MUNCY COLUMBIA FINANCIAL Corp

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION* *

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Muncy Columbia Financial Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Journey Bank (the “Bank”). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial information included herein, except the consolidated balance sheet dated December 31, 2024, is unaudited. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Prior period amounts have been reclassified when necessary to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassifications did not have an impact on the operating results or financial position of the Corporation. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2025.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s audited financial statements, included in the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024*.*

SEGMENT REPORTING

Management has determined that the Corporation hasone reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Corporation’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Corporation supports the others.

The Corporation’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer assesses performance for the Community Banking segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income that is reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. There have been no changes in the basis of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss since the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024*.*

RECENTLY ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU No. 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The ASU may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on disclosures related to income taxes.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01,Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which clarifies the effective date of ASU 2024-03, which is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on relevant disclosures.

2. SECURITIES

The amortized cost, related estimated fair value, and unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Securities available-for-sale with an aggregate fair value of $153,283,000 and $176,016,000 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust funds, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other balances as required by law.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities, by expected maturity, are shown below at March 31, 2025. Expected maturities on debt securities will differ from contractual maturities, because some borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations have stated maturities that may differ from actual maturities due to borrowers’ ability to prepay obligations. Cash flows from such investments are dependent upon the performance of the underlying mortgage loans and are generally influenced by the level of interest rates. In the table above, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are shown in one period.

The following table presents the gross proceeds received, and gross realized gains and losses, on sales of available-for-sale debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Gains and losses realized on sales of available-for-sale debt securities are included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following summary shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category of those individual securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than or more than 12 months as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

At March 31, 2025, the Corporation had a total of 125 debt securities that have been in a gross unrealized loss position for less than twelve months with depreciation of 1.9% from the Corporation’s amortized cost basis.

At March 31, 2025, the Corporation had a total of 116 debt securities that have been in a gross unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months with depreciation of 7.5% from the Corporation’s amortized cost basis.

At March 31, 2025, unrealized losses on debt securities have not been recognized into income because the issuers bonds are of high credit quality (rated BBB or higher), management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no allowance for credit loss (“ACL”) was required for debt securities. The Bank does not have the intent to sell and does not believe it will be more likely than not to be required to sell any of these securities prior to a recovery of their fair value to amortized cost, which may be at maturity.

As of March 31, 2025, all debt securities were rated above investment grade. Based on the payment status, rating and management’s evaluation of these securities, no ACL was required for the debt securities as of March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, the underlying issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities.

Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are stated at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in income. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation held$1,321,000 and$1,355,000, respectively, in marketable equity securities recorded at fair value. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on marketable equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to yield (interest income) over the life of the loan. Deferred fees and costs amounted to$777,000 at March 31, 2025 and$790,000 at December 31, 2024 and are netted against the outstanding unpaid principal balances.

The segments of the Corporation’s loan portfolio are disaggregated into classes that allow management to monitor risk and performance. The loan classes used are consistent with the internal reports evaluated by the Corporation’s management and Board of Directors to monitor risk and performance within the various segments of its loan portfolio.

Major classifications of loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Financial Receivables

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Corporation has aligned our segmentation to internal loan reports. The Corporation has identified the following portfolio segments:

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of credit losses is comprised of the Corporation’s historical loss experience. As of March 31, 2025, the Corporation expects that the markets in which it operates will experience no significant changes in economic conditions based primarily on housing indexes, interest rate stabilization, and a steady unemployment rate. Management adjusts historical loss experience as needed based upon economic expectations. No reversion adjustments were necessary, as the starting point for the Corporation’s estimate was a cumulative loss rate covering the expected contractual term of the loan portfolio.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Corporation recorded a$110,000 provision for credit losses on loans compared to$101,000 for the same period in 2024. The provision amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 primarily reflect an increase in volume in the loan portfolio, increases in non-accrual loans which impacted probability of default calculations and changes in qualitative factors related to the nature of the loan portfolio, volume and severity of past due loans, loan grade migration, changes in lending staff, changes in lending policies and procedures and forecasted economic conditions.

Historical credit loss experience is the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Corporation applies historical loss rates to pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. After consideration of the historic loss calculation, management can apply qualitative adjustments to reflect the current conditions and reasonable and supportive forecasts not already captured in the historical loss information at the balance sheet date.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, the Corporation will evaluate individual loans for expected credit losses when those loans do not share similar risk characteristics with loans evaluated using a collective (pooled) basis. Loans will not be included in both collective and individual analysis. The individual analysis will establish a specific reserve for loans in scope.

Specific reserves are established based on the following three acceptable methods for measuring the ACL:1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original interest rate; 2) the loan’s observable market price; 3) the fair value of the collateral when the loan is collateral dependent. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis with the evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance being made on a quarterly basis.

The need for an updated appraisal on collateral dependent loans is determined on a case-by-case basis. The useful life of an appraisal or evaluation will vary depending upon the circumstances of the property and the economic conditions in the marketplace. A new appraisal is not required if there is an existing appraisal which, along with other information, is sufficient to determine a reasonable value for the property and to support an appropriate and adequate allowance for credit losses. At a minimum, annual documented reevaluation of the property is completed by the Bank’s Chief Credit Officer to support the value of the property.

