CPI AEROSTRUCTURES INC

Basis of Presentation

The Company consists of CPI Aerostructures, Inc. (“CPI Aero”), Welding Metallurgy, Inc. (“WMI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CPI Aero, and Compac Development Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of WMI (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”).

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2025 and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and notes normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

All adjustments that, in the opinion of the management, are necessary for a fair presentation for the periods presented have been reflected. Such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. It is suggested that these consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”). The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period.

An operating segment, in part, is a component of an enterprise whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. Operating segments may be aggregated only to a limited extent. The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company has determined that it has a single operating and reportable segment.

The Company maintains its cash in multiple financial institutions. The balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. From time to time, the Company’s balances may exceed insurance limits. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $1,722,274 of uninsured balances. The Company limits its credit risk by selecting financial institutions considered to be highly creditworthy.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards – Adopted

In 2025, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which focuses on the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The updated accounting guidance requires expanded income tax disclosures, including the disaggregation of existing disclosures related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU prospectively, but an election to treat this retrospectively is permitted. The Company has adopted this ASU, which is expected to impact the annual disclosure in its 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards – Not Adopted

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date,” which clarifies that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the final annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, which is our annual period beginning January 1, 2027, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, which will be our interim period beginning January 1, 2028. Early adoption of ASU 2024-03 (described below) is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of this standard in conjunction with ASU 2024-03 below.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01,Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, which amends the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of ASU 2024-03 is permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, but expects additional disclosures upon adoption.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by contract type and revenue recognition method:

Favorable/(Unfavorable) Adjustments to Gross Profit

We review our Estimates at Completion (“EAC”) at least quarterly. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many inputs, and requires significant judgment by management on a contract-by-contract basis. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities, and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities relate to management’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule, consideration of customer-directed delays or reductions in scheduled deliveries, technical requirements, customer activity levels, and related variable consideration. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding contract revenue and costs, including estimates of labor productivity and availability, the complexity and scope of the work to be performed, the availability and cost of materials including any impact from changing costs or inflation, the length of time to complete the performance obligation, the availability and timing of funding from our customer, and overhead cost rates, among others.

Changes in estimates of net sales, cost of sales, and the related impact to operating profit on contracts recognized over time are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes the cumulative effect of the profit changes on current and prior periods based on a performance obligation’s percentage-of-completion in the current period. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. Our EAC adjustments also include the establishment of, and changes to, loss provisions for our contracts accounted for on a percentage-of-completion basis.

Net EAC adjustments had the following impact on our gross profit during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The net adjustment of $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is driven primarily by a decrease of $2.1 million on the A-10 program as a result of increased labor and material costs.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was approximately $82.2 million. This represents the amount of revenue the Company expects to recognize in the future on contracts with unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations as of March 31, 2025.

Contract assets represent revenue recognized on contracts in excess of amounts invoiced to the customers and the Company’s right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Under the typical payment terms of our government as well as military contractor contracts, the customer retains a portion of the contract price until completion of the contract, as a measure of protection for the customer. Our government and military contract or contracts therefore typically result in revenue recognized in excess of billings, which we present as contract assets. Contract assets are classified as current assets. The Company’s contract liabilities represent customer payments received or due from the customer in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities.

Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was approximately $0.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

In 2009, the Company adopted the Performance Equity Plan 2009 (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 Plan reserved 500,000 common shares for issuance. The 2009 Plan provides for the issuance of either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options to employees, consultants or others who provide services to the Company. The Company has 2,364 shares available for grant under the 2009 Plan as of March 31, 2025.

In 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan reserved 600,000 common shares for issuance, provided that no more than 200,000 common shares be granted as incentive stock options. Awards may be made or granted to employees, officers, directors and consultants in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards. Any shares of common stock granted in connection with awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights are counted against the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan as one and one-half shares of common stock for every one share of common stock granted in connection with such award. Any shares of common stock granted in connection with stock options and stock appreciation rights are counted against the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan as one share for every one share of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such stock option or stock appreciation right awarded. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company added 800,000 shares to the 2016 Plan, which increased the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan to 1,400,000 shares. In the second quarter of 2023, the Company added an additional 800,000 shares to the 2016 Plan, which increased the number of shares for reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan to 2,200,000 shares. The Company has 262,265 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan as of March 31, 2025.

Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock in the consolidated statements of operations is summarized as follows:

The Company grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to its board of directors as partial compensation. These RSUs vest quarterly on a straight-line basis over aone-year period and will fully vest on October 1, 2025.

The following table summarizes activity related to outstanding RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2025:

The Company grants shares of common stock (“Restricted Stock Awards” or “RSAs”) to select employees. These shares have various vesting dates, ranging from vesting on the grant date to as late asfour years from the date of grant. In the event that the employee’s employment is voluntarily terminated prior to certain vesting dates, portions of the shares may be forfeited. At March 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining amortization period was 1.2 years.

