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CUMMINS INC

For the period ended Mar 31, 2026. Filed May 5, 2026.

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About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Mar 31, 2026 · Filed May 5, 2026

CMI$450.07+0.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-Q

Period ended 2025-09-30; filed 2025-11-06.

0000026172-25-000039

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-Q

Period ended 2026-03-31; filed 2026-05-05.

0000026172-26-000016

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 251 previous paragraphs and 209 current paragraphs.

124 unchanged; 61 reworded; 24 added; 59 removed; 7 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 24 previous and 24 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (24)

Current report

In the first quarter of 2026, we repurchased $243 million, or 0.5 million shares, of common stock.

Current report

On March 31, 2026, we sold our low pressure fuel cell business to a customer, cancelled future commitments and resolved certain claims against us with that customer resulting in a net payment by us of $175 million. These transactions resulted in a net charge of $199 million, which is reflected in other operating expense, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Current report

In January 2026, we entered into a series of interest rates swaps to convert $150 million of our senior notes, due in 2054, from a fixed rate of 5.45 percent to a floating rate equal to the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a spread. See NOTE 13, “DERIVATIVES,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Current report

•Favorable foreign currency fluctuations (primarily in the Euro, Chinese renminbi and Brazilian real).

Current report

•Components segment sales decreased 5 percent mainly due to lower demand in North American medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets.

Current report

Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, were 27.2 percent and 23.9 percent, respectively.

Current report

The three months ended March 31, 2026, had an unfavorable discrete tax impact due to the $199 million loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations for which no tax benefit was recognized. Other discrete items were net favorable by $7 million. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on loss on sale and settlement of current and future customer obligations.

Current report

Engine segment sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, decreased $99 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The following were the primary drivers by market:

Current report

Engine segment EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2026, decreased $179 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to lower volumes, higher compensation expenses and increased product coverage costs.

Current report

Components segment sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, decreased $140 million versus the comparable period in 2025 primarily due to lower demand in North American medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets. The following were the primary drivers by business:

Current report

•Automated transmissions sales decreased $29 million primarily due to lower demand in North America.

Current report

These decreases were partially offset by favorable foreign currency fluctuations, primarily in the Euro and Chinese renminbi.

Current report

Distribution segment sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $209 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased demand in power generation markets in North America and Asia Pacific, especially in data center and commercial markets, and favorable foreign currency fluctuations, primarily in the Euro, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar.

Current report

On March 31, 2026, we sold our low pressure fuel cell business to a customer, cancelled future commitments and resolved certain claims against us with that customer resulting in a net payment by us of $175 million. These transactions resulted in a net charge of $199 million which is reflected in other operating expense, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Current report

•The potential for trade disruptions (including embargoes, sanctions, export controls and the ongoing conflict in Iran) could cause disruptions in production, further increases in the price of oil and other inputs and could negatively impact earnings.

Current report

•The slower adoption of zero-emission solutions reduced Accelera’s near-term revenue outlook, prompting significant restructuring actions in 2024 and 2025 and a refined strategic investment approach. While we anticipate these actions will gradually improve the cost structure, we expect ongoing investments in priority technologies to result in continued near-term operating losses.

Current report

•We are navigating a dynamic regulatory environment in the U.S. that could impact future product launches and we are actively engaged with customers, regulators and suppliers to ensure product development and certification requirements are met while delivering high-quality, dependable products that align with customer needs.

Current report

In January 2026, we entered into a series of interest rates swaps to convert $150 million of our senior notes, due in 2054, from a fixed rate of 5.45 percent to a floating rate equal to the daily SOFR plus a spread. See NOTE 13, “DERIVATIVES,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Current report

We intend to repurchase outstanding shares from time to time during 2026 to enhance shareholder value.

Current report

On March 31, 2026, we sold our low pressure fuel cell business to a customer, cancelled future commitments and resolved certain claims against us with that customer resulting in a net payment by us of $175 million. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Removed paragraphs (59)

Previous report

On March 18, 2024, we completed the divestiture of our remaining 80.5 percent ownership of Atmus Filtration Technologies Inc. (Atmus) common stock through a tax-free split-off. The exchange resulted in a reduction of shares of our common stock outstanding by 5.6 million shares and a gain of $1.3 billion. See NOTE 15, "ATMUS DIVESTITURE," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $2.3 billion, or $16.23 per diluted share, on sales of $25.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $3.5 billion, or $25.31 per diluted share, on sales of $25.7 billion. The decreases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were driven by the absence of the $1.3 billion gain recognized on the divestiture of Atmus in the first quarter of 2024, lower demand in on-highway commercial truck markets and the goodwill impairment charge and inventory write-down in our Accelera segment in the third quarter of 2025, partially offset by the strong growth in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, lower compensation expenses and favorable non-tariff pricing mainly related to the launch of updated engine products in light-duty automotive markets. See NOTE 5, “INCOME TAXES,” and NOTE 15, “ATMUS DIVESTITURE,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

