CUMMINS INC
For the period ended Sep 30, 2026. Filed Nov 5, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Sep 30, 2026 · Filed Nov 5, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2026-06-30; filed 2026-08-04.
0000026172-26-000029
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2026-09-30; filed 2026-11-05.
0000026172-26-000037
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 232 previous paragraphs and 228 current paragraphs.
148 unchanged; 58 reworded; 20 added; 25 removed; 1 previous and 2 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 23 previous and 23 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (20)
Current report
2026 Third Quarter Results
Current report
•Components segment sales increased 23 percent mainly due to higher demand in North American truck markets.
Current report
•Power Systems segment sales increased 15 percent primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in North America and China.
Current report
•Distribution segment sales increased 4 percent principally due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in North America.
Current report
•Power Systems segment sales increased 17 percent primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in China and North America.
Current report
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $79 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, and decreased 0.3 points as a percentage of net sales, versus the comparable period in 2025. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to higher compensation expenses. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was due to sales increasing faster than selling, general and administrative expenses, despite higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Current report
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $267 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, and increased 0.2 points as a percentage of net sales, versus the comparable period in 2025. The increases were primarily due to higher compensation expenses and increased consulting costs.
Current report
Other operating expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2026, decreased $217 million, versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to absence of the Accelera goodwill impairment charge, recorded in the third quarter of 2025. See NOTE 14, “ACCELERA ACTIONS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Current report
Other operating expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, was relatively flat versus the comparable period in 2025, as the loss on the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business was offset by the absence of the Accelera goodwill impairment charge, recorded in the third quarter of 2025. See NOTE 14, “ACCELERA ACTIONS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Current report
The three months ended September 30, 2026, contained net favorable discrete items of $75 million, primarily due to $38 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $37 million of favorable return to provision adjustments.
Current report
Engine segment sales for the three months ended September 30, 2026, increased $525 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by market:
Current report
•Heavy-duty truck sales increased $244 million principally due to higher demand in North America with shipments up 68 percent.
Current report
Engine segment sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $611 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by market:
Current report
Engine segment EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2026, increased $161 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to higher volumes.
Current report
Engine segment EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, decreased $32 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to higher compensation expenses, partially offset by increased volumes.
Current report
Components segment sales for the three months ended September 30, 2026, increased $527 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by business:
Current report
Components segment sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $573 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by business:
Current report
Distribution segment EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2026, decreased $31 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to higher compensation expenses, partially offset by increased volumes.
Current report
Power Systems segment EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $435 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher volumes and favorable pricing.
Current report
Accelera segment sales for the three months ended September 30, 2026, decreased $18 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to lower sales of electrolyzers.
Removed paragraphs (25)
Previous report
2026 Second Quarter Results
Previous report
•Power Systems segment sales increased 19 percent primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in China and North America.
Previous report
•Power Systems segment sales increased 19 percent primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in China and North America.
Previous report
•Distribution segment sales increased 8 percent principally due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in North America.
Previous report
•Components segment sales increased 1 percent mainly due to higher demand in emission solutions and components and software markets in China and India, partially offset by lower drivetrain and braking demand in North America and India.
Previous report
•Favorable foreign currency fluctuations of 2 percent of total sales, primarily in the Euro and Chinese renminbi.
Previous report
Research, development and engineering expenses increased $28 million and $42 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2025, primarily due to higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation. Overall research, development and engineering expenses as a percentage of net sales remained flat for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 versus the comparable periods in 2025.
Previous report
Other operating expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased by $227 million, primarily due to the loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Previous report
The three months ended June 30, 2026, contained net unfavorable discrete items of $29 million, primarily due to $17 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments and $12 million of other net unfavorable discrete tax items.
Previous report
Engine segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $185 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by market:
Previous report
Engine segment sales for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $86 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to an increase in off-highway sales of $219 million mainly due to higher international construction demand, especially in China. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $130 million in heavy-duty truck sales principally due to lower demand, especially in North America, with shipments down 10 percent.
