Knife River Corp

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Note 16 –Income Taxes

Income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31 was as follows:

Components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31 were as follows:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had various state income tax net operating loss carryforwards of $98.6 million and $133.6 million, respectively, and federal and state income tax credit carryforwards, excluding alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards, of $591,000 for 2023. The state income tax net operating loss

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carryforwards are due to expire between 2025 and 2044. Changes in tax regulations or assumptions regarding current and future taxable income could require additional valuation allowances in the future.

The following table reconciles the change in the net deferred income tax liability from December 31, 2023, to December 31, 2024, to deferred income tax expense:

Total income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before taxes. The reasons for this difference were as follows:

*State taxes in Oregon, Minnesota and California constitute the majority (greater than 50%) in this category.

The following table provides cash taxes paid for the year end December 31, 2024:

Knife River and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and local jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years ending prior to 2021. With few exceptions, as of December 31, 2024, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years ending prior to 2021.

Total reserves for uncertain tax positions were not material. We recognize interest and penalties accrued relative to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.