-party finance companies on behalf of our dealers and customers. The availability and terms of financing to dealers and retail purchasers by third parties is affected by general economic conditions, credit worthiness of our individual dealers and customers and estimated residual value of our equipment. Deterioration in credit quality of our customers or dealers, or estimated residual value of our equipment, could negatively impact the ability of our customers or dealers to obtain resources they need to purchase our equipment. Although we assist our customers and dealers with arranging their financing with third parties for purchases of our products, some of our customers and dealers have been unable to obtain the credit they need to buy our products. There can be no assurance third-party finance companies will continue to extend credit to our customers and dealers. Additionally, a decrease in the availability of financing, more restrictive lending practices or an increase in the cost of wholesale financing can prevent dealers from carrying adequate levels of inventory, which limits product offerings available to the end customer and could lead to reduced sales of our products. For some businesses, a small number of financial institutions provide our dealers’ total financed products outstanding in a floor plan financing program at any point in time. Substantial increases in interest rates and decreases in the general availability of credit may have an adverse impact upon our business and results of operations.

Previous wording

High interest rates could have a dampening effect on the financial condition of some of our customers and their ability to repay credit obligations. As a result, some of our customers may need to cancel existing orders and some may be compelled to sell their equipment at less than fair value to raise cash, which could have a negative impact on residual values of our equipment. These economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and on our financial condition and operating results.

Current wording

High interest rates could have a dampening effect on the financial condition of some of our customers and dealers and their ability to repay credit obligations. As a result, some of our customers and dealers may need to cancel existing orders and some may be compelled to sell their equipment at less than fair value to raise cash, which could have a negative impact on residual values of our equipment. These economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and on our financial condition and operating results.

Previous wording

We are exposed to losses from providing credit support to some of our customers.

Current wording

We are exposed to losses from providing credit support to some of our customers and dealers.

Previous wording

We may assist customers in their rental, leasing and acquisition of our products by facilitating financing transactions directly between (i) end-user customers, distributors and rental companies and (ii) third-party financial institutions, providing recourse in certain circumstances. The expectation of losses or non-performance is assessed based on consideration of historical customer assessments, current financial conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, equipment collateral value and other factors. Many of these factors, including the assessment of a customer’s ability to pay, are influenced by economic and market factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our maximum liability is generally limited to our customer’s remaining payments due to the third-party financial institutions at the time of default. In the event of a customer default, we are generally able to recover and dispose of the equipment at a minimum loss, if any, to us.

Current wording

We may with the rental, leasing and acquisition of our products by facilitating financing transactions directly between (i) end-user customers, dealers, distributors and rental companies and (ii) third-party financial institutions, providing recourse in certain circumstances. The expectation of losses or non-performance is assessed based on consideration of historical customer assessments, current financial conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, equipment collateral value and other factors. Many of these factors, including the assessment of a customer’s or dealer’s ability to pay, are influenced by economic and market factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our maximum liability is generally limited to remaining payments due to the third-party financial institutions at the time of default or repurchase of the products. In the event of a default, we are generally able to recover and dispose of the equipment at a minimal loss, if any, to us.

Previous wording

During periods of economic weakness, collateral underlying our guarantees of indebtedness of customers can decline sharply, thereby increasing our exposure to losses. In the future, we may incur losses in excess of our recorded reserves if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate further or the full amount of any anticipated proceeds from the sale of the collateral supporting our customers’ financial obligations is not realized. Historically, losses related to guarantees have been immaterial; however, there can be no assurance that our historical experience with respect to guarantees will be indicative of future results.

Current wording

During periods of economic weakness, collateral underlying our guarantees of indebtedness of customers can decline sharply, thereby increasing our exposure to losses. In the future, we may incur losses in excess of our recorded reserves if the financial condition of our customers was to deteriorate further or the full amount of any anticipated proceeds from the sale of the collateral supporting our customers’ financial obligations is not realized. Historically, losses related to guarantees have been immaterial; however, there can be no assurance that our historical experience with respect to guarantees will be indicative of future results.