Previous report
Engine segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2026, decreased $14 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to higher compensation expenses and increased freight costs, partially offset by improved tariff recovery.
Previous report
Engine segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, decreased $193 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to higher compensation expenses and lower volumes.
Previous report
Components segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $186 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by business:
Previous report
Components segment sales for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $46 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by business:
Previous report
These increases were offset by the following decreases:
Previous report
•Automated transmissions sales decreased $28 million primarily due to lower demand in North America and China.
Previous report
Components segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2026, decreased $16 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to increased product coverage costs and higher compensation expenses, partially offset by favorable pricing.
Previous report
Components segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, decreased $61 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased compensation expenses and higher product coverage costs.
Previous report
Distribution segment sales for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $494 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to increased demand in power generation equipment in North America, especially in data center and commercial applications.
Previous report
Power Systems segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $122 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher volumes.
Previous report
Power Systems segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $310 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher volumes and improved operational leverage.
Previous report
Accelera segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $40 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher sales for electrified powertrains and electrolyzers.
Previous report
Accounts Receivable Sales Program
Previous report
In May 2024, we entered into an accounts receivable sales agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., to sell certain accounts receivable up to the Board approved limit of $500 million. There was no activity under the program during the six months ended June 30, 2026. This agreement expired in July 2026 and was not renewed.
Reworded paragraphs (58)
Previous wording
As disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, we operate our business on a global basis and changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies affecting and/or restricting international trade, including higher tariffs, trade disruptions (such as embargoes, sanctions and export controls) and broader geopolitical tensions, could adversely impact the demand for our products and our competitive position. In 2025, the U.S. imposed tariffs on certain countries and products, which was followed by retaliatory tariffs and other trade actions against U.S. goods and services. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that U.S. tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) on goods imported into the U.S. were unauthorized. After this ruling, new tariffs were subsequently imposed under different statutes. The global trade environment has contributed to ongoing market volatility and heightened concerns about potential economic impacts. Our primary risks include reduced global movement of goods impacting freight activity, increased costs for suppliers and end-users and uncertainty around supply availability. These factors could lead to a decline in business confidence, reduced demand for our products and increased product costs. We continue to pursue mitigation strategies, including engaging with our suppliers, exploring alternative sourcing and negotiating agreements with our customers to recover tariff-related costs. The financial impact of tariffs, net of mitigation actions and U.S. government tariff refunds (net of amounts to be returned to customers), was immaterial to our profitability and operating cash flows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. However, continued and increasing tariff costs, the effectiveness of our mitigation efforts and ongoing market volatility could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in the future. We continue to monitor developments and take actions to minimize the related impacts to our business to the extent possible. See the “OUTLOOK” section for a discussion of the potential tariff impacts for the remainder of 2026.
Current wording
As disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, we operate our business on a global basis and changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies affecting and/or restricting international trade, including higher tariffs, trade disruptions (such as embargoes, sanctions and export controls) and broader geopolitical tensions, could adversely impact the demand for our products and our competitive position. In 2025, the U.S. imposed tariffs on certain countries and products, which was followed by retaliatory tariffs and other trade actions against U.S. goods and services. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that U.S. tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) on goods imported into the U.S. were unauthorized. After this ruling, new tariffs were subsequently imposed under different statutes. The global trade environment has contributed to ongoing market volatility and heightened concerns about potential economic impacts. Our primary risks include reduced global movement of goods impacting freight activity, increased costs for suppliers and end-users and uncertainty around supply availability. These factors could lead to a decline in business confidence, reduced demand for our products and increased product costs. We continue to pursue mitigation strategies, including leveraging available government tariff offset programs, engaging with our suppliers, exploring alternative sourcing and negotiating agreements with our customers to recover tariff-related costs. The financial impact of tariffs, net of mitigation actions and U.S. government tariff refunds (net of amounts to be returned to customers), was immaterial to our profitability and operating cash flows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. However, continued and increasing tariff costs, the effectiveness of our mitigation efforts and ongoing market volatility could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in the future. We continue to monitor developments and take actions to minimize the related impacts to our business to the extent possible. See the “OUTLOOK” section for a discussion of the potential tariff impacts for the remainder of 2026.