Worldwide revenues decreased by 2 percent in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, mainly due to weaker demand in on-highway commercial truck markets and the divestiture of Atmus in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by higher demand in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, non-tariff pricing mainly related to the launch of updated engine products in light-duty automotive markets and customer tariff recoveries. Net sales in the U.S. and Canada declined 4 percent mainly due to lower demand in heavy-duty and medium-duty truck markets and the divestiture of Atmus, partially offset by higher sales in power generation markets and non-tariff pricing mainly related to the launch of updated engine products in light-duty automotive markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 1 percent primarily due to higher sales in China and Europe, partially offset by lower sales in Latin America and Asia Pacific. The increase in international sales was primarily due to higher demand in power generation markets and increased off-highway demand (primarily construction and mining), partially offset by weaker demand in on-highway commercial truck markets and the divestiture of Atmus. See NOTE 15, "ATMUS DIVESTITURE," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

In September 2025, we recorded $240 million of non-cash charges in our electrolyzer business for our Accelera segment. See NOTE 14, “GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT AND INVENTORY WRITE-DOWN,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Previous report

In September 2025, we repaid our $500 million 0.75 percent senior notes, due in 2025, using cash on hand. See NOTE 9, “DEBT,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Previous report

In July 2025, the Board of Directors (Board) authorized an increase to our quarterly dividend of approximately 10 percent from $1.82 per share to $2.00 per share.

Previous report

On July 4, 2025, the The Act was signed into law, enacting significant changes to U.S. federal income tax rules affecting corporations, such as the ability to immediately deduct domestic research and development costs, restoration of elective 100 percent bonus depreciation for qualified property and changes to the international tax provisions. See NOTE 5, "INCOME TAXES," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Previous report

On June 2, 2025, we entered into an amended and restated 5-year credit agreement that allows us to borrow up to $2.0 billion of unsecured funds at any time prior to June 2, 2030. The credit agreement amended and restated the prior $2.0 billion 5-year credit agreement that would have matured on June 3, 2029.

Previous report

On June 2, 2025, we entered into a new 3-year credit agreement that allows us to borrow up to $2.0 billion of unsecured funds at any time prior to June 2, 2028. The credit agreement replaced the prior $2.0 billion 364-day credit facility that matured on June 2, 2025.

Previous report

On May 9, 2025, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes consisting of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 4.25 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2028, $700 million aggregate principal amount of 4.70 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2031 and $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.30 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2035. Net of the discount and underwriter fees, we received net proceeds of $1.99 billion. See NOTE 9, "DEBT," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Previous report

•Components segment sales decreased 15 percent mainly due to lower demand in North American medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets.

Previous report

•Power Systems segment sales increased 18 percent primarily due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in North America, India and China.

Previous report

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased $521 million versus the comparable period in 2024. The primary drivers were as follows:

Previous report

•Components segment sales decreased 15 percent mainly due to lower demand in North American heavy-duty and medium-duty truck markets and the divestiture of Atmus on March 18, 2024. See NOTE 15, "ATMUS DIVESTITURE," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

•Engine segment sales decreased 8 percent largely due to lower demand in North American heavy-duty and medium-duty truck markets.

Previous report

•Distribution segment sales increased 10 percent principally due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in North America.

Previous report

Sales to international markets (excludes the U.S. and Canada), based on location of customers, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were 40 percent and 39 percent of total net sales compared with 39 percent and 38 percent of total net sales for the comparable periods in 2024. A more detailed discussion of sales by segment is presented in the “REPORTABLE SEGMENT RESULTS” section.

Previous report

Gross margin increased $160 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and increased 1.1 points as a percentage of sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The increases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to strong growth in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, as well as favorable non-tariff related pricing mainly due to the launch of updated engine products in light-duty automotive markets, partially offset by lower demand in on-highway commercial truck markets and the absence of Atmus sales. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries was immaterial for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025. See NOTE 15, "ATMUS DIVESTITURE," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $135 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and decreased 0.3 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The decreases were mainly due to lower compensation expenses.

Previous report

Research, development and engineering expenses decreased $61 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and decreased 0.1 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The decreases were mainly due to lower compensation expenses.