Previous wording

•uncertainties and instability in global and regional economic conditions, including changes related to market conditions caused by heightened inflation, economic recessions, and significant interest rate fluctuations;

Current wording

•uncertainties and instability in global and regional economic conditions, including changes related to market conditions caused by inflation, economic recessions, and significant interest rate fluctuations;

Previous wording

•ongoing political instability and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict between Israel and Hamas, the relationship between China and the U.S. and other actual or anticipated military or political conflicts;

Current wording

•ongoing political instability and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, actual or anticipated military or political conflicts;

Previous wording

As a global manufacturer, quotas, duties, tariffs and the possibility of an escalation or further developments of current trade conflicts could continue to negatively impact global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. See the Risk Factor entitled “The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” for additional details.

Current wording

As a global manufacturer, quotas, duties, tariffs and the possibility of an escalation or further developments of current trade conflicts could continue to negatively impact global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. See the Risk Factor entitled “The imposition of new, proposed or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” for additional details.

Previous wording

The Coalition of American Manufacturers of Mobile Access Equipment, an alliance of mobile access equipment producers in the U.S. of which we are a member, pursued anti-dumping and countervailing cases against unfairly traded Chinese imports of mobile access equipment. The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued countervailing and anti-dumping duty rates on mobile access equipment from China. If these duties are not enough to offset the subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese mobile access equipment manufacturers and/or if the duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, we may continue to operate at a disadvantage to Chinese manufacturers. This could result in reduced demand for our products in the U.S. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations. Similarly, following an official complaint by several of our EU competitors, the European Commission recently concluded an anti-dumping investigation into mobile access equipment imported from China. As a result of the anti-dumping investigation, the European Commission imposed a range of anti-dumping duties on manufacturers who produce equipment in China, with the highest duties assigned to Chinese owned competitors. If such duties are not enough to offset any subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese manufacturers and/or if their duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, it could result in reduced demand for our products in the E.U. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operation.

Current wording

The Coalition of American Manufacturers of Mobile Access Equipment, an alliance of mobile access equipment producers in the U.S. of which we are a member, pursued anti-dumping and countervailing cases against unfairly traded Chinese imports of mobile access equipment. The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued countervailing and anti-dumping duty rates on mobile access equipment from China. If these duties are not enough to offset the subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese mobile access equipment manufacturers and/or if the duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, we may continue to operate at a disadvantage to Chinese manufacturers. This could result in reduced demand for our products in the U.S. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations. Similarly, following an official complaint by several of our EU competitors, the European Commission recently concluded anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into mobile access equipment imported from China. As a result of these investigations, the European Commission imposed a range of duties on manufacturers who produce equipment in China, with most of the highest duties assigned to Chinese owned competitors. If anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties are not enough to offset any subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese manufacturers and/or if their duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, it could result in reduced demand for our products in the E.U. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operation.

Previous wording

We obtain materials and manufactured components from third-party suppliers. Principal materials and components used in our various manufacturing processes include steel, castings, engines, tires, hydraulics, cylinders, drive trains, cab chassis, electric controls and motors, semiconductors, and a variety of other commodities and fabricated or manufactured items. The cost and availability of these materials, components and final assemblies have varied significantly in past years. While we have seen improvements in the supply chain, additional fluctuations and disruptions are possible due to demand changes, inflation, geopolitical and economic uncertainty, regulatory and policy instability, the imposition of duties and tariffs and trade agreements/barriers, freight availability and costs, wage increases and labor shortages. The Company has mitigated these risks with price increases on our products, recouped tariffs through duty drawback and exclusions, and working with suppliers to ensure optimum pricing and inventory levels. However, if customers become unwilling to accept any future price increases in the Company’s products and the Company is unable to recover a substantial portion of increased costs from our suppliers, or through duty draw-back/exclusions, or otherwise offset the increased costs, then increased fluctuations in costs of materials or inflation generally and supply chain challenges could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operation, profitability, free cash flows, and financial condition.