Previous wording
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $932 million, or $6.73 per diluted share, on sales of $9.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2026, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $890 million, or $6.43 per diluted share, on sales of $8.6 billion. The increases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were primarily driven by higher sales leading to improved gross margin, partially offset by higher compensation costs. Diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2026, benefited $0.01 from fewer weighted-average shares outstanding due to the stock repurchase program.
Current wording
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $1.1 billion, or $8.25 per diluted share, on sales of $9.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2026, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $536 million, or $3.86 per diluted share, on sales of $8.3 billion. The increases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were primarily driven by higher sales leading to improved gross margin and the absence of the Accelera goodwill impairment charge and inventory write-down recorded during the third quarter of 2025, partially offset by higher compensation expenses. Diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2026, benefited $0.01 from fewer weighted-average shares outstanding due to the stock repurchase program.
Previous wording
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $1.6 billion, or $11.44 per diluted share, on sales of $17.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2026, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $1.7 billion, or $12.38 per diluted share, on sales of $16.8 billion. The decreases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were primarily driven by the loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations as well as higher compensation costs, partially offset by higher sales leading to improved gross margin and favorable currency fluctuations (mainly in the Euro and Brazilian real). Diluted earnings per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2026, benefited $0.03 from fewer weighted-average shares outstanding due to stock repurchase programs. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations.
Current wording
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $2.7 billion, or $19.70 per diluted share, on sales of $27.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $2.3 billion, or $16.23 per diluted share, on sales of $25.1 billion. The increases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were primarily driven by higher sales leading to improved gross margin and the absence of the Accelera goodwill impairment charge and inventory write-down recorded during the third quarter of 2025, partially offset by higher compensation expenses and the loss on the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business and settlement of current and future customer obligations. Diluted earnings per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, benefited $0.09 from fewer weighted-average shares outstanding due to stock repurchase programs. See NOTE 14, “ACCELERA ACTIONS” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Accelera goodwill impairment charge and inventory write-down and the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business.
Previous wording
Worldwide revenues increased by 6 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, mainly due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in data center and commercial applications, and in international construction markets, partially offset by lower demand in most on-highway markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 14 percent primarily due to higher sales in China, Europe and Asia Pacific. The increase in international sales was driven by higher demand for power generation equipment and in construction markets as well as favorable foreign currency fluctuations of 4 percent (primarily the Euro and Chinese renminbi). Net sales in the U.S. and Canada improved 1 percent mainly due to higher demand for power generation equipment, partially offset by lower demand in most on-highway markets.
Current wording
Worldwide revenues increased by 13 percent in the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to improved demand in North American medium and heavy-duty truck markets and higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in data center applications. Net sales in the U.S. and Canada improved 15 percent driven by higher demand in medium and heavy-duty truck and power generation markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 11 percent mainly due to higher sales in China, Asia Pacific and Latin America. The increase in international sales was primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment.
Previous wording
Worldwide revenues increased by 9 percent in the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in data center applications, and in international construction markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 12 percent mainly due to higher sales in China and Asia Pacific. The increase in international sales was primarily due to higher demand for power generation equipment and in construction markets as well as favorable foreign currency fluctuations of 2 percent (primarily the Chinese renminbi and Euro). Net sales in the U.S. and Canada improved 8 percent driven by higher demand for power generation equipment and medium-duty trucks.
Current wording
Worldwide revenues increased by 9 percent in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, mainly due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in data center applications, and in North American medium and heavy-duty truck and international construction markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 13 percent primarily due to higher sales in China, Asia Pacific and Europe. The increase in international sales was driven by higher demand for power generation and construction equipment as well as favorable foreign currency fluctuations of 3 percent (primarily the Chinese renminbi, Euro and Brazilian real, partially offset by Indian rupee). Net sales in the U.S. and Canada improved 6 percent mainly due to higher demand in power generation and medium and heavy-duty truck markets.