Previous report

Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $28 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, versus the comparable period in 2024, mainly due to increased earnings at Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and the absence of a joint venture consolidated in the first quarter of 2025 with prior year losses, partially offset by lower earnings at Sistemas Automotrices de Mexico S.A. de C.V. and the absence of joint venture earnings from the divestiture of Atmus. See NOTE 4, "EQUITY, ROYALTY AND INTEREST INCOME FROM INVESTEES," and NOTE 15, "ATMUS DIVESTITURE," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Previous report

Interest expense was $83 million and $247 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, versus $83 million and $281 million for the comparable periods in 2024. Interest expense remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to lower weighted-average interest rates, offset by higher average debt balances. Interest expense decreased $34 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to lower weighted-average interest rates, partially offset by higher average debt balances.

Previous report

On July 4, 2025, The Act was signed into law, enacting significant changes to U.S. federal income tax rules affecting corporations, such as the ability to immediately deduct domestic research and development costs, restoration of elective 100 percent bonus depreciation for qualified property and changes to the international tax provisions. Implementation of The Act resulted in an increase to tax expense of $36 million in the third quarter of 2025, primarily due to a reduction in the foreign income deduction and changes to the research and development tax credit. Additionally, we expect certain provisions of The Act will result in significantly lower tax-related cash payments in the current and the next several fiscal years.

Previous report

Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were 32.7 percent and 26.3 percent, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, were 19.2 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively.

Previous report

The three months ended September 30, 2025, contained net unfavorable discrete tax items of $4 million, primarily due to $32 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments and net $1 million of other unfavorable tax items, partially offset by $25 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $4 million of favorable adjustments for share-based compensation.

Previous report

The nine months ended September 30, 2025, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $6 million, primarily due to $30 million of favorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $12 million of favorable adjustments for share-based compensation, partially offset by $32 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments and net $4 million of other unfavorable tax items.

Previous report

The nine months ended September 30, 2024, contained net favorable discrete tax items primarily due to the $1.3 billion non-taxable gain on the Atmus split-off. Other discrete tax items were net favorable by $66 million, primarily due to $21 million of favorable adjustments related to audit settlements, $20 million of favorable adjustments from tax return amendments, $18 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $17 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $7 million of unfavorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $3 million of other unfavorable adjustments.

Previous report

Noncontrolling interests eliminate the income or loss attributable to non-Cummins ownership interests in our consolidated entities. Noncontrolling interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased $11 million and $8 million versus the comparable periods in 2024. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily due to lower earnings at Eaton Cummins Joint Venture. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was mainly due to losses from a former joint venture consolidated in the first quarter of 2025, the divestiture of Atmus and lower earnings at our other joint ventures, partially offset by higher earnings at Cummins India limited.

Previous report

Engine segment sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025, decreased $308 million versus the comparable period in 2024. The following were the primary drivers by market:

Previous report

These decreases were partially offset by the following increases:

Previous report

•Light-duty automotive sales increased $188 million primarily due to higher pick-up demand, especially in North America, and non-tariff pricing mainly related to the launch of updated engine products, partially offset by the absence of a customer agreement recorded in the third quarter of 2024 providing for a price adjustment for certain units sold beginning January 1, 2024.

Previous report

Engine segment sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased $717 million versus the comparable period in 2024. The following were the primary drivers by market:

Previous report

•Heavy-duty truck sales decreased $595 million principally due to lower demand, especially in North America with shipments down 28 percent.

Previous report

These decreases were partially offset by the following increases:

Previous report

•Light-duty automotive sales increased $196 million primarily due to non-tariff pricing mainly related to the launch of updated engine products, partially offset by the absence of a customer agreement recorded in the third quarter of 2024 providing for a price adjustment for certain units sold beginning January 1, 2024.

Showing the first 40 of 59 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.

Reworded paragraphs (61)

Previous wording

•any adverse consequences resulting from entering into agreements with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), California Air Resources Board, the Environmental and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the California Attorney General's Office to resolve certain regulatory civil claims regarding our emissions certification and compliance process for certain engines primarily used in pick-up truck applications in the U.S., which became final and effective in April 2024, (collectively, the Settlement Agreements), including required additional mitigation projects, adverse reputational impacts and potential resulting legal actions;

Current wording

•any adverse consequences resulting from entering into agreements with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), California Air Resources Board (CARB), the Environmental and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the California Attorney General's Office to resolve certain regulatory civil claims regarding our emissions certification and compliance process for certain engines primarily used in pick-up truck applications in the U.S., which became final and effective in April 2024, (collectively, the Settlement Agreements), including required additional mitigation projects, adverse reputational impacts and potential resulting legal actions;

Previous wording

•the development of new technologies that reduce demand for our current products and services;

Current wording

•the development of new technologies that reduce demand for our current products and services or not successfully developing new technologies and products to effectively address the energy transition;

Previous wording

•the use of artificial intelligence in our business and in our products and challenges with properly managing its use;