Current wording

We obtain materials and manufactured components from third-party suppliers. Principal materials and components used in our various manufacturing processes include steel, castings, engines, transmissions, wire harnesses, axles, tires, hydraulics, cylinders, drive trains, cab chassis, electric controls and motors, semiconductors, and a variety of other commodities and fabricated or manufactured items. The cost and availability of these materials, components and final assemblies have varied significantly in past years. While we have seen improvements in the supply chain, additional fluctuations and disruptions are possible due to demand changes, inflation, geopolitical and economic uncertainty, regulatory and policy instability, the imposition of duties and tariffs and trade agreements/barriers, freight availability and costs, wage increases and labor shortages. The Company has mitigated these risks with price increases on our products, recouped tariffs through duty drawback and exclusions, and working with suppliers to ensure optimum pricing and inventory levels. However, if customers become unwilling to accept any future price increases in the Company’s products and the Company is unable to recover a substantial portion of increased costs from our suppliers, or through duty draw-back/exclusions, or otherwise offset the increased costs, then increased fluctuations in costs of materials or inflation generally and supply chain challenges could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operation, profitability, free cash flows, and financial condition.

Previous wording

In the absence of labor strikes or other unusual circumstances, substantially all materials and components are normally available from multiple suppliers. However, certain of our businesses receive materials and components from a single source supplier, although alternative suppliers of such materials may be generally available. Delays in our suppliers’ abilities, especially any sole suppliers for a particular business, to provide us with necessary materials and components may delay production at a number of our manufacturing locations, or may require us to seek alternative supply sources. Delays in obtaining supplies may result from a number of factors affecting our suppliers, including capacity constraints, regulatory changes, global logistics network challenges and cost increases, labor shortages and disputes, wage increases, inflation, suppliers’ impaired financial condition, suppliers’ allocations to other purchasers, weather emergencies, pandemics or acts of war or terrorism. We actively monitor and mitigate our supply chain risk, but there can be no assurance that our mitigation plans will be effective. Any delay or disruptions in receiving supplies could result in manufacturing inefficiencies caused by us having to wait for parts to arrive on production lines, could impair our ability to deliver products to our customers and delay sales, and, accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

Current wording

In the absence of labor strikes or other unusual circumstances, substantially all materials and components are normally available from multiple suppliers. However, certain of our businesses receive materials and components from a limited number of qualified suppliers or a single source supplier, although alternative suppliers of such materials may be generally available. Delays in our suppliers’ abilities, especially any sole suppliers for a particular business, to provide us with necessary materials and components may delay production at a number of our manufacturing locations or may require us to seek alternative supply sources. Delays in obtaining supplies may result from a number of factors affecting our suppliers, including capacity constraints, regulatory changes, global logistics network challenges and cost increases, labor shortages and disputes, shortages of materials and components, wage increases, inflation, suppliers’ impaired financial condition, suppliers’ allocations to other purchasers, weather emergencies, pandemics or acts of war or terrorism. We actively monitor and mitigate our supply chain risk, but there can be no assurance that our mitigation plans will be effective. Any delay or disruptions in receiving supplies could result in manufacturing inefficiencies caused by us having to wait for parts to arrive on production lines, could impair our ability to deliver products to our customers and delay sales, and, accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

Previous wording

If our equipment does not perform as expected or should we or any government safety regulator determine that a safety or other defect or noncompliance exists with respect to our equipment, we may receive warranty claims, need to perform a safety recall campaign, or need to delay product deliveries, the costs of which could become substantial. It could also lead to product liability, breach of warranty, and other claims. As a manufacturer of equipment, we must manage the cost and risk associated with product warranties, repairs and recalls, regulatory penalties, product liability, breach of warranty, and other claims with respect to our products. We establish warranty reserves that represent our estimate of the costs we expect to incur to fulfill our warranty obligations. We base our estimate for warranty reserves on our historical experience and other related assumptions. If actual results materially differ from these estimates, our results of operations could be materially affected. In addition, any actual or perceived defect or quality issue in our products could lead to negative public perceptions about the safety of our products and could cause harm to our overall business, reputation, financial condition and operating results.