Previous wording
The following tables contain sales and EBITDA (defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests) by reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information and a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.
Current wording
The following tables contain sales and EBITDA (defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests) by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. See NOTE 15, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information and a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.
Previous wording
We generated $1,808 million in cash from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $782 million for the comparable period in 2025. See the section titled “Cash Flows” in the “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” section for a discussion of items impacting cash flows.
Current wording
We generated $3.2 billion in cash from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $2.1 billion for the comparable period in 2025. See the section titled “Cash Flows” in the “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” section for a discussion of items impacting cash flows.
Previous wording
Our debt to capital ratio (total capital defined as debt plus equity) at June 30, 2026, was 35.6 percent, compared to 36.0 percent at December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to an increased equity balance from strong earnings since December 31, 2025, partially offset by a higher total debt balance at June 30, 2026. At June 30, 2026, we had $3.9 billion in cash and marketable securities on hand and access to our $4.0 billion credit facilities (net of $348 million of commercial paper outstanding), if necessary, to meet working capital, investment, acquisition and funding needs.
Current wording
Our debt to capital ratio (total capital defined as debt plus equity) at September 30, 2026, was 34.4 percent, compared to 36.0 percent at December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to an increased equity balance from strong earnings since December 31, 2025. At September 30, 2026, we had $4.2 billion in cash and marketable securities on hand and access to our $4.0 billion credit facilities (net of $348 million of commercial paper outstanding), if necessary, to meet working capital, investment, acquisition and funding needs.
Previous wording
In the first half of 2026, we repurchased $468 million, or 0.8 million shares, of common stock.
Current wording
In the first nine months of 2026, we repurchased $833 million, or 1.4 million shares, of common stock.
Previous wording
In the first half of 2026, we entered into a series of interest rates swaps to convert $350 million of our senior notes, due in 2054, from a fixed rate of 5.45 percent to a floating rate equal to the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a spread. See NOTE 13, “DERIVATIVES,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Current wording
In the first nine months of 2026, we entered into a series of interest rate swaps to convert $550 million of our senior notes, due in 2054, from a fixed rate of 5.45 percent to a floating rate equal to the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a spread. See NOTE 13, “DERIVATIVES,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Previous wording
Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased by $814 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The primary drivers were as follows:
Current wording
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2026, increased by $1.1 billion versus the comparable period in 2025. The primary drivers were as follows:
Previous wording
•Engine segment sales increased 2 percent largely due to increased demand in construction markets in China, partially offset by lower heavy-duty truck demand in North America.
Current wording
•Engine segment sales increased 20 percent largely due to increased demand in North American truck markets.
Previous wording
Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $1.0 billion versus the comparable period in 2025. The primary drivers were as follows:
Current wording
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $2.2 billion versus the comparable period in 2025. The primary drivers were as follows:
Previous wording
•Distribution segment sales increased 9 percent principally due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in North America.
Current wording
•Distribution segment sales increased 7 percent principally due to higher demand for power generation equipment, especially in North America.
Previous wording
•Engine segment sales increased 6 percent largely due to higher demand in construction markets in China and medium-duty truck markets in North America.
Current wording
•Engine segment sales increased 7 percent largely due to increased demand in construction markets in China and medium-duty truck markets in North America.
Previous wording
•Components segment sales increased 7 percent mainly due to higher emission solutions demand, primarily in China and North America, and increased demand in components and software markets, especially in China and North America.
Current wording
•Components segment sales increased 7 percent mainly due to higher demand in emission solutions and components and software markets in North America, China and India.
Previous wording
Sales to international markets (excludes the U.S. and Canada), based on location of customers, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, were 41 percent and 42 percent of total net sales compared with 40 percent and 39 percent of total net sales for the comparable periods in 2025. A more detailed discussion of sales by segment is presented in the “REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS” section.
Current wording
Sales to international markets (excludes the U.S. and Canada), based on location of customers, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, were 39 percent and 41 percent of total net sales compared with 40 percent and 39 percent of total net sales for the comparable periods in 2025. A more detailed discussion of sales by segment is presented in the “REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS” section.