Current wording

•the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in our business and in our products, services and features, and challenges with properly managing its use;

Previous wording

•political, economic and other risks from operations in numerous countries including political, economic and social uncertainty and the evolving globalization of our business;

Current wording

•political, economic and other risks from operations among, between and within numerous countries including political, economic and social uncertainty and the evolving globalization of our business;

Previous wording

We are a global power leader committed to powering a more prosperous world. Since 1919, we have delivered innovative solutions that move people, goods and economies forward. Our five reportable operating segments - Engine, Components, Distribution, Power Systems and Accelera offer a broad portfolio, including advanced diesel, alternative fuel, electric and hybrid powertrains; integrated power generation systems; critical components such as aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls, transmissions, axles and brakes; and zero emissions technologies like battery and electric powertrain systems and electrolyzers. With a global footprint, deep technical expertise and an extensive service network, we deliver dependable, cutting-edge solutions tailored to our customers' needs, supporting them through the energy transition with our Destination Zero strategy. We sell our products to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), distributors, dealers and other customers worldwide. We have long-standing relationships with many of the leading manufacturers in the markets we serve, including PACCAR Inc., Traton Group, Daimler Trucks AG and Stellantis N.V. We serve our customers through a service network of approximately 650 wholly-owned, joint venture and independent distributor locations and more than 19,000 Cummins certified dealer locations in approximately 190 countries and territories.

Current wording

We are a global power leader committed to powering a more prosperous world. Since 1919, we have delivered innovative solutions that move people, goods and economies forward. Our five reportable segments - Engine, Components, Distribution, Power Systems and Accelera - offer a broad portfolio, including advanced diesel, electric and hybrid powertrains; integrated power generation systems; critical components such as aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls, transmissions, axles and brakes; and zero emissions technologies like battery and electric powertrain systems. With a global footprint, deep technical expertise and an extensive service network, we deliver dependable, cutting-edge solutions tailored to our customers' needs, supporting them through the energy transition with our Destination Zero strategy. We sell our products to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), distributors, dealers and other customers worldwide. We have long-standing relationships with many of the leading manufacturers in the markets we serve, including PACCAR Inc., Traton Group, Daimler Trucks AG and Stellantis N.V. We serve our customers through a service network of approximately 640 wholly-owned, joint venture and independent distributor locations and more than 13,000 Cummins certified dealer locations in approximately 190 countries and territories.

Previous wording

Our segment reporting structure is organized according to the products and markets each segment serves. The Engine segment produces engines (15 liters and smaller) and associated parts for sale to customers in on-highway and various off-highway markets. Our engines are used in trucks of all sizes, buses and recreational vehicles, as well as in various industrial applications, including construction, agriculture, power generation systems and other off-highway applications. The Components segment sells axles, drivelines, brakes and suspension systems for commercial diesel and natural gas applications, aftertreatment systems, turbochargers, fuel systems, valvetrain technologies, automated transmissions and electronics. The Distribution segment includes wholly-owned and partially-owned distributorships engaged in wholesaling engines, generator sets and service parts, as well as performing service and repair activities on our products, maintaining relationships with various OEMs throughout the world and providing selected sales and aftermarket support for our Accelera business. The Power Systems segment is an integrated power provider, which designs, manufactures and sells standby and prime power generators, engines (16 liters and larger) for standby and prime power generator sets and industrial applications (including mining, oil and gas, marine, rail and defense), alternators and other power components. The Accelera segment designs, manufactures, sells and supports electrified power systems with innovative components and subsystems, including battery, fuel cell and electric powertrain technologies as well as hydrogen production technologies. The Accelera segment is currently in the early stages of commercializing these technologies with efforts primarily focused on the development of electrified power systems and related components and subsystems and our electrolyzers for hydrogen production. We continue to serve all our markets as they adopt electrification and alternative power technologies, meeting the needs of our OEM partners and end customers.

Current wording

Our segment reporting structure is organized according to the products and markets each segment serves. The Engine segment produces engines (15 liters and smaller) and associated parts for sale to customers in on-highway and various off-highway markets. Our engines are used in trucks of all sizes, buses and recreational vehicles, as well as in various industrial applications, including construction, agriculture, power generation systems and other off-highway applications. The Components segment sells axles, drivelines, brakes and suspension systems for commercial diesel and natural gas applications, aftertreatment systems, turbochargers, fuel systems, valvetrain technologies, automated transmissions and electronics. The Distribution segment includes wholly-owned and partially-owned distributorships engaged in wholesaling engines, generator sets and service parts, as well as performing service and repair activities on our products, maintaining relationships with various OEMs throughout the world and providing selected sales and aftermarket support for our Accelera business. The Power Systems segment is an integrated power provider, which designs, manufactures and sells standby and prime power generators, engines (16 liters and larger) for standby and prime power generator sets and industrial applications (including mining, oil and gas, marine, rail and defense), alternators and other power components. The Accelera segment designs, manufactures, sells and supports electrified power systems with innovative components and subsystems, including battery and electric powertrain technologies. The Accelera segment is currently in the early stages of commercializing these technologies with efforts primarily focused on the development of electrified power systems and related components and subsystems. We continue to serve all our markets as they adopt electrification, meeting the needs of our OEM partners and end customers.