Current wording

If our equipment does not perform as expected or should we or any government safety regulator determine that a safety or other defect or noncompliance exists with respect to our equipment, we may receive warranty claims, need to perform a safety recall campaign, or need to delay product deliveries or launches, the costs of which could become substantial. It could also lead to product liability, breach of warranty, and other claims. Additionally, certain products we manufacture for sale are subject to strict contractually established specifications using complex manufacturing processes. If we fail to meet the contractual requirements for certain products or parts, we may be subject to warranty costs to repair or replace the part itself and additional costs related to the investigation and inspection of non-complying parts. As a manufacturer of equipment, we must manage the cost and risk associated with product warranties, repairs and recalls, regulatory penalties, product liability, breach of warranty, and other claims with respect to our products. We establish warranty reserves that represent our estimate of the costs we expect to incur to fulfill our warranty obligations. We base our estimate for warranty reserves on our historical experience and other related assumptions. If actual results materially differ from these estimates, our results of operations could be materially affected. We also may not be able to enforce warranties to recover losses from suppliers if such suppliers refuse to honor a warranty or go out of business. Overall, any actual or perceived defect or quality issue in our products could lead to negative public perceptions about the safety of our products and could cause harm to our overall business, reputation, financial condition and operating results.

Previous wording

A material disruption to one of our significant manufacturing plants could adversely affect our ability to generate revenue.

Current wording

A material disruption to one of our significant manufacturing plants may cause significant lost production and adversely affect our results of operations.

Previous wording

If operations at a significant facility were disrupted as a result of equipment failures, natural disasters, health epidemics, work stoppages, power outages or other reasons, our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected. Interruptions in production could increase costs and delay the delivery of units in production. Production capacity limits could cause us to reduce or delay sales efforts until production capacity is available.

Current wording

If operations at a significant facility were disrupted as a result of equipment failures, natural disasters, health epidemics, work stoppages, power outages or other reasons, our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected. Interruptions in production, and subsequent prolonged startup periods, could cause a significant loss in production, increase costs and delay the delivery of units in production, negatively impacting our customers and dealers. Production capacity limits could cause us to reduce or delay sales efforts until production capacity is available. Although we carry property and business interruption insurance, our coverage may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses that may occur.

Previous wording

We rely extensively on information technology systems and networks, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information (including sensitive data such as confidential business information and personally identifiable data relating to employees, customers and other business partners), and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities. As technology continues to evolve, we anticipate that we will collect and store even more data in the future and that our systems will increasingly use remote communication. Operating these information technology systems and networks and processing and maintaining related data in a secure manner, is critical to our business operations and strategy. We continuously seek to maintain a robust program of information security and controls, but these systems may be damaged, disrupted or shut down due to attacks by computer hackers, computer viruses, employee error or malfeasance, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication or utility failures, catastrophes or other unforeseen events, and in any such circumstances our system redundancy and other disaster recovery planning may be ineffective or inadequate. The current cyber threat environment continues to indicate increased risk for all companies, with cyber-attacks expanding in both frequency and sophistication. These threats may also be further enhanced in frequency or intensity through threat actors’ use of artificial intelligence technologies, which are becoming more rapidly developed and adopted. Like other global companies, we have experienced cyber threats and incidents in our systems and those of our third-party providers, and we have experienced viruses and attacks targeting our information technology systems and networks, although none have had a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. Our information security efforts include programs designed to address security governance, identification and protection of critical assets, insider risk, third-party risk and cyber defense operations. We are also utilizing artificial intelligence technologies to help detect and defend against cyber threats. While these measures are designed to reduce the risk of a breach or failure of our information technology systems, no security measures or countermeasures can guarantee that the Company will not experience a significant information security incident in the future. A failure of or breach in information technology security, particularly through malicious cyber-attacks, could expose us and our customers, distributors and suppliers to risks of misuse of information or systems, the compromise of confidential information, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operations disruptions. In addition, such breaches in security could result in misstated financial information, regulatory action, fines and litigation, reputational damage, and o…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

