AMERICAN EXPRESS CO

We compete in the global payments industry with networks, issuers, acquirers and other payment service providers and methods of payment, including paper-based transactions (e.g., cash and checks) and electronic transfers (e.g., wire transfers and Automated Clearing House (ACH)), as well as evolving and growing alternative mechanisms, systems and products that leverage new technologies, business models and customer relationships to create payment, financing or banking solutions. The payments industry continues to undergo dynamic changes in response to evolving technologies, consumer habits and merchant needs.

As a card issuer, we compete with financial institutions that issue general-purpose credit and debit cards, as well as businesses that issue private label cards, operate mobile wallets, provide payment services or extend credit. We face intense competition in the premium space and for cobrand relationships, as both card issuer and network competitors have targeted high-spending customers and key business partners with attractive value propositions. We also face competition for partners and other differentiated offerings, such as lounge space in U.S. and global hub airports, dining and event reservation and operational capabilities and other experiential offerings to customers. Our banking products also face strong competition, such as with respect to the rates offered on deposits.

Our global card network competes in the global payments industry with other card networks, including, among others, Visa, China UnionPay, Mastercard, JCB, Discover and Diners Club International (which is owned by Discover). We are the fourth largest general-purpose card network globally based on purchase volume, behind Visa, China UnionPay and Mastercard. In addition to such networks, we compete against a range of companies globally, including merchant acquirers, processors and web- and mobile-based payment platforms (e.g., Alipay, PayPal and Shop Pay), as well as regional payment networks (such as the National Payments Corporation of India).

The principal competitive factors that affect card-issuing, merchant and network businesses include:

•The features, value and quality of the products and services, including customer care, rewards programs and offers, partnerships, travel and lifestyle-related benefits (including lounges, dining and other entertainment), banking services and digital and mobile services, as well as the costs associated with providing such features and services

•Reputation and brand recognition

•The number, spending characteristics and credit performance of customers

•The quantity, diversity and quality of the establishments where the cards can be used

•The attractiveness of the value proposition to card issuers, merchant acquirers, third-party processors, cardholders, corporate clients, merchants and other payment intermediaries (including the relative cost and ease of using or accepting the products and services, and capabilities such as fraud prevention and data analytics)

•The number, quality and cost of other cards and other forms of payment and financing available to customers, as well as the integration and connectivity of those products

•The security of cardholder, merchant and network partner information

•The success of marketing and promotional campaigns

•The speed of innovation and investment in systems, technologies and product and service offerings

•The nature and quality of expense management tools, electronic payment methods and data capture and reporting capabilities, particularly for business customers

Another aspect of competition is the dynamic and rapid growth of alternative payment and financing mechanisms, systems and products, which include payment facilitators and aggregators, digital payment, open banking and electronic wallet platforms, point-of-sale lenders and buy now, pay later products, real-time settlement and processing systems, financial technology companies, digital currencies developed by both central banks and the private sector, blockchain and similar distributed ledger technologies, prepaid systems and gift cards, and systems linked to customer accounts or that provide payment solutions. The integration of new or evolving technologies, such as generative artificial intelligence, has the potential to create new or better competitor products, alter the competitive environment and disintermediate our relationship with customers. Additionally, various competitors are integrating more financial services into their product offerings and competitors are seeking to attain the benefits of an integrated payments platform, such as ours.

In addition to the discussion in this section, see “Our operating results may materially suffer because of substantial and increasingly intense competition worldwide in the payments industry” under “Risk Factors” for further discussion of the potential impact of competition on our business, and “Our business is subject to evolving and comprehensive government regulation and supervision, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition” and “Legal proceedings regarding provisions in our merchant contracts, including non-discrimination and honor-all-cards provisions, could have a material adverse effect on our business and result in additional litigation and/or arbitrations, changes to our merchant agreements and/or business practices, substantial monetary damages and damage to our reputation and brand” under “Risk Factors” for a discussion of the potential impact on our ability to compete effectively due to government regulations or if ongoing legal proceedings limit our ability to prevent merchants from engaging in various actions to discriminate against our card products.