Previous wording

Our financial performance depends, in large part, on varying conditions in the markets we serve, particularly the on-highway, off-highway, power generation and general industrial markets. Demand in these markets tends to fluctuate in response to overall economic conditions. Our sales may also be impacted by OEM inventory levels, production schedules, stoppages and supply chain challenges. Economic downturns in markets we serve generally result in reduced sales of our products and can result in price reductions in certain products and/or markets. As a worldwide business, our operations are also affected by geopolitical risks, currency fluctuations, political and economic uncertainty, tariffs and related trade disruptions, public health crises (epidemics or pandemics) and regulatory matters, including adoption and enforcement of environmental and emission standards. As part of our growth strategy, we invest in businesses in certain countries that carry higher levels of these risks such as China, Brazil, India, Mexico and other countries in

Current wording

Our financial performance depends, in large part, on varying conditions in the markets we serve, particularly the on-highway, off-highway, power generation and general industrial markets. Demand in these markets tends to fluctuate in response to overall economic conditions. Our sales may also be impacted by OEM inventory levels, production schedules, stoppages and supply chain challenges. Economic downturns in markets we serve generally result in reduced sales of our products and can result in price reductions in certain products and/or markets. As a worldwide business, our operations are also affected by geopolitical risks, currency fluctuations, political and economic uncertainty, tariffs and related trade disruptions, public health crises (epidemics or pandemics) and regulatory matters, including adoption and enforcement of environmental and emission standards. As part of our growth strategy, we invest in businesses in certain countries that carry higher levels of these risks such as China, Brazil, India, Mexico and other countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. At the same time, our geographic diversity and broad product and service offerings have helped limit the impact from a drop in demand in any one industry, region, customer or the economy of any single country on our consolidated results.

Previous wording

As disclosed in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we operate our business on a global basis and changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies affecting and/or restricting international trade, including higher tariffs, trade disruptions (such as embargoes, sanctions and export controls) and broader geopolitical tensions, could adversely impact the demand for our products and our competitive position. The uncertain global trade environment, marked by the U.S. imposition of tariffs on certain countries, followed by the imposition of retaliatory tariffs and other actions against U.S. goods and services by certain countries has introduced significant market volatility and raised concerns about potential economic impacts. Our primary risks include reduced global movement of goods impacting freight activity, increased costs for suppliers and end-users and uncertainty around the availability of supply, all of which could contribute to a decline in business confidence, a reduction in demand for our products and increased product costs. Our tariff-related costs increased during the third quarter. We have and continue to look for ways to mitigate these costs including discussions with our suppliers, sourcing alternatives and agreements with our customers to recover these costs. The financial impact of tariffs, net of mitigation actions, was immaterial to our profitability and operating cash flows in the third quarter of 2025. Continued and increasing tariff costs, the effectiveness of our mitigation efforts and the resulting market volatility could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in the future. We will continue work to minimize the related impacts to our business to the extent possible. See the "OUTLOOK" section for a discussion of the potential tariff impacts for the remainder of 2025.

Current wording

As disclosed in Part I,“Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, we operate our business on a global basis and changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies affecting and/or restricting international trade, including higher tariffs, trade disruptions (such as embargoes, sanctions and export controls) and broader geopolitical tensions, could adversely impact the demand for our products and our competitive position. In 2025, the U.S. imposed tariffs on certain countries and products, which was followed by retaliatory tariffs and other trade actions against U.S. goods and services. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that U.S. tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) on goods imported into the U.S. were unauthorized. After this ruling, new tariffs were subsequently imposed under different statutes. The global trade environment has contributed to ongoing market volatility and heightened concerns about potential economic impacts. Our primary risks include reduced global movement of goods impacting freight activity, increased costs for suppliers and end-users and uncertainty around supply availability. These factors could lead to a decline in business confidence, reduced demand for our products and increased product costs. We continue to pursue mitigation strategies, including engaging with our suppliers, exploring alternative sourcing and negotiating agreements with our customers to recover tariff-related costs. The financial impact of tariffs, net of mitigation actions and U.S. government tariff refunds (net of amounts to be returned to customers), was immaterial to our profitability and operating cash flows during the first quarter of 2026. However, continued and increasing tariff costs, the effectiveness of our mitigation efforts and ongoing market volatility could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in the future. We continue to monitor developments and take actions to minimize the related impacts to our business to the extent possible. See the “OUTLOOK” section for a discussion of the potential tariff impacts for the remainder of 2026.

Previous wording

Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $536 million, or $3.86 per diluted share, on sales of $8.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $809 million, or $5.86 per diluted share, on sales of $8.5 billion. The decreases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were driven by lower demand in on-highway commercial truck markets, the goodwill impairment charge and inventory write-down in our Accelera segment and the unfavorable tax expense for passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (The Act), partially offset by strong growth in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, increased demand in light-duty automotive markets and lower compensation expenses. See NOTE 5, “INCOME TAXES,” and NOTE 14, “GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT AND INVENTORY WRITE-DOWN,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Current wording

Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. was $654 million, or $4.71 per diluted share, on sales of $8.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026, versus the comparable prior year period net income attributable to Cummins Inc. of $824 million, or $5.96 per diluted share, on sales of $8.2 billion. The decreases in net income attributable to Cummins Inc. and earnings per diluted share were driven by the loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations as well as higher compensation costs, partially offset by improved gross margin and favorable foreign currency fluctuations (primarily in the Euro). See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on loss on sale of business and settlement of current and future customer obligations.

Previous wording

Worldwide revenues decreased by 2 percent in the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to the weaker demand in on-highway commercial truck markets, partially offset by higher demand in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, higher sales in light-duty automotive markets and customer tariff recoveries. Net sales in the U.S. and Canada declined 4 percent primarily due to the lower demand in medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets, partially offset by higher sales in power generation markets and light-duty automotive markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 2 percent primarily due to higher sales in China and Europe, partially offset by lower sales in Latin America and Asia Pacific. The increase in international sales was primarily due to higher power generation demand, partially offset by lower demand in commercial on-highway truck markets. Favorable foreign currency fluctuations impacted international sales by 2 percent (primarily the Euro).

Current wording

Worldwide revenues increased by 3 percent in the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, partially offset by weaker demand in on-highway commercial truck markets. International sales (excludes the U.S. and Canada) improved 16 percent primarily due to higher sales in China and Europe. The increase in international sales was primarily due to higher power generation demand and favorable foreign currency fluctuation impacts of 5 percent (primarily the Euro and Chinese renminbi). Net sales in the U.S. and Canada declined 6 percent primarily due to lower demand in medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets, partially offset by higher sales in power generation markets.

Previous wording

The following tables contain sales and EBITDA (defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests) by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. See NOTE 16, "REPORTABLE SEGMENTS," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information and a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Current wording

The following table contains sales and EBITDA (defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests) by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. See NOTE 14, “REPORTABLE SEGMENTS,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information and a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Previous wording

We generated $2.1 billion in cash from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $65 million for the comparable period in 2024. The $2.0 billion increase was mainly due to $1.9 billion of payments in 2024 required by the Settlement Agreements. See the section titled "Cash Flows" in the "LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES" section for a discussion of items impacting cash flows. See NOTE 11, "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Settlement Agreements.

Current wording

We generated $309 million in cash from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to using $3 million for the comparable period in 2025. See the section titled “Cash Flows” in the “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” section for a discussion of items impacting cash flows.

Previous wording

Our debt to capital ratio (total capital defined as debt plus equity) at September 30, 2025, was 36.8 percent, compared to 38.4 percent at December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to increased equity balances from strong earnings since December 31, 2024, partially offset by higher debt balances at September 30, 2025. At September 30, 2025, we had $3.2 billion in cash and marketable securities on hand and access to our $4.0 billion credit facilities (net of $353 million of commercial paper outstanding), if necessary, to meet working capital, investment, acquisition and funding needs.

Current wording

Our debt to capital ratio (total capital defined as debt plus equity) at March 31, 2026, was 36.5 percent, compared to 36.0 percent at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to a higher debt balance since December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2026, we had $3.2 billion in cash and marketable securities on hand and access to our $4.0 billion credit facilities (net of $349 million of commercial paper outstanding), if necessary, to meet working capital, investment, acquisition and funding needs.

Previous wording

As of the date of this filing, our credit ratings and outlooks from the credit rating agencies remain unchanged.

Current wording

As of the date of this filing, our credit ratings and outlooks from the credit rating agencies remain unchanged. See the section titled “Credit Ratings” in the “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” section for our current ratings.

Previous wording

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025, decreased by $139 million versus the comparable period in 2024. The primary drivers were as follows:

Current wording

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased by $224 million versus the comparable period in 2025. The primary drivers were as follows:

Previous wording

•Power Systems segment sales increased 19 percent primarily due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in North America and China.

