INCOME OPPORTUNITY REALTY INVESTORS INC /TX/

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income Opportunity Investors, Inc. (the “Company”) is an externally managed company that invests in mortgage notes receivables. As used herein, the terms “IOR”, “the Company”, “We”, “Our”, or “Us” refer to the Company.

Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc. (“TCI”), whose common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “TCI”, owned 83.2% of our stock at December 31, 2024 and with an affiliate owned approximately 89.8% of our common stock at December 31, 2024. Accordingly our financial results are included in the consolidated financial statements of TCI’s in their Form 10-K and in their tax filings. American Realty Investors, Inc. (“ARL”), whose common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “ARL”, in turn, own approximately 78.4% of TCI.

Our business is managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”) in accordance with an Advisory Agreement that is reviewed annually by our Board of Directors. Pillar is considered to be a related party (See Note 4 – Related Party Transactions).

Pillar’s duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities. Pillar also arranges our debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors.

Basis of presentation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America.

We consolidate entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity. We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights. We account for entities in which we have less than a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.

We operate as a single reportable segment since operations principal source of income is interest on notes receivable from related parties. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates financial performance and allocates resources on a consolidated basis, rather than evaluating distinct business segments, and we provide enhanced disclosures related to significant expense categories in our financial statement footnotes.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation on the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Fair value measurement

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value we apply the following hierarchy:

Level 1 —Unadjusted quoted prices for identical and unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 —Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Related parties

Related parties are persons or entities who have one or more of the following characteristics, which include entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, trusts for the benefit of persons including principal owners of the entities and members of their immediate families, management personnel of the entity and members of their immediate families and other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the decision making of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests, or affiliates of the entity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents, for which cost approximates fair value.

Concentration of credit risk

We maintain our cash balances at commercial banks and through investment companies, the deposits that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not maintain balances in excess of the insured amount.

Income taxes

We are a “C” corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we are included in the May Realty Holdings, Inc. (the “MRHI”). consolidated group for tax purposes. We have a tax sharing agreement that specifies the manner in which the group will share the consolidated tax liability and also how certain tax attributes are to be treated among members of the group.

Comprehensive income

Net income and comprehensive income (loss) are the same for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Use of estimates

In the preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, it is necessary for management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expense for the year ended. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

We had four notes receivable issued by Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (“UHF”) with an aggregate balance of $11,173. Each of the notes bore interest at 12.0% and was to mature on December 31, 2032. Principal and interest payments on the notes from UHF are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying properties and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of the properties underlying the notes.

On October 1, 2023, we agreed to an amendment of the four UHF notes. Under the provisions of the amendment, the four notes were consolidated into a single note and the 12.0% fixed interest rate was replaced with a floating rate indexed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) in effect on the last day of the preceding calendar quarter. In connection with the amendment, $605 of accrued interest was forgiven in exchange for an increased participation in the proceeds from any future refinancing of the property by UHF.

UHF is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the note receivable. Principal and interest payments on the note are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying property and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of other property owned by UHF.

We engage in certain business transactions with related parties, including investment in notes receivables. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis due to the absence of free market forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or more unrelated entities. Related party transactions may not always be favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreements that are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.

Pillar is wholly owned by an affiliate of the MRHI, which owns approximately 90.8% of ARL, which owns approximately 78.4% of TCI, which owns 83.2% of the Company.

Advisory fees paid to Pillar were $108, $970 and $1,175 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note receivable is an amount held by UHF (See Note 3 – Notes Receivable). UHF is determined to be a related party due to TCI’s significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by their notes receivable. Interest income on our note with UHF was $588, $547 and $1,003 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Receivable from related party was$110,481 and$106,541 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; which represents amounts outstanding advanced to Pillar net of unreimbursed fees (“Pillar Receivable”), which bears interest at SOFR. Interest income on Pillar Receivablewas $5,711, $9,523 and$5,599 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our decision to declare dividends on common stock is determined on an annual basis following the end of each year. In accordance with that policy, no dividends on our common stock were declared for 2024, 2023, or 2022. Future distributions to common stockholders will be determined in light of conditions then existing, including our financial condition and requirements, future prospects, restrictions in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

We have a stock repurchase program that allows for the repurchase of up to 1,650,000 shares of our common stock. This repurchase program has no termination date. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased a total of 57,700 shares in three block transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased a total of 44,536 shares in several block transactions for a total of $802. As of December 31, 2024, there are 513,003 shares remaining that can be repurchased.

On December 16, 2024, TCI announced an offer (“Tender Offer”) to purchase up to 100,000 shares of our outstanding common shares at a price of$18 per share, subject to certain conditions. The Tender Offer was completed on January 29, 2025, which resulted in the acquisition of 21,678 of our common shares. Upon completion of the Tender Offer, TCI ownership of our shares increased to 83.7%.

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

The provision for income taxes consists of:

We believe that we will generate excess cash from our notes receivables in the next twelve months; such excess, however, might not be sufficient to discharge all of our obligations as they become due.

The following is a tabulation of our quarterly results of operations for the years 2024 and 2023. Quarterly results presented may differ from those previously reported in our Form 10-Q due to the reclassification of the operations:

The date to which events occurring after December 31, 2024, the date of the most recent balance sheet, have been evaluated for possible adjustments to the financial statements or disclosure is March 20, 2025, which is the date of which the financial statements were available to be issued. There are no subsequent events that would require an adjustment to the financial statements.