Previous wording
The types of expenses included in cost of sales are the following: parts and material consumption, including direct and indirect materials; compensation and related expenses, including variable compensation, salaries and fringe benefits; depreciation on production equipment and facilities and amortization of technology intangibles; estimated costs of warranty programs and campaigns; production utilities; production-related purchasing; warehousing, including receiving and inspection; freight costs; engineering support costs; repairs and maintenance; production and warehousing facility property insurance and rent for production facilities and other production overhead.
Current wording
The types of expenses included in cost of sales are the following: parts and material consumption, including direct and indirect materials; compensation and related expenses, including variable compensation, salaries and fringe benefits; depreciation on production equipment and facilities and amortization of technology intangibles; estimated costs of warranty programs and campaigns; production utilities; production-related purchasing; warehousing, including receiving and inspection; freight costs; engineering support costs; repairs and maintenance; net tariff costs; production and warehousing facility property insurance and rent for production facilities and other production overhead.
Previous wording
Gross margin increased $184 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and decreased 0.3 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2025. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to higher volumes and favorable pricing, partially offset by increased compensation expenses. Gross margin as a percentage of sales decreased due to higher compensation expenses. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries was immaterial for the three month period ended June 30, 2026.
Current wording
Gross margin increased $486 million and $758 million, and increased 2.1 and 0.7 points as a percentage of sales, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, versus the comparable periods in 2025. The increases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to higher volumes and favorable pricing, partially offset by increased compensation expenses.
Previous wording
The provision for base warranties issued as a percentage of sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, was 1.9 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively, compared to 1.9 percent and 1.9 percent for the comparable periods in 2025.
Current wording
The provision for base warranties issued as a percentage of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, was 1.9 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively, compared to 1.8 percent and 1.9 percent for the comparable periods in 2025.
Previous wording
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $114 million and $188 million and increased 0.4 points and 0.5 points as a percentage of net sales, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, versus the comparable periods in 2025. The increases were primarily due to higher compensation expenses and increased consulting costs. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Current wording
Research, development and engineering expenses increased $55 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, and increased 0.1 points as a percentage of net sales, versus the comparable period in 2025. The increases were primarily due to higher spending on prototypes, increased consulting expenses and higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Previous wording
Gross margin increased $272 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and remained flat as a percentage of sales versus the comparable period in 2025. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to higher volumes and favorable pricing, partially offset by increased compensation expenses. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries was immaterial for the six month period ended June 30, 2026.
Current wording
Research, development and engineering expenses increased $97 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, and remained flat as a percentage of net sales, versus the comparable periods in 2025. The increase in research, development and engineering expenses was primarily due to higher compensation expenses and increased spending on prototypes.
Previous wording
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $36 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased earnings at Dongfeng Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda. and higher royalty and interest income from investees.
Current wording
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $23 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased earnings at Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and Tata Cummins Ltd.
Previous wording
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $53 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to increased earnings at Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and Dongfeng Cummins Engine Co., Ltd.
Current wording
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $76 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to increased earnings at Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd.
Previous wording
Our effective tax rate for 2026 is expected to approximate 23.0 percent, excluding any discrete items that may arise.
Current wording
Our effective tax rate for 2026 is expected to approximate 23.0 percent, excluding all discrete items and the unfavorable tax impact of the $199 million loss on the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business and settlement of current and future customer obligations for which no tax benefit was recognized.
Previous wording
Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, were 25.1 percent and 26.0 percent, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, were 24.2 percent and 24.1 percent, respectively.
Current wording
Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, were 17.7 percent and 22.8 percent, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were 32.7 percent and 26.3 percent, respectively.
Previous wording
The six months ended June 30, 2026, had an unfavorable discrete tax impact due to the $199 million loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations for which no tax benefit was recognized. Other discrete items were net unfavorable $22 million, primarily due to $23 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments, partially offset by $1 million of other net favorable discrete tax items. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations.