Current wording

•Power Systems segment sales increased 19 percent primarily due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in China and North America.

Previous wording

•Distribution segment sales increased 7 percent principally due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in North America.

Current wording

•Distribution segment sales increased 7 percent principally due to higher demand in power generation markets, especially in Asia Pacific and North America.

Previous wording

Distribution segment sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased $220 million and $804 million, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2024. These increases were primarily due to an increase in North American sales mainly driven by higher demand in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets.

Previous wording

•Engine segment sales decreased 11 percent largely due to lower demand in North American medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets.

Current wording

•Engine segment sales decreased 4 percent largely due to lower demand in North American medium-duty and heavy-duty truck markets.

Previous wording

Gross margin decreased $42 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and decreased 0.1 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The decreases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to lower demand in on-highway commercial truck markets, partially offset by higher demand in power generation markets, especially data center and commercial markets, higher demand in light-duty automotive markets, as well as favorable non-tariff related pricing mainly due to the launch of updated engine products in light-duty automotive markets. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries was immaterial for the three month period ended September 30, 2025.

Current wording

Gross margin increased $88 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and increased 0.3 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2025. The increases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to favorable pricing, improved mix and favorable foreign currency impacts (primarily in the Euro and Brazilian real), partially offset by increased compensation expenses. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries was immaterial for the three month period ended March 31, 2026.

Previous wording

The provision for base warranties issued as a percentage of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was 1.8 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively, compared to 1.9 percent and 1.9 percent for the comparable periods in 2024.

Current wording

The provision for base warranties issued as a percentage of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was 1.9 percent compared to 1.9 percent for the comparable period in 2025.

Previous wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and remained flat as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The decrease was mainly due to lower compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $74 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and increased 0.7 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2025. The increases were mainly due to higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.

Previous wording

Research, development and engineering expenses decreased $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and decreased 0.1 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2024. The decreases were mainly due to lower spending on prototypes and lower compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.

Current wording

Research, development and engineering expenses increased $14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and increased 0.1 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2025. The increases were mainly due to higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.

Previous wording

Research activities continue to focus on development of new products and improvements of current technologies to meet future emission standards around the world, improvements in fuel economy performance of diesel and natural gas-powered engines and related components, as well as development activities around electrified power systems with innovative components and systems including battery and electric power technologies and hydrogen production technologies.

Current wording

Research activities continue to focus on development of new products and improvements of current technologies to meet future emission standards around the world, improvements in fuel economy performance of diesel and natural gas-powered engines and related components, as well as development activities around electrified power systems with innovative components and systems including battery and electric power technologies.

Previous wording

Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, versus the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to increased earnings at Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. and lower start-up costs from Amplify Cell Technologies LLC, partially offset by lower royalty and interest income from investees and lower earnings from Sistemas Automotrices de Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Current wording

Equity, royalty and interest income from investees increased $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to increased earnings at Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Cummins Engine Co., Ltd., Guangxi Cummins Industrial Power Co., Ltd. and Xian Cummins Engine Company Limited, partially offset by lower royalty and interest income from investees.

Previous wording

Our effective tax rate for 2025 is expected to approximate 26.5 percent, excluding any discrete items that may arise, which is a 2 percent increase over our prior estimates. This increase is attributable to the impacts of The Act and the non-deductible goodwill impairment and inventory write-down. See NOTE 14, “GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT AND INVENTORY WRITE-DOWN,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.

Current wording

Our effective tax rate for 2026 is expected to approximate 23.0 percent, excluding any discrete items that may arise.

Previous wording

The three months ended September 30, 2024, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $36 million, primarily due to $20 million of favorable adjustments from tax return amendments, $15 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $2 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $1 million of other unfavorable adjustments.

Current wording

The three months ended March 31, 2025, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $7 million, primarily due to $8 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $1 million of other unfavorable adjustments.

Previous wording

The foreign currency translation adjustment was a net loss of $67 million and a net gain of $247 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to a net gain of $165 million and $22 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, driven by the following:

Current wording

The foreign currency translation adjustment was a net loss of $109 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a net gain of $117 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, driven by the following:

Previous wording

Tariff related costs and recoveries were evaluated independently of all other drivers included in the disclosures below and all references to "price" and "material cost" variances exclude these separately evaluated tariff costs and recoveries. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries were immaterial to each reportable segment's EBITDA.

Current wording

Tariff related costs and recoveries were evaluated independently of all other drivers included in the disclosures below and all references to “price” and “material cost” variances exclude these separately evaluated tariff costs and recoveries. The net impact of tariff costs and related recoveries were immaterial to each reportable segment's EBITDA, unless specifically noted.

Previous wording

•Heavy-duty truck sales decreased $249 million mainly due to weaker demand, especially in North America with shipments down 36 percent.

Current wording

•Heavy-duty truck sales decreased $122 million mainly due to weaker demand, especially in North America with shipments down 16 percent.

Previous wording

•Medium-duty truck and bus sales decreased $289 million primarily due to lower truck demand, especially in North America with shipments down 50 percent.

Current wording

•Medium-duty truck and bus sales decreased $115 million primarily due to lower truck demand, especially in North America with shipments down 25 percent.

Previous wording

•Off-highway sales increased $42 million principally due to higher international construction demand, especially in China.

Current wording

These decreases were partially offset by an increase in off-highway sales of $111 million principally due to higher international construction demand, especially in China.

Previous wording

•Drivetrain and braking systems sales decreased $214 million primarily due to lower demand in North America and lower sales in India due to changes in the business model.

Current wording

•Drivetrain and braking systems sales decreased $137 million mainly due to lower demand in North America and lower sales in India due to changes in our business model.

Previous wording

Components segment EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased $159 million versus the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to lower volumes, partially offset by favorable product coverage costs, decreased compensation expenses and lower material costs.

Current wording

Components segment EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2026, decreased $45 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to lower volumes and higher material costs, partially offset by favorable pricing.

Previous wording

Distribution segment EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025, increased $122 million versus the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to improved mix, favorable pricing, decreased compensation expenses, lower material costs, favorable foreign currency fluctuations (primarily in the Canadian dollar and the Euro) and increased volumes (primarily power generation markets in North America).

Current wording

Distribution segment EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $68 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due to favorable mix and increased volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses.

Previous wording

Power Systems segment sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025, increased $309 million versus the comparable period in 2024. The increase was primarily due toincreased power generation sales of $225 million mainly due to higher demand in North America, India and China.

Current wording

Power Systems segment sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $307 million versus the comparable period in 2025, primarily due toincreased power generation sales of $282 million resulting from higher demand in China and North America.

Previous wording

Power Systems segment EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased $410 million versus the comparable period in 2024, mainly due to higher volumes and favorable pricing.

Current wording

Power Systems segment EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $188 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to higher volumes, improved operational leverage, lower net tariff costs and favorable pricing.

Previous wording

Accelera segment sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased $15 million versus the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to improved sales of electrified powertrains, partially offset by lower sales for electrolyzers.

Current wording

Accelera segment sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, decreased $2 million versus the comparable period in 2025, mainly due to lower sales for electrified powertrains, partially offset by increased sales for electrolyzers.

Previous wording

The uncertain global trade environment, characterized by tariffs, export controls and broader geopolitical tensions, has created significant market volatility while introducing uncertainty around future demand for capital goods as well as potential impacts to our supply chain and our related product costs. Given the breadth, severity and uncertain duration of these global trade measures, our outlook presented below could be negatively impacted by policy-driven volatility. We are proactively taking steps in our supply chain to mitigate impacts where possible and we are working with our customers to pass through incremental costs.

Current wording

The global trade environment, characterized by tariffs, export controls and broader geopolitical tensions, has created significant market volatility while introducing uncertainty around future demand for capital goods as well as potential impacts to our supply chain and our related product costs. Given the breadth, severity and uncertain duration of these global trade measures, our outlook presented below could be negatively impacted by policy-driven volatility. We are proactively taking steps in our supply chain to mitigate impacts where possible and we are working with our customers to pass through incremental costs.

Previous wording

•We expect demand within our Power Systems business to remain strong, including the power generation and industrial markets.

Current wording

•We expect demand within markets served by our Power Systems business to remain strong, including the power generation and industrial markets.

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Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Europe, the Middle East and Africa. At the same time, our geographic diversity and broad product and service offerings have helped limit the impact from a drop in demand in any one industry, region, the economy of any single country or customer on our consolidated results.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

In the first nine months of 2025, the investment gain on our U.S. pension trusts was 7.9 percent, while our U.K. pension trusts' loss was 1.8 percent. We anticipate making additional defined benefit pension contributions during the remainder of 2025 of $10 million for our U.S. and U.K. qualified and non-qualified pension plans. We expect our 2025 annual net periodic pension cost to approximate $79 million.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

These decreases were partially offset by the following:

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

These decreases were partially offset by the following:

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

•Medium-duty truck and bus sales decreased $422 million primarily due to lower truck demand, especially in North America with shipments down 30 percent.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

•Off-highway sales increased $104 million primarily due to higher international construction demand, especially in China.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

•Drivetrain and braking systems sales decreased $551 million primarily due to lower demand in North America and lower sales in India due to changes in the business model.