The following table summarizes activity related to outstanding Restricted Stock Awards for the three months ended March 31, 2025:

The Company grants shares of common stock (“Performance Restricted Stock Awards” or “PRSAs”) to select officers as part of our long-term incentive program that will result in that number of PRSAs being paid out if the target performance metric is achieved. The award vesting is based on specific performance metrics related to accounts payable delinquency, debt, and net income during the performance period. The PRSAs vest at 0% or 100% and all three metrics must be met to vest at 100%. The PRSAs granted under this program will vest on the fourth anniversary of the grant date, subject to the aforementioned performance criteria. At March 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining amortization period was 2.1 years.

The following table summarizes activity related to outstanding PRSAs for the nine months ended March 31, 2025:

The fair value of all RSUs, PRSAs and RSAs is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. All RSUs, PRSAs, and Restricted Stock Awards vest and settle in common stock (on a one-for-one basis).

As of March 31, 2025, unamortized stock-based compensation costs related to restricted share arrangements was $413,980.

Basic and diluted income(loss) per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 iscomputed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the securities attributed to outstanding options to purchase common stock, as well as unvested RSUs. Incremental shares of 171,048 were not used in the calculation of diluted loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as the Company is in a loss position and these shares would be considered anti-dilutive.

On March 24, 2016, the Company entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with the lenders named therein and BankUnited N.A. as Sole Arranger, Agent and Collateral Agent (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement” or the “BankUnited Facility”). The BankUnited Facility originally provided for a revolving credit loan commitment of $30 million (the “Revolving Loan”) and a $10 million term loan (“Term Loan”). The Revolving Loan bears interest at a rate based upon a pricing grid, as defined in the Credit Agreement.

On February 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Thirteenth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Thirteenth Amendment”). Under the Thirteenth Amendment, the parties amended the Credit Agreement by (a) extending the maturity date of the Company’s existing revolving line of credit to August 31, 2025; and (b) setting the aggregate maximum principal amount of all revolving line of credit loans to $19,800,000 from January 1, 2024 through March 31, 2024, $19,080,000 from April 1, 2024 through June 30, 2024, $18,360,000 from July 1, 2024 through September 30, 2024, $17,640,000 from October 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024, $16,920,000 from January 1, 2025 through March 31, 2025, $16,200,000 from April 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025 and $15,480,000 from July 1, 2025 onward, and for payments to be made by the Company to comply therewith (if any such payments are necessary), on the first day of each such period.

On November 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Fourteenth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Fourteenth Amendment”). Under the Fourteenth Amendment, the parties amended the Credit Agreement by: (i) extending the maturity date of the Company’s existing revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Loans”) to August 31, 2026; (ii) reducing the Base Rate Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement) from 3.50% to 2.0%; (iii) resetting the aggregate maximum principal amount of all Revolving Credit Loans to $16,890,000 from January 1, 2025 through March 31, 2025, $16,140,000 from April 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025,$15,390,000 from July 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025,$14,640,000 from October 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025,$13,890,000 from January 1, 2026 through March 31, 2026,$13,140,000 from April 1, 2026 through June 30, 2026, and$12,390,000 from July 1, 2026 onward and for payments to be made by the Company to comply therewith (if any such payments are necessary), on the first day of each such period; and (iv) requiring the Company, if it does not deliver to BankUnited, N.A. by December 31, 2025, a commitment letter with banks and terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Lenders for refinancing the obligations under the Credit Agreement, to make a payment by January 31, 2026, equal to 2% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Revolving Credit Loans as of December 31, 2025, with 50% of such payment applied to reduce the aggregate outstanding principal and the remaining 50% retained by the Lenders as an amendment fee with respect to the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, requires us to maintain the following financial covenants: (a) minimum debt service coverage ratio of no less than 1.5 to 1.0 for trailing four fiscal quarter periods; (b) maximum leverage ratio of no less than 4.0 to 1.0 for trailing four fiscal quarter periods; (c) minimum net income after taxes as of the end of each fiscal quarter being no less than $1.00; and (d) a minimum adjusted EBITDA at the end of each fiscal quarter of no less than $1.0 million. The additional principal payments, increase in interest and the Amendment Fee provided for in the Eighth Amendment (entered into on October 28, 2021) and Ninth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (entered into on April 12, 2022) are excluded for purposes of calculating compliance with each of the financial covenants. As of March 31, 2025, the Company was not in compliance with the financial covenants described in items (a), (c) and (d) above. Such noncompliance constituted events of default under the Credit Agreement. On May 14, 2025, the Company obtained a written waiver from the Lenders waiving the specified covenant defaults for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025. The waiver does not amend or modify any other provisions of the Credit Agreement and applies solely to the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The BankUnited Facility is secured by all of the Company’s assets and the Revolving Loan bore interest at the Prime Rate +2.0%. The Prime Rate was 7.5% as of March 31, 2025 and as such, the Company’s interest rate on the Revolving Loan was 9.5% as of March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $16,640,000 and $17,390,000 outstanding under the Revolving Loan, respectively. $2,750,000 of the Revolving Loan is payable by March 31, 2026 and the remaining balance of $13,890,000 of the revolving line of credit matures and is payable by August 31, 2026, as amended November 13, 2024.