When receiving an appraisal associated with an existing real estate collateral dependent transaction, the Bank’s Chief Credit Officer must determine if there have been material changes to the underlying assumptions in the appraisal which affect the original estimate of value. Some of the factors that could cause material changes to reported values include:

The value of the property is adjusted to appropriately reflect the above listed factors and the value is discounted to reflect the value impact of a forced distressed sale, any outstanding senior liens, any outstanding unpaid real estate taxes, transfer taxes and closing costs that would occur with sale of the real estate. If the Chief Credit Officer determines that a reasonable value cannot be derived based on the available information, a new appraisal is ordered. The determination of the need for a new appraisal rests with the Chief Credit Officer and not the originating account officer.

The following table summarizes the loan portfolio and allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of individually evaluated loans that were deemed to be collateral dependent was$3,293,000 and$2,925,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans classified as Residential Real Estate were$2,313,000 and$2,046,000, respectively, and were collateralized by residential real estate properties. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans classified as Commercial Real Estate were$980,000 and$879,000, respectively, and were collateralized by commercial real estate properties.

Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans Receivable

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Non-performing Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing interest as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Credit Quality Indicators

The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real estate, commercial construction, and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

**Pass.**Loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral.

**Special Mention.**Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

**Substandard.**Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

**Doubtful.**Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment in non-homogenous loans by internal risk rating system as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The Bank monitors the credit risk profile by payment activity for residential real estate, consumer, and other loan classes. Loans past due 90 days or more and loans on nonaccrual status are considered non-performing. Non-performing loans are reviewed quarterly. The following table presents the amortized cost in residential real estate, and consumer and other loans based on payment activity as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Bank may consider modifying loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing term extension, other-than-significant payment delay or interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Bank provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as an interest rate reduction, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as term extension, may be granted.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank did not grant any loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties held as a result of obtaining physical possession were$70,000 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process were$1,607,000 and$1,846,000 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Corporation’s lending activity occurs within the Bank’s primary market area which encompasses Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Montour and Eastern Northumberland counties in Northcentral Pennsylvania. The majority of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consists of commercial and consumer real estate loans. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans.

4. DEPOSITS

Major classifications of deposits at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

Time deposits of $250,000 or more amounted to$104,351,000 and$100,287,000 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

5. BORROWED FUNDS

Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings include repurchase agreements with customers and advances from the FHLB. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank was approved by the FHLB for borrowings of up to$571,508,000 of which$50,985,000 was outstanding in the form of advances and the FHLB had issued letters of credit on the Bank’s behalf totaling$20,000,000 against its borrowing capacity. Advances from the FHLB are secured by qualifying assets of the Bank. In addition to the outstanding balances noted below, the Bank also has additional lines of credit totaling$19,466,000 available from correspondent banks other than the FHLB. The outstanding balances and related information for short-term borrowings are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The Corporation utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of our customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. We monitor collateral levels on a continuous basis. We may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents.

The remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented in the following tables:

The fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline. The Corporation manages this risk by having a policy to pledge securities valued at 110% of the gross outstanding balance of repurchase agreements. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by securities with a carrying amount of$36,399,000 and$60,099,000 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Long-Term Borrowings

Long-term FHLB borrowings consisted of the following at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Note: Weighted-average rates are presented as of March 31, 2025.

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Corporation establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data available.

The following table presents the assets reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The fair values of equity securities classified as Level I are derived from quoted market prices in active markets; these assets consist entirely of stocks held in other banks. The fair values of all debt securities classified as Level II are obtained from nationally-recognized third-party pricing agencies. The fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Corporation (observable inputs) and are therefore classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of real estate loans held for sale classified as Level II are derived from observable pricing inputs for similar assets in active markets.

The following table presents the assets measured on a nonrecurring basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Loans are individually evaluated for credit loss when they do not share similar risk characteristics as similar loans within their loan pool. Foreclosed assets held for sale consist of real estate acquired by foreclosure. Loans individually evaluated for credit loss are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for individual reserve requirements and adjusted accordingly. The following table provides a listing of significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement process for items valued utilizing level III techniques on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the table below:

Fair value is defined as a financial instrument which could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties other than in a forced or liquidation sale. If a quoted market price is available for a financial instrument, the estimated fair value would be calculated based upon the market price per trading unit of the instrument, but focuses on the exit price of the asset and liability.

If no readily available market exists, the fair value estimates for financial instruments should be based upon management’s judgment regarding current economic conditions, interest rate risk, expected cash flows, future estimate losses, and other factors as determined through various option pricing formulas. As many of these assumptions result from judgments made by management based upon estimates that are inherently uncertain, the resulting estimated fair values may not be indicative of the amount realizable in the sale of a particular financial instrument. In addition, changes in assumptions on which the estimate fair values are based may have a significant impact on the resulting estimated fair values.