The current cyber threat environment continues to indicate increased risk for all companies, with cyber-attacks expanding in both frequency and sophistication. These threats may be further enhanced in frequency, sophistication and intensity through threat actors’ adoption of artificial intelligence technologies, which are becoming more rapidly developed and adopted. Like other global companies, we have experienced cyber threats and incidents in our systems and those of our customers, suppliers and third-party service providers, and we have experienced viruses and attacks targeting our information technology systems and networks, although none have had a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. Our information security efforts include programs designed to address security governance, identification and protection of critical assets, insider risk, third-party risk and cyber defense operations. We are also utilizing artificial intelligence technologies to help detect and defend against cyber threats. While these measures are designed to reduce the risk of a breach or failure of our information technology systems, no security measures or countermeasures can guarantee that the Company will not experience a significant information security incident in the future. A failure of or breach in information technology security, particularly through malicious cyber-attacks, could expose us and our customers, distributors and suppliers to risks of misuse of information or systems, the compromise of confidential information, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operations disruptions. In addition, such breaches in security could result in misstated financial information, regulatory action, fines and litigation, reputational damage, and other potential liabilities, as well as the costs and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Previous wording

The use of artificial intelligence technologies to improve our business operations, information systems, products, services and features may continue to become more important, but poses risks and challenges. The use of artificial intelligence technologies can pose risks from an intellectual property, confidential data leakage, data protection and privacy perspective, as well as raise ethical concerns, compliance issues, and security risks. As artificial intelligence technologies rapidly develop and evolve, and become subject to dynamic and evolving regulatory requirements, the safe and responsible integration of such may be challenging and may impose significant costs, expertise personnel requirements and risk management burdens on the Company. There is also no guarantee that our use of artificial intelligence will enhance our technologies, benefit our business operations, or produce products and services that are preferred by our customers. Any artificial intelligence technologies that we do develop or utilize may ultimately be deficient, inaccurate, biased, incomplete or flawed, which could result in competitive harm, regulatory penalties, legal liability, brand or reputational harm and financial harm.

Current wording

The use of artificial intelligence technologies to improve our business operations, information systems, products, services and features may continue to become more important but poses risks and challenges. The use of artificial intelligence technologies can pose risks from an intellectual property, confidential data leakage, data protection and privacy perspective, as well as raise ethical concerns, compliance issues, and security risks. As artificial intelligence technologies rapidly develop and evolve, and become subject to dynamic and evolving regulatory requirements, the safe and responsible integration of such may be challenging and may impose significant costs, time burdens on management and employees, expertise personnel requirements and risk management burdens on the Company. There is also no guarantee that our use of artificial intelligence will enhance our technologies, benefit our business operations, or produce products and services that are preferred by our customers. Any artificial intelligence technologies that we do develop or utilize may ultimately be deficient, inaccurate, biased, incomplete or flawed, which could result in competitive harm, regulatory penalties, legal liability, brand or reputational harm and financial harm.

Previous wording

We face litigation and product liability claims and other liabilities.

Current wording

We face product liability claims, litigation and other liabilities.

Previous wording

In our lines of business, numerous suits have been filed alleging damages for accidents that have occurred during use, misuse or operation of our products. We are self-insured, up to certain limits, for these product liability exposures, as well as for certain exposures related to general, workers’ compensation and automobile liability. We obtain insurance coverage for catastrophic losses as well as those risks where insurance is required by law or contract. We do not believe that the outcome of such matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position; however, any significant liabilities not covered by insurance could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

Current wording

In our lines of business, numerous suits have been filed alleging damages for accidents that have occurred during use, misuse or operation of our products. We are self-insured, up to certain limits, for these product liability exposures, as well as for certain exposures related to general, workers’ compensation and automobile liability. We obtain insurance coverage for catastrophic losses as well as those risks where insurance is required by law or contract. We do not believe that the outcome of such matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position; however, any significant liabilities not covered by insurance could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, we may incur significant costs to defend product liability claims and reputational damage from such claims, even if we are ultimately successful in defending them.

Previous wording

We operate in many different jurisdictions and we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws.

Current wording

We operate in many different jurisdictions and we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws.