CITIZENS, INC.
For the period ended Sep 30, 2025. Filed Nov 6, 2025.
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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Sep 30, 2025 · Filed Nov 6, 2025
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-06-30; filed 2025-08-07.
0000024090-25-000117
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsSegment OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-09-30; filed 2025-11-06.
0000024090-25-000124
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsSegment OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 185 previous paragraphs and 191 current paragraphs.
107 unchanged; 61 reworded; 16 added; 12 removed; 5 previous and 7 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 43 previous and 44 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (16)
Current report
•$1.7 million increase in net investment income; and
Current report
•$1.0 million increase in other income related to issuance of supplemental contracts;
Current report
•$2.1 million decline in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the BlackRock write-down.
Current report
•$1.7 million increase in other income.
Current report
•Investments and the income that they generate
Current report
Investment Income. Our net investment income increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same prior year periods. In the three-month period, we received a one-time dividend of $1.7 million from one of our limited partnership investments due to the sale of one of its assets. Additionally, we have begun investing in investment grade private placement fixed income securities and structured notes where we expect higher returns; this investment strategy led to slightly higher net investment income in the three and nine month periods.
Current report
•surrenders were relatively flat, and
Current report
Federal Income Tax. Tax expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 resulting in effective tax rates of 46.0% and 24.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 8.1% and (0.2)% for the same periods in 2024. The increase in the current quarter primarily reflects higher taxable U.S. income and discrete tax adjustments recorded during the period. Excluding the discrete tax adjustments for the period, the effective tax rate for the period would be 24.6%. In the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized a $0.8 million return-to-provision true-up related to 2024 Subpart F income adjustments from partnership investments, which increased tax expense for the quarter.
Current report
The Company's tax rate was impacted by differences between our effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate resulting from income and expense items that are treated differently for financial reporting and tax purposes. In addition, CICA International is considered a controlled foreign corporation for federal tax purposes and CICA International's activity gives rise to taxable income in the U.S. as Subpart F Income, which is treated as a
Current report
permanent tax difference and therefore included in the Company's effective tax rate calculation. See Part I, Item 1, Note 11. Income Taxes in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.
Current report
Net Investment Income. Our net investment income increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same prior year periods. In the three-month period, we received a one-time dividend of $1.7
Current report
million from one of our limited partnership investments due to the sale of one of its assets. Additionally, we have begun investing in investment grade private placement fixed income securities and structured notes; this investment strategy led to slightly higher net investment income in the three and nine month periods.
Current report
Income before federal income tax in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased to $3.0 million and $4.7 million from a loss before federal income tax of $0.1 million and income of $2.0 million in the same prior year periods. The factors that drove these increases were mainly investment related gains as well as lower claims and surrenders. These drivers coupled with a favorable policyholder liability remeasurement stemming primarily from revised mortality and accrual assumptions.
Current report
is mainly due to higher general expenses. These expenses rose as a result of additional participants in our equity incentive compensation program and a higher share price, which led to greater costs recognized as these awards vest. Conversely, the reduction in loss before federal income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, versus the same period in 2024, is primarily the result of lower general expenses. The decrease is mostly due to a significant $3.5 million legal fee incurred during the second quarter of 2024, which did not recur in 2025, though this was somewhat counterbalanced by increased expenses related to the equity incentive compensation program, as previously described.
Removed paragraphs (12)
Previous report
June 30, 2025 | 10-Q 37
Previous report
•$2.7 million increase in investment related gains and losses; and
Previous report
•$3.2 million decrease in general expenses due to a $3.5 million legal fee expense incurred in the second quarter of 2024;
Previous report
•$0.7 million increase in expenses related to restricted stock unit grants.
Previous report
•$1.2 million decrease in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the BlackRock write-down;
Previous report
•$1.8 million decline in other general expenses.
Previous report
June 30, 2025 | 10-Q 38
Previous report
Investment Income. Our net investment income decreased slightly for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same prior year periods, due primarily to lower investment income from our limited partnership investments.
Previous report
•surrenders decreased slightly, and
Previous report
Income before federal income tax in the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased to $1.6 million from $1.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The factors that drove this increase were lower insurance benefits paid and provided and commissions, partially offset by investment related losses.
Previous report
Income before federal income tax in the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased to $1.7 million from $2.0 million in the same period in 2024. The factors that drove this decrease were investment related losses partially offset by lower insurance benefits paid and provided.
Reworded paragraphs (61)
Previous wording
We refer to our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as our “MD&A”. The objective of our MD&A is to provide investors with information in order to assess the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 and the material changes in our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition.
Current wording
We refer to our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as our “MD&A”. The objective of our MD&A is to provide investors with information in order to assess the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025 and the material changes in our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition.
Previous wording
Q2: Net income before federal income tax in the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased to $6.9 million from $3.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The factors that drove this increase were:
Current wording
Q3: Net income before federal income tax in the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased to $4.5 million from $3.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to a $1.1 million increase in total revenues and a $0.4 million decrease in total benefits and expenses. The primary factors that drove these changes were:
Previous wording
YTD: Net income before federal income tax in the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased to $5.1 million from $8.2 million in the same period in 2024. The factors that drove this decrease were:
Current wording
YTD: Net income before federal income tax in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased to $9.6 million from $11.3 million in the same period in 2024. The factors that drove this decrease were:
Previous wording
•$4.8 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in our international business;
Current wording
•$3.8 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in our international business;
Previous wording
•$2.0 million increase in total premium revenue; and
Current wording
•$2.4 million increase in total premium revenue; and
Previous wording
•Total direct insurance in force of $5.35 billion
Current wording
•Total direct insurance in force of $5.4 billion
Previous wording
•Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised 88% of total investments
Current wording
•Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised 89% of total investments
Previous wording
•Book value per share of Class A common stock of $4.56
Current wording
•Book value per share of Class A common stock of $4.49
Previous wording
•Adjusted book value per share of Class A common stock of $6.221
Current wording
•Adjusted book value per share of Class A common stock of $6.261
Previous wording
•Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock for the six months ended of $0.10
Current wording
•Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock for the nine months ended of $0.14
Previous wording
Throughout the MD&A, we refer to "direct" premiums as all premiums received and "net" or "total" premiums as all premiums received less premiums ceded to RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA") and our other reinsurers. Direct premium revenue increased 6% in the three months ended June 30, 2025, to $46.4 million from $43.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024 and increased 7% in the six months ended June 30, 2025, to $88.8 million from $83.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was driven by sales of CICA Domestic products.
Current wording
Throughout the MD&A, we refer to "direct" premiums as all premiums received and "net" or "total" premiums as all premiums received less premiums ceded to RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA") and our other reinsurers. Direct premium revenue increased 4% in the three months ended September 30, 2025, to $46.6 million from $44.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and increased 6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, to $135.3 million from $127.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was driven by sales of CICA Domestic products.
Previous wording
First Year Premiums. Direct first year premiums increased 20% in the three months ended June 30, 2025, to $9.4 million from $7.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024 and increased 32%, to $18.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $13.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, including 42% growth in our Life Insurance segment, driven by sales of our newer products and an increased number of producing agents. First year premium growth was primarily in our new CICA Domestic final expense business.
Current wording
First Year Premiums. Direct first year premiums increased 8% in the three months ended September 30, 2025, to $9.5 million from $8.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and increased 23%, to $27.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $22.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, including 29% growth in our Life Insurance segment, driven by sales of our newer products and an increased number of producing agents. First year premium growth was primarily in our new CICA Domestic final expense business.
Previous wording
Renewal Premiums. Our direct renewal premium revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 increased primarily due to strong sales in 2024 leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in the current periods.
Current wording
Renewal Premiums. Our direct renewal premium revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased primarily due to strong sales in 2024 leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in the current periods.
Previous wording
Claims and Surrenders. Payment of policyholder benefits for claims and surrenders is our largest expense and thus key to our profitability. The three largest components of this expense are reflected in the graphs below. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior year periods,
Current wording
Claims and Surrenders. Payment of policyholder benefits for claims and surrenders is our largest expense and thus key to our profitability. The three largest components of this expense are reflected in the graphs below. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year periods,
Previous wording
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses are our second largest expense and thus also drive our operating results. Operating expenses are meaningful to gain an understanding of how we manage our business, including among other things, salaries, benefits and spending on growth initiatives. Our operating expenses decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the prior year periods. Despite continued investment in the growth of our business and higher costs associated with our equity compensation program as a result of increased stock price and additional participants, this expense was lower due to the accrual of $3.5 million in legal fees in the prior year. These were fees awarded to certain defendants in the trade secret lawsuit. We have not paid any of these fees and have appealed the judgment against us. Additionally, we receive expense allowances in CICA Domestic from RGA under our coinsurance agreement that was not in effect during the first part of 2024.
Current wording
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses are our second largest expense and thus also drive our operating results. Operating expenses are meaningful to gain an understanding of how we manage our business, including among other things, salaries, benefits and spending on growth initiatives. Our operating expenses increased in the three months ended September 30, 2025, but decreased in the nine month period as compared to the prior year periods. Despite continued investment in the growth of our business and higher costs associated with our equity compensation program as a result of increased stock price and additional participants, this expense was lower in the nine month period due to the accrual of $3.5 million in legal fees in the prior year. These were fees awarded to certain defendants in the trade secret lawsuit. We have not paid any of these fees and have appealed the judgment against us. Additionally, we receive expense allowances in CICA Domestic from RGA under our coinsurance agreement that was not in effect during the first part of 2024.
Previous wording
We expect to see a rebalancing in our mix of business arising due to the anticipated volume of maturities in our international endowment business, as well as continued domestic growth in the Life Insurance segment, which has
Current wording
We expect to see a rebalancing in our mix of business arising due to the anticipated volume of maturities in our international endowment business, as well as continued domestic growth in the Life Insurance segment, which has been discussed previously. Our current profitability is affected by how closely actual experience matches our actuarial assumptions for these shifts, and by the amount of reserves we must hold.
Previous wording
Actuarial assumptions are continually monitored and updated at least annually to reflect overall experience as well as emerging trends.
Current wording
Actuarial assumptions are continually monitored and updated at least annually to reflect overall experience as well as emerging trends. Additionally, the best estimate assumptions are updated every year in our third quarter and are reflected on our income statement as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain or loss. In the third quarter of 2025, this review results in favorable changes to mortality, lapse, and accrual assumptions in our Home Service segment and in CICA Domestic, consistent with emerging trends in Company experience. Conversely, this review resulted in additional reserves in our international business from better than expected retention of our endowment products. Excluding the impact of assumption changes, the Company's results for actual variances from expected experience for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1.5 million net remeasurement loss and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was a $2.6 million net measurement loss.
Previous wording
In the first six months of 2025, we issued $517.3 million in new insurance as we continued to grow our inforce business with our newer products tailored to our specific markets.
Current wording
In the first nine months of 2025, we issued $777.6 million in new insurance as we continued to grow our inforce business with our newer products tailored to our specific markets.
Previous wording
In our Life Insurance segment, implementation of new initiatives in CICA Domestic, including use of information to enhance underwriting decisions with additional medical and lab data from third parties, resulted in higher sales of products with lower policy face amounts in the first six months of 2025 as compared to the prior year, which led to a lower amount of insurance issued. CICA International benefited from increased sales of our whole life product, which accounted for 67% of total insurance issued in CICA International for the six months ended June 30, 2025. This product tends to have higher policy face amounts than our older endowment products, leading to an increase in insurance issued internationally.
Current wording
In our Life Insurance segment, implementation of new initiatives in CICA Domestic, including use of information to enhance underwriting decisions with additional medical and lab data from third parties, resulted in sales of products with lower policy face amounts, which led to a lower amount of insurance issued despite a higher number of policies issued. CICA International benefited from increased sales of our whole life product, which accounted for 66% of total insurance issued in CICA International for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This product tends to have higher policy face amounts than our older endowment products, leading to an increase in insurance issued internationally.
Previous wording
Insurance issued in our Home Service Insurance segment decreased slightly for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior year period. We continue our strategic actions intended to improve sales quality and persistency. These improvements did result in higher insurance issued in the second quarter of 2025 when compared to the second quarter of 2024. We also believe growth is being impacted by inflation on the cost of living, which has affected new sales since the customer demographic is primarily lower-income individuals.
Current wording
Insurance issued in our Home Service Insurance segment increased 2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year period. We continue our strategic actions intended to improve sales quality and persistency, which resulted in higher insurance issued. We believe growth in this segment is being impacted by inflation on the cost of living, which has affected new sales since the customer demographic is primarily lower-income individuals.
Previous wording
Our first year direct premiums increased 20% and 32% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, due to sales of our newer products in our Life Insurance segment and expanded domestic distribution. Renewal premiums increased from strong first year sales in 2024 in our Life Insurance segment leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in the first half of 2025, which more than offset the impacts from the high level of surrenders during the last few years and increasing matured endowment benefits paid in the international portion of our Life Insurance segment.
Current wording
Our first year direct premiums increased 8% and 23% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, due to sales of our newer products in our Life Insurance segment and expanded domestic distribution. Renewal premiums increased from strong first year sales in 2024 in our Life Insurance segment leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in 2025, which more than offset the impact from the high level of surrenders during the last few years and increasing matured endowment benefits paid in the international portion of our Life Insurance segment.
Previous wording
Reinsurance premiums ceded increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to a coinsurance agreement we entered into with RGA in the second quarter of 2024.
Current wording
Reinsurance premiums ceded increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to the coinsurance agreement we entered into with RGA in the second quarter of 2024.
Previous wording
Fixed maturity securities constitute the vast majority, or 88% of our investment portfolio based on fair value and thus provide the majority of our net investment income. Our net fixed maturity investment portfolio, primarily invested in callable securities, has faced challenges as many securities were called between 2019 and 2021, necessitating reinvestment in low interest rate fixed maturity assets, which impact net investment income and yields. In order to enhance yields, we are investing in new opportunities, including investment grade private placement fixed income securities and other asset classes, while maintaining a prudent risk profile.
Current wording
Fixed maturity securities constitute the vast majority, or 89% of our investment portfolio based on fair value and thus provide the majority of our net investment income. Our net fixed maturity investment portfolio, primarily invested in callable securities, has faced challenges as many securities were called between 2019 and 2021, necessitating reinvestment in low interest rate fixed maturity assets, which impact net investment income and yields. In order to enhance yields, we are investing in new opportunities, including investment grade private placement fixed income securities and structured notes, while maintaining a prudent risk profile. Gross investment income from long-term investments increased as we received a $1.7 million dividend from one limited partnership investment due to a sale of one of its assets.
Previous wording
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related gains of $2.4 million and losses of $0.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to investment related losses of $0.3 million and gains of $0.7 million during the same prior year periods. The losses are primarily related to the non-cash write-down of our BlackRock ESG investment that occurred in first quarter 2025. We did not sell this investment; however, the changes in fair values of our equity securities are reflected as investment related gains or losses in our income statement, in addition to executed transactions that result in a gain or loss.
Current wording
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related losses of $1.3 million and $1.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to investment related gains of $0.8 million and $1.5 million during the same prior year periods. The losses are primarily related to the non-cash write-down of our BlackRock ESG investment during 2025. We did not sell this investment; however, the changes in fair values of our equity securities are reflected as investment related gains or losses in our income statement, in addition to executed transactions that result in a gain or loss.
Previous wording
Death claim benefits decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to both lower volume and our coinsurance agreement with RGA, which alleviates some of our liability to pay death claims. We did not have this agreement during the first quarter of 2024.
Current wording
Death claim benefits decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to both lower volume and our coinsurance agreement with RGA, which alleviates some of our liability to pay death claims. We did not have this agreement during the first quarter of 2024.
Previous wording
Many of our endowment policies are reaching their contractual maturity dates and thus matured endowment benefits increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior year periods. We anticipated these increases in 2025 based upon the scheduled maturity of the contracts. We expect continued year-over-year increases in matured endowment benefits throughout 2025, then expect the matured endowment benefits to remain at elevated, but slightly lower levels over the next few years, as more of these contracts expire.
Current wording
Many of our endowment policies are reaching their contractual maturity dates and thus matured endowment benefits increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year periods. We anticipated these increases in 2025 based upon the scheduled maturity of the contracts. We expect continued year-over-year increases in matured endowment benefits throughout the remainder of 2025, then expect the
Previous wording
Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Future policy benefit reserves reflect the liability established to provide for the payment of policy benefits that we expect to pay in the future and thus generally increase when we have a larger in force block of business due to higher sales and better persistency (i.e., more policies on which we expect to pay future benefits) and decrease when we have lower sales and persistency. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the change in future policy benefit reserves decreased as compared to the prior year periods despite the increase in our inforce business, due to the amount of reserves released in connection with matured endowments.
Current wording
Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Future policy benefit reserves reflect the liability established to provide for the payment of policy benefits that we expect to pay in the future and thus generally increase when we have a larger in force block of business due to higher sales and better persistency (i.e., more policies on which we expect to pay future benefits) and decrease when we have lower sales and persistency. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the change in future policy benefit reserves decreased significantly as compared to the prior year periods despite the increase in our inforce business, due to the amount of reserves released in connection with matured endowments.
Previous wording
Policyholder Liability Remeasurement (Gain) Loss. Most of our products are long-duration contracts that provide a specified, fixed amount of insurance benefit in exchange for a fixed premium. When a policy is initially issued, we establish a "net premium ratio" ("NPR") using assumptions regarding expected premiums and policyholder benefit liabilities. On a quarterly basis, we review actual versus expected experience in such quarter, which is reported as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain (if better performance than assumptions) or loss (if lower performance than assumptions).
Current wording
Policyholder Liability Remeasurement (Gain) Loss. Most of our products are long-duration contracts that provide a specified, fixed amount of insurance benefit in exchange for a fixed premium. When a policy is initially issued, we establish a "net premium ratio" ("NPR") using assumptions regarding expected premiums and policyholder benefit liabilities. On a quarterly basis, we review actual versus expected experience in such quarter, which is reported as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain (if better performance than assumptions) or loss (if lower performance than assumptions). Additionally, the best estimate assumptions are updated every year in our third quarter and are reflected on our income statement as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain or loss.
Previous wording
Commissions. Commission expenses are a cost of acquiring business, as commissions are the primary compensation paid to our independent consultants and independent agents for selling our products. First year commission rates are higher than renewal commission rates and thus commissions fluctuate directly in relation to first year sales. Although first year sales increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, commissions decreased in the second quarter of 2025 and were flat in the six month ended June 30, 2025 due to our coinsurance agreement with RGA where they share in commission expenses.
Current wording
Commissions. Commission expenses are a cost of acquiring business, as commissions are the primary compensation paid to our independent consultants and independent agents for selling our products. First year commission rates are higher than renewal commission rates and thus commissions fluctuate directly in relation to first year sales. Although first year sales increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, commissions decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 due to our coinsurance agreement with RGA where they share in commission expenses.
Previous wording
Other General Expenses. Total general expenses decreased $3.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively, in 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Although we continue to incur costs related to our strategic growth initiatives and costs incurred associated with our equity compensation program due to higher stock price and additional participants, we incurred a $3.5 million legal fee in the prior year periods due to the trade secret lawsuit. We continue to work on managing controllable operating expenses while investing in growth initiatives.
Current wording
Other General Expenses. Total general expenses increased $1.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and decreased $0.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Although we continue to incur costs related to our strategic growth initiatives and costs incurred associated with our equity compensation program due to higher stock price and additional participants, we incurred a $3.5 million legal fee in the second quarter of 2024 due to the trade secret lawsuit. We continue to work on managing controllable operating expenses while investing in growth initiatives.
Previous wording
Capitalization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC"). We capitalize costs related to successful sales of our insurance products, which include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses. These costs vary based upon amounts of premiums received related to new and renewal business. Capitalized DAC decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, which is in line with the increases in new sales activity. Significantly lower amounts are capitalized related to renewal business in correlation with the lower commissions paid on that business compared to first year business, which has higher commission rates.
Current wording
Capitalization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC"). We capitalize costs related to successful sales of our insurance products, which include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses. These costs vary based upon amounts of premiums received and ceded related to new and renewal business.
Previous wording
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Amortization of DAC increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. DAC is amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization.
Current wording
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Amortization of DAC increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. DAC is amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization.
Previous wording
In the three months ended June 30, 2025, the $0.7 million increase in income before federal income tax was driven by higher first year and renewal premiums and an increase in investment related gains (losses) partially offset by higher claims and surrenders due to the matured endowments in CICA International. Commissions were lower despite higher first year sales due to our CICA Domestic coinsurance agreement with RGA.
Current wording
In the three months ended September 30, 2025, income before federal income tax in the Life Insurance segment decreased by $0.9 million despite higher first year and renewal direct premiums, higher other income due to supplemental contracts and higher net investment income. This decrease was driven by a $3.0 million decrease in investment related gains and losses and a $1.4 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in CICA International. Commissions were lower despite higher first year sales due to our CICA Domestic coinsurance agreement with RGA.
Previous wording
In the six months ended June 30, 2025, income before federal income tax decreased despite a $2.3 million increase in premiums driven by a $0.9 million decrease in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the BlackRock write-down; and a $5.0 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in CICA International.
Current wording
In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, income before federal income tax decreased despite a $2.9 million increase in premiums, higher other income and higher net investment income. The decrease was driven by a $3.9 million decrease in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the BlackRock write-down; and a $6.4 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in CICA International.
Previous wording
Premiums. Direct premiums increased by $2.6 million and $6.1 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase was driven by sales of our newer products and an increased number of producing agents, primarily in CICA Domestic. Ceded reinsurance premiums increased due to the CICA Domestic coinsurance agreement with RGA entered into in the second quarter of 2024.
Current wording
Premiums. Direct premiums increased by $2.0 million and $8.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase was driven by sales of our newer products, including our newly launched single premium product designed specifically for the international market, which aims to attract business that is reaching maturity, and an increased number of producing agents selling our final expense products in CICA Domestic. Ceded reinsurance premiums increased due to the CICA Domestic coinsurance agreement with RGA entered into in the second quarter of 2024.
Previous wording
While CICA Domestic drove the significant increase in first year premiums, life insurance premiums are generated largely from our international policyholders living in almost 80 different countries across the globe. The following table sets forth our premiums by location for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Current wording
While CICA Domestic drove the significant increase in first year premiums, life insurance premiums are generated largely from our international policyholders living in almost 80 different countries across the globe. The following table sets forth our premiums by location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Previous wording
Sales in Taiwan have been declining recently due to succession related difficulties within our primary distribution agency in Taiwan, regulatory challenges and geopolitical shift. We are also starting to face some headwinds in Venezuela that may affect premiums revenues, due to the strength of the US dollar compared to the local currency and their difficulties to obtain dollars.
Current wording
Sales in Taiwan have been declining recently due to succession related difficulties within our primary distribution agency in Taiwan, regulatory challenges and geopolitical shift. We are facing some headwinds in Venezuela that may affect premiums revenues, due to the strength of the US dollar compared to the local currency and their difficulties to obtain dollars.
Previous wording
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related gains of $2.6 million and losses of $0.1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to investment related losses of $0.3 million and gains of $0.8 million during the same prior year periods. These fluctuations in investment-related gains and losses were primarily influenced by changes in the estimated fair market value of our limited partnership investments. Notably, the loss for the six months ending June 30, 2025, was largely attributed to a write-down in the estimated fair market value of our ESG BlackRock investment. This decline was significant enough to outweigh the gains from other investments.
Current wording
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related losses of $2.1 million and $2.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to investment related gains of $0.9 million and $1.7 million during the same prior year periods. These fluctuations in investment-related gains and losses were primarily influenced by changes in the estimated fair market value of our limited partnership investments. Notably, the loss for the both three and nine months ending September 30, 2025, was largely attributed to a write-down in the estimated fair market value of our ESG BlackRock investment. This decline was significant enough to outweigh the gains from other investments.
Previous wording
Other Income. Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to international policyholders in our Life Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies. Supplemental contracts offer our policyholders the opportunity to leave their cash with us and be paid interest at a guaranteed rate or receive an annuity, at their option.
Current wording
Other Income. Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to international policyholders upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies. Supplemental contracts offer our policyholders the opportunity to leave their cash with us and be paid interest at a guaranteed rate or receive an annuity, at their option.
Previous wording
Claims and Surrenders. The following table sets forth our primary claims and surrender benefits paid within our Life Insurance segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
Current wording
Claims and Surrenders. The following table sets forth our primary claims and surrender benefits paid within our Life Insurance segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
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Rearranged current paragraphs (7)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•$3.3 million decrease in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the BlackRock write-down; and
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Other Income. Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to international policyholders in our Life Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies. Supplemental contracts offer our
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
policyholders the opportunity to leave their cash with us and be paid interest at a guaranteed rate or receive an annuity, at their option.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
matured endowment benefits to remain at elevated, but slightly lower levels over the next few years, as more of these contracts expire.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The Company's municipal fixed maturity security portfolio is spread across many states, however, municipal fixed maturity securities from Texas and California comprise the most significant concentration of the total municipal fixed
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The regulations also require approval of our service agreements with the applicable regulatory authority in order to prevent insurance subsidiaries from moving large amounts of cash to the less regulated holding company.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
2024, introduced a new product designed to allow policyholders with maturing endowments to purchase a new life insurance policy.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (5)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
•$0.8 million increase in total premium revenue;
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
•$2.3 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to increased matured endowments in our international business; and
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
been discussed previously. Our current profitability is affected by how closely actual experience matches our actuarial assumptions for these shifts, and by the amount of reserves we must hold.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
expenses, invest in our business or make strategic acquisitions. Cash provided by operating activities was $4.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
We believe that we have adequate capital resources and ability to obtain additional capital, if needed, to support the short-term and longer-term liquidity requirements of our insurance operations. See Contractual Obligations and Off-