The Company has cumulatively paid approximately $962,000 of total debt issuance costs in connection with the BankUnited Facility, of which approximately $30,204 and $36,000 is unamortized and is included in other assets at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Also included in long-term debt are financing leases of $18,736 and $26,483 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, included as current liabilities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, our four largest customers accounted for 23%,22%,20% and 18% of revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 our five largest customers accounted for 19%,15%,14%11% and 10% of revenue.

At March 31, 2025,36%,13%, and 11% of our accounts receivable were from three of our largest customers. At December 31, 2024,21%,18%,16%,12%,12%, and 12% of accounts receivable were due from our six largest customers.

At March 31, 2025,22%,21%,19% and 17% of our contract assets were from four of our largest customers. At December 31, 2024,27%,20%,16% and 15% of our contract assets were related to our four largest customers.

At March 31, 2025 none of our vendors accounted for more than 10% of our accounts payable. At December 31, 2024,13%,12%,11%, and 11% of our AP was from our top 4 largest vendors.

The Company leases manufacturing and office space under an agreement classified as an operating lease. On November 10, 2021, the Company executed the second amendment to the lease agreement for its manufacturing and office space, which extends the lease agreement’s expiration date to April 30, 2026. The agreement provides for an initial monthly base amount plus annual escalations through the term of the lease. In addition to the monthly base amounts in the lease agreement, the Company is required to pay real estate taxes and operating expenses during the lease terms.

The Company also leases office equipment in agreements classified as operating leases.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s operating lease expense was $526,343 and $529,624, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2025 were as follows:

The following table sets forth the right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of:

The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term for its operating leases is 1.3 years as of March 31, 2025. The Company’s weighted average discount rate for its operating leases is 5.6% as of March 31, 2025.

The (benefit)/provision for income tax for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024 was($348,969) and $39,472, respectively.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is 20.9%. The difference between the effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the statutory income tax rate of 21.0% is due primarily to the estimated R&D credit, state income taxes and permanent tax differences.

The Company may be involved in various claims, suits, assessments, investigations, and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. The Company accrues a liability when it is both probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews these accruals at least quarterly and adjusts them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company’s views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in the Company’s accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period such determination is made. For some matters, the amount of liability is not probable or the amount cannot be reasonably estimated and, therefore, accruals have not been made.

The Company reached a settlement with the SEC on June 20, 2024 related to the Company’s previously announced and filed restatements of certain of its financial statements for fiscal periods between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022. Under the terms of this settlement, if the Company fails to comply with various undertakings, a civil monetary penalty in the amount of$400,000 will be due to the SEC by June 30, 2025 (the “Undertakings”). The Undertakings are as follows: (a) the Company shall fully remediate its outstanding material weaknesses in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (“ICFR”) and have effective ICFR and disclosure controls and procedures (“DCP”) by December 31, 2024; (b) the Company shall publicly disclose, concurrent with the filing of the 2024 Form 10-K, whether in management’s opinion, the Company has fully remediated its material weaknesses in ICFR and has effective ICFR and DCP; and (c) the Company shall certify, in writing, compliance with the undertaking(s) set forth above. The certification shall be made by the Company’s CEO and identify the undertaking(s), provide written evidence of compliance in the form of a narrative, and be supported by exhibits sufficient to demonstrate compliance. The certification and supporting material shall be submitted to the SEC no later than sixty (60) days from the date of the completion of the undertakings. The Company has complied with items (a) and (b) above and intends to comply with item (c) above by the required deadline

We manage our business activities on a consolidated basis and operate as a single operating segment. We primarily derive our revenue in the United States by supplying aircraft parts, complex aerostructure assemblies, aerosystems, maintenance repair and overhaul (“MRO”) and kitting contracts for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters in both the commercial and defense markets. The accounting policies are the same as those described in Note 1 – Principal Business Activity and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the form 10-K.

Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer, Dorith Hakim. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions including the allocation of resources and assessing financial performance.

As the Company has onlyone operating segment and is managed on a consolidated basis, the measure of profit or loss is consolidated net income or loss, which include all significant expenses and assets as presented in the consolidated financial statements which is consistent with the information provided to the CODM. Refer to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2025 and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

New or increased economic and trade sanctions, including tariffs, may create economic and political uncertainties and could potentially impact the cost of our raw materials and subassemblies having an adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability. Although our supply chain predominantly consists of US based suppliers, and our material costs are established on issued purchase orders, future procurements may be impacted by economic and political uncertainties including tariffs, and may directly affect the Company’s profitability on previously negotiated Firm Fixed Price contracts.

Amendment to Lease Agreement

The company entered into an amendment to the lease agreement for its operating facility on April 15, 2025 that extends the term of the lease until April 30, 2031. The lease agreement does not include any renewal options.

Credit Agreement Waiver

On May 14, 2025, the Company obtained a waiver from its lenders under the Credit Agreement with respect to noncompliance with certain financial covenants as of March 31, 2025. The covenants relate to minimum debt service coverage, net income, and EBITDA levels, and the Company was not in compliance with these covenants as of the end of the fiscal quarter. The waiver is limited to the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 and does not modify or waive compliance with the financial covenants for any future periods. The waiver cured the covenant defaults for the first quarter and avoided an event of default under the Credit Agreement. The Company remains subject to the same financial covenant obligations in subsequent periods.