Current wording
The nine months ended September 30, 2026, included an unfavorable tax impact due to the $199 million loss on the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business and settlement of current and future customer obligations for which no tax benefit was recognized. Discrete tax items were a net favorable $53 million, primarily due to $32 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions, $14 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $7 million of other favorable discrete tax items. See NOTE 14, “ACCELERA ACTIONS,” for additional information on the sale of our low pressure fuel cell business.
Previous wording
The three months ended June 30, 2025, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $3 million, primarily due to $4 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions, partially offset by $1 million of other unfavorable adjustments.
Current wording
The three months ended September 30, 2025, contained net unfavorable discrete tax items of $4 million, primarily due to $32 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments and net $1 million of other unfavorable tax items, partially offset by $25 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $4 million of favorable adjustments for share-based compensation.
Previous wording
The six months ended June 30, 2025, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $10 million, primarily due to $8 million of favorable adjustments for share-based compensation tax benefits and $5 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions, partially offset by $3 million of other unfavorable tax items.
Current wording
The nine months ended September 30, 2025, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $6 million, primarily due to $30 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $12 million of favorable adjustments for share-based compensation, partially offset by $32 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments and net $4 million of other unfavorable tax items.
Previous wording
The foreign currency translation adjustment was a net gain of $23 million and a net loss of $86 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, compared to a net gain of $197 million and $314 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, driven by the following:
Current wording
The foreign currency translation adjustment was a net loss of $35 million and $121 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to a net loss of $67 million and a net gain of $247 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, driven by the following:
Previous wording
•Off-highway sales increased $108 million primarily due to higher international construction demand, especially in China.
Current wording
•Off-highway sales increased $322 million mainly due to higher international construction demand, especially in China.
Previous wording
•Medium-duty truck and bus sales increased $80 million primarily due to higher truck demand, especially in North America, with shipments up 15 percent.
Current wording
•Medium-duty truck and bus sales increased $226 million primarily due to higher truck demand, especially in North America, with shipments up 15 percent.
Previous wording
•Drivetrain and braking systems sales decreased $110 million mainly due to lower demand in India and North America.
Current wording
•Drivetrain and braking systems sales increased $192 million principally due to improved demand in North American medium and heavy-duty truck markets.
Previous wording
•Emission solutions sales increased $101 million principally due to higher demand in China and India.
Current wording
•Emission solutions sales increased $168 million primarily due to higher demand in North American medium and heavy-duty truck markets.
Previous wording
•Components and software sales increased $70 million mainly due to increased demand in China and North America.
Current wording
•Components and software sales increased $109 million mainly due to increased demand in North American medium and heavy-duty truck markets.
Previous wording
•Emission solutions sales increased $88 million primarily due to higher demand in China, North America and Latin America.
Current wording
•Emission solutions sales increased $269 million primarily due to higher demand in North America, India, China and Western Europe.
Previous wording
•Components and software sales increased $83 million mainly due to improved demand in China and India.
Current wording
•Components and software sales increased $192 million mainly due to improved demand in North America, China and India.
Previous wording
Distribution segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $6 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to favorable mix and increased volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses, increased product coverage costs and higher freight costs.
Current wording
Components segment EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $116 million and $55 million, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2025, mainly due to increased volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses.
Previous wording
Distribution segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased $285 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased demand for power generation equipment in North America, especially in data center applications.
Current wording
Distribution segment sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $138 million and $632 million, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2025, primarily due to increased demand for power generation equipment in North America, especially in data center applications.
Previous wording
Distribution segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $74 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to favorable mix and increased volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses.
Current wording
Distribution segment EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, increased $43 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to favorable mix and increased volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses.
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Rearranged current paragraphs (2)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Medium-duty truck and bus sales increased $261 million primarily due to higher truck demand, especially in North America, with shipments up 88 percent.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Power Systems segment EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2026, increased $125 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher volumes and favorable pricing, partially offset by increased compensation expenses.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
In the first quarter of 2026, we sold our low pressure fuel cell business to a customer, cancelled future commitments and resolved certain claims against us with that customer resulting in a net payment by us of $175 million. These transactions resulted in a net charge of $199 million which is reflected in other operating expense, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.